应用语言学简介

The moderate view: This is represented by J. Richard et al ( 1985 ), who compiled Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. According to them, applied linguistics refers to “ applied linguistics of language teaching”, rather than to the broader applications of language study in such area as medicine, law, stylistics, language planning or dictionary compilation.
As applied linguistics is a comparatively new discipline, there is yet no consensus of opinions as to what its definition is and how wide its scope should be. However, the different views on its definition and scope fall into three general categories:
Applied linguistics
应用语言学（乐眉云）第一讲 王燕芳
Unit 1 What is Applied Linguistics?





A brief history Definition and scope The role of applied linguistics Theoretical bases The nature of applied linguistics Applied linguistics and the language teacher Discussion questions
A brief history (abroad)

In 1870 Polish linguist J. Baudouin de Courtenay （ 博杜 恩 德 库尔特内）—— “applied linguistics”, the distinction between pure linguistics and applied linguistics and the purpose of applied linguistics.

in the 1960s Generally speaking, people thought the mid-1960s was the developing period of applied linguistics. In 1964, the first world conference of Applied Linguistics was held in Nancy, France, and the International Association of Applied Linguistics was set up. This marked the recognition of the status of applied linguistics as an independent discipline.
in the 1940s In 1946, the University of Michigan founded the English Language Institute. Under the guidance of Charles C. Fries and Robert Lado, people there studied problems of teaching English to foreigners. They published the famous journal Language Learning, subtitled Journal of Applied Linguistics（1949）. It was the first journal in the world to have the term ― applied linguistics in its title.

in the 1950s In the 1950s, along with the revolution brought about by Chomsky, linguistics shook off the fetters of structuralism. This paved the way for the development of the hybrid disciplines such as sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics.
Definition and scope
Roughly speaking, applied linguistics is using what we know about (a) language, (b) how it is learned and (c) how it is used, in order to achieve some purposes or solve some problems in the real world. Those purposes are many and varied.
development of applied linguistics in China
When appliedБайду номын сангаасlinguistics developed quickly abroad, China happened to undergo the Cultural Revolution. Not until the 10 -year Cultural Revolution was over did foreign language teachers have chance to study applied linguistics. However, applied linguistics develops quickly.
1) The narrow view: This is represented by R. L. Politzer, who discusses applied linguistics with particular reference to foreign language teaching. He notes that applied linguistics in foreign language teaching requires the use of linguistics to formulate assumptions. “Applied linguistics” he says, “… is ultimately a habit, a way of using linguistic conceptualization to define and solve pedagogical problems”




1. introductory linguistics, including phonology, phonetics, syntax, morphology and semantics 2. English grammar ( or the grammar of the language the student is specializing in ) 3. discourse analysis 4. sociolinguistics, including the sociology of language and communicative competence 5. psycholinguistics, including first and second language acquisition SLA, contrastive analysis, error analysis and learning theories

Why did applied linguistics develop so quick in the 1960s?
There are 4 reasons (Gui,1988: 11): The needs of practice. The developing of linguistics itself . The developing of education. The maturity of applied linguistics.
The broad view: This is represented by David Crystal (1981) and L. Pap(1972) says that applied linguistics “may in effect be considered as a crossroad, an interdisciplinary area, a combination of linguistics with psychology, pedagogy, mathematics, electronics, political science, and so forth.” In the broad view, therefore, “any definable area of human endeavor” to which “ the investigation of the theories, methods and empirical findings of linguistics could be applied” falls into the scope of applied linguistics.

They say , “… in general usage, the term refers to the study of language teaching and learning”. In their view, the content and subject matter of the applied linguistics of language teaching and learning generally include the following areas of study:
In 1980, with the joint initiation, the Conference of Applied Linguistics and English Teaching was held. In 1985, the International Conference of the Teaching of English in China was held in Guangzhou which was jointly initiated by the Research Association of The Teaching of English in China and Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute. Since 1978, Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute has begun to enroll graduates of linguistics and applied linguistics.



6. the teaching of listening, speaking, reading and writing 7. the methodology of language teaching, including methods, course and syllabus design 8.language testing and basic statistics