无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第2章
无机材料专业英语Unit 1 and Unit 2
Unit 1 Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials science材料科学Stone age石器时代Naked eye肉眼Bronze age铜器时代Optical property光学性能Integrated circuit集成电路Mechanical strength机械强度Thermal conductivity导热“Materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast ,”materials engineering “is ,on the basis of there structure property correlations ,designing or engineering the structure of a material that produce a predetermined set of properties。
，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
从功能方面来说，材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical ,and deteriorative。
固体材料的所有重要的性质可以分成六个不同的种类，机械性能、电性能、热性能、磁性能、光性能和内耗。
In addition to structure and properties , two other important components are involved in the sciences and engineering of materials , namely“processing”and“performance”.除了组织性能之外，另外两个重要的性质也包括在材料科学和工程之中，即“加工”和“特性”The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationship，as well as processing techniques of material，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria。
材料工程专业英语 UNIT SIX-LESSON TWO
parameter 参数，参量
coordination 相互位置
surface finish 表面光洁度
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(c)The degree of coincidence of the real parameters obtained after a part is manufactured, with the parameters defined in part design, represents the manufacturing quality of the part. For the convenience of analysis, the degree of coincidence between the real macro-geometrical parameters (dimension, shape and coordination) of a part obtained after machining, and those specified in part design is defined as machining accuracy. The degree of coincidence between the real micro-geometrical parameters (surface finish) and the parameters of the physic-mechanical properties of part surfaces, obtained after machining a part, with those specified in part design is defined as surface quality. Other physical and chemical parameters are involved only in some special cases.
材料科学与工程专业英语Unit2ClassificationofMaterials译文
Unit 2 Classification of MaterialsSolid materials have been conveniently grouped into three basic classifications: metals, ceramics, and polymers. This scheme is based primarily on chemical makeup and atomic structure, and most materials fall into one distinct grouping or another, although there are some intermediates. In addition, there are three other groups of important engineering materials —composites, semiconductors, and biomaterials.译文：译文：固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。
固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。
固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。
这个分类是首先基于这个分类是首先基于化学组成和原子结构来分的，化学组成和原子结构来分的，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，尽管有许多中间品。
尽管有许多中间品。
除此之外，此之外， 有三类其他重要的工程材料－复合材料，半导体材料和生物材料。
有三类其他重要的工程材料－复合材料，半导体材料和生物材料。
Composites consist of combinations of two or more different materials, whereas semiconductors are utilized because of their unusual electrical characteristics; biomaterials are implanted into the human body. A brief explanation of the material types and representative characteristics is offered next.译文：复合材料由两种或者两种以上不同的材料组成，然而半导体由于它们非同寻常的电学性质而得到使用；生物材料被移植进入人类的身体中。
无机非金属材料专业外语
科技英语基础，同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻
译特点等等。
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1.2 学习专业英语的重要性
(1) 科研信息获取 专业英语阅读能力
当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中90％以上都 是英语。
世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对 于 化学工程、材料科 学等专业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出观。
If possible, the purification of raw material should be done piror to the mixing. 可能的话，原材料的提纯应该在混合之前进行。 2) As illustrated in Fig.1, a fixed bed reactor is used in the batch process. As in Fig.1, a fixed bed reactor is used in the batch process.
语法特点
客观性（Objective）、准确性（accuracy）和精练性(conciseness)。 (1) 广泛使用被动语态 (2) 广泛使用非谓语形式 (3) 省略句使用频繁 (4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁 (5) 复杂长句使用频繁 (6) 后置形容词短语作定语多
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2.1 Grammar Features
(2) What does a coat do? It protects the metal from corrosion. The function of a coat is to protect the metal from corrosion.
涂层的作用就是保护金属不被腐蚀。
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2.1 Grammar Features
无机非金属材料工程专业英语
无机非金属材料工程专业英语一、无机非金属材料概论中文英文无机非金属材料inorganic non-metallic materials 定义definition分类classification组成composition结构structure性能properties制备方法preparation methods应用领域application fields陶瓷ceramics玻璃glass耐火材料refractories水泥cement石膏gypsum石棉asbestos碳素材料carbon materials石墨graphite碳纤维carbon fiber碳纳米管carbon nanotube钻石diamond全氟聚合物fluoropolymer聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)聚偏氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)聚合物陶瓷polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs)氧化物陶瓷oxide ceramics氧化铝alumina (Al2O3)氧化锆zirconia (ZrO2)氧化镁magnesia (MgO)氧化钛titania (TiO2)非氧化物陶瓷non-oxide ceramics氮化硅silicon nitride (Si3N4)氮化铝aluminium nitride (AlN)碳化硅silicon carbide (SiC)碳化钨tungsten carbide (WC)碳化钛titanium carbide (TiC)二、物理化学中文英文物理化学physical chemistry物质matter结构structure组成composition性质properties变化规律laws of change分子运动论kinetic theory of molecules分子molecule原子atom离子ion气体gas液体liquid固体solid理想气体ideal gas真实气体real gas相平衡phase equilibrium相phase相图phase diagram相规则phase rule单元系unary system二元系binary system三元系ternary system溶液理论solution theory溶液solution溶剂solvent溶质solute浓度concentration摩尔分数mole fraction理想溶液ideal solution非理想溶液non-ideal solutionRaoult定律Raoult's lawHenry定律Henry's law三、无机材料科学基础中文英文无机材料科学基础fundamentals of inorganic materials science 无机材料inorganic materials结构structure性能properties结构-性能关系structure-property relationship晶体结构crystal structure晶体系统crystal system点阵类型lattice type空间群space group单胞参数lattice parameters基元胞primitive cell单位胞unit cell四、热工基础中文英文热工基础thermal engineering fundamentals热力学thermodynamics传热学heat transfer流体力学fluid mechanics热工学科thermal engineering disciplines 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力系统thermodynamic system系统边界system boundary系统状态system state状态方程equation of state过程process循环cycle工作物质working substance理想气体ideal gas气体常数gas constant温度temperature压力pressure体积volume内能internal energy热容heat capacity比热容specific heat capacity焓enthalpy熵entropy自由能free energy吉布斯函数Gibbs function卡诺循环Carnot cycle热效率thermal efficiency 反向卡诺循环reversed Carnot cycle制冷系数coefficient of performance传导传热heat conduction傅里叶定律Fourier's law热导率thermal conductivity热阻thermal resistance稳态传热steady-state heat transfer非稳态传热transient heat transfer对流传热heat convection对流换热系数convection heat transfer coefficient 力对流forced convection自然对流natural convection努塞尔特数Nusselt number辐射传热heat radiation斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律Stefan-Boltzmann law黑体blackbody发射率emissivity吸收率absorptivity反射率reflectivity透射率transmissivity灰体graybody视域因子view factor流体静力学fluid statics流体fluid密度density粘度viscosity表面张力surface tension液压hydrostatics帕斯卡定律Pascal's law流体运动方程equations of fluid motion质量守恒方程continuity equation动量守恒方程momentum equation能量守恒方程energy equation雷诺数Reynolds number理想流体ideal fluid实际流体real fluid层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow边界层boundary layer阻力drag升力lift伯努利方程Bernoulli's equation皮托管Pitot tube五、无机非金属材料物理性能中文英文无机非金属材料物理性能physical properties of inorganic non-metallic materials 电学性能electrical properties磁学性能magnetic properties光学性能optical properties声学性能acoustic properties热学性能thermal properties电导率electrical conductivity电阻率electrical resistivity电容率electrical capacitance介电常数dielectric constant压电效应piezoelectric effect热电效应thermoelectric effect光电效应photoelectric effect半导体性质semiconductor properties铁电性质ferroelectric properties磁导率magnetic permeability磁化率magnetic susceptibility磁滞回线hysteresis loop铁磁性质ferromagnetic properties反铁磁性质antiferromagnetic properties顺磁性质paramagnetic properties抗磁性质diamagnetic properties光学常数optical constants折射率refractive index反射率reflectance吸收率absorbance透射率transmittance色散现象dispersion phenomenon双折射现象birefringence phenomenon声速sound velocity声阻抗acoustic impedance。
材料科学与工程 专业外语 2
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Diamond structure in a different orientation showing the tetrahedral structure a bit more clearly. As above, carbon atoms at the corners of the tetrahedral are dark gray, those in the middle are light gray
Chemistry and Advanced Materials; Materials Research: Today and Future
2
Structure-Property Relationships of Materials；
Structure of Materials
It should be clear that all matter is made of atoms. From the periodic table, it can be seen that there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms in the entire Universe. These 100 atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings. Metals behave differently than ceramics, and ceramics behave differently than polymers. The properties of matter depend on which atoms are used and how they are bonded together.
材料科学专业英语第二章翻译
ferrous alloys铁合金More than 90% by weight of the metallic materials used by human beings are ferrous alloy. This represents an immense family of engineering materials with a wide range of microstructures and related properties. The majority of engineering designs that require structural load support or power transmission involve ferrous alloys. As a practical matter, those alloys fall into two broad categories based on the carbon in the alloy composition. Steel generally contains between wc=0.05% and wc=4.5%.超过90%的重量的金属材料使用的人类是铁合金。
这是一个巨大的工程材料的家庭与广泛的微观结构和相关的属性。
大部分的工程设计,需要结构性的负载支持或电力传输涉及铁合金。
作为一个实际问题,这些合金分为两大类基于碳在合金成分。
钢一般包含在wc = 0.05%和wc = 4.5%。
Within the steel category,we shall other than carbon is used.A compositon of 5% total noncarbon high alloy steels. Those alloy additions are chosen carefully becouse they invariably bring with them sharply increased material costs. They are justified only by essential improvements in improvements such as higher strength or improved corrosion resistance在钢的类别,我们将使用碳。
The professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials(无机非金属专业一些专业词汇)
The Professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic MaterialsA.Translation1.We define ceramics as the art and science of making and using solid articles which have as their essentialcomponent ,and are composed in large part of, inorganic nonmetallic materials.我们把陶瓷学定义为制造和应用由无机非金属材料作为基本组分组成的固体制品的技术和科学。
2.The origination of novel ceramic materials and new methods of manufacture requires us to take afundamental approach to the art and science and a broad view of the field.新颖的陶瓷材料和新的制造方法的出现，要求我们对这种技艺和科学进行基础性的探讨，并且要对相关领域有更广泛的认识。
3.Perhaps even more important than being useful or necessary of themselves are those situations inwhich the feasibility or effectiveness of a large system depends critically on its ceramic components.也许比陶瓷本身的实用性或必要性更为重要的是，一个大的系统是否切实可行或有效，在很大程度上取决于这一系统中所使用的陶瓷组件。
4.This leverage in the importance of ceramic materials has in many cases led to intensive research toward abetter understanding of properties, often out of all proportion to their dollar value.在很多情况下，陶瓷材料所具有的举足轻重的地位导致了对其进行深入的研究，以便更好地了解它的性能。
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
LearningObjectives
After careful study of this chapter you should be able to do the following: 1. Name the two atomic models cited, and note the differences between them. 2. Describe the important quantum-mechanical principle （量子 理论）that relates to electron energies. 3. (a) Schematically plot attractive, repulsive, and net energies versus interatomic separation for two atoms or ions. (b) Note on this plot the equilibrium separation and the bonding energy. 4. (a) Briefly describe ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, and van der Waals bonds. (b) Note what materials exhibit each of these bonding types.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Chapter 2 Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding
Covalent Bond(SiO2 B2O3)
Metallic bond
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Hale Waihona Puke tabulate vt. 列成表格 Pauli exclusion principle 包 利不相容原理 tungsten 钨 Predominate支配 掌握 typify 作为 的代表 Proton 质子 valence electrons价电子 Quantize 使量子化
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Ion离子 Ionic 离子的 Cation阳离子↔ Anion阴离 子 Isotopes 同位素 Magnitude 大小 量级 shield 防护物质 Mercury汞 Mole 摩尔 spatial orientation 空间取向 Neutron 中子 Overlap 交叠
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Introduction
Some of the important properties of solid materials depend on geometrical (几何的) atomic arrangements (原子排 列), and also the interactions that exist among constituent (component 组元、成分) atoms or molecules. This chapter, by way of preparation for subsequent discussions, considers several fundamental and important concepts, namely: atomic structure (原子结构), electron configurations (分布) in atoms and the periodic table(周 期表), and the various types of primary and secondary interatomic bonds that hold together the atoms comprising (consisting of ) a solid. These topics are reviewed briefly, under the assumption （假设） thatsome of the material is familiar to (为熟悉) the reader.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
What should you be able to do after studying this chapter?
Name and explain the primary or chemical bond found in solids.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
This micrograph (图片), which represents the surface of a gold specimen, was taken with a sophisticated （complex复杂的） atomic force microscope (AFM) （原子力显微镜）. Individual atoms for this (111) crystallographic surface plane （晶面）are resolved（分辩的）. Also note the dimensional scale(标 尺) (in the nanometer (纳米) range) below the micrograph.
Important terms and concepts
Symmetrical 对称的 ↔ asymmetrical不对称的 Coulombic force 库仑力 covalent 共价的 ~bond 共价键 ductile Easily molded or shaped. 可塑的，易成形的，可延展的 ≈malleable electronegative 负电性的 ↔ electropositive阳电性的（正电性的） parameter ：variable 参数 quantum mechanics 量子力学 repulsive 排斥的 ↔attractive scale 刻度 Schematical: in the form of a scheme or diagram 图解的 solidification 凝固 固化 /Liquefaction 液化↔ melting superscript 上标 ↔ subscript 下标 valence electrons 价电子 vibration 振动
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
glue 胶合 Computation 估计 ground state 基态 Coulomb 库仑 Covalent 共价的 hybrid 杂化 Diatomic 二价的 Dipole 偶极子 induced dipoles诱导偶极子 inert : inactive惰性的 ↔active Intrinsical本质的 固有的 quantum mechanics量子力学
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Actinide 锕类 Adjacent 附近的 Alkali: caustic/basic 碱性的 ↔acidic 酸性的 neutral 中性的 Alkaline earth 碱土 Ambient周围的 环境的 Fluctuating: vibrating 变动 Bismuth铋 halogen 卤素 fluorine氟 Bohr玻尔
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
2.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS Each atom consists of a very small nucleus（pl. nuclei原子核） composed of protons (质子) and neutrons (中子), which is encircled (encompassed 围绕) by moving electrons (电子). Both electrons and protons are electrically charged (带电的), the charge (电荷) magnitude (数量) being 1.60 × 10-19 C, which is negative in sign for electrons and positive for protons; neutrons are electrically neutral. (translation ) Masses for these subatomic particles are infinitesimally (Immeasurably or incalculably minute 无穷小的) small; protons and neutrons have approximately (about) the same mass, 1.67× 10-27 kg, which is significantly larger than that of an electron, 9.11 × 10-31 kg.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering