高中英语高考 2021届小题必练14 阅读理解之推理判断题 教师版
2021届新高考版高考英语小题优练冲刺训练(十四)(含答案解析)
2021新高考版高考英语小题优练冲刺训练（十四）应用文阅读+记叙文阅读+说明文阅读+七选五阅读+语法填空Passage AA Calendar Listing of Cultural EventsTHURSDAYGypsy Caravan with 30 musicians and dancers, this show traces the Roma (or gypsy) migration from India to Western Europe. Representing dance traditions from India, Spain, Romania, and Macedonia.7:30 P. M. Sanders Theatre, Cambridge.$20, $30, and $37.Gal Costa World Music presents the Boston debut (首演）of Brazil’s tropicalismo superstar，backed by Dari Caymmi and his Quintet.8:00 P.M. Berklee Performance Centre, Boston.$30, $35, and $40.FRIDAYHarvest Ball get out the black suit or fancy cocktail dress for a night of dancing to Mark Morris and the Catunes. The dance is a benefit for the Dana Farber Cancer Institute.8:00 P.M. Back Bay Hilton, Boston.$ 40 in advance, $ 50 at door.Noche Flamenca Spain’s flamboyant flamenco dance company returns to Boston.8:00 P.M.$20. $30, and $40.SATURDAYBerlin Phiharmonic Orchestra, the Celebrity Series opens its season with an all-Beethoven program.8 P.M. Symphony Hall, Boston.$ 45 - $ 95.MUSEUMSGeometric Abstraction: Latin American Art 60 paintings, drawings, and sculptures, Fogg ArtMuseum, Cambridge.Sixth Annual Outdoor Sculpture Exhibition DeCordova Museum, Lincoln.A Studio of Her Own：Women Artists in Boston 1870-1940 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.Open every day except Monday.Admission free1. Where will you go if you want to dance?A. Gypsy Caravan.B. Noche Flamenca.C. Harvest Ball.D. Gal Costa.2. What do Gypsy Caravan and Noche Flamenca have in common?A. The show time.B. Spanish dance.C. Music styles.D. The ticket prices.3. You don’t have to pay if you.A. go to see Latin American paintingsB. hear Berlin Phiharmonic OrchestraC. watch the performance by the Brazilian singerD. learn fine arts from the women artists in BostonPassage BPeople as far away as South Africa have called Melody Pugh in Washington D.C.to help them find a beloved family member. The country’s only licensed and bonded “pet detective”, this 58- year-old former police officer is an expert on thinking like a dog or cat.It all started in April 1998 when her beloved kitty, Norman, was stolen from the car after arriving at the vet’s office. Pugh searched for Norman for 95 days, quitting her job because the search became all-consuming, and during that time she found 27 other lost pets. That's when she discovered she had a nose for finding clues — a paw print here, a broken spider web there.While there are other pet finders, Pugh is the only person in the U. S. registered as a licensed pet detective —and there's a big difference. “Pet finders may make posters and phone calls, but they won't actively track your pet or get personally involved because they aren’t bonded and can’t afford to get sued（起诉），”says Pu gh, who has never been sued. She was able to obtain a Private investigator's license from the State of Washington in 2001 because of her background in law enforcement.Pugh has returned more than 1,000 dogs and cats to their homes in almost every statenationwide. Nearly two million companion animals are stolen each year, often right from their owner's yard, and then sold to research laboratories, dog-fighting rings, or puppy mills.1．What do we know about Melody Pugh from paragraph 1?A．She is a caring vet. B．She is good at finding pets.C．She comes from South Africa. D．She works as a police officer.2．When did Pugh find her gift for finding clues?A．After she lost 27 pets. B．The time she arrived at the vets.C．95 days before she found Norman. D．When she was searching for her cat. 3．What's the difference between Pugh and other pet finders?A．She tracks the lost pets. B．She makes posters and phone calls.C．She has never been accused. D．She is a licensed pet investigator in the US. 4．Which of the following best describes Pugh?A．Demanding. B．Devoted.C．Stubborn. D．Tough.Passage CA human can’t easily enter another species’ social group to examine and influence what makes the animals sick. But the right robot can open up a clever way in.Scientists have develop ed a robotic “fish” called SoFi in the hope of getting closer to marine life than ever before. The fish, which was developed by researchers at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, can independently swim alongside real fish in the ocean. Fittingly, the robot has a fisheye lens (鱼眼镜头) on board that can take photos and videos of the marine it sees. Robert Katzschmann, lead author of the study, said: “We are all in an aroused state at the thought of the possibility of being able to use a system like this to get closer to marine life than humans can get on their own.”While most underwater robots are tied to boats, SoFi has a much simpler and lightweight system that’s found in smartphones. To swim, the motor causes water to flow into two balloon-like chamber in the fish’s tail. As one chamber (室) expands, it bends to one side, and then when the motors push water to the other channel, that one bends in the otherdirection. Together, these actions create a side-to-side motion, just like a real fish. The researchers hope that these realisticmovements will help to ensure the robot is as safe in its environment as possible.Daniela Rus, who also worked on the study, said: “The robot is able to closely observe marine life and appears not to be d isturbing to real fish.” So far the robot has been tested in the Rainbow Reef in Fiji, where it swims at depths of more than 50 feet for 40 minutes.1. Why have scientists developed the robotic fish?A. To get close to observe marine life.B. To prove the progress in robot technology.C. To make the field of marine life interesting.D. To test the intelligence of fishes in the ocean.2. How did Robert Katzschmann feel about their study of SoFi?A. Curious.B. Excited.C. Nervous.D. Worried.3. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A. Add more information to their study.B. Convey the researchers’ satisfaction.C. Compare different underwater robots.D. Explain how the robotic fish works safely.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Robotic “Fish” that Can Record Marine Life in DetailB. MIT’s Researchers who Have Developed Robotic FishC. Underwater robots that Influence Species in the OceanD. Rainbow Reef where the Robotic Fish Has Been TestedPassage DPoliteness is the practical application of good manners, the goal of which is to make all of the parties relaxed and comfortable. It's a flexible management of words and actions, by which we make other people have a better opinion of us and themselves. It seeks to build a positive relationship. 1．.However, in the rush of daily life being polite is social behavior that we find rare nowadays. 2．. They don’t even take the time to look around. This has led to the loss of simple social rules some might take for granted and that are particularly powerful.3．, people become less and less attentive to others’ feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. Take for instance the rudeness we tolerate when a person is looking at his phone when talking to us.Being polite is not just a simple social elegance. 4．. These days “Please” and “Thank You” are forgotten. And not many people are aware that these two simple words can easily open or close any door to us. Unfortunately, they often forget to say these words.Hope is not lost. There are many ways we can improve our behavior to achieve skills in politeness. There are simple things we can do to be considered as a polite and well-mannered person.5．, they will respect you back. Just make a change in our behavior to start. Use simple words like “Excuse me”, “Please”, and “Thank you” every day. Be kind to receive kindness. Care and politeness will get you far in all aspects of life.A．As technology progressesB．People have become more self-absorbedC．As long as you show your politeness for peopleD．Since for many people being polite remains a challengeE. Many languages have specific means to show politenessF. It aims to respect a person’s need to be liked and understoodG. It’s also about being kind, caring and respectful to ano ther personPassage EFew people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese1(dish)is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners2come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap3can be to eat out.I still remember4(visit)a friend who’d lived here for five years and I5(shock)when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to6(become)common for many young people in recent years,it’s not without a cost.The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be 7(afford)but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even8(high)cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in9(weigh)problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home10dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.参考答案：A1。
热点14 自然资源利用与生态修复---备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读热点14 自然资源利用与生态修复一、阅读理解1In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable（可持续的）ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil（棕榈油）, which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.A. it makes the world warmerB. it consumes natural resourcesC. it makes growth hard to continueD. it brings severe damage to forests2. To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can ______.A. cut public expensesB. forbid carbon emissionC. develop public resourcesD. encourage energy conservation3. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.A. develop sustainable productsB. explore new natural resourcesC. make full use of natural resourcesD. deal with the major challenge4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To compare two business models.B. To introduce a new business model.C. To advocate sustainable development.D. To predict a change of the global markets.2A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading（扩大）quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely falling below 16°C. Rainforests have a great influence on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect（反射）more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially（潜在地）causing certain natural disasters all over the world.In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources ：land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it a ctually reduces the world’s wood supply. Rainforests are often called the world's drugstore. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking（减少）rainforests.5. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they______.A. reflect more heat into the atmosphereB. bring about high rainfall throughout the worldC. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16°CD. absorb（吸收）the heat from the sun, reducing the effect of heat from the sun on the earth6. What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to?A. We will lose much more than we can gain.B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.C. People have a strong desire for resources.D. Much carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）comes from burning rainforests.7. It can be inferred from the text that______.A. we can get enough resources without rainforestsB. there is great medicine potential in rainforestsC. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained landD. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns8. What might be the best title for the text?A. How to Save Rainforests?B. How to Protect Nature?C. Rainforests and the Environment.D. Rainforests and Medical Development.3Ohio—Lake Erie, the smallest of North America's five Great Lakes, supplies fresh drinking water to an estimated 11 million people in Ohio, Michigan and southern Ontario province, Canada.Yet sometimes pollution, bath from industrial waste and farm-chemical run-off, leaves large areas of the lake covered in half-meter-thick layers of green slime. Scientists blame a lot of chemicals entering the water, which has caused pollution.To find out where these extra nutrients come from, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has been studying data from its network of 14 water-quality monitoring stations installed along the rivers that flow into the Lake Erie basin.At one point, water from the small stream is diverted into a pipe where it is pumped into the testing station.We'll have 'a sample a day, year-round every day so that really pins down what the chemistry is like," says Dave Baker of Ohio's Heidelberg University, who takes charge of the monitoring stations for the Department of Natural Resources.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the federal government's pollution watchdog, requires pointsources, such as factories, to monitor and report their discharges. So Baker is looking for where the other sources of pollution come from."If there are problems in Lake Erie, we want to know where it's coming from and make sure we're putting resources to solve the problem properly," Baker says.In this case, a primary source of the pollution turns out to be chemical fertilizer that turn off farmland during rainstorms.Because farmers believe fertilizers are essential to high crop yields, they would like to use them. However, the USDA's Natural Resource Conservation Service isn't asking them to abandon farm chemicals, but rather to use them more sparingly so they don't run off the land when it rains.Another technique for reducing farm chemical pollution of Lake Erie is cover-crop farming. After the harvest, farmers plant a second quick-growing crop to reduce erosion. The deep-rooted plants, such as rye or turnips, help to cover the soil, allowing worms and fungi to work their magic and helping the soil to absorb more water and nutrients.9. What is the problem with Lake Erie?A. There are no fish in it.B. There is little water in it.C. The water is unfit to drink.D. It contains a lot of chemicals.10. Who provides data about Lake Erie?A. The water-quality monitoring stations.B. Natural Resource Conservation Service.C. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources.D. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.11. The underlined phrase "pins down" in Paragraph 5 probably means " ".A. looks throughB. explains exactlyC. keeps a record ofD. shows clearly12. What causes the pollution in Lake Erie?A. Animal waste from nearby farms.B. Waste water from a nearby factory.C. Chemical fertilizers from the fields.D. Pesticide farmers used to kill locusts.13. Quick-growing crops can be planted to .A. prevent worms from eating cropsB. increase the harvest of the farmersC. make full use of chemical fertilizers in the soilD. keep the soil from being washed away4Hidden away in the mountains of western Tanzania is one of the largest lakes in the world: Lake Tanganyika.Environmentalists want to protect the beauty and biological diversity of this area from the harmful effects of overfishing and deforestation. However, in order to do this, they need the cooperation of people in the nearby village of Mahale. In this poor community, malaria and typhoid (疟疾和伤寒) are spreading, there is little access to doctors and 13% of children die before age 5. How can we expect people who cannot save their own children to care about saving the environment?While it is true that the Mahale villagers are suffering, environmentalists argue that Lake Tanganyika is in an equally terrible condition. This lake is home to hundreds of fish species found nowhere else on the globe. Eighty mammal species live in the surrounding forests and mountains. 90% of Tanzania’s endangered chimpanzees live in this area. Damage to this ecosystem will result in untold losses. Furthermore, environmentalists see the destruction of the environment as a direct function of the villagers’ poverty (贫穷): as the fish population decreases, people are forced to clear more land to grow rice and corn. As they clear more land, the soil run-off from deforestation further reduces the fish population, making it even more difficult for people to survive on fishing alone. This cycle harms both the Mahale villagers and the environment.To meet their goal of protecting Lake Tanganyika, environmentalists are now using a many-sided approach in Mahale: helping the villagers gain access to healthcare, educating fishermen and farmers about the effect of deforestation and their own role in the decreasing fish population, and protecting areas of the lake where fish lay eggs. Since natural resources can be the tool by which the people of Tanzania work themselves out of poverty, it is essential that these resources are managed well. By combining health services with protection activity, we can begin to heal the suffering in western Tanzania, for people and the land alike.14. What do we know about Lake Tanganyika from the passage?A. It leads to the people’s poverty.B. It faces a serious situation now.C. It is the largest lake in the world.D. It’s home to some unique animals in the world.15. Which of the following might environmentalists agree with?A. Saving lives is more important than saving the lake.B. Offering the locals healthcare directly contributes to less fishing of the lake.C. Educating the locals can promote their awareness of environmental protection.D. Gaining access to natural resources is the only way for locals to fight poverty.16. What might be the best title for the passage?A. Protecting Lake TanganyikaB. The Poor Life of Villagers in MahaleC. The Importance of Lake TanganyikaD. Villagers in Mahale and Lake Tanganyika5In the oceans, concrete is the main construction material, accounting for more than 70% of coastal and marine construction such as ports, coastal defence structures and waterfronts. "Concrete is damaging in the ocean because, to put it in place, natural ecosystems are destroyed," says Alex Rogers, director of science at REV Ocean, a not-for-profit company studying ocean health and raising awareness of global impacts on the marine environment. "Concrete is a conventional material, and it is low cost. But really, in this day and age, we should be looking at alternative materials that have a lower impact on the environment."Those alternatives might already be here. Among them is a substance called ECOncrete, developed as an eco-friendly concrete. ECOncrete produces bio enhancing concrete products intended to protect coastlines and marine resources. This is achieved by using a mixture made almost entirely of by-products and recycled materials, and is thus nearly carbon neutral. This mixture is combined with up to 70% slag cement(a by product of the steel industry which has a low carbon footprint) and is beneficial for marine concrete thanks to its high chloride resistance. The overall result is a low-carbon concrete.Furthermore, unlike traditional concrete, which is highly alkaline, the specially designed concrete has a pH value near to that of sea water, which helps to promote the growth of marine species such as crabs, molluscs, clams, mussels and oysters. ECOncrete's products are already in use across eight countries and six different seas, from seawalls in Hong Kong to the Port of Rotterdam.However, Beth Strain, a lecturer in marine biology and a project leader for Australia's National Centre for Coasts and Climate, says the evidence for eco-friendly concrete as a better surface for marine organisms is very mixed. “It can be location specific. We did an experiment in 15 harbours around the world with the same type of concrete surface complexity. Largely, the results were positive, but in Penang, Malaysia, for example, using eco-friendly concrete that would theoretically retain moisture and be better for organisms to survive on made no difference.” Strain thinks this is because of th e area's typhoons, which make the area very wet already, so the features of the concrete aren't a big help.“There is a degree of difference and each location will have its own environmental challenges,” says Strain.Nevertheless, from multiple perspectives, it appears that nature-based solutions are definitely the way forward.17. What can we know about ECOncrete from paragraph 2 and 3?A. It is a substance that is highly alkaline.B. It is a substance made of eco-friendly materials.C. It is a company aiming to keep marine resources safe.D. It is a mixture which is combined with low-carbon concrete.18. What does Beth Strain's attitude towards eco-friendly concrete?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Objective.D. Supportive.19. What caused the result in Penang according to Beth Strain?A. The climate of the area.B. The pH value of sea water.C. The researchers of the project.D. The diversity of marine organism.20. Which one may be a possible solutions in the future?A. Invent a new artificial material.B. Install monitors under the oceans.C. Pull down all the coastal constructions.D. Use eco-blocks in coastal constructions.6"We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. ... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth" These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humans to last far into the future is to colonize (殖民) other planets. That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible discase, or some other disaster strikes Earth, we would still have a chance. Mars is one of the best choices. NASA, the private company SpaceX，and other organizations all have plans to send humans there. "Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we go out of existence,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It's not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars task would be better spent on more importantprojects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host some life. Human visitors may destroy this life or change the Martian environment forever. What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay at home?21. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________A. provide an explanationB. make a comparisonC. reach a conclusionD. introduce a topic22. In Paragraph 2, many experts recommend colonizing Mars in order to ________.A. protect humans from dying outB. make Hawking's dream come trueC. seek more space for humans to live inD. encourage different organizations to compete23. For what reason are some scientists against colonizing Mars?A. Out of space, out of mind.B. Money should be well spent.C. East or west, home is the best.D. One should mind his own business.24. What’s the author's attitude towards colonizing Mars?A. Confident.B. Doubtful.C. Objective.D. Supportive.7In Australia and other developed countries, consumption (消耗) is viewed as important for economic growth. In recent years, however, concern has grown about the increasing number of people consuming limited resources at a shocking rate. The United States has only about 5 percent of the world's population, yet consumes about 35 percent of the world's energy.Impressive packaging and storage such as refrigeration is a luxury (奢侈) that consumers in developed countries take for granted (认为理所当然). In many parts of the world where refrigeration is either unavailable or too expensive, fresh food is bought daily from open-air markets.These markets make little influence on the environment. They do not use energy to store food and because they mostly operate during daylight hours, no electricity is used for lighting. Packaging is mostly unnecessary, and when needed, is often made from biodegradable (可生物降解的) vegetable matter. These markets still exist inmany parts of the developed world, but are an alternative (供选择的) form of shopping. Even in developing countries, shops are fast becoming the main places for consumers.Commercial (商业的) packaging is becoming as much a part of consumption in developing countries as it is in developed countries. Plastic bags, drink cans, and hamburger containers are now thrown into rubbish piles along with banana leaves which are a more traditional form of packaging. In most cases, it all ends up at the local garbage disposal plant and is not recycled.Many people are starting to notice the influence of consumerism on the environment. It is affecting not only the earth, but also our health. Some scientists think that the greenhouse effect has increased due to the production, use and disposal of many of the products we use.25. What does the author think of packaging and refrigeration?A. It's quite necessary.B. It's a costly process.C. It's the progress of society.D. It's different from consumerism.26. What can be known about the open-air markets in developing countries?A. They are not changing.B. They can't be seen now.C. They are getting less popular.D. They are appearing in more places.27. What are rarely used as packaging according to the author?A. Drink cans.B. Plastic bags.C. Banana leaves.D. Hamburger containers.28. What's the best title for the text?A. Different Ways of PackagingB. Technology vs. the EnvironmentC. Markets in Developing CountriesD. Consumption vs. Economic Growth8A group of scientists are hurrying to document and protect the ancient ruins along Puerto Rico's coasts. They are working as fast as they can before rising sea levels destroy a large part of the island's history.The work started in August 2017. With the help of 3D imaging and other advanced technologies, the scientists have explored a large piece of land along Puerto Rico's north coast and identified an ancient ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians. About 2,000 years ago, the Tainoes lived on many islands in the Caribbean Sea. But after the arrival of Christopher Columbus and other Europeans, they were all killed.Scientists also found a large living place just east of the site? which is seriously endangered by rising sea levels and other natural disasters. Puerto Rico's Department of Natural Resources has said the sea level around the island is rising by more than 3 mm every year.However, climate change has more immediate effects. These include the destruction of the Puerto Rico coastline and natural habitats by storms.Warmer temperatures in the Caribbean increase the number and strength of storms and Puerto Rico faces the possibility of storms every year for six months during the Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Maria had already washed away part of its history.Scientists are now trying to find out how badly the hurricanes and loss of land have affected the heritage site they are studying. Eric Lo is an engineer who flew to Puerto Rico in August 2017 to start the project one month before Maria struck the island. Lo was surprised at what he saw when he returned months later.“Pieces of land where I stood do not exist anymore. They are underwater,” he said.29. Where did the scientists find the ancient Taino Indians' living place?A. Under the Caribbean Sea.B. In a European country.C. On Puerto Rico's north coast.D. Along Puerto Rico's east coast.30. Why have the Tainos disappeared from the islands in the Caribbean Sea?A. They were killed by the Europeans.B. They were destroyed by Hurricane Maria.C. They were driven away by the rising sea levels.D. They were moved away by their government.31. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. The serious damage caused by storms.B. The plan to protect the heritage sites.C. The loss of natural habitats in Puerto Rico.D. The worsening climate conditions in the world.32. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The Obvious Effects of Global Climate ChangeB. Efforts to Preserve Puerto Rico's Coastal HeritageC. New Discoveries of Ancient Taino Indians' RuinsD. Technologies Used to Identify the Ancient Ruins9This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties (伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main condition s for the disastrous fires. Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday.Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how firemanagement resources are dispatched (派遣).33. What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1?A. The causes of Australian fires.B. The results of Australian fires.C. The damaged areas of Australian fires.D. The property destruction of Australian fires.34. Which of the following best explains “susceptible to” in the second paragraph?A. Very quickly to adapt to.B. Very seriously to focus on.C. Very easily to be protected against.D. Very likely to be influenced by.35. What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?A. Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading.B. Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.C. The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.D. Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires.36. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?A. To provide some advice about reducing damage.B. To show the methods for controlling burns.C. To predict the seriousness of Australian fires.D. To stress the effects of Australian fires.10The best and most-commonly used sources for the pills we have are oily fish like salmon（畦），mackerel and sardines. Many environmentalists fear that some species are being over fished for this purpose. We may have an endless voracity for fish oil, but we don't have an endless supply of fish.Menhaden, which is described as “a big-headed, smelly, foot-long fish" , is in great danger. Although prized for dinner in the 18th century, the species has become the unknown victim of the fish oil business 9 which presents us with potential sea fish. Menhaden filter-feed almost entirely on algae （海藻）and is especially good at changing it into-3 fatty acids, which make them a good target for fish oil companies.One particular company, Protein of Houston, has been fishing 90 percent of the country' s menhaden. It's become such a big problem that 13 of the 15 Atlantic states have banned the company * s boats from their waters. Yet the company is still allowed to fish in North Carolina and Virginia, as well as federal waters; the company * s efforts result in the removing of half a billion menhaden every year.Aside from running out a public natural resource for a company，s private profit, the damage to the ecosystem is cause for alarm. The muddy brown color of the Long Island Sound is the direct result of lacking water nitration （过滤）一a job that was once done by menhaden.Menhaden keep the ocean waters of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts clean. A menhaden filters four to six gallons of water of algae in a minute, which prevents underwater dead zones.Measures should be taken to avoid the over fished situation. Plant seeds such as flax seed, chiaseeds, hemp seeds, and sesame seeds —and particularly their oils —are good vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids, although the mix of specific acids is different from which one can get with fish.37. Why does menhaden become a good fish for companies to make pills?A. It is good at forming-3 fatty acids.B. It feeds mainly on the harmful algae.C. It is well-known for its rich protein.D. It is relatively easy for companies to catch.38. What does the underlined word "voracity" in paragraph 1 mean?A. troubleB. shortageC. resourceD. appetite39. What does the author intend to suggest us in the last paragraph?A. To grow more plants for their seeds to make oil.B. To use some substitutes instead of more fish oil.C. To call on the government to make laws in fishing.D. To take part in more activities to protect the environment.40. What is the best title for the text?A. The broken natural ecosystem.B. The process of making fish oil.C. Bad effects of fish oil making.D. How to use natural resources.11Henderson Island in the South Pacific Ocean has always been known for its remarkable biological diversity and untouched ecology. Now, the remote UNESCO World Heritage site that lies 3，100 miles from the closest human settlement can also lay claim to being one of the most polluted places on Earth.Jennifer Lavers, a researcher from the University of Tasmania’s Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies who。
高考英语_专题14_阅读理解(主旨大意题)_解题指导-_2021年高中英语寒假辅导讲义
专题十四阅读理解（主旨大意题）阅读理解题型分类主旨大意题的考查，要求学生通过阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨大意所在，在理解文章内容的基础上，找到文章大意或段落大意，主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。
主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic)，概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。
主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。
一、主旨大意题的分类主旨大意题的分类及其常见设问形式1. 标题概括类做此类试题时，要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。
解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
常见设问形式有：What is the best title for this passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage?What can be a suitable title for the text?What might be the best title for the passage?The best title of the passage is ______.The suitable headline of the passage may be ______.2. 文章大意类每篇文章都有中心思想，可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。
主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。
因此，在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。
常见设问形式有：What is the main idea of the passage?Which of the following can best summarize the passage?What is the message conveyed in the story?What does the passage mainly present?What is the main theme of the story?What does the story mainly tell us?What does the passage mainly talk about?The passage is mainly about ______.The main purpo se of the passage is to ______.The passage is mainly written to ______.3. 段落大意类每个段落通常都有一个中心思想，通常会在本段首句体现出来，即常说的段落主题句。
2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析
解密14阅读理解之推理判断题1. It can be inferred from the text that…2. We can conclude that…3. When the writer talks ab out..., what he really means is that…4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?【备考建议】从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，根据高考对阅读理解之推理判断题的考察，在复习备考中，考生应该从以下五大题型注意复习：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。
常见的设问方式：It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________.The author mainly suggests that ________.It can be concluded from the passage that_______.The writer implies but not directly states _______.What does the author imply about newspapers?细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。
做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
干扰项特点：1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。
解题技巧1. 要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。
3. 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
2021届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解_推理判断题一含解析
阅读理解——推理判断题(一)ATeenage life is quite dramatic but that doesn't mean you cannot enjoy your life in these years.Even with your daily troubles，your life is not very hard if you know how to deal with them.I know exactly how you feel.Teenage life can be hard.You are not a kid anymore，because you are smart enough to observe and analyze your surroundings.However，you are still not an adult because there are still lots of experiences that you need to have and lessons that you need to learn from these experiences.To top it all，the hormonal(荷尔蒙的)imbalance in your body can really mess you up.I have been there.I was in it for six years exploring what life is about!As a teenager，I had a major problem completing my chores on time.And at that time，all that I needed to do was to finish my assignments，study for the upcoming tests and clean my room.Now，I have much more things to do: cooking，cleaning and working while striking a balance between all my relationships related to work，family and friends.That really is a lot of work.So，I will just give you one golden tip，quoting from Benjamin Franklin，“Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.”Life becomes much easier now because I finish all my work on time and I have enough time to let my hair down.Half the problems of a teenager appear because we hate doing things.We'd rather go and have fun than sit down and take on our responsibilities.That is why you have so much trouble in your life；your parents won't let you go out with friends because you haven't cleaned your room or your teacher is always criticizing you because you haven't finished your assignments.[语篇解读] 作者通过自己的经历告诉我们：如果你懂得如何处理日常烦恼，你的青少年生活就没有那么难了。
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考阅读理解复习专题(05)推来判断题型考点分析总结
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考阅读理解复习专题（05）推来判断题型考点分析总结阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心，分析选项的特点是基础，读懂原文的主旨是条件。
做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。
高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；《考纲》能力要求的后三项对应的是推理判断题型。
推理判断题型是阅读理解题型难度最大的题型，而且所占比例不断上升。
该题型要求考生不仅要理解文章的主旨和事实细节，还要根据文章的主旨和事实细节进行合理的推断。
即领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论。
因此考生需要充分阅读理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。
首先按照题干要求的范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过“顺序原则”找到区域范围。
然后根据题干和对应的内容进行合理推断，经常会出现may, probably等词。
考生千万不要根据自己的经验和主观意愿判断，更不要去选虽然选项内容根据文章是正确的事实细节，但却不是推断性的选项。
推断判断题分类1. 推断隐含意义常见提问方式：1.It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that ________ .=We can infer /conclude from the passage ________.2.The story/ passage implies /suggests /indicates that _________.=The passage implies,but doesn't directly state that ________.3.From the text /passage we know that …is most likely ________.4.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?解题方法：例如：Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控）in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The'if it bleeds' rule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Q: What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A. They're socially inactive.B. They're good at telling stories.C. They're inconsiderate of others.D. They're careful with their words.【解题思路】第一步，根据题干中infer确定是推断隐含意义；第二步，速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词；1. They want your eyeballs and don't care howyou're feeling.2. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.3. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.第三步，根据该题选项的特点，排除事实细节选项，结合文章主旨和上述内容推断出正确选项C。
2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——推理判断题
2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——推理判断题Jim found himself exhausted during a trip. When he came home, he went to see a doctor. “The reason why I was fatigued(精疲力竭),” Jim says, "was that my kidneys were gone. ”Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis(透析) three times a week. A person of his age on dialysis usually lives only about four years. Transplants are a long-shot alternative. The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types.Jim's wife, nephew and four family friends offered but weren't a match. Jim was so discouraged that he was even considering not attending a reunion of some Air Force buddies (铁哥们).But his wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadn't seen for nearly 50 years: Doug Coffman. The two had met. when they both were learning Vietnamese before they went overseas.Doug, then 70, felt a strong bond with his band of brothers, even though he hadn't seen some of them for decades. Their connection went beyond the battlefield in ways most, soldiers never experience.Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like it was a time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim. Fortunately, series of testing revealed not only that Doug's tissue type matched Jim’s but also that he had the kidneys of a35-year-old.The transplant was a success. "It's pretty miraculous to be able to take an organ out of one person's body—a living organ—p ut it in another person's body, and have it work.” Doug says. "And there's nothing finer than knowing I've helped another person live a better life.1.From paragraph 2 we know that kidney transplant is ________.A.expensiveB.dangerousC.a matter of luckD.an unwise choice2.How old was Jim when he went overseas?A.About 17.B.About 19.C.About 22.D.About 25.3.What can we infer from Doug's words in the last paragraph?A.Doug is happy to donate a kidney to Jim.B.Jim is having a better life than Doug.C.The kidney transplant was very successful.D.Modern medical science is very advanced.Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)(孤独症) is a disability that can cause serious social, communication and behavioral problems. There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that makes them different from other people, but people with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people. The learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of people with ASD can range from pretty good to extremely bad. Some people with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less.People with ASD often have problems with social, emotional, and communication skills. They might repeat certain behaviors and might not want change in their daily activities. Many people with ASD may also have difficulties learning, paying attention, or reacting to things. Signs of ASD begin during early childhood and probably last throughout a person's life.Diagnosing(诊断) ASD can be difficult since there is no medical test, like a blood test, to assess the disorders. Doctors look at the child's behavior and development to make a judgement. ASD can sometimes be diagnosed at 18 months or younger. By age 2 , an experienced doctor can be considered very reliable in diagnosing ASD . However, many children may not see a doctor until much older.There is currently no cure for ASD . However, research shows that early treatment services can improve a child's development. Early treatment services help children from birth to 3 years old(36 months) learn important skills. Therefore, it is important to talk to your child's doctor as soon as possible if you think your child has ASD or other developmental problems.We do not know all of the causes of ASD . However, most scientists agree that genes are one of the highest risk factors that can make a person more likely to develop ASD .If you think your child might have ASD or you think there could be a problem with the way your child plays, learns, speaks, or acts, contact your child's doctor, and share your concerns. If you're not sure who to contact, call the Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center( ECTA) at 919-962-2001. Or visit the ECTA website: https:// ectacenter .org .1.What can we infer from the article?A.The earlier an ASD kid is diagnosed, the better it is for his(her) treatment.B.Doctors simply have no way to diagnose an ASD kid at all.C.Doctors can diagnose ASD by blood testing.D.Doctors can diagnose ASD with the help of machines.2.Who is most likely to be an ASD patient of the following people?A.Someone who prefers to talk a lot in daily life.B.Someone who has got an ASD brother.C.Someone who wants to hug you in public.D.Someone who sings in a strange voice.3.Where is this article possibly from?A.A guidebook for new parents.cation section of a newspaper.C.A student's diary.D.A medical magazine.“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.” “Two full inches in the first three days!”These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way add to beauty or desirability.Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA(Food and Drug Administration) can require proof under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the marker is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action ,including seizure(查封)of the product.One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life. Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings( 诉讼), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.1.It can be inferred that the ads mentioned at the beginning of the passage are _______.A.illegalB.unreliableC.objectiveD.costly2.Which of the following will the author probably agree with?A.The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.B.It is possible that new products are questionable.C.The production of a device must be approved by FDA.D.The promoters usually just care about profits.3.The Relaxacisor is mentioned in the passage as _______.A.a product which was designed to produce electricityB.a product whose distributor was involved in a legal caseC.a successful advertisement of a beauty productD.an example of a quality beauty product“May she grow up to be as intelligent as her mother.”“May she become a good hostess.”“May she be the most beautiful bride in Quanzhou.”“She will be a famous authoress.”This last wish was expressed by my elder uncle. I knew it because, being himself fond of writing, he always said the same thing to every-born baby.The inspection was over; the little girl was wrapped up again and carried away. The relatives presented my mother with gifts. There were eggs in woven baskets, cackling hens, bags of sugar, and selected rice. My grandmother glanced from the bag of sweets to me, and began laughing again.The procession of relatives moved to the dining room. At the table, the return gifts from our family were distributed, each relative receiving two red eggs. I was sad; we did not have enough money, so I could not stick a gilt-paper hieroglyphic meaning “luck” on the egg.A year later, on my sister’s birthday the same relatives again crowded into our house. A red tablecloth was put on a table in the sitting room, and all sorts of objects were spread out: a needle and thread, a saucepan, a teapot, a paint-brush, an inkpot, a knife, a book of verses, a book of stories, a flexible spear, and a piece of printed silk.Then the little girl, who, in her embarrassment, was trying to stick her foot into her mouth, was brought to the table, to see what object she would pick up first. If she takes a brush, she will be an authoress; if she grabs at a saucepan, she will be a housewife; if she touches silk, she will be a well-dressed woman; if she picks up a spear, she will make herself famous as a heroine or a chieftain.I don’t know what object my little sister chose. Judging by the fact that she is now in Peking University, and shows a great deal of interest in literature, she must have chosen a brush or a book. However, she was a niece of two teachers. So many books and so much stationary were piled up that day on the red cloth that the insignificant needle and thread had no chance of getting into the hands of little An An.In those days, she was the important person in the house. But I didn’t mind. I was grown up.I was six years older than she.1.What is mainly described in the first four paragraphs?A.The predictions for the newly-born baby.B.The greetings for the newly-born baby.C.The affections for the newly-born baby.D.The blessings for the newly-born baby.2.Why will she make herself famous as a chieftain if she picks up a spear?A.Because a spear belongs to kitchenware.B.Because a spear makes her escape easily.C.Because a spear produces bad smells.D.Because a spear protects her from being hurt.3.What is the author’s attitude to the fact that the little sister was the c enter in the house?A.Tolerant.B.Jealous.C.Inspirational.D.Overjoyed.“While animals can’t pick out precise numbers, they can understand that more is more. Interestingly, we know now that numerical(数值的)competence is present on almost every branch of the animal tree of life,” says Andreas Nieder, a neurobiologist from the Univers ity of Tuebingen. “Different groups of animals obviously developed this trait(特点)independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”Honeybees, for instance, can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back to the hive. The last common ancestor between honeybees and primates lived about 600 million years ago. But still, they evolved numerical competence that, in many respects, is comparable to vertebrate(脊椎动物的)numerical competence. Also, for example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening for the complexity of their calls, choose the male that sings the most calls.Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for the size of their prey(猎物): With prey like deer, only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild ox requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves from predators — deer tend to live in large herds to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey. So obviously they are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations.Despite these many examples of numerical competence in animals, this subject has not gotten many first-hand studies. “Many of these behavioral findings in the wild have usually been collected as by-products or accidental findings of other research questions,” says Nieder. He argues that more research needs to be done to fully understand the numerical competence.1.The phenomenon of animals having their own numerical competence shows that ________.A.all groups of animals are related in some waysB.numerical competence must have a survival benefitC.the intelligence of animals varies with different environmentsD.animals’ numerical competence is determined by their adaptability2.How does the author mainly develop this text?A.By listing figures.B.By asking questions.C.By giving examples.D.By making comparisons.3.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A travel brochure.D.A research paper.The latest witch-hunt is under way. The witches are the rapid innovation in robotics and computing, ready to replace humans in performing increasingly difficult tasks and so replace jobs across the employment market. The main view is that rapid technological innovation has been taking jobs faster than it is creating them.We appear to be cornering ourselves in the narrow view that crowds man and machine onto the same tasks. But there is another view, for a positive man-machine dynamic. While not in the majority, arguments exist for a man-machine future. They celebrate that which is uniquely human – meaning and creativity – and that which should be the main business of humans in the first place.In his latest article, for example, David Nordfors makes a distinction between atask-centered and human-centered economy. In the task-centered economy humans have no value beyond the tasks they perform. As a result, they are indistinguishable from machines and will be replaced by them as soon as technology can be applied. In the human-centered economy on the other hand, machines allow humans to escape from predefined tasks with prestated outcomes. This allows them to exercise the value that appears from working with other humans on open-ended, creative efforts.In Reinventing the Sacred, Stuart Kauffman mainly puts to rest the idea that human brains will become indistinguishable from algorithms as machines finally reach shocking sophistication. Kauffman points out that higher order human mental processes are beyond algorithms. Philosophers such as Sanders Pierce and design thinkers such as Roger Martin have long suggested the ability of human minds to perform leaps of logic to get to creative solutions. Going beyond logic-based arguments and case study proof, Kauffman describes how machine algorithms, even based on the most sophisticated AI technologies, can only solve problems which are limited by prestated guesses.We have, for the majority of humanity’s history, used humans for robotic, repeatable, efficiency-minded tasks. Technology has finally reached a point where creativity and meaning are accessible to everyone. As David Nordfors rightly says, never yet seen so much wealth is waiting to be seen. We are ready to forever get rid of the last form of human slavery: meaningless, dehumanizing, algorithmic work.1.In a human-centered economy, machines ______.A.take the place of human laborsB.get in the way of human progressC.work with people on creative activitiesD.free people for the exploration of creativity and meaning2.According to the text, Stuart Kauffman most probably agrees that ______.A.AI technologies have the ability to do creative thinkingB.leaps of logic distinguish humans from machinesC.human brains can be viewed as upgraded computersD.machine algorithms are beyond human minds’ ability答案以及解析答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A解析：1.推理判断题。
(2021年整理)英语阅读理解推理判断之文章出处或读者对象题
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英语阅读理解推理判断之文章出处或读者对象题真题感悟：（2018·全国Ⅱ，B）Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance。
These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,although，because of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein（蛋白质),iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein）．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants（抗氧化物质）．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries（樱桃),they are so delicious who cares？However，they are rich in vitamin C。
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2021届好教育小题必练(1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。
(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。
1.推断隐含意义——逻辑分析得结论【典例】（2020·全国1卷B 篇节选）There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast . Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm , her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight : Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He’s an editor.C. He’s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。
根据“The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry.”第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌。
可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。
故选A 项。
【点拨】第一步 确定题干中的关键信息第二步 在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
2. 写作意图类——文体特点看意图【典例】（2020·全国2卷C篇节选）Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。
由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。
故选A。
【点拨】写作意图通常有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers/to tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。
(2)to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常见于广告。
(3)to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe ... 多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文章。
3.观点态度类——依据措辞定态度【典例】（2020·全国1卷C篇节选）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。
研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。
不过，它也有自己的问题。
由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。
故选B项。
【点拨】1.注意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。
(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。
(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。
(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
2.牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous 幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。
(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。
(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的。
ASpotify can tell if you're sad. Here's why that should scare you. Want to figure out if someone is a patient with a mental disability：Ask them what their favorite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem's Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber's What Do You Mean? were more likely to have trouble with mental disabilities than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been improving the ability to analyze information to help businessmen target consumers with advertisements made specially for their needs. They conclude this from the sort of music you're listening to, combined with where and when you're listening to it, along with thirdparty data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there's nothing significantly illegal about what Spotify is doing with your information. I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serveyou ads selling a culture struggle while you're listening to music that suggests you might be in a terrible situation. However, I find it disappointing that our personal, private moments with music are increasingly being turned into information points and offered to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can't you? As ad targeting gets ever more accurate, businessmen will have the ability to target our feelings in potentially improper ways. According to one study, you are more likely to spend more on a product if you're feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. And on that note, I'm feeling a little down about all this. Head off to treat myself to something expensive.1. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?A．To introduce a new song.B．To draw readers' attention.C．To help more patients.D．To promote a new medium.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。