读后续写和概要写作讲义 概要中词的替换
高中英语概要写作：概要写作中词的替换
(不同的) 5. initial—original (最初的) 6. useful—helpful, beneficial, profitable,
rewarding (有益的)
7.enormous—massive, tremendous, huge (巨大的)
18. very—extremely, intensely, extraordinarily, overwhelmingly, unbelievably, surprisingly, amazingly, more than (非常)
19.dramactically—sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, surprisingly, strikingly, remarkably, vastly, noticeably (急剧地)
—be responsible for, take responsibility (承担责任)
35. be associated with—link to(相联系) 36.multiply—increase (增加) 37.manufacture—produce(制造)
38. remain stable
18. be devoted to doing—be committed to doing (致力于)
19.lead to—bring about, result in, cause(导致) 20.request—demand, need, require(要求)
21.show—reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, present (展示) 22.grow to—rise to, increase to, jump to(增长至)
高考英语写作之读后续写、概要写作,思路
1新题型“读后续写”“概要写作”是一种将原本独立的“阅读理解”与“写作”组合在一起得出的“新题型”。
一道题目，双倍难度。
认真讲，以前英语老师会说：“得阅读者得天下”，因为阅读理解考查学生的能力最综合，得分也难。
而英语作文，只要背够连接词、链接句、再来几个经典长难句，基准分是有保障的。
可如今的“概要写作”“读后续写”，已不再是背几十个单词，用用on the one hand......on the other hand 就可以应付了，在写作之前，先得读懂阅读材料，还得构思与原文衔接、还要用上原文所给的五个单词，然后才能续写。
问题2：哪些省份的高考有新题型？2015 年 8 月，在教育部考试中心发布的《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》中，提出了写作新题型：读后续写或概要写作，两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。
读后续写作为一种全新的高考题型，于 2016 年 10 月首次在浙江英语高考卷中亮相，并沿用至今。
该题型已经在浙江、山东、辽宁等省份的日常考试中频繁出现，并将在2020年高考中使用。
河北、江苏、北京、天津、海南、湖南、湖北、广东、福建、重庆等省份也在陆续将新题型纳入日常练习和高考考查中。
问题3：概要写作主要考察什么能力？“概要写作”重点考查考生理解和呈现原文要点和准确使用词汇和语法结构的能力。
要求学生客观并且简练的概括出原文，而且要保证故事的完整连贯，逻辑通顺。
（曹老师的话：这类题型相对来说比较简单；考察三方面的能力：1. 找关键词的能力；2. 把关键词写成正确句子的能力；3. 把句子写成合理的段落的能力）问题4：读后续写考察什么能力？读后续写主要关注学生以下四个方面的能力：①把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。
学生需要了解所给短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。
②语言运用的准确性和丰富性。
学生能准确、恰当地使用所学词汇和语言结构，还能够根据内容需要使用较多、较复杂的词汇和语言结构。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 读后续写技巧指导
读后续写技巧指导一、总体分析读后续写要求考生在阅读一段350 词以内的语言材料的基础上，根据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150 词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
续写部分分为两段。
原文给出10 个左右的标有下划线的关键词语，所续写短文应使用5 个以上（教育部考试中心，2015）。
1. 原文特点《考试说明》虽未对读后续写材料的体裁做出明确说明，但根据所附的样题和自2016 年10 月首考至今的4 份真题来看，所提供的阅读材料一般是记叙文。
记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。
它的主要的表达方式是叙述和描写，也常辅以适当的抒情、议论和说明。
记叙文的特点是通过生动形象的事件来反映生活并表达作者的思想情感，它的中心思想蕴含在具体材料中，通过对人、事、物的生动描写来表现。
它的话题贴近生活，有一定趣味性，给学生的想象空间较大，上下文连贯性较强，结构清晰，语言难度较易把握。
2. 如何审题、谋篇、行文续写之前，首先应当审读原文，对故事内容进行把握和理解。
通过阅读，能判断文本的写作顺序（如时间先后顺序、地点变换顺序或情节发展顺序等），能找出故事的基本要素（如时间、地点、人物、事件等），能厘清文本的脉络和情节的发展，并据此对提供的文本内容进行归纳概括。
在审读原文的基础上，考虑如何对续写进行谋篇。
谋篇是对文本深入分析思考的过程。
分析文本中主人公的性格特点，思考人与人之间，人与社会间，人与自然间和人与自我之间的矛盾冲突，分析故事的起因和发展，思考和推断可能继续发展的方向，分析划线关键词和续写两段的段首句，思考具体的情节展现故事的高潮并合理结尾。
审题、谋篇的最终目的是要落实到续写上来。
读后续写的行文是对文本进行续写和完善的过程。
在内容上，要关注预设情节的逻辑性、合理性和思想性，要展现故事的主题、思想或哲理。
在语言上，要回看、体会并模仿原文的语言风格，以人物的动作、语言、心理描写为主，辅之以外貌和神态描写以及环境描写。
高考英语写作常考题型全面突破：专题17 读后续写之高级词汇替换大全
专题17读后续写之高级词汇替换大全这里详细的呈现了动词，名词等词的高级替换，以及“说”的不同替换词，让我们的续写不落俗套。
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
I.名词1. target - goal （目标）2. problem - issue （难题，议题）3. chance - opportunity （机会）4. adventure - expedition/risk（冒险）5. resident - citizen （居民）6. influence - impact （影响）7.method- way / approach （方法）8. old people - the aged / the elderly，the senior（老人）9. difficulty - obstacle / barrier / challenge （困难）10. people - individual / person / human （人）11. fame - reputation / prestige （名声）12. with no rain at all - droughts （干旱）13. advantage - merit / virtue / benefit / upside / strength （优势）14. disadvantage - drawback / downside / weakness （劣势）15. development - advance / progress （进展）16. body language - gesture （姿势）17.district- zone / place / region/area （地区）18.litter- rubbish / trash/garbage （垃圾）19.expressway- freeway /motorway （高速公路）20.wealth- fortune / property /fiance/ treasure（财富，财产）21. economic downturn - economic depression/crisis （经济低迷）II.动词1.get- acquire / obtain/ gain （得到）2. reduce - decrease / lessen / cut/ crash （减少）3. improve - promote / enhance （改进）4. help - assist / aid （帮助）5. have - possess / own （拥有）6. agree ( with )- approve （同意）7. thank - appreciate （感谢）8.walk- cover，wander （步行）9.express- convey （表达）10.make sure - ensure （确保）11. solve - cope with / deal with / resolve （解决）12.encourage- motivate / fuel /inspire（鼓励，激发）13. think - claim / consider / believe / insist / maintain / hold / argue （认为）14. keep - preserve / reserve / maintain，stay/ remain（保持）15. damage - hurt / injure / harm / impair /undermine (损害）16.give-offer / provide / supply （给与）17. develop - cultivate / foster （培养）18. declare - claim （宣称）19. protect - conserve / preserve （保护）20. prevent - stop （阻止）21. ensure - assure / guarantee （确保）22. clear - eliminate / remove （消除）23. care- take care of / look after/ tend/ attend （照顾）24.undergo- experience / go through（经历）25. lead to - bring about / result in / cause （导致）26. request - demand / need / require /want（要求）27. show - reveal / illustrate / demonstrate / present / unveil（展示/揭示）28.book- reserve （预订）29. grow to - rise to / increase to . climb to / jump to （增长至）30.put off - delay/ postpone （推迟）31. fall to - decline to / decrease to / drop to / reduce to/ crash to (低至）32. give permission to do - allow/permit sb to do （允许）33. look like - resemble （相似）34. be interested in - be crazy about / have passion for/ show great interest in （感兴趣）35. set off for - head for / leave for/ start for（出发去某地）36. speed up - accelerate （加速）37.make- enable （使）38.switch- convert / transform （转换）39.forbid- ban / prohibit （禁止）40. build - establish/ found （建立）41. be short of -( a ) lack of / be lacking in （不足/缺少）42. tell sth / sb apart - distinguish （区分）43.reveal- expose （暴露）44. deal with - handle （处理）45. make full use of - make the most of /take advantage of （充分利用）46.take actions - take measures （采取行动、措施）47.be made of - be composed of / consist of （由...组成）48. change- transform /alter/ turn （改变）49.take up - account for / make up / occupy （占）50. be firmly convinced - believe firmly/ have firm belief in （坚信）51. put one ' s heart into - be absorbed in / be bent on / be buried in （专心致志于）52. in comparison with - compared with / compared to / in comparison to （与……相比）53.do sth to the best of one ' s ability - try one ' s best to do / spare no effort to do / make every effort to do / do what one can to do / go all out to do （尽力做某事）54.sustain - support / maintain （维持）55.accomplish- achieve / finish /complete （完成）56.shoulder/ undertake one ' s duty - be responsible for / take responsibility （承担责任）57. be on the rise - climb up / increase （增加）58.raise doubt about - cast doubt on / be skeptical about（对…怀疑）59. associate with - connect to/ relate to /be associated with /link to （与……联系）60. manufacture- produce （制造）61. be devoted to doing - be committed to doing / be absorbed in/ be buried in / be lost in / be involved in /apply oneself to (致力于)62. stand up - rise to one’s feet （站起来）III.形容词1. sad - depressed /frustrated /upset/ in low spirit/feel down/ feel blue （悲伤的）2. rich - wealthy / well - off （富有的）3. in poverty - poor / needy / in need （穷的）4. happy - cheerful / delightful （开心的）5.a small number of - a handful of （少量的）6. bad - wicked / negative / awful / dreadful / undesirable （坏的）7. clever - smart / gifted / sharp - minded /intelligent /wise（聪明的）8. difficult - tough / challenging / stressful / demanding (难的）9.big-- enormous / vast / massive （巨大的）10. afraid - frightened / scared / panic - stricken (害怕的)11.many- a sea of / an ocean of / abundant / numerous / considerable/plenty of （许多）12.beautiful-- eye -catching / good - shaped / appealing / charming / fascinating/attractive （美丽的）13. rude- impolite （粗鲁的）14. a variety of -- different / diverse / various （不同的）15.worn out - tired / exhausted （疲劳的）16.boring- dull / tiresome （乏味的）17. doubtful - skeptical / suspicious （怀疑的）eful -- helpful / beneficial / profitable / rewarding / advantageous （有益的）19. initial - original （最初的）20. of great importance - significant / of great significance / essential / fundamental / vital / critical / indispensable （重要的）21.new- fresh / brand - new （新的）22.not uncommon - common （常见的）23. angry - annoyed / irritated （生气的）24.fundamental- basic （基本的）25. in abundance - be rich in （富于...）26.severe- serious （严重的）27. traditional - conventional （传统的）28.obvious- apparent / evident / clear （显然的）29. brave - fearless / courageous / bold （勇敢的）30. famous - notable / well-known （著名的）31.reasonable- sensible /rational （理性的）32. precise - exact （精确的）33. abundant - ample / plentiful （充足的）34. resemble - be similar to （类似的）IV.副词替换1. on the contrary - oppositely （相反）2. rarely - seldom/ hardly （很少）3.only- merely （仅仅）4. day in and day out - every day （每天）5. firstly - originally / initially （起先）6. totally - absolutely / evidently / completely （完全地）7.approximately- almost / about / around / nearly / roughly （大约）8. finally - eventually / accordingly /ultimately （最终）19. certainly - definitely / undoubtedly / obviously / apparently （一定地，无疑地）10.at present - nowadays / recently （目前）11.now and then - at times /occasionally /from time to time （时不时，偶尔）12. frequently - constantly / always （经常，总是）13/ never - on no account / at no time / by no means / under no circumstances （绝不，从不）14.right now - immediately / shortly / right away / at once/ without delay（立刻）15. steadily - smoothly / slowly / gradually / moderately / mildly （平稳地）16. often - frequently / regularly / constantly (经常)17. as a matter of fact - practically / in practice / actually/ in reality / in effect / in fact ( 事实上)18. very - extremely / intensely / extraordinarily / overwhelmingly / unbelievably / surprisingly / amazingly / more than （非常）19. dramatically - sharply / hugely / enormously / steeply / substantially / considerably / significantly / surprisingly / strikingly / remarkably / vastly / noticeably (戏剧性地）V.“说”的各种表达1.explain 解释2. mention 提到3. comment 评价4. reply /respond 回答5. state 陈述6. add 补充说7. blurt 不假思索地说8.repeat 重复9. cry 喊道，哭喊10. shout 大喊11. scream 尖叫道12. sob 抽泣地说13. yell 大喊14. continue 继续说道15. agree 同意道16. answer 回答说17.mutter 喃喃自语18. beg 乞求道19. sigh 叹息道plain 抱怨道21.whispered to oneself 低声自语22. think to oneself 自己思量道23. say to oneself 自言自语24. say... in a whisper 低声说道25. say...in a low/comforting voice 低声说道/ 安慰道mand 命令道27.demand 要求道对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。
读后续写与概要写作 Ⅱ.概要写作147个词汇替换
@《创新设计》
28．book—reserve(预订) 29．grow to—rise to, increase to, climb to, jump to(增长至) 30．put off—delay(推迟) 31．fall to—decline to, decrease to, drop to, reduce to(降低至) 32．give permission to do—allow sb to do(允许) 33．look like—resemble(相似) 34．be interested in—be caught in, be crazy about, be absorbed in(感兴趣) 35．set off for—head for(出发去某地) 36．speed up—accelerate(加速)
5
@《创新设计》
18．declare—claim(宣称) 19．protect—conserve, preserve(保护) 20．prevent—stop(阻止) 21．ensure—assure, guarantee(确保) 22．clear—eliminate, remove(消除) 23．be devoted to doing—be committed to doing(致力于) 24．undergo—experience(经历) 25．lead to—bring about, result in, cause(导致) 26．request—demand, need, require(要求) 27．show—reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, present(展示)
2
@《创新设计》
18．litter—rubbish, trash(垃圾) 19．expressway—freeway, highway(高速公路) 20．wealth—fortune, property(财富，财产) 21．economic downturn—economic depression(经济低迷)
高中英语读后续写与概要写作 微技能一 词汇升级策略
微技能一词汇升级策略单词和短语是文章最基本的组成单位。
用词是否准确、出彩在一定程度上决定了作文是否得高分。
高考英语书面表达评分标准也鼓励考生使用高级词汇。
但使用高级词汇并不等于使用一些偏难、古怪的词汇，而是使用一些表意准确、形象生动、语法正确且符合以英语为母语的人的习惯表达方式的词汇。
在使用词汇时，我们可以尝试如下方法。
一、求新求异原则写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的词汇水平。
用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是词汇高级用法的体现。
恰当地使用同义词不仅可以体现雅致的文风，还有利于增强段落的统一性和连贯性。
①The forest will improve the attractiveness of the region.It will also improve the environment of the region.→The forest will improve the attractiveness of the region.It will also enhance the environment of the region.②We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may also have different ways to deal with such a situation.→We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may also have various ways to deal with such a situation.二、具体准确原则所谓词义具体准确原则是指，写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词，而要根据语境使用具体生动的词。
①He is a good teacher.→He is a kind/patient/knowledgeable teacher.②He goes to work every day.→He rides/drives to work every day.三、晚词优先原则为了展现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，尽量用高年级阶段学到的词汇代替低年级阶段学到的词汇。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 概要写作专练
概要写作专练(一)A(2018·浙江省名校联盟第三次联考)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, wellequipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen ... At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often — only of objects I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories — I just live, and the memories form themselves.一、试题详解1．核心内容本文是一篇记叙文，全文共四段。
高考英语二轮复习概要写作词汇替换讲义
2022二轮复习：概要写作——词汇替换一、给词替换: 用括号里的词替换句子中画横线的单词。
1.Many people find that overￚparenting style makes children have bright futures. (convince;promise)Many people that overￚparenting style makes children have futures.2. 1 don't know how she bears his cruelty to her.(put)I don’t know how she his cruelty to her.3.Needless to say, this price reduction is because of competition among suppliers.(due) Needless to say, this price reduction is competition among suppliers.4.It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(manage)It never occurred to me that you could him to change his mind.5.Animals have died as a result of coming into contact with this chemical. (consequence)Animals have died coming into contact with this chemical.6.You may keep the book a further week provided that no one else requires it. (condition)You may keep the book a further week that no one else requires it.7.The finding further suggests that stress may bring about a double effect. (lead)The finding further suggests that stress may a double effect.8.What I still can’t figure out is why I never felt better in my life. (make)What I still can’t is why I never felt better in my life.9.You need to make good use of any opportunities to practice English.(advantage)You need to any opportunities to practice English.10.He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.(regard)He asked several questions the future of the company.11.Other European countries are also making efforts to reduce food waste. (measure) Other European countries are also reduce food waste.12.Chinese shoppers now make up 30 percent of the global luxury goods market, with about half of spending done abroad. (account)Chinese shoppers spending 30 percent of the global luxury goods market, w ith about half of spending done abroad.二、在给出的句子基础上自由替换1．Among the famous historical figures, I find Confucius impressive.2．It goes without saying that Confucius has a great effect on the values of later generations.3．Old as Zhong Nanshan is, he fought bravely against COVID-19, making great contributions in the field of medicine.4．Her charming personality lies in the simple fact that he never hesitates to help people in need.5．She gets up early and goes to sleep late every day. Besides, she works hard without complaining.6．Whenever people around get into trouble, she is willing to help them, which makes her respected by all our neighbours.7．She has been highly respected for her wisdom as well as courage by the Chinese people.8．Her spirit inspires me and millions of other girls to live an independent life and be responsible for our own decisions.9．He set so good an example for us students that we all should learn from him.10．I made up my mind to follow his example to take my own responsibility to be a reliable person. From then on, I'm confident that the future in front of me is bright. And I'd like to face it bravely, no matter what the challenge is.三、翻译句子并自由替换:翻译下列句子，完成后，对自己所写句子进行同义替换。
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潜在的
hidden
potential
筋疲力尽的
tired
exhausted
建议
suggest
recommend
能力
ability
competence
准确的
exact
accurate
勤奋的
hardworking
diligent
困难的
difficult
challenging
变得越来越少
become less and less
be on the decrease
能够得到
sb can get sth
(sb ) have access to sth
(sth) be available to sb
大多数人
most people
the majority of people
有意义
enablesb to do sth
allow sb to do sth
make it possible for sb to do sth
使某人不能…
make sb unable to do sth
make it impossible for sb to do
不同于
be different from
能够
can
be capable of
和；以及
and
as well as
in addition to
apart from
大的
large
enormous
发生
happen
occur/come about
体现，显示
show
reflect
吸引人的
attractive
absorbing /striking /appealing
differ/vary from
导致
cause / lead to
contribute to/result in
严重的后果
serious results
severe outcome
影响
have an effect / influence on
make a difference to
注意，重视
pay attention to
It’s better for sb to do sth
be supposed / expected to so sth
encourage sb to do sth
To do sth is a better choice / option.
sth is a good alternative to sth
概要中的词的替换
在概要写作中，要求考生完全使用自己的语言，这就表明我们不能摘抄原文句子，我们得用其他的语言来表述与原文句子相近的意思。同义替换是一种比较实用的转述方法，可以助我们一臂之力。替换词用得好，彰显考生的实力，是获取高分的重要一环。
中文
原词
替换词
应该
should
be supposed to
be expected to
disadvantage
drawback
发展
development
advance, progress
姿势
bodylanguage
gesture
方法
way
approach，method
冒险
adventure
expedition
地区
area
zone，region, district
因为
because of
owing to / thanks to / on account of
想做某事
want to do sth
intend to do
long to do
be dying to
have the desire to do sth
往往会
often do sth
tend to do sth
have the tendency to do sth
许多、大量的
a lot of
a large quantity of
不知道
don’t know
fail to know/ realize
最终
at last/finally
eventually /
正在建设之中
be being built
be under construction
做某事的方法
a way to do sth
an approach to doing sth
感到焦虑
feel anxious
experience anxiety
被叫做
be called…
be referred to as
be known as
be accepted as
无法描述
can’t be described
方法
way
approach, method, solution
然而
but
nevertheless
认为
think that
suppose/ argue/ claim/ assume
subscribe to the view that
hold the view that
使某人能够…
make sb able to do sth
因此
so
therefore/thus
as a consequence (adv)
考虑
consider
take sth into account
take sth into consideration
可能会
may
be likely to do sth
It is possible that…
Chances are (high) that…
利用（时间）
use
make use of
take advantage of
平常的,普通的
common
not uncommon（双重否定）
肯定，一定
must
be bound to
记住
remember
keep sth in mind / memorize
宝贵的
valuable
precious
如果
if
provided/providing
attach importance to
place stress on
不重视
don’t pay attention to
ignore
pay no attention to
be unaware of the importance of
对…重要
be important to
be vital / essential to
大量的
in large numbers
in bulk/ in large quantities
参加
take part in
participate in
推迟
put off
postpone
忙于做某事
be busy with
be engaged in
be occupied with
没有钱
have no money
beyond description
more than sb can describe
不尽人意
not satisfactory
far from satisfactory
不是…而是…
not….but…
instead of
（提出建议）
should /must do sth
sb had better do sth
机会
chance
opportunity
困难
difficulty
barrier,obstacle
老人
oldpeople
the aged, the elderly
人
person
individual
名声
fame
reputation
优势
advantage
virtue, benefit, strength
缺陷
to sum up
in conclusion, to conclude
在我看来
as far as I’m concerned
as for me
from my point of view
for my own part
目标
purpose
target，goal
难题
problem
issue
影响
effect
influence, impact
同等重要
be as important as
be equally important
be no less important than
越来越多的
more and more…
an increasing/ a growing number of
变得越来越多
become more and more
be on thΒιβλιοθήκη increasebe meaningful
make sense
感觉舒适轻松
feel comfortable
feel at ease
A和B
A and B
the combination of A and B
A combined with B
理解
understand