名词性从句备课彭

名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

它的功能相当于名词，引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类。

功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。

that, whether, if，as if（只用于表词从句）功能例词连接代词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。

Who, whom, whose, what, which whoever ,whatever ,whichever功能例词连接副词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。

when, where,why, how how many, how much1、主词从句(1) That he will come is certain.(2) Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.(3) What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.(4) Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern.(5) Where she has gone is not known yet.当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用it 作形式主语。

主语从句中it 作形式主语的几个句型。

(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，natural，surprising，wonderful，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句(3)It ＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that 从句(1)It is said that he is the best student in the class.(2) It is thought that Joe drives badly.注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever 等引导主语从句的含义。

Whatever he likes will be given to him.(whatever＝any-thing that )他喜欢的所有东西都会给他。

Whoever did this job must be rewarded.(whoever＝any person who)无论谁做了这项工作一定要得到酬谢。

2、表语从句：(1) This was what Tom was reading.(2) The truth is that I have never been there.(3) It looks as if it is going to rain.(4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late.(5) This is how we overcame the difficulties.(6) That is why she was absent yesterday.(7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.主语是reason 时，表语从句常用that，不用because。

The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill.他没来的原因是他病了。

主语是advice，suggestion，order 等表建议、要求、命令等的名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。

My advice is that she (should) not say anything to the press.我建议她什么也不要对新闻界讲。

3、宾语从句1、用作及物动词的宾语(1) They pretended that they were reading in the room.(2) I didn’t know what they were talking about.(3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer?(4) He couldn’t tell where his home was.(5) John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him.2）介词后面的宾语从句I was pleased by what he told me.He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. He told of how he helped the old woman to find hermissing son.用作某些形容词的宾语从句：这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。

(1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening.(2) We were not surprised that he returned three days later than expected.(3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing.(4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。

如：(1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider.whether可构成whether...or not结构；介词后宾语从句用whether 而不用if；I am not sure whether he will come here or not.我不确定他是否会来这儿。

It depends on whether you can do the work well.这取决于你能否把工作做好。

think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine 等动词构成否定句时，否定词要前移。

I don't suppose he cares，does he ?我想他不在意，是吗？3．insist，suggest，demand，order，propose后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为：(should＋)动词原形。

I suggested that he (should) not be taken along.我建议不带他去。

4、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。

引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what,why, how…等。

(1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.(2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.(3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.(4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.(5) They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。

He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句）The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.（定语从句）2010·北京高考) ________ some people regard as adrawback is seen as a plus by many others. A．Whether B．WhatC．That D．How解析：此题考查名词性从句。

句意：被一些人所认为是不利(足)的(东西)，被其他一些人认为是有利(益)的。

drawback不利，缺点；plus优点，益处。

what引导主语从句，且在从句中充当宾语。

答案： B(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)We haven't discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture.A．that B．whichC．what D．where解析：考查名词性从句。

题干中We haven't discussed yet后为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，因此空白处应填where，故答案为D。

答案：D(2010·江苏高考)—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—That's ________ I don't agree. You should have a more active life.A．where B．howC．when D．what解析：考查名词性从句。