数字万用表的基本原理和维修
常用数字万用表的基本原理和维修
常用数字万用表的基本原理和维修我们常用的万用表基本都是用,,,,为核心做的，例如,,,，,,,,，,,,,等等这些表(很多厂家在设计电路时会考虑对7106做适当的保护措施,例如在图中的IN+与地之间接一个三极管,将电压限制在1V以内.如果出现误操作导致高压进入,这个三极管被击穿短路,使得7106不会损坏.如果发现万用表在电压档一直显示0V的话,就检查这部分电路.芯片损坏的几率还是比较小的,大部分都是外围元件坏了.7106是个典型的3位半AD转换器,基本原理如下:school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao wasburned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying todrill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escapethe Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people onthe Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect,later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification7106的基本量程是200mV,所以相应的测量范围就是2V,20V,200V......(很多表交流电压上限是750V,是因为元器件耐压的问题,而且通常也不需要太大的量程).直流电压测量原理前面几个是分压电阻,分别对应个量程.如果表坏了根据这个图可以很快的判断出故障部位.这种表的刀盘很复杂,拆的时候一定要注意刀盘弹簧片的位置,查找走线方向时一定要仔细,一不小心就看错了.school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanesecome to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying todrill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escapethe Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect,later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification交流电压测量:前端电路与支流电压完全相同,只是多了个整流电路.与普通指针表二极管整流不同,数字表都用运放整流,精度会高很多.如果你的表在直流电压和电流档都正常,就是在交流电压和交流电流档有问题的话,不用怀疑,肯定是这部分出了问题.这里的整流一般都用TL062和2个1N4148,在电路板上很好找.新加一张实际图,图中的TL062就是整流用的(不同的表所在的位置可能会不一样).这部分损坏的话交流就会出问题.school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying todrill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, infengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect,later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notificationschool)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines,fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officerslive in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying todrill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escapethe Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect,later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification直流电流和交流电流档.电路都相同,前面的电阻是电流采样电阻,区别也仅限于交流多了整流电路.电流档一般也就是误测电压烧掉保险(通常是500mA),再厉害点的有可能把采样电阻烧坏,有些表有图中的2个保护二极管,也有可能击穿短路,根据具体情况自己判断吧school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officerslive in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying todrill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escapethe Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect,later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification通常最容易出现的是在电阻档测量电压损坏.稍微负责任一点的厂家都会加上图中的PTC,这对在电阻档测量电压这种非正常情况的保护作用是非常显著的.看图可知,如果在电阻档测电压,会通过PTC和9013(就是前面所说的保护三极管)构成一个回路,此时电流很大,PTC的阻值会随温度上升而迅速增加,使表不至于烧坏.至于7106,因为前面还有一个比较大的电阻(最小也不会低与100K),而且被9013将电压钳位,一般不会损坏.当然,如果你的表没有这些保护措施那就例外了.测量电阻时:图中的几个电阻是被当作基准电阻的,Vref是个2.8V的基准电压,测量时,被测电阻与相应档位的基准电阻相互串联,根据分压定律,通过被测电阻两端的电压即可算出阻值.如果出现某个档不准或者有故障的话检查相应的电阻.school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japaneseteam went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying todrill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escapethe Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect,later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification其他的附加功能就不说了总结比较常见的问题:电阻档全显示0:图中的T1(9013)短路电阻档全显示OL或者1:R2或者前端某处断开(包括刀盘接触不良) 电压档全显示0:同电阻档全显示0电压档全显示OL或者1:电压档原理图中最下面那个分压电阻断电流档全显示0:保险断或者保护二极管击穿最常见的烧表大概就是电阻档了.其实很多都不是芯片挂了,而是保护用的三极管被击穿了,应该多检查这些.拆了个手上胜利早期的VC168,实在是佩服设计这表的人，这么复杂的刀盘也不知道怎么画出来的.而且间距这么小,安全方面肯定不过关,不过这也是这类表的通病.就那么大个地方要设计这么多档位也真是不容易.school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying todrill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escapethe Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect,later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification。
数字万用表的原理
数字万用表的原理
万用表的内部组成从原理上分为三个部分：表头、测量线路和转换开关。
（1）表头
表头通常是一个直流微安表，它的工作原理可归纳为：“表头指针的偏转角度与流过表头的电流成正比”。
万用表的主要性能指标基本上取决于表头的性能。
表头的灵敏度是指表头指针满刻度偏转时流过表头的直流电流值，这个值越小，表头的灵敏度愈高。
测电压时的内阻越大，其性能就越好。
表头与各种测量电路相联接就可以进行多种电量的测量。
借助转换开关就可以将表头与测量电路组成一个万用表。
（2）测量线路
万用表的测量线路是用来把各种被测量转换到适合表头测量的微小直流电流的电路，它由电阻、半导体元件及电池组成。
万用表的测量线路是万用表的中心环节，由多量程直流电压表、多量程直流电流表、多量程欧姆表、多量程沟通电压表等几种测量线路组合而成。
它能将各种不同的被测量（如电流、电压、电阻等）、不同的量程，经过一系列的处理（如整流、分流、分压等）统一变成肯定量限的微小直流电流送入表头进行测量。
（3）转换开关
转换开关的作用是用来选择各种不同的测量线路，实现测量种类和
量程的选择。
转换开关标有不同的档位和量程。
常用数字万用表的基本原理和维修
上一页1 ..891011121314151617..27下一页 GO
阅读：6558 次
录入：admin
【 推荐 】 【 打印 】
上一篇：ICL7107数字电压表的制作
下一篇：由ICL8038构成的信号发生器
相关新闻
本文评论 全部评论
新加一张实际图,图中的TL062就是整流用的(不同的表所在的位置可能会不一样).这部分损坏的话交流就会出问题.
直流电流和交流电流档.
电路都相同,前面的电阻是电流采样电阻,区别也仅限于交流多了整流电路.
电流档一般也就是误测电压烧掉保险(通常是500mA),再厉害点的有可能把采样电阻烧坏,有些表有图中的2个保护二极管,也有可能击穿短路,根据具体情况自己判断吧
只好把开关拆出来，清理一下那个弹性铜片，发现这些弹性铜片和PCB铜箔，都没有做镀金或镀银处理，很易氧化（靠润滑脂来防氧化？）。其中有一两块弹性铜片已开始变色，清理一下铜片的触头（用很细的砂纸轻轻打磨，让其发出亮光即停），再加点润滑脂。就OK了。
而我手头有台年纪超过25岁的、美国的老数字万用表，型号为SIMPSON 360-2。前两年朋友送的，他内部是波段开关做的，用起来，比上面那台可靠多了。而且AC电压档测量频响能达到20KHZ，比现在很多低价表强（多为1KHZ）。
如果要求高而且有条件的话万用表至少一年校准一次.当然对于我们DIY来说要求没那么严格了.
你的830电阻档正常吗?2种可能:
1:电阻档小量程也不准了 这种情况可能是R9,R10,R11+R12变值,影响分压比,但是对电压小量程影响不大,大量程影响较大
2:电阻档完全正常 很可能是线路板漏电.这种情况我以前遇到过.用酒精清洗一下看有没效果
数字万用表的基本原理和维修
常用数字万用表的基本原理和维修看到经常有人问万用表烧了怎么修，就写了这个帖子，希望对大家能有所帮助．有什么疑问的话也可以共同研究．我们常用的万用表基本都是用７１０６为核心做的，例如８３０，９２０５，９２０８等等这些表．很多厂家在设计电路时会考虑对7106做适当的保护措施,例如在图中的IN+与地之间接一个三极管,将电压限制在1V以内.如果出现误操作导致高压进入,这个三极管被击穿短路,使得7106不会损坏.如果发现万用表在电压档一直显示0V的话,就检查这部分电路.芯片损坏的几率还是比较小的,大部分都是外围元件坏了.7106是个典型的3位半AD转换器,基本原理如下:附件2008-4-7 16:487106外围.JPG(70.49 KB)7106的基本量程是200mV,所以相应的测量范围就是2V,20V,200V......(很多表交流电压上限是750V,是因为元器件耐压的问题,而且通常也不需要太大的量程).直流电压测量原理前面几个是分压电阻,分别对应个量程.如果表坏了根据这个图可以很快的判断出故障部位.这种表的刀盘很复杂,拆的时候一定要注意刀盘弹簧片的位置,查找走线方向时一定要仔细,一不小心就看错了.附件2008-4-7 16:57830-DCV.JPG(42.78 KB)交流电压测量:前端电路与支流电压完全相同,只是多了个整流电路.与普通指针表二极管整流不同,数字表都用运放整流,精度会高很多.如果你的表在直流电压和电流档都正常,就是在交流电压和交流电流档有问题的话,不用怀疑,肯定是这部分出了问题.这里的整流一般都用TL062和2个1N4148,在电路板上很好找.新加一张实际图,图中的TL062就是整流用的(不同的表所在的位置可能会不一样).这部分损坏的话交流就会出问题.附件2008-4-7 17:07830-ACV.JPG(60.77 KB)2008-4-7 22:49S6300319.JPG(119.58 KB)直流电流和交流电流档.电路都相同,前面的电阻是电流采样电阻,区别也仅限于交流多了整流电路.电流档一般也就是误测电压烧掉保险(通常是500mA),再厉害点的有可能把采样电阻烧坏,有些表有图中的2个保护二极管,也有可能击穿短路,根据具体情况自己判断吧附件2008-4-7 17:13830-DCA.JPG(46.62 KB)2008-4-7 17:13830-ACA.JPG(68.14 KB)通常最容易出现的是在电阻档测量电压损坏.稍微负责任一点的厂家都会加上图中的PTC,这对在电阻档测量电压这种非正常情况的保护作用是非常显著的.看图可知,如果在电阻档测电压,会通过PTC和9013(就是前面所说的保护三极管)构成一个回路,此时电流很大,PTC的阻值会随温度上升而迅速增加,使表不至于烧坏.至于7106,因为前面还有一个比较大的电阻(最小也不会低与100K),而且被9013将电压钳位,一般不会损坏.当然,如果你的表没有这些保护措施那就例外了.测量电阻时:图中的几个电阻是被当作基准电阻的,Vref是个2.8V的基准电压,测量时,被测电阻与相应档位的基准电阻相互串联,根据分压定律,通过被测电阻两端的电压即可算出阻值.如果出现某个档不准或者有故障的话检查相应的电阻.附件2008-4-7 17:24830-R.JPG(48.68 KB)其他的附加功能就不说了总结比较常见的问题:电阻档全显示0:图中的T1(9013)短路电阻档全显示OL或者1:R2或者前端某处断开(包括刀盘接触不良)电压档全显示0:同电阻档全显示0电压档全显示OL或者1:电压档原理图中最下面那个分压电阻断电流档全显示0:保险断或者保护二极管击穿其他的暂时没想到,欢迎大家继续添加最常见的烧表大概就是电阻档了.其实很多都不是芯片挂了,而是保护用的三极管被击穿了,应该多检查这些.拆了个手上胜利早期的VC168,实在是佩服设计这表的人，这么复杂的刀盘也不知道怎么画出来的.而且间距这么小,安全方面肯定不过关,不过这也是这类表的通病.就那么大个地方要设计这么多档位也真是不容易.附件2008-4-7 22:43S6300324.JPG(110.23 KB)2008-4-7 22:43S6300322.JPG(132.99 KB)这个图中的2个三极管就是保护用的.这个表当初也是三极管烧了,已经修好了. 中间5个横着的和4个呈菱形分布(4个2.25M,加起来9M)的是分压电阻附件2008-4-7 22:47S6300318.JPG(128.6 KB)。
数字万用表的基本框图原理、面板旋钮的作用和使用方法
数字万用表的基本框图原理、面板旋钮的作用和使用方法数字万用表是近年来消失的先进测量仪表。
国际上已消失袖珍式数字万用表代替传统的指针式万用表的趋势。
由于它采纳了大规模集成电路，具有数字化显字功能，因此仪表的结构轻松、测量精度高、输入阻抗高、显示直观、过载力量强、功能全、耗电省等优点，深受人们欢迎。
目前国内使用较多的DT－830、DT－840和DT－845三种型号。
本节主要介绍DT－830型万用表的基本框图原理、面板旋钮的作用和使用方法。
其面板图如图1所示。
图1 DT－830型数字万用表的面板图1. 基本工作原理数字万用表的种类较多，但基本工作原理则是大同小异，其基本方框图如图2所示。
图2 DT－830型数字万用表的基本方框图虚线框表示直流数字电压表DVM，它由阻容滤波器、A/D转换器、LCD显示器组成。
在数字电压表的基础上再增加沟通-直流（AC －DC）转换器、电流-电压（I－V）转换器和电阻-电压（Ω－V）转换器，这就构成了数字万用表。
2. 面板旋钮的作用万用表面板如图1所示，上面排列着液晶显示屏、量程开关、输入插口、hFE插口和电源开关五个部分，各部分的功能如下：（1）液晶显示屏：万用表的显示位数是4位，因最高位（千位）只能显示数字“1”或者不显示数字，故算半位，总称位（读作三位半）。
最大显示数为1999或－1999。
当测量直流电压和直流电流时，仪表有自动显示极性功能，若测量值为负，显示的数字前面将带“－”号。
当仪表输入超载时，屏上消失“1”或“－1”。
（2）量程开关：旋转式量程开关位于面板中心，是转换工作种类和量程用的。
开关四周用不同的颜色和分界线标出各种不同工作状态的范围。
（3）输入插口：输入插口是万用表通过表笔和测量点连接的部位，共有“COM”、“V.Ω”、“mA”和“10A”四个孔。
负表笔始终置于“COM”插口，正表笔要依据工作种类和测量值的大小置于“V.Ω”、“mA”或“10A”中。
万用表的原理及使用方法
万用表的原理及使用方法一、万用表的原理万用表（Multimeter），也称为多用途仪表或电表，是一种测量电流（A）、电压（V）和电阻（Ω）等物理量的仪器。
它由一个数字显示屏和多个旋钮组成，可以通过选择不同的测量范围和功能来进行各种测量。
1.1 基本原理万用表的基本原理是利用其内部的电路来测量待测量之间的电压差、电流和阻抗。
它使用了不同类型的传感器和放大器来将待测信号转换为可读取的数字形式。
1.2 测量电压在测量电压时，万用表将自身连接到待测电路中，并通过内部电路将待测电压转换成相应的数字值。
当选择正确的测量范围后，万用表会自动调整内部放大倍数以保证准确度。
1.3 测量电流在测量直流电流时，万用表需要作为一个中间设备插入到待测线路中。
根据欧姆定律，万用表会通过其内部的低阻抗回路来引导通过它的全部或部分电流，并将其转换为相应的数字值。
1.4 测量电阻测量电阻时，万用表通过在待测电阻两端施加一个已知的电压，然后测量通过待测电阻的电流来计算电阻值。
万用表会根据欧姆定律计算出电阻值，并显示在屏幕上。
1.5 其他功能除了上述基本原理外，万用表还可以进行其他类型的测量，如频率、容量、温度等。
这些功能是通过内部的传感器和特殊的测量模式实现的。
二、万用表的使用方法2.1 准备工作在使用万用表之前，需要先进行一些准备工作：•确保待测设备或线路处于断开状态，以避免短路或触电等危险。
•检查并选择正确的测量范围，确保不会超出万用表所能承受的最大值。
•确认测试引线和探头连接正确并牢固。
2.2 测量电压以下是使用万用表测量直流和交流电压（分别称为直压和交压）的步骤：a) 测量直流电压（直压）1.将功能旋钮选择到“V”或“DCV”档位。
2.将红色测试引线连接到“VΩmA”插孔，将黑色测试引线连接到“COM”（公共地）插孔。
3.将红色测试引线的探头接触待测电路的正极，黑色测试引线的探头接触负极。
4.读取显示屏上的数值，即为待测电压值。
（数字式）万用表的工作原理和使用方法
（数字式）万用表的工作原理和使用方法展开全文数字万用表，这个名字我想大家是在熟悉不过的了，熟悉掌握使用万用表的使用方法和工作原理非常重要：数字万用表主要是在指针万用表的基础上，数字万用表它是一个以数字电压表为核心的器件，将内部的模拟电路变为数字电路，并把表头换成液晶屏。
数字万用表，可以测量直流电流（A-），直流电压（V-），交流电流（A~），交流电压（V~），电阻（Ω），二极管（蜂鸣档），三极管电流放大倍数（HFE），电容档（F），电感挡（H）还可以识别火线，方波档，TTL逻辑电平测量档，占空比测量，频率（Hz）测量，电导nS等等。
使用方法：测量直流电压，交流电压，电阻，二极管，三极管，电容等，将红表笔插入VΩ孔，黑表笔插入COM孔。
测量mA级的电流，将红表笔插入mA孔，黑表笔插入COM孔，mA孔有一个200mA的保险管。
测量高于mA级别的电流将红表笔插入20A或10A电流专用插孔，黑表笔插入COM孔。
COM孔也称公共端是专门插入黑表笔的插孔。
主板维修中，使用2级管档测量对地阻值对地阻值方法将数字万用表打到2级管档红表笔接地黑表笔测量使用直流20V电压档测量主板上电压电压法将数字万用表打到直流20V电压档黑表笔接地红表笔去测量。
使用电阻档测量主板上电阻的阻值。
注意：2级管档和电阻档测量对地阻值的数值不一样。
数字万用表二级管档测量原理二级管档也称蜂鸣档,主要是在 2级管档基础上加一个蜂鸣器.数字万用表内部的电路测量电压是电阻串联分压，测量电流时电阻并联分流，只不过是测量出来的数据统一给A/D（数模转换器）通过它处理出来的信号显示到显示器上。
蜂鸣档：9V直流电压作为电源在将红黑表笔分别接触一根导线的两端9V的电压流出来的电流通过红表笔流会黑表笔构成回路电流流过蜂鸣器如果电流高的话蜂鸣器会响，在这里测量的线路阻值低于70欧蜂鸣器就会响。
数字万用表的工作原理：数字表的核心是它的A/D转换器，也就是模数转换器，将被测量的模拟信号变为数字信号给LCD液晶屏显示。
数字式万用表的工作原理
数字万用表种类很多，但基本工作原理则是大同小异。
都是把被测的模拟量转化成数字量显示。
所以最关键的是模数转换电路。
它主要由直流数字电压表DVM(Digital Vo1tMeter)，它由阻容滤波器、前置放大器、模数转换器A／D(Anal0g一to—Digital)、发光二极管显示器LED(LiGht EnittingDiode)或液晶显示器LCD(Light Crystal Disdiay)及保护电路等组成。
在数字电压表的基础上再增加交流一直流转换器AC／DC、电流一电压转换器I ／v和电阻一电压转换器Ω／V，就构成了数字万用表的基本部分。
当然，由于具体结构的不同，功能的强弱不同，每种表还有其各自复杂程度不同的特殊附加电路万用表是用来测量交直流电压、电阻、直流电流等的仪表。
是电工和无线电制作的必备工具。
初看起来万用表很复杂，实际上它是由电流表(俗称表头)、刻度盘、量程选择开关、表笔等组成。
使用时如果把量程选择开关指向直流电流范围时，电流表M 并接一些分流电阻来实现扩大量程之目的，使它成为一个具有几个大小不同量程的电流表。
测量结果要看刻度盘上直流电流刻度来读数。
通常刻度盘上第二行为电流刻度。
同样，如果量程选择开关指向直流电压范围时，表头串接另外一些电阻(用串联电阻分压的原理，使它成为一个多程量的电压表)。
读数要看刻度盘上直流电压刻度。
大多数的万用表电压和电流合用一刻度。
如果在测量直流电压的电路中接入一个整流器，便可测交流电压了。
测电阻的原理与测直流电压相仿，只是测试时还须加一组电池。
选择开关指向电阻范围时，刻度盘上找第一行电阻专用刻度读数即可。
万用表的型号很多，但其基本使用方法是相同的。
现以MF30型万用表为例，介绍它的使用方法。
使用前的准备第一，使用万用表之前，必须熟悉量程选择开关的作用。
明确要测什么?怎样去测?然后将量程选择开关拨在需要测试档的位置。
切不可弄错档位。
例如：测量电压时误将选择开关拨在电流或电阻档时，容易把表头烧坏。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
常用数字万用表的基本原理和维修
看到经常有人问万用表烧了怎么修，就写了这个帖子，希望对大家能有所帮助．有什么疑问的话也可以共同研究．
我们常用的万用表基本都是用７１０６为核心做的，例如８３０，９２０５，９２０８等等这些表．
很多厂家在设计电路时会考虑对7106做适当的保护措施,例如在图中的IN+与地之间接一个三极管,将电压限制在1V以内.如果出现误操作导致高压进入,这个三极管被击穿短路,使得7106不会损坏.如果发现万用表在电压档一直显示0V的话,就检查这部分电路.芯片损坏的几率还是比较小的,大部分都是外围元件坏了.
7106是个典型的3位半AD转换器,基本原理如下:
附件
2008-4-7 16:48
7106外围.JPG(70.49 KB)
7106的基本量程是200mV,所以相应的测量范围就是2V,20V,200V......(很多表交流电压上限是750V,是因为元器件耐压的问题,而且通常也不需要太大的量程).
直流电压测量原理
前面几个是分压电阻,分别对应个量程.如果表坏了根据这个图可以很快的判断出故障部位.这种表的刀盘很复杂,拆的时候一定要注意刀盘弹簧片的位置,查找走线方向时一定要仔细,一不小心就看错了.
附件
2008-4-7 16:57
830-DCV.JPG(42.78 KB)
交流电压测量:前端电路与支流电压完全相同,只是多了个整流电路.与普通指针表二极管整流不同,数字表都用运放整流,精度会高很多.
如果你的表在直流电压和电流档都正常,就是在交流电压和交流电流档有问题的话,不用怀疑,肯定是这部分出了问题.这里的整流一般都用TL062和2个1N4148,在电路板上很好找.
新加一张实际图,图中的TL062就是整流用的(不同的表所在的位置可能会不一样).这部分损坏的话交流就会出问题.
附件
2008-4-7 17:07
830-ACV.JPG(60.77 KB)
2008-4-7 22:49
S6300319.JPG(119.58 KB)
直流电流和交流电流档.
电路都相同,前面的电阻是电流采样电阻,区别也仅限于交流多了整流电路.
电流档一般也就是误测电压烧掉保险(通常是500mA),再厉害点的有可能把采样电阻烧坏,有些表有图中的2个保护二极管,也有可能击穿短路,根据具体情况自己判断吧
附件
2008-4-7 17:13
830-DCA.JPG(46.62 KB)
2008-4-7 17:13
830-ACA.JPG(68.14 KB)
通常最容易出现的是在电阻档测量电压损坏.
稍微负责任一点的厂家都会加上图中的PTC,这对在电阻档测量电压这种非正常情况的保护作用是非常显著的.看图可知,如果在电阻档测电压,会通过PTC和9013(就是前面所说的保护三极管)构成一个回路,此时电流很大,PTC的阻值会随温度上升而迅速增加,使表不至于烧坏.至于7106,因为前面还有一个比较大的电阻(最小也不会低与100K),而且被9013将电压钳位,一般不会损坏.当然,如果你的表没有这些保护措施那就例外了.
测量电阻时:图中的几个电阻是被当作基准电阻的,Vref是个2.8V的基准电压,测量时,被测电阻与相应档位的基准电阻相互串联,根据分压定律,通过被测电阻两端的电压即可算出阻值.如果出现某个档不准或者有故障的话检查相应的电阻.
附件
2008-4-7 17:24
830-R.JPG(48.68 KB)
其他的附加功能就不说了
总结比较常见的问题:
电阻档全显示0:图中的T1(9013)短路
电阻档全显示OL或者1:R2或者前端某处断开(包括刀盘接触不良)
电压档全显示0:同电阻档全显示0
电压档全显示OL或者1:电压档原理图中最下面那个分压电阻断
电流档全显示0:保险断或者保护二极管击穿
其他的暂时没想到,欢迎大家继续添加
最常见的烧表大概就是电阻档了.其实很多都不是芯片挂了,而是保护用的三极管被击穿了,应该多检查这些.
拆了个手上胜利早期的VC168,实在是佩服设计这表的人，这么复杂的刀盘也不知道怎么画出来的.而且间距这么小,安全方面肯定不过关,不过这也是这类表的通病.就那么大个地方要设计这么多档位也真是不容易.
附件
2008-4-7 22:43
S6300324.JPG(110.23 KB)
2008-4-7 22:43
S6300322.JPG(132.99 KB)
这个图中的2个三极管就是保护用的.这个表当初也是三极管烧了,已经修好了. 中间5个横着的和4个呈菱形分布(4个2.25M,加起来9M)的是分压电阻
附件
2008-4-7 22:47
S6300318.JPG(128.6 KB)。