2009年同等学力英语真题及答案
A绝密★启用前2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一ENGLISH QUALIFIC QUALIFICAA T ION TEST FOR MA MAS S TER-DEGREE APPLICANTS Paper One (90minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication (10minutes ，10points)Part II Vocabulary (20minutes ，10points)Part III Reading Comprehension (45minutes ，30points)Part IV Cloze (15minutes ，15points)考生须知1．本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。
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英语试卷一A 第1页共17页Paper One试卷一minutes es es))(90minutPart I Dialogue Communication(10minutes,10points,1for each)Section A Dialogue Completionections s:In this section,you will read5short incomplete dialogues between two Di Dir r ectionspeakers,each followed by4choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring A N SWER SHEET.1．A:It’s not like George to be late for an appointment.B:He’s always punctual.A．No way.B．Anyway he’s late.C．You’re right.D．I don’t think so.2．A:Helen.You look great!You’re much slimmer than last time I saw you.B:Actually I’ve been on a diet and I’ve been doing a keep-fit class too.A．Well,yes.B．No,thanks.C．You’re flattering me.D．Are you kidding?3．A:I’m so sorry.I shouldn’t have thrown your violin away.Why didn’t you tell me it was a birthday present from your Dad?B:What’s done is done.A．No problem.B．Don’t worry.C．That’s fine.D．Forget it.4．A:It’s really hard to maintain contact when people move around so much.B:A．That’s right.I’ve been out of touch with my friends.B．You’re unlucky to have lost contact with your friends.C．Is it?People just drift apart indeed!D．I ask them to keep me informed about what they are doing.英语试卷一A第2页共17页5．A:Hi,John,how are you?I heard you were sick.B:They must have confused me with somebody else.A．I was sick last week.B．I couldn’t agree with you more.C．So you’re right.D．I’ve never felt better.Section B Dialogue CompCompr r ehensionections s:In this section,you will read5short conversations between a man and a Di Dir r ectionwoman.At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by4choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer to the question from the4choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6．W oman:Where do you plan to go for dinner?Man:I was thinking of going to Joe’s.It’s a stone’s throw away.Besides, the environment is good.QuestioQuestion n:What can we learn about Joe’s?A．It’s not expensive.B．It’s not far from here.C．It’s an interesting place.D．It’s known for its specialty.7．Man:That was an absolutely delicious meal.Your cooking is always superb but this time you’ve excelled yourself.W oman:I’m glad you enjoyed it.It’s a recipe I haven’t tried before.Question n:What does the man think of the woman’s cooking?QuestioA．It’s as good as always.B．It’s good enough for something new.C．It’s better than usual.D．It’s good,but not as good as before.8．Man:Do you think that Bob is serious about Sally?W oman:Well,I know this.I’ve never seen him go out so often with the same girl.Question n:What conclusion can we draw from the woman’s statement?QuestioA．Bob never goes steady with a girl.B．Bob is serious about Sally.C．Bob will soon change his girlfriend.D．Bob is not serious about Sally.英语试卷一A第3页共17页9．Man:Everybody’s helping out with the dinner.Would you make the salad?W oman:Anything but that.Question n:What does the woman mean?QuestioA．She doesn’t want any salad.B．She will make the salad.C．She’d rather do some other jobs.D．She wants some salad.10．M an:You know what?You should invest the money yourself.W oman:That had crossed my mind.QuestioQuestion n:What does the woman mean?A．The idea had bothered her.B．She had invested the money.C．She wouldn’t give it a try.D．The idea had occurred to her.Part II V ocabulary(20minutes,10points,0.5for each)Section ADi Dir r ectionections s:In this section there are10sentences,each with one word or phrase underlined.Choose the one from the4choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring A N SWER SHEET.11．The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A．plentiful B．sufficient C．adequate D．countable 12．The newly elected president has pledged$13million to the automobile industry for its survival.A．prepared B．promised C．disposed D．delivered 13．The Americans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity.A．medium B．place C．resort D．tunnel 14．The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take advantage of job opportunities.A．catch up with B．make use ofC．cast light on D．get rid of英语试卷一A第4页共17页15．Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A．impressed B．amused C．puzzled D．attracted16．Senator James Meeks has called off a boycott of Chicago Public Schools, organized to protest Illinois’education funding system.A．reclaimed B．proposed C．canceled D．indulged17．The new book focuses on the concept that to achieve and maintain total health, people need physical,social and emotional well-being.A．attain B．gain C．acquire D．gather18．The16percent fare increase would bring Chicago fares in line with those of other big cities.A．in agreement with B．in cooperation withC．in connection with D．in association with19．It is true that London is often sunless,damp and raw,though the occasional sunny days seem all the more attractive by contrast.A．mild B．chilly C．cloudy D．moist20．Like flowers that have been waiting all winter to blossom,tourists are eager to burst forth with their cameras.A．survive B．breeze C．bloom D．reviveSection Bections s:In this section,there are10incomplete sentences.For each sentence there Di Dir r ectionare4choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21．A large of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-red heat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.A．ratio B．proportion C．rate D．fraction英语试卷一A第5页共17页22．It is amusing that she her father’s bad temper as well as her mother’s good looks.A．inherited B．retained C．preserved D．maintained23．the few who have failed in their examination,all the other students in the hall are in very high spirits.A．In spite that B．But forC．Apart from D．For the sake of24．The decline in moral standards,which has long concerned social analysts,has at last the attention of average Americans.A．clarified B．cultivated C．characterized D．captured25．Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man.Needless to say,we tried to make him change his mind.A．in short B．in secret C．in vain D．in danger26．The western media was astonished to see that China’s GDP by almost 40%just in two years’time.A．flourished B．floated C．soared D．roared27．Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this area and may undermine social stability.A．prevalent B．primitive C．previous D．premature28．Many people,when ill,see their doctors and ask them to something that will make them feel better.A．describe B．prescribe C．revise D．devise29．Facing growing costs and shrinking tax,the government is now threatening to cut funding for environmental protection programs.A．budget B．collection C．profit D．revenue30．Research shows heavy coffee drinking is a small increase in blood pressure,but not enough to increase the risk for high blood pressure.A．compared with B．associated withC．attributed to D．referred to英语试卷一A第6页共17页Part III Reading Compehensio o n(45minutes,30points,1for each)Compr r ehensiections s:There are5passages in this part.Each passage is followed by6questions Di Dir r ectionor unfinished statements.For each of them there are4choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage O n eThe other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend.He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on the trampoline(蹦床).I have to admit,part of me wanted to say no.We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here,I thought.But my son is eleven y ears old no now w.And after all,I do let him ride his bike to school.But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way,making sure he is getting there safely.My husband thinks I am too overprotective.I don’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along.As you pull out of our neighborhood,there is a shopping center across the street.My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself.But crossing that street is just too dangerous.The cars fly around the corner like they’re driving in a car race.What if he gets hit?What if some teenage bullies are hanging out in the parking lot?I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner.Too many kidnaps,too many sex offenders.I went online and discovered there are41sex offenders in my area alone.I honestly don’t think my mom worried about such things when her children were young.Growing up in the1970s was indeed a different time.I never wore a helme（t头盔）when I rode a bike.We were all over the neighborhood,on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again until dark.We rode in the back of the truck,didn’t wear seatbelts.I walked to and from school every day….31．What did the author feel reluctant to let her son do?A．Meet his friend.B．Play video games.C．Jump on the trampoline.D．Ride his bike on streets.英语试卷一A第7页共17页32．What does the author mean when she says“But my son is eleven years old now”?A．He is old enough to be given some freedom now.B．He is a bit too young to go out alone.C．He has reached the legal age for riding a bike.D．He can’t protect himself from road hazards.33．Given her husband’s attitude towards bringing up kids,he would most probably .A．drive his son to school to ensure safetyB．follow his son all the way to school and backC．give his son more freedom in deciding what to doD．ask the other boy’s parents to bring him over here34．Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a potential threat to kids?A．Teenage bullies.B．The drugstore.C．Child abusers.D．Cars racing by.35．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．The social security back in the1970s was no better than it is today.B．Today’s children enjoy more freedom than those in the1970s.C．Children today are more obedient to their parents.D．Children in the1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today.36．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A．To compare today’s social environment with that of the1970s.B．To show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood.C．To describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son.D．To express her worries about both safety and security in her area.Passage T woAbout a century ago more people would not have appreciated the study of a foreign language as they do today.Gone are those days when patriotism towards one’s own language was a major obstacle to learning foreign languages,a time when most nations were trying to throw their alien rulers out of their countries in their freedom struggles.英语试卷一A第8页共17页Gone are those days when people were proud of their mother or father tongues and considered that their native languages alone will suffice the need to nguage skills today have become as important as other business and career skills like IT, vocational or professional skills.Thus learning a foreign language today has become essential for an individual whether it is for careers,growing a business,or even to m a ke impr r ession.an impAll that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French,German,Spanish,and Japanese.Today’s world economy has bridged the barriers of race,sex,color and religion and the world has become a smaller place. Today’s businesses also demand language skills to expand and grow in other countries. Tens and hundreds of businesses world wide are expanding and growing their businesses by promoting them in countries other than their countries of origin.The tremendous growth of the Internet has further increased the demand for language skills. In Canada an official rule also says that all commercial establishments must have their websites created both in English and French,the official languages of the country.Language can also ease race and border barriers.You are more welcome in an alien nation if you know the language of the people there and can converse in their tongue. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity.37．One of the reasons for not studying a foreign language in the past is.A．it was too difficult B．it was not allowedC．it was seen as disloyalty D．it was taught by foreign rulers 38．According to the article,which of the following is true?A．People’s language skills are better than in the past.B．Foreign language skills are of vital importance.C．It’s easier nowadays to learn a foreign language.D．People today are not proud of their native language.39．What does“to make an impression”(Paragraph1)probably mean?A．To remember things.B．To express ideas.C．To show respect.D．To be liked by others.英语试卷一A第9页共17页40．The world has become smaller because of.A．business expansion B．the growth of the InternetC．a globalized economy D．the learning of foreign languages41．According to the article,the growth of the Internet requires.A．more foreign language skills B．more bilingual websites C．bettercommand of English D．morecommercial establishments42．People in a foreign country will treat you with more respect if you speak their language because.A．they think you love their countryB．they think you understand their culture C．it’s easier for them to communicate with you D．they believe you are a good language learnerThr r eePassage ThYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same.It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination.It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.In the supermarket,it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode.Thisdecompr r ession z o n e”. is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the“decompPeople need to slow down and look around,even if they are regulars.In sales terms this area is a bit of a loss,so it tends to be used more for promotion.Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section.For shoppers,this makes no sense.Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged,so they should be bought at the end,not the beginning,of a shopping trip.But what is at work here?It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping,and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.Shoppers already know that everyday items,like milk,are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers.But supermarkets know shoppers know this,so they use other tricks,like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them.The idea is to boost“dwell time”:the length of time people spend in a store.英语试卷一A第10页共17页Traditionally retailers measure“footfall”,as the number of people entering a store is known,but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there.But nowadays,a piece of technology can fill the gap:the mobile phone. Path Intelligence,a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays,a large retail centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls,but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks.It found that when dwell time rose1%sales rose1.3%.Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices.People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy,considering things like price,selection or convenience.But subconscious forces,involving emotion and memories,are clearly also at work.43．In Paragraph2,“decompression zone”is the area meant to.A．offer shoppers a place to have a rest B．prepare shoppers for the mood of buying C．encourage shoppers to try new productsD．provide shoppers with discount information44．Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers’.A．common sense B．shopping habitsC．concerns with time D．shopping psychology45．Path Intelligence uses a technology to.A．count how many people enter a storeB．measure how long people stay at a storeC．find out what people buy in a store D．monitor what people say and do in a store46．What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales.A．was in direct proportion to dwell timeB．was reversely linked to dwell timeC．was affected more by footfall than by dwell timeD．was affected more by dwell time than by footfall英语试卷一A第11页共17页47．The author argues that shoppers.A．exert more influence on stores than they imagineB．are more likely to make rational choices than they knowC．tend to make more emotional decisions than they thinkD．have more control over what they buy than they assume48．The best title for the passage is.A．New Technology Boosts Stores’SalesB．How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC．Rational and Irrational Ways of ShoppingD．The Science behind Stores’ArrangementsPassage FourA very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet.The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.So why is this huge increase in population taking place?It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as“Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term“Birth Control”.“Death Control”is something rather different.It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who,not very long ago,would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases,we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However,this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population,we begin to see the problem.If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land,we would each have about50,000square metres.This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have.More than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food.Obviously,with so little land to support us,we should be taking great care not to reduce it further.But we are not!Instead,we are consuming its“capital”—its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades.We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.英语试卷一A第12页共17页It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit t h eir r ep epr r oduction.This is not true.The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature.Developing countries do have an effect on their environment,but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.49．According to the article,what contributes to the population increase?A．Birth explosion.B．Birth Control.C．Death Control.D．Technological innovations.50．The word“incurable”in Paragraph2means.A．common B．epidemicC．untreatable D．unknown51．There isn’t enough land to support human beings because.A．there are more seas than land in the worldB．most of the world’s land is unusable C．the world’s land has already been taken upD．the world’s land is not distributed equally52．In Paragraph4the writer implies that fertile soils are.A．limited B．renewableC．productive D．nonrenewable53．What does“to limit their reproduction”in the last paragraph mean?A．To control death.B．To produce less goods.C．To increase production.D．To practice birth control.54．What do you think the writer is really concerned about?A．Long life spans.B．Population increase.C．Overuse of resources.D．The success of“Death Control”.英语试卷一A第13页共17页Passage FiveAll day long,you are affected by large forces.Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks.Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past few years,scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life.Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals.But in fact,it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success,he argues.They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwell’s noncontroversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others.Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwell’s book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age.It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals.It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships,social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet,I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries.They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs:the future can be better than the present,and I have the power to make it so.They were often showered by good fortunes, but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will.These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention.Control of attention is the ultimate individual power.People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them.They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity.And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents.As the classical philosophers understood,examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.英语试卷一A第14页共17页55．In Paragraph2,“these deep patterns”refers to all of the following EXCEPT .A．genes B．social dynamicsC．instantaneous perceptions D．neutral reactions56．According to the author,Gladwell’s new book Outliers is mainly.A．a descriptive study of exceptionally talented individuals B．about the importance of social arrangements to personal success C．to discuss why some people have more opportunities than others D．to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others57．It can be seen from Paragraph5that Gladwell’s book.A．has become quite influentialB．is beginning to influence Obama’s policiesC．has received severe criticismsD．assumes that people just pursue maximum profits58．According to the author,the most fundamental individual power is.A．individual will B．control of attentionC．a good character D．exceptional creativity59．The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to .A．social forces and genes B．goodluck and education C．individualcharacter and creativity D．individualgenes and good education60．This passage is probably a.A．book review B．book reportC．political essay D．news report英语试卷一A第15页共17页Cloz z e(15minutes,15points,1for each)Part IV Cloections s:In this part,there is a passage with15blanks.For each blank there are4 Di Dir r ectionchoices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Nuclear energy is an efficient and convenient substitute for conventional forms of energy which were found in special geographical rge amounts of61and effort are required to62these locations.Once the sites are found,men and equipment must be brought to tap and use these sources of energy.However,a large proportion of such sites are found only in far and63places.This increases the difficulties of64 these forms of energy.With nuclear energy,such difficulties are not present.Nuclear reactors can easily be built anywhere,and man does not have to compete with the65 of nature in order to obtain the energy.For equal amounts of energy,nuclear energy is much more convenient and inexpensive to obtain than conventional sources of energy.With nuclear energy,the amount of pollution is greatly reduced.66the production of nuclear energy is based on the fission(裂变)of atoms,pollution is kept to a very low level.The energy produced in the reactors is converted into heat and electricity,and these have67or no pollution at all.Conventional forms of fuel,68,produce large amounts of pollution.Production of nuclear energy uses the69of the fission of atoms;thus,70 amounts of energy can be obtained from it.The world’s reserves of oil,coal and natural gas are running71at a tremendous rate and current estimates predict that72of the 21st century,most of these conventional fuels will be used up.Nuclear energy is the exception73this gloomy prediction.Through splitting and fusing atoms,large amounts of energy can be produced,and74this process can go on and on until all our energy needs are satisfied.The75of nuclear energy as a boundless source of energy is indeed great,and we must harness it whenever possible as conventional fuels will not be around much longer.61．A．incentive B．capital C．interest D．currency英语试卷一A第16页共17页。
2009年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解)
2009年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解) Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the startingline because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 —instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead ofcasting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and evenentirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an ex ecutive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is tokill off all possibilities but one. A good innovationalthin ker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 coveredthat humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts downhalf of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” expla ins M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing whatyou’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where de veloping new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for afamily’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, w hich a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump togetherinformation from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely tobe__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, andremains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building i ndustry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workf orce to substantially improve productivityfor the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers,let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you sh all be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that NewEnglanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in NewEngland__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitableone from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of allcultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society andculture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. [D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories ofkinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is itseffect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of associationitself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young uponthe same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English答案解析：1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”， suppose表示“假设”， observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”，Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。
英语(二)真题2009年下半年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
英语(二)真题2009年下半年(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structrue从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
1.The traffic was held up for more than thirty minutes，______caused me to arrive late.SSS_SINGLE_SELA itB thatC whatD which该问题分值: 1答案:D[解析] 句意：交通堵塞了30多分钟，致使我晚到了。
本题考查非限制性定语从句。
选项中能引导非限制性定语从句的只有which。
2.______he has many friends，he is often feeling lonely.SSS_SINGLE_SELA AsB WhenC WhileD Since该问题分值: 1答案:C[解析] 句意：尽管他有很多朋友，但他经常感到孤单。
本题考查让步状语从句。
as与while都可引导让步状语从句，但as一般不置于句首，故本题选while。
3.Poor speaker of English though he was at the time，he still managed to make himself______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA understandB understoodC undemandingD to understand该问题分值: 1答案:B[解析] 句意：虽然他当时英语很差，但他仍尽量表达自己的意思。
本题考查固定搭配。
make oneself understood意为“(用另一种语言)表达自己的意思”。
4.There are many sales this season，during which stores will lowertheir______prices.SSS_SINGLE_SELA normalB generalC ordinaryD usual该问题分值: 1答案:A[解析] 句意：这个季节有很多大减价活动，期间，商家会降低商品的正常价格。
2009年成人本科学士学位英语统一考试试题及答案(A)
2009年4月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试试题及答案(A)Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)第一篇文章主要是讲关于十几岁年轻人的一些问题。
Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by som e questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marke d A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding le tter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so.At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stan d on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking ou t boldly on their own, most of them are holding one another's hands for reassurance (放心).They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of th eir cocoon (茧) into a larger cocoon.(76) It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. Thi s is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to liste n to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.1. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell______.【答案】B第1题目问的是作者写这篇文章的目的是干什么的。
2009年英语真题+答案解析
2009年英语真题+答案解析河南省2019年普通⾼等学校选拔优秀专科毕业⽣进⼊本科阶段学习考试公共英语Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (1×40 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, and then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. Julie spent one month________her term paper on Chinese poems.A. to writeB. and wroteC. writtenD. writing2. I was so________ the night before my examination that I could not sleep.A. WorryingB. tiredC. happyD. nervous3. Whether you learn or not is entirely________you.A. up toB. as toC. about toD. due to4. I finally________ to study much harder in the future.A. preparedB. made up my mindC. worked outD. made out5. The old couple decided to________ a boy though they had three of their own.A. adaptB. bringC. receiveD.adopt6. The teacher insisted that we ________our homework before 9 o’clock.A. FinishedD. was finishing7. The little girl showed the policeman the corner________ she was knocked off her bike.A. AndB. whichC. thatD. where8. The garden requires________.A. WateringB. being wateredC. to waterD. having watered9. Is this the house________ Shakespeare was born?A. whichB. in thatC. in whichD. at which10. ________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who11. The population of the world is growing at a dangerous________.A. PaceB. measureC. progressD. rate12. You________ not have seen her yesterday, for she was abroad.A. mustB. shouldC. couldD. would13. Alice trusts you; only you can ________her to give up the foolish idea.A. SuggestD. persuade14. When Mary paid the bill she was given a ______ for her money.A. chequeB. receiptC. ticketD. label15. It was at the music hall ________we met each other for the first time.A. WhenB. whereC. whichD. that16. They found the lecture hard________.A. to understandB. to be understandC. being understoodD. understood17. It is no use ________me not to worry about his injury.A. for you to tellB. your tellingC. you tellD. having told18. You must walk slowly if you want the children to________ you.A. put up withB. come up withC. keep up withD. go on with19. Little John caught a(n)fish________ this morning.A. aliveB. aloneC. lonelyD. living20. ________finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.A. Having not beenC. Not havingD. Having not21. I took the medicine, but it didn’t have any ________on me.A. effectB. relationC. touchD. affect22. The age of the students in this class ________from eighteen to twenty.A. ChangesB. rangesC. altersD. limits23. It would be________a risk to let the child go to school by himself.A. followingB. passingC. runningD. carrying24. He________a knowledge of this language by careful study.A. acquiredB. requiredC. inquiredD. requested25. We develop trade with that company for our shared________.A. honourB. rewardC. benefitD. prize26. If you take this medicine twice a day, it should ______ your cold.A. HealB. cureC. treatD. recover27. We object______ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A. againstC. toD. for28. She has fallen in love with Jack,______I find hard to imagine.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which29. —Are you going downtown this afternoon?—I am going to have these letters______ .A. mailedB. mailC. to mailD. mailing30. ______, everything would have been all right.A. He had been hereB. Been here he hadC. Here he had beenD. Had he been here31.______ , water resources have been severely wasted or polluted.A. They are scarceB. Scarce they areC. Scarce as they areD. As scarce they are32. ______from space, our earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.A. SeenB. SeeingC. To be seenD. Having seen33. He’ll never succeed in passing the CET6,______hard he tries.A. HoweverB. whateverC. despiteD. though34. Her face is ______to me, but I can’t remember where I saw her.B. friendlyC. alikeD. familiar35. You’ll have to book the tickets for the holiday in______.A. frontB. advanceC. aheadD. forward36. Children who are overprotected by their parents may become.______A. hurtB. spoiledC. damagedD. harmed37. Kids are very curious______.A. at heartB. in personC. by natureD. on purpose38. He has made another wonderful discovery, ______of great importance to science and man.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. of which I think it isD. I think which is39. My daughter and I took a______tour around New York City.A. two dayB. two day’sC. two daysD. two-day40. Your brother is very tall. What is his ______ exact?A. sizeB. lengthC. heightD. breadthPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (2×20 points)letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1A wealthy Persian Prince loved good stories. The older he grew，the fonder he became of them. But he always regretted they had to have an end. So he decided to give half his wealth and his beautiful daughter to the man who could tell him a story without an end. Anybody who failed would be sent to prison for life. The risk was so great that nobody came to the palace to tell the Prince a story for a whole year. Then one day, a tall, handsome young man came and said he wanted to tell a story that would go on forever. The Prince agreed but warned him what would happen if he failed. “The risk is worth your fair daughter,” the young man replied poetically (得体地). He then began this well known story:“Once upon a time there was a certain King who feared famine. So he ordered his men to build an enormous storehouse, which he filled with corn. Then, when it was up, made water proof and fire proof, the King felt happy. But one day he noticed a small hole in the roof and as he looked at it, a locust came out with a grain of corn. A minute later, another locust came out with another grain of corn. Then a third locust with another grain of corn. Then a fourth locust, flying at great speed, pushed through the hole and came out with two grains of corn. Then a fifth locustcame and...”“Stop,” shouted the Prince. “I can’t,” answered the young man. “I must go on unti l I tell you what happened to each grain of the corn.” “But that will go on forever.” The Prince protested. “Exactly,” the young man replied, and he smiled as he turned towards the Prince’s beautiful young daughter.41. The Prince always felt regretted about story because______ .A. he had too much wealthB. there was a terrible famineC. all stories have endsD. there was no story teller42. The young man risked to tell an endless story to the Prince for______ .A. a great sum of moneyB. the Prince’s beautiful daughterC. showing his braveryD. Both A and C43. The young man would be sent to prison ______ if he failed to tell a story without an end.A. foreverB. for some timeC. for a whileD. for a year44. In order to prevent famine, the King asked to build______ .A. a huge storehouseB. a large farmC. a beautiful palaceD. a waterproof kitchen45. The thing the king noticed first in the roof was______ .A. a loafC. a grain of cornD. a locustPassage 2Packaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents for them.Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe thecontainer is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has “Economy Size” printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit.The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.46. Which of the following statements could best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. Children are interested in some packages of products.B. Package is one of the important ways of advertising.C. People prefer to buy the products in plain containers.D. The size of a package usually motivates a buyer.47. The phrase “a buyer will get something for nothing” ( Line 1, Para. 2 ) probably means ______.A. a buyer will get something free of chargeB. a buyer will get something uselessC. a buyer will get something usefulD. nothing is worth buying48. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Sometimes people are easily motivated by packages.B. Small children sometimes are more interested in games printed on a package than theproduct itself.C. A product in a reusable container must be cheaper than a similar product in a plain container.D. “Economy Size” doesn’t always suggest that people can buy the most product for the leastmoney.49. What does the word “ them ” ( Line 5, Para. 1 ) refer to?A. Small gifts.B. Pictures.C. Games.A. Package is just an advertisement.B. Buyers shouldn’t believe the information on the package too much.C. The package has nothing to do at all with the product.D. Buyers can always find answers in the information on the package.Passage 3For any Englishman, th ere can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatist. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the works of our greatest writer. All of us use words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the common property of English speaking people. Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we use, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of HAMLET and complained that “it was full of well known proverbs and quotations.”Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the great resources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty five thousand. There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners) even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare’s day.51. English people______.A. h ave never discussed who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatistB. never discuss about the world’s greatest poets or dramatistsC. are sure who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatistD. do not care who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatist52. Every Englishman knows______.A. more or less about ShakespeareB. Shakespeare, but only slightlyC. all the Shakespeare’s writingsD. only the name of the greatest English writer53. Which of the following is TRUE?A. We use all the words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings.B. Shakespeare’s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English.C. It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origin of the words they use.D. All the words people use are taken from Shakespeare’s writings.54. “HAMLET” is______ .A. a play written by ShakespeareB. a play recommended by ShakespeareC. a play appreciated by ShakespeareD. a play people have been complaining about55. It is worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English because______ .C. English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare’s daysD. English words are now the same in various ways as in Shakespeare’s daysPassage 4Most cities and/or states in the U.S. collect a sales tax on almost everything you buy. You must ask when you move into a new community how much the local sales tax is, and what items are and are not taxable. Both taxable items and the amount of tax vary considerably from place to place, from one or two percent in some places up to eight or ten in others. The New York City sales tax, for example, is currently 8%, so if you buy a pair of ＄40 shoes you will actually have to pay ＄43.20. This makes paying and getting correct change much more difficult (not to mention making everything more expensive).Another thing that makes money changes more complicated is tipping. The Chinese people have happily put an end to tipping, but Westerners are still plagued(遭受折磨) with this indignity. Waiters and waitresses, cab drivers, hotel bellboys, barbers and hairdressers and all sorts of otherpeople must be tipped. Their employers give them low wages because it is expected that you, the customer, will make up the difference. If you don’t, the service person can’t earn a living. Tipping also varies from place to place, generally in the area of 15% of your bill (before taxes), but again you should ask local residents whom to tip and how much.There is another kind of tipping as well. You are generally expected to give something (either cash or a bottle of whisky) to the mailman at Christmas time. You should discuss this also with neighbors and friends.56. The main idea of this passage is______ .A. shopping and tippingB. sales and shoppingC. sales taxes and tippingD. sales taxes and people57. According to the passage, if you buy a pair of ＄50 shoes in the New York City, you pay extra ______as sales tax.A. ＄4.5B. ＄4C. ＄5D. ＄5.558. Usually, cab drivers______ .A. get high wages from the employerB. get great benefits from the employerC. get low wages from the employerD. get prize from the employer59. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. The Chinese people have to pay tips in western countries.B. The Westerners don’t have to pay high tips in their own country.C. Barbers, hotel bellboys and all sorts of other people can earn a living if they are not tipped.D. Tipping varies from place to place, generally in the area of 20% of your bill.60. Usually, taxable items and the amount of tax______.A. have no difference from place to place in the U.S.C. have been put an end in the U.S.D. vary from place to place in the U.S.Part Ⅲ Cloze (1×20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Most Americans don’t like to get advice from members of their family. When they need advice, they don’t usually61 people they know. 62 , many Americans write letters to newspapers and magazines which give advice 63 many different subjects, including family problem, sex, the use 64 the language, health, cooking, childcare, clothes, and how to buy a house or a car.65 newspapers regularly print letters 66 readers with problems. Along 67 the letters there are answers written 68 people who are supposed to know how to 69 such problems. Some of these writers are doctors; 70 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice 71 women without special training 72 this kind of work. One of them answers letters 73 to “Dear Abby”. The other is addressed74 “Dear Ann Landers”. Experience is their preparation for 75 advice.There is one writer who has not lived long 76 to have much experience. She is a girl named Angel Cavaliere, who started writing 77 for newspaper readers 78 the age of ten. Her advice to young readers now 79 regularly in the Philadelphia Bulletin in a column 80 DEAR ANGEL.61. A. talk B. ask C. tell D. speak62. A. Because B. Instead C. When D. As63. A. for B. in C. on D. with64. A. with B. on C. to D. of65. A. Most B. These C. Those D. The66. A. from B. for C. to D. about67. A. in B. with C. on D. for68. A. to B. for C. about D. by69. A. make B. overcome C. beat D. solve70. A. some B. many C. others D. those71. A. is B. are C. were D. was72. A. for B. on C. at D. by73. A. made B. addressed C. written D. sent74. A. with B. for C. to D. by75. A. producing B. giving C. making D. sending76. A. time B. yet C. way D. enough77. A. advise B. answers C. advice D. problems78. A. at B. on C. in D. about79. A. gives B. sends C. appears D. writes80. A. called B. arranged C. reached D. claimedPart Ⅳ Word Formation (1×10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements in this part. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.81.They are not________with the performance of the students. (satisfy)82.There is________of religion in our country. (free)83.The police were delayed by the________of information about the crime. (absent)84.It is________that the company will make a big profit in the export trade. (like)85.Reading English novels can ________your vocabulary. (large)86.When college students are caught________in exam, they can be kicked out of school. (cheat)87.Following the________settlement of the strike, the train service is now back to normal. (success)88.________more time, the experts will be able to find out the cause of this disease finally. (give)89.It is essential that we________informed of your plans in advance. (be)90.The news that her son failed to pass the exam was so________that she hardly believe it. (disappoint)Part Ⅴ Translation (2×10 points)Section ADirections：There are 5 sentences in this section. Please translate them from Chinese into English, and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.91.他们已经⼗年没见⾯了。
2009同等学力英语考试阅读真题
09Passage OneThe other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend. He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on the trampoline (蹦床). I have to admit, part of me wanted to say no. We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here, I thought. But my son is eleven years old now. And after all, I do let him ride his bike to school. But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way, making sure he is getting there safely.My husband thinks I am too overprotective. I don’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along. As you pull out of our neighborhood, there is a shopping center across the street. My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself. But crossing that street is just too dangerous. The cars fly around the corner like they’re driving in a car race. What if he gets hit? What if some teenage bullies are hanging out in the parking lot?I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. Too many kidnaps, too many sex offenders. I went online and discovered there are 41 sex offenders in my area alone.I honestly don’t think my mom worried about such things when her children were young.Growing up in the 1970s was indeed a different time. I never wore a helmet when I rode a bike. We were all over the neighborhood, on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again until dark. We rode in the back of the truck, didn’t wear seatbelts. I walked to and from school every day….31. What did the author feel reluctant to let her son do?A. Meet his friend.B. Play video games.C. Jump on the trampoline.D. Ride his bike on streets.32. What does the author mean when she says “But my son is eleven years old now”?A. He is old enough to be given some freedom now.B. He is a bit too young to go out alone.C. He has reached the legal age for riding a bike.D. He can’t protect himself from road hazards.33. Given her husband’s attitude towards bringing up kids, he would most probably _______.A. drive his son to school to ensure safetyB. follow his son all the way to school and backC. give his son more freedom in deciding what to doD. ask the other boy’s parents to bring him over here34. Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a potential threat to kids?A. Teenage bullies.B. The drugstore.C. Child abusers.D. Cars racing by.35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The social security back in the 1970s was no better than it is today.B. Today’s children enjoy more freedom than those in t he 1970s.C. Children today are more obedient to their parents.D. Children in the 1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today.36. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A. To compare today’s social environment with that of the 1970s.B. To show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood.C. To describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son.D. To express her worries about both safety and security in her area.Passage TwoAbout a century ago more people would not have appreciated the study of a foreign language as they do today. Gone are those days when patriotism towards one’s own language was a major obstacle to learning foreign languages, a time when most nations were trying to throw their alien rulers out of their countries in their freedom struggles.Gone are those days when people were proud of their mother or father tongues and considered that their native languages alone will suffice the need to survive. Language skills today have become as important as other business and career skills like IT, vocational or professional skills. Thus learning a foreign language today has become essential for an individual whether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to make an impression.All that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. Today’s world economy has bridged the barriers of race, sex, color and religion and the world has become a smaller place. Today’s businesses also demand language skills to expand and grow in other countries. Tens a nd hundreds of businesses worldwide are expanding and growing their businesses by promoting them in countries other than their countries of origin. The tremendous growth of the Internet has further increased the demand for language skills. In Canada an official rule also says that all commercial establishments must have their websites created both in English and French, the official languages of the country.Language can also ease race and border barriers. You are more welcome in an alien nation if you know the language of the people there and can converse in their tongue. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity.37. One of the reasons for not studying a foreign language in the past is ______.A. it was too difficultB. it was not allowedC. it was seen as disloyaltyD. it was taught by foreign rulers38. According to the article, which of the following is true?A. People’s language skills are better than in the past.B. Foreign language skills are of vital importance.C. It’s easier nowadays to learn a foreign language.D. People today are not proud of their native language.39. What does “to make an impression” (Paragraph 1) probably mean?A. To remember things.B. To express ideas.C. To show respect.D. To be liked by others.40. The world has become smaller because of _________.A. business expansionB. the growth of the InternetC. a globalized economyD. the learning of foreign languages41. According to the article, the growth of the Internet requires _________.A. more foreign language skillsB. more bilingual websitesC. better command of EnglishD. more commercial establishments42. People in a foreign country will treat you with more respect if you speak their language because ______.A. they think you love their countryB. they think you understand their cultureC. i t’s easier for them to communicate with youD. they believe you are a good language learnerPassage ThreeYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately i nside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is a bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.Traditionally retailers measure “footfall”, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retail centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1% sales rose 1.3%.Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.43. In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone” is the area meant to _______.A. offer shoppers a place to have a restB. prepare shoppers for the mood of buyingC. encourage shoppers to try new productsD. provide shoppers with discount information44. Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers’ ________.A. common senseB. shopping habitsC. concerns with timeD. shopping psychology45. Path Intelligence uses a technology to _______.A. count how many people enter a storeB. measure how long people stay at a storeC. find out what people buy in a storeD. monitor what people say and do in a store46. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales _______.A. was in direct proportion to dwell timeB. was reversely linked to dwell timeC. was affected more by footfall than by dwell timeD. was affected more by dwell time than by footfall47. The author argues that shoppers ______.A. exert more influence on stores than they imagineB. are more likely to make rational choices than they knowC. tend to make more emotional decisions than they thinkD. have more control over what they buy than they assume48. The best title for the passage is ________.A. New Technology Boosts Stores’ SalesB. How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC. Rational and Irrational Ways of ShoppingD. The Science behind Stores’ ArrangementsPassage FourA very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rat her different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the wor ld’s land cannot produce food.Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital”— its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.49. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?A. Birth explosion.B. Birth Control.C. Death Control.D. Technological innovations.50. The word “incurable” in Paragraph 2 means ______.A. commonB. epidemicC. untreatableD. unknown51. Th ere isn’t enough land to support human beings because ______.A. there are more seas than land in the worldB. most of the world’s land is unusableC. the world’s land has already been taken upD. the world’s land is not distributed equally52. In Paragraph 4 the writer implies that fertile soils are ______.A. limitedB. renewableC. productiveD. nonrenewable53. What does “to limit their reproduction” in the last paragraph mean?A. T o control death.B. To produce less goods.C. To increase production.D. To practice birth control.54. What do you think the writer is really concerned about?A. Long life spans.B. Population increase.C. Overuse of resources.D. The success of “Death Control”.Passage FiveAll day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals. But in fact, it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwell’s noncontroversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwell’s book is being r eceived by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet, I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social f orces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs: the future can be better than the present, and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes, but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.55. In Paragraph 2, “these deep patterns” refers to all of the following EXCEPT _______.A. genesB. social dynamicsC. instantaneous perceptionsD. neutral reactions56. According to the author, Gladwell’s new book Outliers is mainly _______.A. a descriptive study of exceptionally talented individualsB. about the importance of social arrangements to personal successC. to discuss why some people have more opportunities than othersD. to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others57. It can be seen from Paragraph 5 that Gladwell’s book _______.A. has become quite influentialB. is beginning to influence Obama’s policiesC. has received severe criticismsD. assumes that people just pursue maximum profits58. According to the author, the most fundamental individual power is _______.A. individual willB. control of attentionC. a good characterD. exceptional creativity59. The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to _______.A. social forces and genesB. good luck and educationC. individual character and creativityD. individual genes and good education60. This passage is probably a _______.A. book reviewB. book reportC. political essayD. news reportPart III Reading Comprehension (30 points)31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. C37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. B43. B 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D49. C 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. D 54. C55. A 56. B 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. A。
2009年专升本英语考试真题及参考答案
2009年专升本英语考试真题及参考答案一、Phonetics （5 points）?Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and pare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.第1题单选选出下面读音不同的选项（）。
A.quietB.societyC.yieldD.diet【参考答案】C第2题单选选出下面读音不同的选项（）。
A.fourteenB.sourceC.yoursD.tournament【参考答案】D第3题单选选出下面读音不同的选项（）。
A.customerB.cushionC.cultureD.currency【参考答案】B第4题单选选出下面读音不同的选项（）。
A.chessB.characterC.chorusD.chemist【参考答案】A第5题单选选出下面读音不同的选项（）。
A.hurryB.implyC.identifyD.occupy【参考答案】A二、Vocabulary and Structure （15 points）?Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.第6题单选We travelled on the 6：45 a.m.train to Boston，________arrived at 8：30 p.m.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what【参考答案】B【参考解析】【翻译】我们乘坐早晨6点45分的火车去波士顿，8点30分到达。
2009年同等学力申硕全国统考英语试卷及答案
2009年同等学力申硕全国统考英语试卷英语试卷一ENGLISH QUALIFICATION TEST FOR MASTER-DEGREE APPLICANTSPaper One (90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes，10 points)Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes，10 points)Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes，30 points)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes，15 points)考生须知1．本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。
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英语试卷一A 第 1 页共17 页Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each) Section A Dialogue Completion Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWERSHEET.1．A: It’s not like George to be late for an appointment.B: He’s always punctual.A．No way. B．Anyway he’s late.C．You’re right. D．I don’t think so.2．A: Helen. You look great! You’re much slimmer than last time I saw you.B: Actually I’ve been on a diet and I’ve been doing a keep-fit classtoo.A．Well, yes. B．No, thanks.C．You’re flattering me. D．Are you kidding?3．A: I’m so sorry. I shouldn’t have thrown your violin away. Why didn’t you tellme it was a birthday present from your Dad?B: What’s done is done.A．No problem. B．Don’t worry.C．That’s fine. D．Forget it.4．A: It’s really hard to maintain contact when people move around so much.B:A．That’s right. I’ve been out of touch with my friends.B．You’re unlucky to have lost contact with your friends. C．Is it? People just drift apart indeed! D．I ask them to keep me informed about what they are doing.5．A: Hi, John, how are you? I heard you were sick.B: They must have confused me with somebody else. _A．I was sick last week. B．I couldn’t agree with you more.C．So you’re right. D．I’ve never felt better.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6．Woman: Where do you plan to go for dinner?Man: I was thinking of going to Joe’s. It’s a stone’s throw away. Besides,the environment is good.Question: What can we learn about Joe’s?A．It’s not expensive. B．It’s not far from here.C．It’s an interesting place. D．It’s known for its specialty.7．Man: That was an absolutely delicious meal. Your cooking is always superbbut this time you’ve excelled yourself.Woman: I’m glad you enjoyed it. It’s a recipe I haven’t tried before. Question: What does the man think of the woman’s cooking?A．It’s as good as always.B．It’s good enough for something new.C．It’s bette r than usual.D．It’s good, but not as good as before.8．Man: Do you think that Bob is serious about Sally?Woman: Well, I know this. I’ve never seen him go out so often with the samegirl.Question: What conclusion can we draw from the woman’s statement? A．Bob never goes steady with a girl.B．Bob is serious about Sally.C．Bob will soon change his girlfriend.D．Bob is not serious about Sally.9．Man: Everybody’s helping out with the dinner. Would you make the salad?Woman: Anything but that.Question: What does the woman mean? A．She doesn’t want any salad.B．She will make the salad.C．She’d rather do some other jobs.D．She wants some salad.10．Man: You know what? You should invest the money yourself.Woman: That had crossed my mind.Question: What does the woman mean?A．The idea had bothered her. B．She had invested the money.C．She wouldn’t give it a try. D．The idea had occurred to her.Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each) Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11．The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing oneappropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A．plentiful B．sufficient C．adequate D．countable12．The newly elected president has pledged $13 million to the automobile industryfor its survival.A．prepared B．promised C．disposed D．delivered13．The Americans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomaticactivity.A．medium B．place C．resort D．tunnel14．The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women totake advantage of job opportunities.A．catch up with B．make use ofC．cast light on D．get rid of15．Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by thescience fiction.A．impressed B．amused C．puzzled D．attracted16．Senator James Meeks has called off a boycott of Chicago Public Schools,organized to protest Illinois’ education funding system.A．reclaimed B．proposed C．canceled D．indulged17．The new book focuses on the concept that to achieve and maintain total health,people need physical, social and emotional well-being.A．attain B．gain C．acquire D．gather18．The 16 percent fare increase would bring Chicago fares in line with those ofother big cities.A．in agreement with B．in cooperation withC．in connection with D．in association with19．It is true that London is often sunless, damp and raw, though the occasionalsunny days seem all the more attractive by contrast.A．mild B．chilly C．cloudy D．moist20．Like flowers that have been waiting all winter to blossom, tourists are eager toburst forth with their cameras.A．survive B．breeze C．bloom D．reviveSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 21．A large of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-red heatgiven off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.A．ratio B．proportion C．rate D．fraction22．It is amusing that she her father’s bad temper as well as her mother’sgood looks.A．inherited B．retained C．preserved D．maintained23．the few who have failed in their examination, all the other students inthe hall are in very high spirits.A．In spite that B．But forC．Apart from D．For the sake of24．The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, hasat last the attention of average Americans.A．clarified B．cultivated C．characterized D．captured25．Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man. Needless to say, we triedto make him change his mind.A．in short B．in secret C．in vain D．in danger26．The western media was astonished to see that China’s GDP by almost40% just in two years’ time.A．flourished B．floated C．soared D．roared27．Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this area and mayundermine social stability.A．prevalent B．primitive C．previous D．premature28．Many people, when ill, see their doctors and ask them to somethingthat will make them feel better.A．describe B．prescribe C．revise D．devise29．Facing growing costs and shrinking tax , the government is nowthreatening to cut funding for environmental protection programs.A．budget B．collection C．profit D．revenue30．Research shows heavy coffee drinking is a small increase in bloodpressure, but not enough to increase the risk for high blood pressure.A．compared with B．associated withC．attributed to D．referred toPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend. He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on the trampoline (蹦床). I have to admit, part of me wanted to say no. We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here, I thought. But my son is eleven years old now. And after all, I do let him ride his bike to school. But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way, making sure he is getting there safely.My husband thinks I am too overprotective. I don’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along. As you pull out of our neighborhood, there is a shopping center across the street. My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself. But crossing that street is just too dangerous. The cars fly around the corner like they’re driving in a car rac e. What if he gets hit? What if some teenage bullies are hanging out in the parking lot?I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. Too many kidnaps, too many sex offenders. I went online and discovered there are 41 sex offenders in my area alone.I honestly don’t think my mom worried about such things when her children were young.Growing up in the 1970s was indeed a different time. I never wore a helmetwhen I rode a bike. We were all over the neighborhood, on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again until dark. We rode in the back of the truck, didn’t wear seatbelts. I walked to and from school every day….31．What did the author feel reluctant to let her son do?A．Meet his friend. B．Play video games.C．Jump on the trampoline. D．Ride his bike on streets.32．What does the author mean when she says “But my son is eleven years oldnow”?A．He is old enough to be given some freedom now. B．He is a bit too young to go out alone.C．He has reached the legal age for riding a bike. D．He can’t protect himself from road hazards. 33．Given her husband’s attitude towards bringing up kids, he would most probably.A．drive his son to school to ensure safetyB．follow his son all the way to school and backC．give his son more freedom in deciding what to do D．ask the other boy’s parents to bring him over here34．Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a potential threat tokids?A．Teenage bullies. B．The drugstore.C．Child abusers. D．Cars racing by.35．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．The social security back in the 1970s was no better than it is today. B．Today’s children enjoy more freedom than those in the 1970s.C．Children today are more obedient to their parents.D．Children in the 1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today.36．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A．To compare today’s social environment with that of the 1970s.B．To show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood. C．To describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son. D．To express her worries about both safety and security in her area.Passage TwoAbout a century ago more people would not have appreciated the study of a foreign language as they do today. Gone are those days when patriotism towards one’s own language was a major obstacle to learning foreign languages, a time when most nations were trying to throw their alien rulers out of their countries in their freedom struggles.Gone are those days when people were proud of their mother or father tongues and considered that their native languages alone will suffice the need to survive. Language skills today have become as important as other business and career skills like IT, vocational or professional skills. Thus learning a foreign language today has become essential for an individual whether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to makean impression.All that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. Today’s world economy has bridged the barriers of race, sex, color and religion and the world has become a smaller place. Today’s businesses also demand language skills to expand and grow in other countries. Tens and hundreds of businesses world wide are expanding and growing their businesses by promoting them in countries other than their countries of origin. The tremendous growth of the Internet has further increased the demand for language skills. In Canada an official rule also says that all commercial establishments must have their websites created both in English and French, the official languages of the country.Language can also ease race and border barriers. You are more welcome in an alien nation if you know the language of the people there and can converse in their tongue. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity.37．One of the reasons for not studying a foreign language in the past is .A．it was too difficult B．it was not allowedC．it was seen as disloyalty D．it was taught by foreign rulers38．According to the article, which of the following is true?A．People’s language skills are better than in the past. B．Foreign language skills are of vital importance.C．It’s easier nowadays to lear n a foreign language.D．People today are not proud of their native language.39．What does “to make an impression” (Paragraph 1) probably mean?A．To remember things. B．To express ideas.C．To show respect. D．To be liked by others.40．The world has become smaller because of .A．business expansion B．the growth of the InternetC．a globalized economy D．the learning of foreign languages41．According to the article, the growth of the Internet requires .A．more foreign language skillsB．more bilingual websitesC．better command of EnglishD．more commercial establishments42．People in a foreign country will treat you with more respect if you speak theirlanguage because .A．they think you love their countryB．they think you understand their cultureC．it’s easier for them to communicate with you D．they believe you are a good language learner Passage ThreeYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is a bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.Traditionally retailers measure “footfall”, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retail centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1% sales rose 1.3%.Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.43．In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone” is the area meant to .A．offer shoppers a place to have a restB．prepare shoppers for the mood of buying C．encourage shoppers to try new productsD．provide shoppers with discount information44．Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage ofshoppers’ .A．common sense B．shopping habitsC．concerns with time D．shopping psychology45．Path Intelligence uses a technology to .A．count how many people enter a storeB．measure how long people stay at a store C．find out what people buy in a storeD．monitor what people say and do in a store46．What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales .A．was in direct proportion to dwell time B．was reversely linked to dwell timeC．was affected more by footfall than by dwell time D．was affected more by dwell time than by footfall47．The author argues that shoppers .A．exert more influence on stores than they imagineB．are more likely to make rational choices than they know C．tend to make more emotional decisions than they think D．have more control over what they buy than they assume48．The best title for the passage is .A．New Technology Boosts Stores’ Sales B．How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC．Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping D．The Science behind Stores’ArrangementsPassage FourA very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food.Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital”—its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are alsodoing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit theirreproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole. 49．According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?A．Birth explosion. B．Birth Control.C．Death Control. D．Technological innovations.50．The word “incurable” in Paragraph 2 means .A．common B．epidemicC．untreatable D．unknown51．There isn’t enough land to support human beings because .A．there are more seas than land in the world B．most of the world’s land is unusableC．the world’s land has already been taken up D．the world’s land is not distributed equally52．In Paragraph 4 the writer implies that fertile soils are .A．limited B．renewableC．productive D．nonrenewable53．What does “to limit their reproduction” in the last paragraph mean?A．To control death. B．To produce less goods.C．To increase production. D．To practice birth control.54．What do you think the writer is really concerned about?A．Long life spans.B．Population increase.C．Overuse of resources.D．The success of “Death Control”.Passage FiveAll day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionall y talented individuals. But in fact, it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are notlone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwell’s noncontroversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwell’s book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rationalprofit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet, I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs: the future can be better than the present, and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes, but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.55．In Paragraph 2, “these deep patterns” refers to all of the following EXCEPT.A．genes B．social dynamicsC．instantaneous perceptions D．neutral reactions56．According to the author, Gladwell’s new book Outliers is mainly .A．a descriptive study of exceptionally talented individualsB．about the importance of social arrangements to personal success C．to discuss why some people have more opportunities than others D．to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others57．It can be seen from Paragraph 5 that Gladwell’s book .A．has become quite influentialB．is beginning to influence Obama’s policies C．has received severe criticismsD．assumes that people just pursue maximum profits58．According to the author, the most fundamental individual power is .A．individual will B．control of attentionC．a good character D．exceptional creativity59．The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to.A．social forces and genesB．good luck and educationC．individual character and creativityD．individual genes and good education60．This passage is probably a .A．book review B．book reportC．political essay D．news reportPart IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Nuclear energy is an efficient and convenient substitute for conventional forms of energy which were found in special geographical locations. Large amounts of 61 and effort are required to 62 these locations. Once the sites are found, men and equipment must be brought to tap and use these sources of energy. However, a large proportion of such sites are found only in far and 63 places. This increases the difficulties of 64 these forms of energy. With nuclear energy, such difficulties are not present. Nuclear reactors can easily be built anywhere, and man does not have to compete with the 65 of nature in order to obtain the energy. For equal amounts of energy, nuclear energy is much more convenient and inexpensive to obtain than conventional sources of energy.With nuclear energy, the amount of pollution is greatly reduced. 66 the production of nuclear energy is based on the fission (裂变) of atoms, pollution is kept to a very lowlevel. The energy produced in the reactors is converted into heat and electricity, and these have 67 or no pollution at all. Conventional forms of fuel, 68 , produce large amounts of pollution.Production of nuclear energy uses the 69 of the fission of atoms; thus, 70 amounts of energy can be obtained from it. The world’s reserves of oil, coal and natural gas are running 71 at a tremendous rate and current estimates predict that 72 of the 21st century, most of these conventional fuels will be used up. Nuclear energy is the exception 73 this gloomy prediction. Through splitting and fusing atoms, large amounts of energy can be produced, and 74 this process can go on and on until all our energy needs are satisfied. The 75 of nuclear energy as a boundless source of energy is indeed great, and we must harness it whenever possible as conventional fuels will not be around much longer. 61．A．incentive B．capital C．interest D．currency62．A．point B．recognize C．identify D．label63．A．isolated B．single C．sole D．solitary64．A．detecting B．selecting C．harnessing D．concentrating65．A．potentials B．powers C．strengths D．forces。
2009年考研英语真题答案完整版
2009年考研英语真题答案完整版：1-10 BADBC BDCAB11-20 CADDA DCBBD21-25 BDAAA26-30 ACAAB31-35DBBCC36-40 DDDAC41-45 35216Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.46题有人说，测量任何学校的价值是扩大和提高经验的影响，这种影响是最初动机的一部分47题只有逐渐注意机构的副产品，并且逐渐增多，它才能初人民认为是机构产品的一个直接因素。
2009考研英语真题及答案
Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too bright.Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 7 process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one o f the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dustI.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is12 the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine2.[A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened3.[A]thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer4.[A]tendency [B]advantage [C]inclination [D]priority5.[A]insists on [B]sums up [C]turns out [D]puts forward6.[A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along7.[A]incredible [B]spontaneous [C]inevitable [D]gradual8.[A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]think9.[A]invisible [B]limited [C]indefinite [D]different10.[A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward [D]backward11.[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs12.[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across13.[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14.[A]by chance [B]in contrast [C]as usual [D]for instance15.[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest16.[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach17.[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with18.[A]Above all [B]After all [C]However [D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive [C]equivalent [D]hostile20.[A]By accident [B]In time [C]So far [D]Better stillSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unr eflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become，both in the workplace and in our personal lives.Bu t don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our presi dent calls himself ‘the Decider’.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possib ilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21.In Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is characterized by being______[A] casual. [B] familiar. [C] mechanical. [D] changeable.22.Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be______[A] predicted. [B] regulated. [C] traced. [D] guided.23.The word “ruts” (Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to______[A] tracks. [B] series. [C]characteristics. [D] connections.24.Dawna Markova would most probably agree that______[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind.[B] innovativeness could be taught.[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.[D] curiosity activates creative minds.25.Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing______[A] prevents new habits from being formed.[B] no longer emphasizes commonness.[C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode.[D] complies with the American belief system.Text 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom —or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $ 30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore — and another $ 120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $ 2,500.Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists —and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical. “There’s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologis t. He notes that each individual has many ancestors — numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, whi ch is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In Paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s______[A] easy availability. [B] flexibility in pricing.[C] successful promotion. [D] popularity with households.27.PTK is used to______[A] locate one’s birth place.[B] promote genetic research.[C] identify parent-child kinship. [D] choose children for adoption.28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to______[A] trace distant ancestors. [B] rebuild reliable bloodlines.[C] fully use genetic information. [D] achieve the claimed accuracy.29.In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is______[A] disorganized data collection. [B] overlapping database building.[C] excessive sample comparison. [D] lack of patent evaluation.30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing. [B] DNA Testing and Its Problems.[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab. [D] Lies Behind DNA Testing.Text 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U. S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts — a result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 ye ars ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31.The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries______[A] is subject to groundless doubts. [B] has fallen victim of bias.[C] is conventionally downgraded. [D] has been overestimated.32.It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system______[A] challenges economists and politicians.[B] takes efforts of generations.[C] demands priority from the government.[D] requires sufficient labor force.33.A major difference between the Japanese and U. S. workforces is that______[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.[C] the U. S. workforce has a better education.[D] the U. S. workforce is more organized.34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged______[A] when people had enough time. [B] prior to better ways of finding food.[C] when people no longer went hungry. [D] as a result of pressure on government.35.According to the last Paragraph, development of education______[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.[D] cannot afford political changes.Text 4The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing,and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.Meanwh ile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”36.The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England______[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37.It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders______[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World.[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life.[D] were obsessed with religious innovations.38.The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay______[A] were famous in the New World for their writings.[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs.[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World.[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England.39.The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often______[A] influenced by superstitions.[B] troubled with religious beliefs.[C] puzzled by church sermons.[D] frustrated with family earnings.40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England______[A] were mostly engaged in political activities.[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect.[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later reference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. (41) ____________________American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology — the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In hiswork, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. (42)____________________In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. (43) ____________________ Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. (44) __________________ Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. (45) ____________________ Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a str uggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E]Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G]For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education —that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution” is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly, and2) make two or three suggestions.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
2009年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-高清版含答案
2009年考研英语真题（英一二通用）-高清版含答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are.1the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly2to live shorter lives.This suggests that3bulbs burn longer,that there is a(n)4in not being too bright.Intelligence,it5,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow6the starting line because it depends on learning–a(n) 7process–instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to8.Is there an adaptive value to9intelligence?That’s the question behind this new research.Instead of casting a wistful glance10at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real11of our own intelligence might be.This is12the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would13on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that15animals ran the labs,they would test us to16the limits of our patience,our faithfulness, our memory for locations.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a(n)19question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority5.[A]insists on[B]sums up[C]turns out[D]puts forward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]by chance[B]in contrast[C]as usual[D]for instance15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Above all[B]After all[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile20.[A]By accident[B]In time[C]So far[D]Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,”William Wordsworth said in the19th century.In the ever-changing21st century,even the word“habit”carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,we create parallel paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jump our trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit,we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.In fact,the more new things we try–the more we step outside our comfort zone–the more inherently creative we become,both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain,they’re there to stay.Instead,the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,”says Dawna Markova,author of The Open Mind.“But we are taught instead to‘decide’,just as our president calls himself‘the Decider’.”She adds,however,that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,she says. Researchers in the late1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(or collaboratively)and innovatively.At the end of adolescence,however,the brain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system–that anyone can do anything,”explains M.J.Ryan,author of the2006book This Year I Will...and Ms. Markova’s business partner.“That’s a lie that we have perpetuated,and it fosters commonness.Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.21.In Wordsworth’s view,“habits”is characterized by being[A]casual.[B]familiar.[C]mechanical.[D]changeable.22.Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be[A]predicted.[B]regulated.[C]traced.[D]guided.23.The word“ruts”(Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]tracks.[B]series.[C]characteristics.[D]connections.24.Dawna Markova would most probably agree that[A]ideas are born of a relaxing mind.[B]innovativeness could be taught.[C]decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.[D]curiosity activates creative minds.25.Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing[A]prevents new habits from being formed.[B]no longer emphasizes commonness.[C]maintains the inherent American thinking mode.[D]complies with the American belief system.Text2It is a wise father that knows his own child,but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom–or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.All he needs to do is shell out$30for a paternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore–and another $120to get the results.More than60,000people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year,according to Doug Fogg,chief operating officer of Identigene,which makes the over-the-counter kits.More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public,ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than$2,500.Among the most popular:paternity and kinship testing,which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists–and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical.“There’s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”says Troy Duster,a New York University sociologist.He notes that each individual has many ancestors–numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage,either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA,which is passed down only from mothers.This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors,even though, for example,just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or,four generations back,14other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others,so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results.In addition,the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In Paragraphs1and2,the text shows PTK’s[A]easy availability.[B]flexibility in pricing.[C]successful promotion.[D]popularity with households.27.PTK is used to[A]locate one’s birth place.[B]promote genetic research.[C]identify parent-child kinship.[D]choose children for adoption.28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to[A]trace distant ancestors.[B]rebuild reliable bloodlines.[C]fully use genetic information.[D]achieve the claimed accuracy.29.In the last paragraph,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is[A]disorganized data collection.[B]overlapping database building.[C]excessive sample comparison.[D]lack of patent evaluation.30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing.[B]DNA Testing and Its Problems.[C]DNA Testing Outside the Lab.[D]Lies Behind DNA Testing.Ironically,the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.Not long ago,with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak,the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.Japan was,and remains,the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.Yet the research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda,Nissan,and Toyota achieved about 95percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts –a result of the training that U.S.workers received on the job.More recently,while examining housing construction,the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston,Texas,consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development?We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it.After all,that’s how education got started.When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000years ago,they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved,humanity’s productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in turn afford more education.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education,however,doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.On the contrary,constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.Text 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.Progress inboth areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social,political,and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies;however,the conventional view thateducation should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.We are fortunate that it is,because buildingnew educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and,as a result,radicallyhigher standards of living.31.The author holds in Paragraph1that the importance of education in poorcountries[A]is subject to groundless doubts.[B]has fallen victim of bias.[C]is conventionally downgraded.[D]has been overestimated.32.It is stated in Paragraph1that the construction of a new educational system[A]challenges economists and politicians.[B]takes efforts of generations.[C]demands priority from the government.[D]requires sufficient labor force.33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S.workforces is that[A]the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B]the Japanese workforce is more productive.[C]the U.S.workforce has a better education.[D]the U.S.workforce is more organized.34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged[A]when people had enough time.[B]prior to better ways of finding food.[C]when people no longer went hungry.[D]as a result of pressure on government.35.According to the last paragraph,development of education[A]results directly from competitive environments.[B]does not depend on economic performance.[C]follows improved productivity.[D]cannot afford political changes.Text4The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.According to the standard history of American philosophy,nowhere else in colonial America was“so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”According to many books and articles,New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding,dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church–important subjects that we may not neglect.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life,we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture,adjusting to New World circumstances.The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England.Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after1629,there were political leaders like John Winthrop,an educated gentleman,lawyer,and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.These men wrote and published extensively,reaching both New World and Old World audiences,and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget,however,that most New Englanders were less well educated.While few craftsmen or farmers,let alone dependents and servants,left literary compositions to be analyzed,it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality.A tailor named John Dane,who emigrated in the late1630s,left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs.Sexual confusion,economic frustrations,and religious hope–all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate,and read the magical words:“Come out from among them,touch no unclean thing,and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.Meanwhile,many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s,as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion.“Our main end was to catch fish.”36.The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England[A]Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B]intellectual interests were encouraged.[C]politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D]intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37.It is suggested in Paragraph2that New Englanders[A]experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B]brought with them the culture of the Old World.[C]paid little attention to southern intellectual life.[D]were obsessed with religious innovations.38.The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay[A]were famous in the New World for their writings.[B]gained increasing importance in religious affairs.[C]abandoned high positions before coming to the New World.[D]created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England.39.The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders wereoften[A]influenced by superstitions.[B]troubled with religious beliefs.[C]puzzled by church sermons.[D]frustrated with family earnings.40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England[A]were mostly engaged in political activities.[B]were motivated by an illusory prospect.[C]came from different intellectual backgrounds.[D]left few formal records for later reference.Part BDirections:In the following text,some segments have been removed.For Questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the1860s,British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena,including human societies,changed over time, advancing toward perfection.(41)American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan helped found modern anthropology–the scientific study of human societies,customs and beliefs–thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists.In his work,he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.(42)In the early1900s in North America,German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism,which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.(43)Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.(44)Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that,according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures.(45)Also in the early1900s,French sociologistÉmile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology.Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity.An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European,and especially British,anthropology.[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations,such as inventions,hada single origin and passed from society to society.This theory was known asdiffusionism.[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible,he becameskilled in linguistics,the study of languages,and in physical anthropology,the study of human biology and anatomy.[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the“survival of the fittest,”in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger,more advanced races and societies.[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’ssocial structure,such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E]Thus,in his view,diverse aspects of culture,such as the structure of families,forms of marriage,categories of kinship,ownership of property,forms of government,technology,and systems of food production,all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts thatwork together to keep a society functioning.[G]For example,British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J.Perryincorrectly suggested,on the basis of inadequate information,that farming, pottery making,and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.In fact,all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young.In the former case the education is incidental;it is natural and important,but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience,but this effect is not a part of its original motive.Religious associations began,for example,in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity;systematic labor,for the most part,because of enslavement to others,etc.(47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today,in our industrial life,apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift,the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young,the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact,gains in importance.(48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.(49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50)We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education–that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups,we find very little formal teaching and training.These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions.“White Pollution”is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s)of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions briefly,and2)make two or three suggestions.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2009年全真试题答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.AText 2 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.BText 3 31.D 32.B 33.B 34.C 35.CText 4 36.B 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.CPart B41.C 42.E 43.A 44.B 45.GPart C46.虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是共在丰富和完善人生(经验)方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。