ZL05微型轮式装载机总体设计 02
ZL05型装载机
ZL05型装载机
产品详细参数
拖拉机改装的ZL05型装载机
主要技术参数：
底盘：22马力小四轮拖拉机
外形尺寸(长宽高)：3.5×1.25×2.08米
轮距前/后：900/990mm
轴距：1400mm
离地间隙：245mm
结构质量：1090公斤
发动机型号：1115
启动方式：电启动
标准铲斗容量：0.3立方米
标准铲斗宽度：0.95米(可定做)
额定载重量：500公斤
最大卸载高度：1.9米
最小转弯半径：3米
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ZL05型装载机头
】产品详细参数
ZL05型装载机头，包括前后支架、大臂、连杆、铲斗以及全套液压设备。
只需有一台小四轮拖拉机就可以改装成ZL05型装载机，大部分配件都已安装好，预留有螺丝孔；把前面的柴油机拆掉，螺丝固定好装载机头，然后在后面悬挂件位置装上后支架，再把柴油机固定在后支架上即可。
整个安装过程只需2-3个小时即可完成。
购买装载机头自己改装的优势：
1、可充分利用已有的小四轮拖拉机，改装成本低；
2、或者在当地购买小四轮拖拉机，维修及售后更方便；
2、相对于整车，装载机头总重量要轻很多，体积也要小了很多，所以运输费用也就比较低。
机械工程及自动化精品毕业设计ZL05微型轮式装载机总体设计
Aspects to improve cabin comfort of wheel loaders andexcavators according to operatorsAbstractComfort plays an increasingly important role in interior design of earth moving equipment. Although research has been conducted on vehicle interiors of wheel loa- ders and excavators, hardly any information is known about the operator’s opinion. In this study a questionnaire was completed by machine operators to get their opinion about aspects which need to be improved in order to design a more comfortable vehi- cle interior. The results show that almost half of the operators rate the comfort of th- eir cabin‘‘average’’ or ‘‘poor’’. According to the operators, cab comfort of wheel loaders can be increased by improving seat comfort. Besides improving seat comfort, cabin comfort of excavators can be improved by changing the cab design (including dimensions, ingress/egress), view, reliability, and climate control.Keywords: Cabin comfort; Operators’ opinion; Earth moving equipmen t.1. IntroductionComfort plays an increasingly important role in vehicle design. As machine operators of earth moving equipment often spend long hours in their vehicle— some- times even more than 8 h a day—comfort is a major issue in interior design of these machines.Operating earth-moving machinery is not a physically heavy job and can be sustained for long periods.Nevertheless, operating such a machine appears to be a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders, especially when the task is not interrupted by other working activities or breaks. Zimmerman et al. (1997) showed that the main problems of earth-moving machinery operators concern physical complaints in the neck/ shoulder and low back region, general fatigue and feelings of discomfort. This might be attributed to a combination of static load during prolonged sitting— frequ- ently in awkward postures—exposure to whole body vibrations, and handling and steering the machine(Zimmerman et al., 1997; Tola et al., 1988; de Looze et al.,2000).A comfortable well-designed vehicle interior may reduce awkward postures and provide an environment that stimulates optimal operator performance. Based on a literature review about musculoskeletal disorders and their risk factors, Zimmerman et al. (1997) made four recommendations for reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders among operators: minimizing of magnitude and frequency of vibration rea- ching the operator; locating controls optimally to minimize reach distances, trunkflexion and trunk rotation; providing maximum operator visibility from an upright supported seated posture; and taking regular breaks to minimize the effects of sus- tained postures. Improvements of cab comfort are very often based on reducing the risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (Zimmerman et al., 1997; Attebrant et al., 1997). Only a few studies have mentioned aspects which operators wishto see improved. Nakada (1997) describes the desirability ranking for dump trucks and wheel loaders given by product creators, designers, design engineers, operators and young people. Nakada, (1997) shows that much design attention has been paid to instrument panel/monitors and meters and the operator seat. Unfor- tunately, the operators’ opinions cannot be distinguished in Nakada’s study (1997).However, in order to design a comfortable vehicle interior, the opinion of the operators is important as they are the end-users of the machines. Their user expe- rience may be of great help designing a more comfortable vehicle interior. The aim of the current study is to find aspects mentioned by wheel loader and excavator ope- rators, which can be used to improve the comfort of vehicle interiors in the future. In this article we describe the results of a questionnaire given to 273 machine operators. They were asked their opinion about their current machine, their future demands and aspects they considered important to work well with the machine. This allowed us to identify aspects that need improvement in machine design.2. Method2.1. SubjectsA convenience sample was obtained through approaching operators visiting Ba-uma (the world’s largest exhibition for construction equipment). Most of the parti- cipants were wheel loader operators (n = 61) and excavator operators (n=212). The others (n = 65) were operators of several construction machines (e.g., mobile cranes, dozers, tower cranes, off-road trucks). Only the results for wheel loader and excava- tor operators are presented in this article, as they account for 18% and 62.7% of the total number of respondents respectively. Figs. 1 and 2 show a typical wheel loader and excavator.2.2. QuestionnaireData were collected by means of a questionnaire which was completed during an interview. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: (1) characteristics of the population, (2) evaluation of the current machine being operated, and (3) future de- mands on earthmoving machinery. In the first part we asked the operator’s age, y ears of experience as operator, the kind of machinery being operated and its age. In the se- cond part of the questionnaire, operators evaluated their machine by rating overall comfort and their opinion of specific parts of the machine on a four-point scale (very good, good, average, poor). Finally, two open questions asked about the operator’s f- uture demands: what improvements would make the machine more comfortable and what aspects are the most important to work well with the machine.2.3. Data analysisData were sorted by machine type, after which the responses of wheel loader operators and excavator operators were separately analyzed. Within these groups, operators of older machinery (≥4 years old) were separated from operators of newer machinery (〈4 ye ars old). In addition, the categories ‘‘very good’’ and‘‘good’’ were combined (‘‘very good/good’’) and the categories ‘‘average’’ and ‘‘poor’’ were com- bined(‘‘average/poor’’).Frequency tables were made of the operators opinions about overall machine comfort and about their opinions about specific parts of their machines. Chi-square was calculated between age of machine and overall comfort and between age of ma- chine and the operators’ opinion of specific parts of the machine. We assumed that if fewer than 80% of the operators rated a part of the machine ‘‘good/very good’’, im- provement of this part could contribute to a more comfortable vehicle interior. In part three of the questionnaire, the operators indicated aspects to improve machine com- fort a nd aspects they found necessary to work well with the machine. We classifiedthese aspects into categories and calculated the percentage responses.3. Results3.1. Characteristics of the populationBoth the wheel loader operators (mean age: 36.5±9.4 years) and the excavator operators (mean age: 36.3±9.3 years) who participated in this study, were experien- ced with a mean of 12.3 (±8.1) and 13.4 (±9.2) years of service, respectively. Half of the operators operate machines less than 4 years old (53% of the wheel loader and 50% of the excavator operators).3.2. Evaluation of current machine57.4% of wheel loader operators and 55.9% of the excavator operators rated the overall cabin comfort‘‘good/very good’’. It shows that operators of newer machinery (<4 years old) rated the overall cab comfort as ‘‘good/very good’’ more often than operators of older machines (≥4 years old). This was found both among wheel load- ers (χ2(1)=8.5,p<0.04) and among excavators (χ2(1)=23.0,p<0.001).Seventy-eight percent of the operators driving wheel loaders less than 4 years old, rated the comfort of their machine a s ‘‘good/very good’’.With excavator operators this figure was 81%. These results show that during recent years the experienced cab comfort of excavat- ors and wheel loaders has improved.It illustrates the opinion of the operators about specific parts of the machines less than 4 years old.Fewer aspects of wheel loaders are rated‘‘average/poor’’ by more than 20% of the operators, than excavators. Com- mon aspects which can contribute to increase of cab comfort are dashboard and dis- plays, adjustability of seats and controls, vibration and damping, noise reduction, and seat comfort. Excavator operators would also like to see improvement of climate co- ntrol, improved machine appearance, and better cab dimensions (including interior space, ingress/egress),view, and reliability.3.3. Future demandsThe participants generated 467 items desired to improve the machine’s comfort. We classified these aspects into 15 categories (see Table 2). It shows which features。
ZL50装载机总体及变速箱设计(第二行星排)最终
河北建筑工程学院本科毕业设计（论文）学科专业：班级：姓名：指导教师：摘要Zl50装载机是我国轮式装载机系列中的中型产品，该机是一种较大型的以装卸散状物料为主的工程机械，广泛应用于矿山、基建、道路修筑、港口、货场、煤场等地进行装载、推土、铲挖、起重、牵引等作业。
Zl50装载机属于ZL系列，采用轮式行走系，液力机械传动系，交接时车架，工作装置采用液压操纵，所以该机具有机动性好、转向灵活、生产率高、操纵轻便等优点，另外，该机后桥布置为摆动桥，增加了整机的稳定性，所以该机安全性好。
Zl50装载机采用液力变矩器、动力换挡变速箱、四轮驱动、液压转向、嵌盘式制动器、铰接式车架的先进机构，具有牵引力大、操作方便、转弯半径小、作业效率高等优点。
本设计中采用行星式动力换挡变速箱，它具有3个离合器和3根轴，且轴安装在壳体内，使变速箱结构简单、便于维修。
变速箱具有两个前进挡和一个后退档，可以产生三个速度。
设计步骤简单如下：1.对装载机的总体进行分析，确定总体参数；2.牵引计算，确定出各档及各档传动比；3.对装载机进行整体布置，并绘出总体布置图；4.变速箱的设计，这是本设计中最主要的部分，确定传动比，设计传动简图，配齿计算，得出齿圈、行星轮、太阳轮的齿数，并验算其合理性。
然后进行齿轮设计；5.对离合器，轴、轴承的设计及选择。
关键词：装载机液力机械传动系统行星式动力换挡变速箱ABSTRACTThe loader ZL50 iswheel type and it is more bigger among the series made in our country.It is suitable for loading discharging materials and it applies for mine、capital contuction、road builing 、port、field、coalfield and carries loading 、pushing dust 、diging rising weightThe loader ZL50 is ZL series.It adopts whell type system、liquid engine driving system、ream meet vehcle type、working set of hydraulic pressure contolling.So it has good flexibility 、turn agility high productivity、controlling handiness ets.Its back bridge ,so increases the stability of whole machine,and it has a good securityBeing quipped with advanced devices such as hydraulic torque conventer power shift gearbox four wheel driving、hydraulic chuck disk break and artallated frame .So the loader model ZL50 is featured with high pulling capacity、small turning radius.all of which make it possible for easy operation.thus resulting in the high efficiency of our product .In my design,I adopt counter shaft power shift transmission’s construction is simple and maincenance is easy .the transmission has two forward and one reverse gear ,it can provide three speedsKEY WORDS: lorder liquid engine driving systemHydraulic torque conventer power shift gearbox目录第1章前言 (1)第2章总体设计 (2)2.1 概述 (2)2.2 选择确定总体参数 (2)2.3 装载机底盘部件型式设计 (11)第3章牵引计算 (22)3.1 柴油机与变矩器联合工作的输入与输出特性曲线 (22)3.2 确定档位及各档传动比 (28)3.3 运输工况牵引特性曲线 (31)3.4 求出各档最高车速并分析牵引特性 (33)第4章总体布置 (35)4.1 总体布置草图的基准 (35)4.2 各组成部件的位置 (35)4.3 计算平衡重 (39)4.4 桥荷的分配 (40)4.5 验算轮胎载荷 (42)4.6 总体布置图 (43)第5章行星式动力换挡变速箱设计 (43)5.1传动比的确定 (44)5.2传动简图设计 (45)5.3配齿计算 (47)5.4离合器设计 (53)5.5齿轮设计 (56)5.6轴的设计 (59)5.7轴承的选择计算 (64)第6章毕业设计小节 (66)参考文献 (68)毕业实习报告 (69)附录或后记 (72)附：英文翻译英文原文河北建筑工程学院毕业设计计算书指导教师：η；计算不同工况下相应的涡轮轴转速n2 和计算结果见联合工作时，输出特性曲线计算表N T。
机械设计课程设计zl型
机械设计课程设计zl型一、课程目标知识目标：1. 学生能理解并掌握zl型机械设计的基本原理和结构特点。
2. 学生能够运用所学的机械设计知识，分析并解决zl型机械设计中的实际问题。
3. 学生能够描述并解释zl型机械设计中涉及的关键参数和计算方法。
技能目标：1. 学生能够运用CAD软件绘制zl型机械设计的示意图和详细图。
2. 学生能够运用相关工具和设备进行zl型机械部件的组装和调试。
3. 学生能够运用分析软件对zl型机械设计进行性能评估和优化。
情感态度价值观目标：1. 培养学生对机械设计的兴趣，激发创新意识和探索精神。
2. 培养学生团队合作意识，学会与他人合作解决问题。
3. 培养学生关注工程实际，注重实践与理论相结合的价值观念。
课程性质：本课程为实践性较强的学科，强调理论知识与实际应用的结合。
学生特点：学生处于高年级阶段，具有一定的机械设计基础和动手能力。
教学要求：结合学生特点，注重培养学生的学习兴趣和实际操作能力，提高解决实际问题的综合素质。
通过课程目标的分解，将知识、技能和情感态度价值观的培养贯穿于教学过程中，以便后续教学设计和评估的顺利进行。
二、教学内容1. zl型机械设计原理：介绍zl型机械设计的基本原理，包括力学原理、材料力学性质、运动学和动力学基础。
教材章节：第二章 机械设计原理内容列举：zl型机械结构组成、工作原理、力学分析。
2. zl型机械结构设计：讲解zl型机械结构设计方法，包括部件设计、装配关系、强度计算等。
教材章节：第三章 机械结构设计内容列举：zl型机械部件设计、装配工艺、强度校核。
3. zl型机械设计CAD软件应用：学习运用CAD软件进行zl型机械设计的绘图和仿真。
教材章节：第四章 CAD软件应用内容列举：CAD软件基本操作、绘图技巧、三维建模、运动仿真。
4. zl型机械部件组装与调试：介绍zl型机械部件的组装工艺、调试方法及注意事项。
教材章节：第五章 机械部件组装与调试内容列举：组装工艺、调试步骤、故障排除。
ZLl装载机工作装置液压研究设计
目录摘要错误！未定义书签。
ABSTRACT错误！未定义书签。
绪论错误！未定义书签。
1 ZL50轮式装载机总体参数的确定21.1轮式装载机的基本组成21.2轮式装载机的工作原理31.3轮式装载机总体参数的确定31.3.1装载机动臂提升、下降、及铲斗前倾时间确定91.4ZL50轮式装载机的总体布置101.5各部件布置的具体要求[6]101.6控制桥荷力分配111.7ZL50轮式装载机的稳定性计算错误！未定义书签。
2 液压系统的初步介绍错误！未定义书签。
2.1液压系统的工作原理错误！未定义书签。
2.2液压系统的组成部分错误！未定义书签。
2.3液压传动的优点错误！未定义书签。
2.4液压传动的缺点错误！未定义书签。
2.5技术要求错误！未定义书签。
2.6ZL50轮式装载机液压系统设计已明确的参数错误！未定义书签。
3 液压系统设计错误！未定义书签。
3.1制定液压系统方案错误！未定义书签。
3.1.1油路循环方式的分析与选择[9]错误！未定义书签。
3.1.2确定液压执行元件的形式错误！未定义书签。
3.1.3各机构液压回路的确定错误！未定义书签。
3.2绘制液压系统原理图错误！未定义书签。
3.2.1铲斗收起与前倾错误！未定义书签。
3.2.2动臂升降错误！未定义书签。
3.3确定液压系统的主要参数错误！未定义书签。
3.3.1液压缸载荷组成[10]错误！未定义书签。
3.3.2初选系统工作压力错误！未定义书签。
3.3.3计算液压缸的主要结构尺寸错误！未定义书签。
3.3.4计算液压缸所需流量[12]错误！未定义书签。
3.3.5计算液压执行元件的实际工作压力错误！未定义书签。
3.4液压元件的选择与专用件设计错误！未定义书签。
3.4.1液压泵的选择错误！未定义书签。
3.4.2液压阀的选择错误！未定义书签。
3.4.3辅元件的选择错误！未定义书签。
3.5液压系统的性能验算错误！未定义书签。
3.5.1液压系统压力损失[14]错误！未定义书签。
zl50装载机设计说明书
1 绪论装载机概述1.1.1 装载机简介装载机属于铲土运输机械类，是一种通过安装在前端一个完整的铲斗支撑结构和连杆，随机器向前运动进行装载或挖掘，以及提升、运输和卸载的自行式履带或轮胎机械。
它广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口和矿山等工程建设。
装载机具有作业速度快、效率高、机动性好、操作轻便等优点，因此成为工程建设中土石方施工的主要机种之一，对于加快工程建设速度，减轻劳动强度，提高工程质量，降低工程成本都发挥着重要的作用，是现代机械化施工中不可缺少的装备之一。
1.1.2 装载机的主要技术性能参数标志装载机的主要技术性能参数有铲斗容量、额定载重量、发动机额定功率、整机质量、最大行驶速度、最小转弯半径、最大牵引力、最大掘起力、最大卸载高度、卸载距离、工作装置动作三项和等。
（1）铲斗容量一般指铲斗的额定容量，为铲斗平装容量与堆尖部分体积之和，用 m3 表示。
（2）额定载重量指在保证装载机稳定工作的前提下，铲斗的最大载重量，单位为 kg 。
（3）发动机额定功率发动机额定功率又称发动机标定功率或总功率，是表明装载机作业能力的一项重要参数。
发动机功率分为有效功率和总功率，有效功率是指在29°C 和746mmHg（1mmHg=）压力情况下，在发动机飞轮上实有的功率（也称飞轮功率）。
国产装载机上所标有的功率一般指总功率，即包括发动机有效功率和风扇、燃油泵、润滑油泵、滤清器等辅助设备所消耗的功率。
单位为 kw。
（4）整机质量（工作质量）指装载机设备应有的工作装置和随机工具，加足燃油，润滑系统、液压系统和冷却系统都加足液体，并且带有规定形式和尺寸的空载铲斗和司机标定质量（75kg±3kg）时的主机质量。
它关系到装载机使用的经济性、可靠性和附着性能，单位为 kg 。
（5）最大行驶速度指铲斗空载，装载机行驶于坚硬的地面上，前进和后退各档能达到最大速度，它影响装载机的生产率和安排施工方案，单位为 km/h 。
轮胎式装载机总体方案毕业设计及变速箱结构设计(5吨)
附件A：毕业设计（论文）任务书设计（论文）中文题目：轮胎式装载机总体方案设计及变速箱结构设计（5吨）本课题是结合生产企业产品设计，研发，生产制造的具体项目的相关技术设计任务。
其主要内容包括1 轮胎式装载机作业行驶载荷特性分析2 装载机机械系统总体牵引性能参数分析计算3 动力系统配置及传动方案设计4 液力机械传动发动机与液力变矩器联合输入输出特性曲线绘制5 传动系统设计6 变速箱结构设计工作要求1、广泛收集、查阅相关资料、文献，制定可行的工作计划;2、机械系统总体设计技术参数选配合理；3、结构设计保证运行可靠、机构设计有所创新；4、运用现代设计方法及CAD技术；5、提交设计图纸、文档、说明书，要求规范；进度安排序号设计（论文）工作内容时间（起止周数）1 课题调研、收集、查阅文献资料5周至周2 撰写开题报告、拟定工作计划6周至周3 确定机械系统设计方案及总体设计参数7周至8 周4 工作载荷分析计算及发动机配置计算9周至10 周5 机械结构设计、计算11周至12 周6 工程图纸绘制13周至14 周7 撰写设计说明书15周至17 周8 周至周主要参考文献：1．《轮式装载机设计》，吉林工业大学，中国建筑工业出版社2．《工程机械底盘构造与设计》，同济大学，中国建筑工业出版社3．《矿山机械》，冶金工业出版社4．《工程机械发动机与底盘构造》，吉林工业大学，机械工业出版社5．《矿山装载机设计》，东北工业学院，机械工业出版社6．《铲土运输机械设计与计算》，武汉水利电力学院7．《底盘设计》，吉林工业大学8．《机械设计》，重庆大学9．《车辆液力传动》，国防工业出版社10．《机械设计手册》，重庆大学11．《ZL50C装载机使用维护说明书》，柳州工程机械12．《ZL50C装载机零件图册》，柳州工程机械厂指导教师签字：陈器20**年1 月9 日系（教研室）负责人审查意见：签字：年月日学生签字：年月日说明：1、任务书由指导教师填写，于第七学期（五年制第九学期）期末前下达给学生。
ZL50装载机工作装置的设计
摘要轮式装载机是以轮胎式拖拉机为基础车，安装上铲斗作为工作装置的一种土方工程机械。
装载机的工作装置由铲斗、连杆、摇臂、动臂、转斗油缸、举升油缸组成，装载机的工作装置的合理性直接影响装载机的生产效率、工作负荷、动力与运动特性等。
本文参阅了大量的装载机设计的参考书，选择反转六连杆机构这种结构形式作为所设计的装载机的工作装置的结构。
本文根据任务书中的要求，利用经验公式来计算确定铲斗的结构参数，装载机结构参数设计上，利用图解法确定动臂与铲斗、摇臂、机架，连杆与铲斗和摇臂等各个铰接点的位置，并对工作装置的各个部件的强度进行校核。
最后文中对装载机的工作装置的限位机构进行了简要的介绍，最后利用AutoCAD对装载机工作装置的各零部件的结构参数进行详细的结构设计。
关键词：轮式装载机，工作装置，结构参数, 铰接点，校核AbstractWheel loaders are based on car tires tractor, installation on a bucket as a working device earthmoving machinery. By a bucket loader working device, connecting rods, rocker, boom, the bucket cylinder, lifting cylinder components, Devices loader loader directly affect the rationality of production efficiency, workload, dynamic and kinematic characteristics.This paper reviews a number of loader design reference books, select Reverse six linkage form such a structure designed as a loader working device structures. This book, based on the requirements of the task, Empirical formula to calculate the structural parameters of the bucket, Loader design of structural parameters, a graphical method to determine the boom and bucket, arm, chassis, connecting rod and rocker arm and bucket pivot point in various positions, then the text of the bucket by the force of a typical way of a detailed analysis, the working device and the strength of the various components to be checked. Finally the text of the loader working device limiting mechanism are briefly introduced, and finally the use of AutoCAD loader working device on the structural parameters of the various components detailed structural design.Keywords: Wheel loaders, work equipment, architecture, design目录摘要 (I)Abstract .............................................................................................. I I 1 绪论 (5)1.1国内外研究情况及其发展 (5)1.2装载机工作装置设计的趋势 (7)1.3 本课题的研究目的及意义 (8)2 装载机工作装置总体方案确定 (9)2.1装载机工作装置设计要求 (9)2.2装载机工作装置形式选择 (11)2.3装载机工作装置设计参数的确定 (12)2.5 本章小结 (14)3装载机工作装置结构设计 (15)3.1铲斗设计 (15)3.2工作机构连杆系统的尺寸参数设计 (19)3.3 动臂举升油缸的设计 (23)3.4连杆机构的设计 (24)3.5工作装置的强度校核 (27)3.6工作装置连接设计 (35)3.7本章小结 (38)4 装载机工作装置液压系统设计 (39)4.1转斗油缸及举臂油缸的设计计算 (39)4.2油缸结构设计 (40)4.3稳定性校核 (40)4.4本章小结 (41)5 总结与展望 (42)5.1 结论 (42)5.2 不足与展望 (43)参考文献 (44)附录 ................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
ZL50装载机毕业设计说明书(修订版)
机械专业毕业设计液压驱动煤矿装载机总体及传动部分设计学院：机械与动力工程学院指导教师：班级：学号：姓名：摘要装载机是一种广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口、矿山等建设工程的土石方施工机械，它主要用于铲装土壤、砂石、石灰、煤炭等散状物料，也可对矿石、硬土等作轻度铲挖作业。
换装不同的辅助工作装置还可进行推土、起重和其他物料如木材的装卸作业。
在道路，特别是在高等级公路施工中，装载机还用于路基工程的填挖，沥青混合料和水泥混凝土料场的集料与装料等作业。
此外还可进行推运土壤、刮平地面和牵引其他机械等作业。
由于装载机具有作业速度快、效率高、机动性好、操作轻便等优点，因此它成为工程建设中土石方施工的主要机种之一。
本次设计报告共包括四个部分，是对整个设计过程的描述和总结。
第一部分：前言；第二部分：正文；第三部分：结论；第四部分：参考文献。
其中，正文的内容有：(1)矿用装载机机型的确定，总体部分的参数确定和机构形式的确定，(2)传动部分相关齿轮的设计校核，各个构件的转速确定，构件扭矩的计算及校核，液压换挡操纵油路的确定。
关键词：总体参数，液力变矩器，变速箱，离合器AbstractLoader is a widely used in highway, railway, construction, utilities, ports, mines and other construction projects earthwork construction machinery, it is mainly used for loading shovel of soil, sand, lime, coal and other bulk materials, but also on the ore , slightly hard soil such as digging shovel operation. Dress can be different for earth-moving equipment auxiliary work, lifting and other materials such as timber loading and unloading operations. The road, especially in highway construction, the loader is also used for foundation excavation and filling works, asphalt and cement concrete aggregate material site and loading and other operations. In addition also the pushing of soil, ground and traction Calibrating other mechanical and other operations. As with the operating speed loader, high efficiency, mobility, easy operation, etc., so it becomes the construction of earth and stone construction in one of the main models.The design report includes four chapters, the entire design process is described and summarized. Part I: Introduction; Part II: Text; Part III: Conclusion; Part IV: Reference. Among them, the body includes: (1) mining loader models to determine the overall parameters of some form of identification and determination of institutions, (2) the design of gear transmission part related to verification, to determine the speed of each component, component twist moment calculation and checking, the determination of the hydraulic shift control circuit.Key words: general parameters, torque converter, gearbox, clutch目录第一章前言 (5)1.1 设计目的 (5)1.2 选题意义 (5)1.3 装载机的分类 (5)1.4 选用原则 (7)1.5 主要部件 (7)1.6 国内外装载机的现状及发展趋势 (8)第二章装载机总体设计 (10)2.1 机型的确定 (10)2.1.1 行走装置的选择 (10)2.1.2 传动形式的选择 (10)2.2 装载机总体参数的确定 (10)2.2.1 基本参数的确定 (11)2.2.2 装载机的桥荷力分配 (11)2.2.3 铲斗的后倾角与卸载角 (12)2.2.4 发动机功率 (13)2.3 装载机的总体布置 (13)2.3.1总体布置的内容 (13)2.3.2 总体布置的原则 (13)2.3.3 总体布置的基准选择 (14)2.3.4 对各部件布置的具体要求 (14)2.4 装载机的稳定性 (16)第三章液力变矩器设计 (17)3.1 传动系的分类及其应用范围 (17)3.2 液力变矩器的结构及工作原理 (22)3.3 液力变矩器的基本特性参数 (23)3.4 液力变矩器设计 (24)3.4.1 变矩器的力矩计算方程 (24)3.5 液力变矩器形式的选择 (26)3.5.1 变矩器性能的评价指标 (26)3.5.2 液力变矩器的类型 (27)3.6 液力变矩器的输出轴转速的计算及有效直径D的计算 (30)3.7 提高变矩器反拖性能的措施 (32)3.8 变矩器的结构设计 (35)第四章动力换挡行星变速箱的设计 (35)4.1 传动系总传动比的分配 (36)4.1.1 装载机各档传动比的确定 (36)4.1.2 各档传动比的分配 (37)4.2 变速箱的设计 (37)4.2.1 传动方案的选择及传动简图的设计 (37)4.2.2 行星排特性参数的确定 (40)4.3 变速箱中相关齿轮的计算与校核 (40)4.3.1 配齿计算 (40)4.3.2 传动效率的计算 (41)4.3.3 行星排中各齿轮的相关参数计算 (41)4.4 各档工作时各构件的转速 (42)4.5 变速箱工作时各构件扭矩的计算 (43)4.5.1 变速箱各档输入扭矩的确定 (43)4.5.2 变速箱上各构件扭矩的计算 (44)4.6 变速箱各零部件的校核 (45)4.6.1 行星排中各相关齿轮的强度校核 (45)4.6.2 变速箱输出轴齿轮的设计与校核 (50)4.6.3 变速箱输出轴的设计与校核 (52)4.6.4 输出轴轴承的选择及其校核 (55)4.6.5 离合器的计算及其校核 (56)4.7 装载机液压换挡操纵油路 (57)第五章结论 (60)参考文献 (61)第一章前言1.1 设计目的毕业设计是学生理论联系实际的重要课题，是学生综合运用，巩固基础理论，专业技术和专业知识的机会。
ZL50轮式装载机总体及工作装置设计
摘要装载机属于铲土运输机械类，是一种通过安装在前端一个完整的铲斗支撑结构和连杆，随机器向前运动进行装载或挖掘，以及提升、运输和卸载的自行式机械。
它广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口和矿山等工程建设。
装载机具有作业速度快、效率高、机动性好、操作轻便等优点，因此成为工程建设中土石方施工的主要机种之一，对于加快工程建设速度，减轻劳动强度，提高工程质量，降低工程成本都发挥着重要的作用，是现代机械化施工中不可缺少的装备之一。
这次设计采用先进的现代设计方法，对这种轮式装载机工作装置进行了总体设计到零部件设计。
主要包括轮式装载机工作装置的关键零部件，如铲斗、连杆机构以及转斗油缸、举升油缸等，并对重要零件进行了刚度、强度分析。
应用CAXA软件对轮式装载机工作装置整体进行设计。
关键词：装载机；机械化；工作装置AbstractLoader of soil belonging to the transport machinery，Through the installation of a front-end in a bucket full support structure and linkage, Random forward movement for loading or excavation, And the upgrading, transportation and unloading of self-propelled machinery. It widely used in highway, railway, construction, utilities, ports and mines, and other construction projects. Loader is operating speed, high efficiency, good mobility, the advantages of operating the Light, So as the construction of earth and stone in the construction of one of the main machine, speed up the construction speed and reduce labor intensity and improve quality, lower costs of the project has played an important role in the construction of a modern mechanized equipment indispensable one.The design of the modern use of advanced design methods, wheel loaders working on such a device design to design components. Wheel Loader work includes installation of critical components, such as the bucket, linkage and the fuel tank to the bucket, lifting the oil tanks, and carry out important parts of the stiffness, strength analysis. Application of CAXA software installed on the wheel loader work for the overall design and its use of this design three-dimensional display of expression.Keywords：Loader；Mechanization；Work-Equipment目录1绪论 (1)1.1 轮式装载机概述 (1)1.1.1 装载机简介 (1)1.1.2 装载机的主要技术性能参数 (1)1.1.3 装载机的用途 (3)1.1.4 装载机的分类 (3)1.2 装载机应用技术发展 (4)1.2.1 国外装载机发展现状 (4)1.2.2 国外装载机发展趋势 (5)1.2.3 国内装载机发展现状 (5)1.2.4 国内装载机发展趋势 (5)2 装载机工作装置总体设计 (6)2.1 工作装置的总体结构与布置 (6)2.2 工作装置连杆机构的结构形式与特点 (8)2.3 工作装置自由度的计算 (13)2.4 工作装置总体设计 (15)3 ZL50 装载机工作装置设计 (16)3.1 工作装置的设计要求 (16)3.1.1 工作装置工作性能 (16)3.1.2 对工作装置的要求 (16)3.2 铲斗设计 (16)3.2.1 铲斗的结构形式 (17)3.2.2 铲斗的分类 (19)3.2.3 铲斗断面形状和基本参数确定 (20)3.2.4 铲斗容量的计算 (23)3.3 工作装置连杆系统设计 (24)3.3.1 机构分析 (24)3.3.2 尺寸参数设计 (25)3.3.3 连杆系统运动分析 (31)3.4 工作装置静力学分析及强度校核 (35)3.4.1 静力学分析 (35)3.4.2 强度校核 (41)3.5 液压缸设计 (43)3.5.1 液压缸的类型和结构 (43)3.5.2 液压缸基本参数设计 (43)4 结论 (46)5 技术经济分析 (47)6 致谢 (48)参考文献 (49)附录A (50)附录B (57)1绪论1.1 轮式装载机概述1.1.1装载机简介装载机属于铲土运输类的机械，是一种通过安装在前端的一个完整的铲斗用来支撑结构和连杆，随着机器向前运动并进行装载或挖掘，以及提升、运输和卸载的自行式的履带或轮胎机械设备。