高考英语压轴题专题阅读理解的经典综合题含答案解析
2020-2021高考英语压轴题专题复习——阅读理解的综合及详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解1．（2019•浙江）阅读理解California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness of the air.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。
高考英语——阅读理解的综合压轴题专题复习附答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解1．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.（1）Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________.A. a lack of confidence in technologyB. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict of public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources（2）The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________.A. take people's essential needs into accountB. make their programmes attractive to peopleC. ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities（3）What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B. Believing that the world has become borderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.（4）What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
2020-2021高考英语压轴题专题复习——阅读理解的综合及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Alison Malmon was ending her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania. US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness.Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face."What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect." A new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called "socially-prescribed (社会定向型的) perfectionism" increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their "achievement anxieties" onto their kids through "too much participation in their child's activities or emotionsThose in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. "Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice (公正)issue," she said. "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."（1）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?A.Her brother's mental illness.B.Her project during the freshman year.C.The pressure she had experienced.D.Her strong interest in mental health.（2）What may be pushing today's young people to struggle to be perfect, according to the article?a. The impact of social media.b. Parents' high expectations of their children.c. The decreasing number of college students.d. The fierce competition in society.e. Their desire to draw their parents' attention.A.a, b, cB.a, d, eC.a, b, dD.b, c, e（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.B.Lowering their expectations of themselves.C.Reducing parents' involvement in their children's life.D.Making them aware of what true social responsibility is.（4）What is the article mainly about?A.A new study on college students.B.Research into the trend of perfectionism.C.A group devoted to helping people stay mentally healthy.D.Various pressures that today's young people are facing.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。
高考英语(阅读理解提高练习题)压轴题训练及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Shark attacks not only disturb beach activities, but can affect associated tourist industries. Shark nets are a common solution to preventing shark attacks on beaches, but they cause dangers to sea ecosystems.Seeking a cost-effective way to monitor beach safety over large areas, we have developed a system called Shark Spotter. It combines artificial intelligence (AI), computing power, and drone (无人机) technology to identify and warn lifesavers to sharks near swimmers. The project is a cooperation between the University of Technology Sydney and The Ripper Group, which is pioneering the use of drones—called "Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers"—in the search and rescue movement in Australia.SharkSpotter can detect sharks and other potential threats using real-time aerial imagery. The system analyses video from a camera attached to a drone to monitor beaches for sharks, send warnings, and conduct rescues. Developed with techniques known as "deep learning", the Shark Spotter system receives imagery from the drone camera and attempts to identify all objects in the scene. Once certain objects are detected, they are put into one of 16 categories: shark, whale, dolphin, rays, different types of boats, surfers, and swimmers.If a shark is detected, Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator. The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action. In an emergency, the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod (漂浮仓) together with an electronic shark repellent (驱逐装置) that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble, trapped in a rip, or if there are sharks close by.In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head, NSW. The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station, and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone. The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds.We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers. This unique technology combines dynamic video image processing AI and advanced drone technology to creatively deal with the global challenge of ensuring safe beaches, protecting environments, and promoting tourism.（1）A Shark Spotter is ________.A. a solution to monitor sharksB. an equipment to identify lifesaversC. a technology to prevent shark attacksD. a project to pioneer the use of drones（2）When a shark is spotted near a swimmer, the system will ________.A. take timely actionB. analyze the visual dataC. classify the identified objectsD. turn on "deep learning" mode（3）The example in the 5th paragraph shows us that the system is ________.A. efficient in saving livesB. effective in detecting sharksC. smart in driving sharks awayD. practical over the whole sea area（4）What is the author's attitude towards the future of SharkSpotter?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Negative.D.Objective.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种旨在防止鲨鱼袭击的技术Shark Spotter 的工作原理以及重要意义。
备战高考英语压轴题专题复习—阅读理解的综合及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Hi, I'm Neil Harbisso. I come from a place where the sky is always grey, where flowers are always grey, and where television is still in black and white.I actually come from a world where color doesn't exist. I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind. So I've never seen color, and don't know what it looks like. But since the age of 21, I can hear color thanks to a magic electronic eye called "eyeborg": a color sensor between my eyes connected to a chip(芯片) installed at the back of my head that transforms color frequencies into sound frequencies that I hear through my bone.I've had the electronic eye permanently attached to my head and I've been listening to colors nonstop since 2004. So I find it completely normal now to hear colors all the time.Since I started to hear color, my life has changed significantly. Art galleries have become concert halls. I can hear a Picasso. And supermarkets have become like night clubs. I love how they sound.My sense of beauty has changed. Someone might look very beautiful but sound terrible, and someone might sound very harmonious but look awful. So I find it really exciting to create sound portraits(画像) of people. Instead of drawing the shape of someone's face I write down the different notes I hear when I look at them, and then I send them an mp3 of their face. Each face sounds different. I can even give face concerts now, concerts where I play the audience's faces. The good thing about doing this is that if the concert doesn't sound good, it's their fault.I also found out that things I thought were colorless are not colorless at all. Cities are not grey. Lisbon is yellow turquoise(宝石绿); London is very golden red…and humans are not black and white. Human skins range from light shades of orange to very dark shades of orange. We are all orange.If we extend our senses, we will consequently extend our knowledge.（1）We can infer from the article that people with achromatopsia ____________.A. suffer from blindnessB. have a good sense of colorsC. are not able to see colorsD. like to go to concert halls and supermarkets （2）What does the author mean by saying "Art galleries have become concert halls"?A. Art galleries have been changed into various sounds.B. Works at the art galleries are created by great musicians.C. Art galleries are filled with noisy people.D. The author now likes art galleries as much as concert halls.（3）Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. Neil developed a rare disease in his childhood.B. The eyeborg produces sounds based on shades of colors.C. Neil will use the eyeborg for the rest of his life.D. In Neil's mind, all people are orange.（4）What is the best title for the passage?A. Eyeborg–a real life saver.B. I listen to color.C. Sense the world.D. Art galleries turned into concert halls.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，从小患有色盲的作者，利用颜色传感器来听自己看不见的颜色，从而形成了作者与众不同的美感。
备战高考英语压轴题专题阅读理解的经典综合题含详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Positive thinking is a significant element of happiness. In order to become a positive thinker, determination and consistency are important. The first thing to know about positive thinking is that everyone can do it. With certain cognitive (认知的) and behavioral changes, we can all become positive thinkers. Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or is negative - it just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook.Instead of selectively attending to negative events, focus on the positive ones. Then pay attention to the delayed consequences of your behavior rather than the immediate ones. For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus on the fact that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better.Challenge any internal attributions and see if you compare your behavior to standards that are excessively rigid and perfectionistic. If so, change these and be reasonable with your comparisons. For example, if you constantly compare your weaknesses with other people's strengths, then switch this and compare yourself with those who are doing poorer than you as well. Overall, people who focus more on their strengths than their weaknesses but at the same time are aware of their weaknesses have a healthier self-evaluation result.When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine the worst case and visualize a solution for it, then let go of fear. This way, you will be prepared for anything and your fear will not block you from being open and creative to different solutions. For example, if you are constantly worried about losing your job up to a point where it is creating a lot of anxiety and fear and is effecting your performance and your happiness negatively, then think of losing your job, visualize how you will handle it, find solutions in your mind and then let go of the thought and the fear attached to it.So positive thinkers are better problem solvers and have better interactions. In addition to that, people who are positive thinkers are happier and more satisfied with their life.（1）Why is positive thinking a significant element of happiness?A. It means that one is blind to the troubles and difficulties that exist.B. It means that one constantly compares everything with other people's.C. It means that one is strong in mind and has nothing to be afraid of.D. It means that one approaches life and faces challenges more healthily.（2）What does the text suggest about the job you don't like?A. Quitting it and finding a better one.B. Keeping and trying to make it better.C. Being negative and numb to it.D. Challenging yourself with a new outlook.（3）What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4?A. Be prepared for the worst: and let go of fear.B. Being constantly worried will lose your job.C. Fear will prevent you being open and creative.D. There is nothing to fear if well prepared.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A. How to focus on the positive eventsB. How to be a positive thinkerC. What to do when faced with fearD. What to know of self-evaluation【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文为是一篇议论文，积极的思考是幸福的重要组成部分。
备战高考英语压轴题专题复习—阅读理解的综合含答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like "I Love Lucy" and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片), I think it's important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving."Why would you want that?" she said. "Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven."She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was hard and took a long time to make. In her mind, it was a waste of time.Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband and five children wasn't fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole new expanded set of people to feed.She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day. When she wasn't trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looked good enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off.I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man, it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor.No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the nice break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family every single day?I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who wrote books, gave lectures and traveled the world.But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women "having it all". How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream.A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women. Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgusting when you think about how women of color andpoor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them.Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.We still don't have pay equality and in many states, we still don't have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.And while it's getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional labor of running a household and raising the children.But at least we can get jobs. At least we don't have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down, barely remembering to say thank you.（1）According to the author, what is the future our foremothers fought for?A. Watching shows like "I Love Lucy" and listening to vinyl recordings.B. Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.C. Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.D. Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.（2）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 13 refer to?A. Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.B. Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.C. Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.D. Women's illusion about "having it all".（3）What does the "Stockholm Syndrome" in paragraph 14 really mean in the passage?A. Women have been used to the unfair treatment at homeB. Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.C. Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.D. Women have the chance to live out their dreams.（4）The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as ________.A. fantasticB. admirableC. awfulD. unforgettable（5）What can we learn from the passage?A. It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.B. All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.C. Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.D. The upper-middle-class white women did a better job in running the household.（6）What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?A. To show great appreciation to her grandmas.B. To call on housewives to claim the pay for the housework they undertake.C. To draw readers' attention to the situations women face, especially those poor and of color.D. To arouse women's awareness of equal pay at work.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C（5）B（6）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来，同时想让读者注意到女性所面临的处境，尤其是那些贫穷的有色人种。
高考英语—阅读理解的综合压轴题专题复习及详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. Built in 1865, it is the city's oldest church still in use. Countless couples have gathered here to marry. It's where morning tears are shared, friendships formed and comfort given during times of loss.As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the "John Allen window", one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.John was the son of Sir James Allen, who as Minister of Defense, helped plan and administer New Zealand's World War I strategy, which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.Divided into two parts, one depicts (描绘) St. George, the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers, while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom, "John Hugh All Gallipoli, 6th June, 1915". Two trees with local birds on the branches can be seen and a kiwi walks at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds."There are many war memorials in the church," says the church. "However the 'John Allen window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war, reflects the lives and stories of so many others involved in World War I."（1）What does the word "portrays" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Starts.B. Changes.C. Treasures.D. Represents.（2）Sir James Allen built the "John Allen window" to ______________.A.celebrate the end of World War IB.honor the troops in the Gallipoli campaignC.remember his son's sacrifice to the countryD.show the family's close ties with the church（3）What might be the main theme of the pictures on the window?A.Freedom and equality.B.Peace and war.C.Human and nature.D.Marriage and family.（4）What might be the best title for the text?A.A Brave SoldierB.Window on a LifeC.Cruelty of the WarD.A Grand Church【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。
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一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解The mayor of Flint offered Miss Michigan Emily Sioma high praise on Tuesday for speaking out at this weekend's Miss America conference about the city's water crisis."I was really excited for her to do that," Mayor Karen Weaver told TMZ. "I think she was very brave because so many times you say who you are and where you're from and just general information. For her to take that opportunity and use her platform and use her voice to speak up about what's going on in Michigan and in Flint, in particular, was just amazing."Emily Sioma, 24, introduced herself on stage on Sunday by saying, "From the state with 84 percent of the U. S. fresh water but none for its residents to drink. I am Miss Michigan Emily Sioma." The brief 'speech was a reference to Flint, a town with lead-filled drinking water.Weaver said Sioma's decision to speak about the Flint water crisis demonstrated her impressive character. "I applaud her for being a brave young woman. And it also shows you that she's not a selfish person," Weaver said. "She could have talked only about herself, but she chose to use this opportunity to bring attention to, and keep attention on, what's going on in Flint, what's going on with water quality standards what's going on with this broken infrastructure(基础设施) that we have across the country. "Ratings showed that 4. 3 million viewers watched the ABC program. Although Miss New York Nia Imani Franklin ultimately won the competition, many Twitter users quickly got behind Sioma, who did not make the final 15, after her introduction."Emily Sioma wanted to make an impact," one Twitter user wrote on Sunday. Regardless of whether you agree with what she said or not- she is shining light on a pressing issue that we have in our state and that is still not solved. That is a Miss America."（1）What does the underlined word "water crisis" refer to in Paragraph 1?A.Water transportation.B.Water shortage.C.Water reservation.D.Water quality.（2）How does the mayor find Emily Sioma?A.Curious and cautious.B.Brave and unselfish.C.Proud and admirable.D.Talkative and outgoing.（3）What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 5?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Introduce the ABC program.C.Emphasize Sioma's influence.D.Add some background information.（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.The Mayor of FlintB.A Twitter VoiceC.The ABC CompetitionD.A Miss America【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Sioma在一次会议中大胆地提出了美国大城市用水质量存在的问题，Flint市的市长高度赞扬了她并认为她是一个勇敢且大公无私的人，网上的人们也表达了对此事的看法。
（1）考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“From the state with 84 percent of the U. S. fresh water but none for its residents to drink”该州拥有美国84%的淡水，但却没有可供居民饮用的水；和第四段中的“she chose to use this opportunit y to bring attention to, and keep attention on, what's going on in Flint, what's going on with water quality standards”她选择利用这个机会来引起人们的注意，并持续关注Flint正在发生的事情，水质标准正在发生的事情，可推知,Sioma在会议中提出了美国城市面临的水质问题,由此可知,此处画线词water crisis应指美国城市的水质问题，与D项意思相近。
故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“I applaud her for being a brave young woman. And it also shows you that she's not a selfish person.”我为她的勇敢喝彩。
这也表明她不是一个自私的人。
可知,市长认为Emily Sioma是一个勇敢时且大公无私的人。
故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。
通读第五段可知，虽然Sioma没有获得冠军,但是有许多人都支持她。
再结合第六段中的“Emily Sioma wanted to make an impact,” Emily Sioma想要制造影响；以及” one Twitter user wrote on Sunday. Regardless of whether you agree with what she said or not she is shining light on a pressing issue"一名Twitter用户周日写道。
不管你是否同意她所说的，她正在解决一个紧迫的问题）可推知，作者写第五段主要是为了强调Sioma 的影响力。
故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。
通读全文可知,本文介绍了Sioma大胆地提出了美国大城市用水质量存在的问题, Flint市市长高度赞扬了她。
再根据最后一段中的“she is shining light on a pressing issue that we have in our state and that is still not solved. That, is a Miss America.”她在我们州的一个紧迫问题上发出了希望之光，而这个问题仍然没有得到解决。
这就是美国小姐。
可知，选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解Idioms are one of the hardest parts of learning a language. For those of you who don't know, an idiom is a phrase which has a meaning, but the meaning is not clear from the words themselves. If you translate an idiom word for word, it sometimes makes no sense at all. They are like puzzles and even native speakers can get confused when someone uses a phrase that they'venever heard of.With that in mind, here are five common English idioms that you can use in a variety of Situations.⒈Get your act together (Meaning: you need to improve your behaviour/work)This might be something your teacher says to you if you score badly in an exam or if you misbehave in class. You can also use it to talk about people in general. For example, if your friend is being mean or nasty for no reason, then you can tell them that they need to get their act together.⒉Pull yourself together (Meaning: calm down)This is a somewhat impolite way of telling someone that they are overreacting and that they need to relax. Only use this if you think the person you are speaking to is getting upset over something insignificant. If your friend tells you that their close relative has died, it is NOT the time to tell them to pull themselves together.⒊I'm feeling under the weather (Meaning: I'm sick)Yes, it's longer and more difficult to say than 'I'm sick', but if your English teacher asks you why you haven't done your homework, he or she is more likely to forgive you if you say that you were feeling under the weather. You may not have done your English homework, but your teacher might be impressed that you know how to make eloquent excuses in a foreign language.⒋It's a piece of cake (Meaning: it's easy)I don't know why this means what it does, but sometimes you just have to accept that English people use weird phrases.⒌Break a leg (Meaning: good luck!)This is perhaps one of the most confusing yet well-known English idioms. If someone says this to you, do not take offence or think they are threatening you; they are just wishing you luck. It is most often used for people wishing success to actors and actresses before they perform on the stage, but it can be said in other situations, too.All in all, learning a new language can be challenging. It's definitely not a piece of cake, especially when there are so many confusing idioms. However, with enough hard work and interest, you will succeed in no time. Break a leg!（1）Which idiom is proper for you to say to your worried classmate who is to take part in the 800-metre race at the school sports meet?A.Get your act together.B.Pull yourself together.C.Break a leg.D.It's a piece of cake.（2）How should you respond when you hear your deskmate say, "I am feeling under the weather."A."What's wrong with you?"B."Don't worry. Let's call 120."C."Get up and finish your homework."D."Why don't you take an umbrella with you?"（3）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about idioms?A.They sometimes make no sense at all.B.Native speakers have trouble understanding idioms sometimes.C.Idioms are the hardest part of learning a language.D.We can guess the meaning of an idiom from the words in it.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，习语是学习语言最困难的部分之一，作者列举了五个常见习语的用法。