专题05 生态环保类-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练(解析版)
专题05生态环保类―生态环保‖是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。
本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。
这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。
通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。
【高考探究】“生态环保”是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。
例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2018年浙江卷阅读理解D篇；2017年江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2016上海卷阅读理解B篇；2016四川卷书面表达；2015安徽卷完形填空；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。
识记词汇Ⅰ.必记单词1.behaviour n.行为→behave v.举止，表现2.damage n.& vt.毁坏，损害3.destroy vt.破坏，毁坏→destruction n.破坏，毁灭4.distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n.距离5.effort n.努力，艰难的尝试6.influence n.&vt.影响7.permit vt.许可，允许；n.许可证→permission n.允许，许可8.pollution n.污染→pollute vt.使污染9.prevent vt.防止，预防10.protect vt.保护→protection n.保护11.recycle vt.回收；再循环12.volunteer n.志愿者13.waste vt.& n.浪费；滥用；废料14.wave v.挥手；向……致意；n.波浪；挥手Ⅱ.阅读识记单词15.advocate vt.拥护，支持；提倡16.atmosphere n.大气；气氛17.blow vt.吹；刮；n.吹；重击18.challenging adj.具有挑战性的19.decrease v.减少，变小20.decline v.减少，下降；衰退；谢绝21.disappearance n.消失→disappear vi.消失，失踪22.ecology n.生态，生态学23.environment n.环境24.evolution n.进化，演变25.extinction n.灭绝26.garbage n.垃圾27.harvest n.& vt.收割，收获(物)28.harmony n.和谐29.irrigate vt.灌溉30.material n.原料；材料31.primitive adj.原始的，远古的32.preserve vt.保护；保留，保存33.protection n.保护34.punishment n.惩罚35.puzzled adj.迷惑不解的36.radiation n.放射，放射物37.responsibility n.责任，负责→responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的38.rubbish n.垃圾；废物39.substitute vt.取代，代替40.survival n.存活，幸存II 高频短语1.call on sb.to do sth.号召/呼吁某人做某事2.cut down砍倒3.die out灭绝4.do harm to对……有危害5.have disastrous effect on对……有灾难性的影响6.live in harmony with与……和谐相处7.prevent...from...阻止……做……8.run out用完；耗尽9.take steps/measures/action to do sth.采取措施做某事10.take/be responsibility for对……负责任语境活用[运用上述短语完成片段]Recently many trees in the forest 1.were cut down(被砍倒) by the farmers，which 2.did great harm to(给……带来很大危害) nature.Many animals and plants have 3.died out(灭绝).This will 4.have disastrous effect on(对……有灾难性的影响) human being.I think human beings should 5.take responsibility for(对……负责) their actions and 6.live in harmony with(与……和谐共处) nature.The government should 7.take measures/steps/action to 8.prevent them from(阻止他们) doing these things again and 9.call on(号召) them to plant more trees.III 经典句式1.with复合结构With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse.在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。
仿写Tori的眼睛闪着光吹嘘道，―我敢打赌，Sean两天前告诉我的。
‖(2016·浙江)With her eyes shining，Tori brags，―You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.‖2.It’s (high) time that...It’s high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。
仿写是我该着手考虑那篇文章的时候了。
It‘s time I got down to thinking about that essay.3.过去分词(短语)作状语Faced with this situation，we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection.面对这种情况，我们应该提高环境保护的意识。
仿写因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。
Bitten by the snake in the bush，Susan was sent back to the camp.【典例剖析】Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early1900s.Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.70.It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that .A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming答案 D解析推理判断题。
根据第一段第三至六句―Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto...stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming.‖可知，自从20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。
故D项正确。
71.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement‘s minimum goal would not be reached.答案 D解析推理判断题。
根据第二段―This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions‖可知，如果各国的气体排放能够符合《巴黎协议》的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典含解析
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission."The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission."The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。
英语阅读理解训练--生态环保类(附答案).doc
高考英语阅读理解专项训练生态环保类(一)The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, theworldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant watershortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Wherevalleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25%reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall inthese areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________.A. much of the world's water is available for useB. people in high rainfall countries feel luckyC. the costs of water redistribution should be consideredD. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world2. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.3. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Steps to improving water use management.B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.4. The text is mainly about________.A. water supply and increasing populationB. water use management and agricultureC. water redistribution and wildlife protectionD. water shortages and environmental protection(二)(2010·辽宁高考)It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own ，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't last long.The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides (杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.Now，the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.1. From Paragraph 1，we learn that the villagers________.A. worked very hard for centuriesB. dreamed of having a better lifeC. were poor but somewhat contentD. lived a different life from their forefathers2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?A. The frogs were easy money.B. They needed money to buy medicine.C. They wanted to please the visitors.D. The frogs made too much noise.3. What might be the cause of the children's sickness?A. The crops didn't do well.B. There were too many insects.C. The visitors brought in diseases.D. The pesticides were overused.4. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.B. Health is more important than money.C. The harmony between man and nature is important.D. Good old days will never be forgotten.(三)We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans，killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.The 16yearold Canadian high school student，Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute, has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(分解) in as few as 3 months，a finding that won him first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair，a $10 000 prize，a $20 000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.Burd's strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms (微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags，exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed (暴露) to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.The inputs are cheap：maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer：not much. So I decided to do something myself.”said Daniel Burd.1. Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair because________.A. he found a new kind of microorganismB. he contributed much to environmental protectionC. he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter timeD. he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way2. Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to________.A. make the live bacteria work betterB. test how effective his method wasC. know which bacteria worked fasterD. control the temperature in the process3. Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because ________.A. plastics can get hot easilyB. microbes can produce heat themselvesC. much carbon dioxide is producedD. the temperature can be controlled4. Daniel Burd got his idea from ________.A. his school textbookB. the failure of researchersC. his everyday workD. the practice of other people(四)(2010·山东烟台检测)There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years，and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world's leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.LondonLondon's flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding，but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 21 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals，an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.ParisOver a six??week period in July and August 2008，more than 11400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration (脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?One solution is to have air??conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short??term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions.In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”，which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a naturalair??conditioner.ShanghaiShanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal??fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Big Cities Facing Big DisastersB. Big Disasters in the FutureC. The Increase of Natural DisastersD. Solutions to Natural Disasters2. What problem should be settled now in London?A. How to protect the city's property.B. Where to build its flood defences.C. How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.D. How to improve the function of the old flood defences.3. Which of the following measures can't solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?A. Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.B. Having air??conditioners installed in elderly care homes.C. Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”．D. Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.4. The major threats to Shanghai are ________.A. increasing population and coal??fired power stationsB. rising sea levels and typhoonsC. extremely high temperature and rising sea levelsD. extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons5. The purpose of the passage is ________.A. to tell us how to protect the big citiesB. to give advice on how to defend natural disastersC. to explain what causes flood and heat wavesD. to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities生态环保类(一)答案与解析世界的可用淡水资源有限，但农业在利用水资源过程中存在不尽如人意之处，本文指出了其中的一些问题。
专题05：阅读理解之环境保护类-最近三年(2019-2021)高考英语真题分类精编(解析版)
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
Paul Beer, head of rhin: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
5.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
6.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
高考二轮复习英语试题(老高考旧教材)阅读理解文体分类练5说明文之生态环保类
文体分类练(五)说明文之生态环保类(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023河北邯郸一模)Bee protection is a big issue these days in America,with people planting native pollinator gardens,setting up bee houses,and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations.And this is for good reason—in North America,a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction.Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.No Mow May,a movement that began in the UK,is now rapidly spreading throughout the US.Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May.This lets “lawn flowers”such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare.Dandelions,despite being pretty and useful,are non-native.Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth?Here’s the basic answer—don’t let “perfect” be the enemy of “good”.Sure,it’d be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants,but that can take lots of time and money.While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May,other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn.“Besides dandelions,there are many other plants that are going to be there,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.In Massachusetts,scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns,30 percent of which were native to the state.Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture,which allows no flowers.“No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature.We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs,and realize flowers play really important roles,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton.1.What is the background to No Mow May in the US?A.Native bee species are increasing.B.There is a tendency to protect bees.C.Bees mainly depend on garden plants.D.More people have no time to cut lawns.2.What do we know about the No Mow May?A.It needs almost no cost.B.Few Americans support it.C.It is aimed at growing dandelions.D.It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.3.What does the underlined part “poster child” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Slight element.B.Rare exception.C.Typical example.D.Difficult problem.4.Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture?A.A bee-friendly lawn.B.A regularly cut lawn.C.A lawn growing naturally.D.A lawn with native flowers.Passage2(2023安徽安庆二模)Interactive software that “reads”and analyses footprints left by black rhinos (犀牛)can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers (偷猎者),according to a Duke University-led study.The software,called the Footprint Identification Technique (FIT),uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino’s footprint.Because each rhi no’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.“If you find a match,you can identify the individual animal who left the mark and,by plotting the locations of all the other places where marks have been seen,track its movements without disturbing it or coming into close enough contact with it,”said Zoe Jewell,a professor at Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment,who co-led the study and is co-creator of FIT.“It’s a cost-effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill into the 21st Century,”she said.Jewell and her colleagues are now working with Namibia’s Ministry of Environment,Forestry and Tourism to train wildlife conservationists,land managers and local guides how to use FIT.Namibia is home to an estimated 2,000 black rhinos,or about 90% of the species’ total population worldwide.Though legally owned by the government,the animals are distributed geographically on private lands across the country.The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and takemeasurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been showing up in recent years.5.What is the purpose of the software?A.To promote the development of technology.B.To protect black rhinos from being hunted.C.To analyze the footprints of illegal poachers.D.To save endangered species across the world.6.What’s the advantage of the software?A.It owns various functions.B.It goes to the market.C.It is perfectly practical.D.It is more than popular.7.What does Zoe Jewell say about the approach?A.It brings the best advantage for the lowest cost.B.It helps increase the population of black rhinos.C.It raises people’s awareness of the environment.D.It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.8.Which of the following best describes the future of rhinos?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless.C.Worrying.D.Uncertain.Passage3(2023 四川凉山二诊)These days,Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22 in schools and cities across the United States.There are class projects,programs,tree plantings and many other official events.So,it may be hard to realize that when it first started,Earth Day was considered a radical(激进的) protest.The modern environmental movement began in the 1960s.It was a time of the generation gap.Young people were acting out against their parents’ way of l ife.College campuses were rocked by demonstration against the war in Vietnam and other issues.In the middle of this,in 1970,a US senator(参议员) from Wisconsin named Gaylord Nelson came up with the idea for Earth Day.As he later explained it,the idea was to channel “the student anti-war energy” into the environmental cause.A lot of young people felt that science was the enemy.This was in spite of the fact that a lot of the people who were warning the public about air and water pollution and animals in danger were scientists.After all,wasn’t it technology—cars,housing developments and factories—that was causing the problem by spreading pollution and destroying nature?Some adults who had thought Earth Day supporters had gone too far made fun of them.They called them “tree huggers”.Environmentalists were right that technology had to be ws and regulations were needed to make sure that both industry and science acted responsibly.Still,science got a bad name.It was as if you had to choose either science or nature.You couldn’t have both.Lately,though,the situation has changed.We have come to see that science and the environment do not have to be enemies.Technology can be used to protect the environment,not destroy it.Look at all the advances in clean energy that have come from science.Just as Earth Day has evolved,so has our view of science and nature.We know today that we do not have to choose between the two.Instead,we understand that science is one of the main tools we can use to protect the environment.You can be a scientist and a “tree hugger”.That’s big advancement for science and great news for trees.9.What do students usually do on Earth Day?A.Cut down trees.B.Join in a protest.unch an investigation.plete a class project.10.Why did Gaylord Nelson suggest celebrating Earth Day?A.To encourage young students to protect nature.B.To direct the public’s attention to environmental changes.C.To take students’ attention away from anti-war demonstration.D.To narrow the generation gap between young people and their parents.11.What did some adults think of “tree huggers”?A.Too extreme.B.Quite rational.C.Very knowledgeable.D.Really considerate.12.Which statement is supported by the author?A.People have to choose either science or nature.B.Nowadays science can serve to protect the environment.C.Science has been playing a positive part the whole time.D.The development of science does harm to the environment.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。
(英语)高三必备英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析
（英语）高三必备英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration withits whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of16 hours.By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollutionwas afloat."WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.""Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter(周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination ofnew technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?A. It can frighten sharks away.B. It is an ocean explorer.C. It is a rubbish collector.D. It can catch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A. The causes of ocean pollution.B. The dangers of using plastics.C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D. The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?A. Avoid crashing into it.B. Break it into pieces.C. Swallow it.D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
2014年高考英语二轮复习限时检测：阅读理解-生态环保类(含答案解析)
阅读理解之生态环保类(共3篇，限时23分钟)A(2013·福建名校第一次质检)The “Give It Up for Earth Day” encourages people to commit themselves to giving up actions that are harmful to the environment, such as using poisonous cleaners.Throughout the month of April, Canadians are being asked to “Give It Up for Earth Day！”Earth Day has been celebrated every year on April 22 since 1970. Earth Day Canada's president Jed Goldberg says that as people become more environmentally aware, they want to find ways to reduce their environmental influence, not just celebrate one special event.“Earth Day is a great launching_pad for thinking about environmental action every day，” said Goldberg. “Choosing healthier options, even for the short term, can lead to thinking about the influence of o ur decisions for a lifetime.”That's the reason behind the “Give It Up for Earth Day” campaign. It's designed to encourage healthy habits that benefit people and the planet. It challenges everyone to help create a healthier world by making changes in their daily routine.“We wanted to plan an action-targeted campaign that will give people a chance to acton their concern for the environment in a positive way，” said Goldberg.The campaign has identified four daily actions that can add up to huge environmental savings. They include pledging (保证) to turn off the TV, giving up the use of poisonous cleaners, reducing consumption of consumer products and cutting out meat.At the end of April, all of the pledges will be recorded and converted (转化)into the numberof TV hours not watched, dollars not spent on unnecessary items, electricity saved, greenhouse gas emissions (排放) avoided by cutting out meat, and poisonous chemicals produced from homes and landfills.“What we're trying to achieve this year for Earth Day is to give people a chance to do something that is meaningful and measurable，” said Goldberg.语篇解读：4月22日是地球日，我们要在日常生活中进行改变，养成真正有益于地球、有益于人类的好习惯。
2018年中考英语试卷分类解析：阅读理解之环保问题(含答案)
环境保护(2017〃浙江衢州)DHeritage(遗产)is traditional customs, culture and beliefs(信仰). We use the world “heritage” in many different ways. People talk about their family heritage, their city’s heritage, and their country’s heritage.Today, heritage is changing. The Internet connects people around the world. In many ways this is a good thing, because we can learn about the heritage of other countries, and we can show our own heritage to the world. However, some people worry that traditional heritage is disappearing. Think about it. In many ways, countries are becoming more and more alike(相似的). In just about every country around the world, you can find MacDonald’s, Nike Shoes, Starbucks coffee, and American movies. Some people think this is a good change, and others don’t like it. You can decide whether or not you think it’s a good thing. However, everyone wants to protect their traditional heritage, and sometimes this is hard. For example, when a new MacDonald’s opens in your town, a traditional restaurant might have to close.This is why heritage protection is so important. Heritage protection is a simple idea. It means keeping your country’s or your city’s heritage alive. People do this in many ways. The biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving(保护)old buildings. A few other examples of heritage protection are making sure your children speak your traditional language, and teaching your heritage to children.The world is changing very fast. This change brings a lot of good things. But as the world is changing, it is important to remember the heritage of our parents and our grandparents.42. The examples in the second paragraph are used to__________.A. describe people’s love for heritage[来源:中%^国教育出~版网#&]B. show the importance of heritageC. help people better understand heritageD. express the writer’s feeling about heritage43. According to the passage, many countries arebecoming_________.[来源:%中*#国教~育出^版网]A. greatB. similarC. largeD. friendly44. Which of the following is part of heritage protection?A. Learning from each otherB. Using the InternetC. Keeping traditional language aliveD. Building new houses45. Which of the following is the writer’s opinion?A. Heritage is changing a lot nowadays.B. The Internet connects people around the world.C. It is important to remember the heritage of our parents.D. People watch American movies in about every country.[题材：遗产保护【主旨大意】遗产指传统的风俗习惯、文化和信仰。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题15 热点话题- Word版含解析
专题15 热点话题“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。
本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。
通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。
“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C、D篇，2018年江苏卷阅读理解C篇，2018年浙江卷B、C篇，2018年天津卷阅读理解A篇；2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。
Passage 1（2018年·新课标II卷）We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward an d challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small tal k as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with smalltalk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。
【英语】高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)
【英语】高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解Wolves strike fear into the hearts of many species, humans included. Our fear of them has brought them to the edge of dying out, as we have cruelly killed them as competitors and trouble-makers. But researchers are discovering that the very fear they put into prey（被捕食者）species is exactly what helps make ecosystems（生态）healthy.Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park."Yellowstone has benefited from the reintroduction of wolves in ways that we did not anticipate, especially the complexity of biological interactions（互动）in the park," explained Mark Boyce, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences." We were really surprised at that and we'd never have seen these responses if the park hadn't adopted ecological-process management—allowing natural ecological processes to take place with least human intervention."After the wolves were re-introduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deer-wolf interaction is now more diverse.To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy. In this documentary, biologist Aaron Wirsing explored why wolves and other top predators （捕食者）were needed for diverse ecosystems to develop. Using a simple video camera, Wirsing is gaining a unique view point on predator-prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.（1）What does the underlined word "anticipate" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Expect.B. Understand.C. Notice.D. Accept.（2）For what purpose was a documentary made?A. To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.B. To show how wolves benefit from ecosystems.C. To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.D. To study what good wolves can do to ecosystems.（3）What is the significance of the research?A. It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.B. It helps prove the importance of protecting wolves.C. It shows the complex relationships between species.D. It provides evidence that wolves are endangered animals.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A. The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.B. The fear of wolves put them in danger of disappearing.C. Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.D. The introduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park is a success.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的，其中黄石公园灰狼的引进就是一个典型的例子。