名词性从句whoever与no matter who有何区别
whoever与no matter who有何区别
有这样一道题：
I will give the ticket to __________ wants it.
A. whoever
B. no matter who
C. whatever
D. no matter what
此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C，D都是错的，因为从句意上看，“想要票的”应
该是“人”(whoever)而不能是“东西”(whatever)。至于为什么选 whoever 而不选no matter who，这要从它们在句中引导的成分说起：
no matter who通常只能引导状语从句，而不能引导名词性从句。而 whoever 既可引导
名词性从句(= anyone that)也可引导状语从句(=no matter who)：
如何理解宾语从句的时态呼应
理解宾语从句的时态响应，应注意以下几种情况：
1. 无需呼应的情况：若主句谓语动词的时态为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词
可根据句意的需要使用任何所需要的时态。如：
He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
No one knows where he was born. 没有人知道他出生于何地。
Tom says that he’ll never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。
2. 主句为过去时的情况：若主句谓语动词为过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词应用相应的
过去时态。如：
She asked me if I’d slept well. 她问我睡得好不好。
I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。
He said he was going to accompany her home. 他说他将陪她回家。
当主句谓语动词为过去时，即使宾语从句所表示的时间是现在，通常也用过去时。如：Oh! I didn’t know you were here. 啊! 我不知道你在这里。(you were here指说话的当时)
Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 你好! 我不知道你
在伦敦。你来这里多久了? (you were in London其实是指说话的当时)
当然，为避免误会，我们也可以直接使用现在时态或将来时态来表示现在或将来要发
生的情况，而无需考虑与主句谓语的过去时相呼应。如：
She said she’ll be back tonight. 她说她今晚回来。
He said that the meeting is Tuesday. 他说会议于星期二举行。
3. 从句为客观真理的情况：当宾语从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，可以不受时态
呼应的限制，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如(www.yygrammar.co m)：
The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉学生，光的速度
比声速快。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。
关于引导宾语从句that的省略问题
在通常情况下，引导宾语从句的连词that 是可以省略的。如：
I know (that) she is under thirty. 我知道她不到三十岁。
I think (that) Diana will pass the exam. 我想戴安娜考试会及格的。
She says (that) she is coming to London next week. 她说她下周要来伦敦。
但在以下几种特殊情况，引导宾语从句的连词that 不能省略：
1. 当为了强调把that引导的宾语从句可位于句首时，that不能省略。如：
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。
That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
2. 当that从句与动词被其他词或从句隔开时，that一般不宜省略，以免造成语义混乱。如：
They told us once again that the situation was serious.他们又一次告诉我们说形势是严重的。
The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the mo ney without delay. 那个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车，并说我会立即收到款。
3. 当两个或多个that引导的宾语从句并列使用时，即使省略了第一个从句的引导词tha t，后面的that也不可省略。如：
He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand. 他说他不能
马上告诉你，你是不会理解的。(https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)
He said (that) it wasn’t his business and that the government should do something about it. 他说这不关他的事，而是政府应该对这事想点办法。
4当主句与宾语从句之间插有其他成分时引导宾语从句的that通常不能省略。如。如：
◆她答应要是谁找到他的儿子，她会给他一大笔钱。
正：She promised (that) she would give him a lot of money if anyone found her son.
正：She promised that if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money
误：She promised if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money
◆他说等他妻子回来，他就离开。
这个宾语从句用who还是whoever引导
有这样一道题，这个宾语从句该用什么来引导？who 还是 whoever？
I won’t go there alone, and I’ll take _________ wants to go.
A. anyone
B. who
C. whoever
D. what
【分析】此题应选C，容易误选A或B，误选的原因主要是直接按中文意思套译，即将其译为“我不会一个人去，谁想去我就带谁去”。当然若将A, B两项合起来(即anyone who)则也正确。选项 C(whoever) 引导一个宾语从句，用作 take 的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：
(1) _________ comes is welcome.
A. Anyone
B. Who
C. Anyone who
D. Everyone
【分析】此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都是欢迎的”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词comes 和is，但却只是一个句子。
此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。
(2) _________ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
A. Anyone
B. Who
C. Whoever
D. Everyone
【分析】此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，
相当于 no matter who。
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _________ shares her interests.
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
【分析】此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上who，即用anyone who；也不能选B，
一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词shares)，二是因为在现代英语中whomever 这个词已基本废除(也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：
It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D. whomever
1. what 引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语等)，而 that 引导名
词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。
2. what 引导名词从句时，它有词义(表示：什么；所……的[东西])；而 that 引导名词从句时，它没有词义。
请做以下试题，注意区别 what 和 that。如：
1. ________ you said is different from the thing ________he told us.
A. What, what
B. That, that
C. What, that
D. That, what
2.—I think ________ he said is true.(https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)
—But don’t forget the fact ________he is a cheat.
A. what, what
B. that, that
C. what, that
D. that, what
3. ________ surprised us most is ________he spoke English so well.
A. What, what
B. That, that
C. What, that
D. That, what
答案：1. C 2. C 3. C
如何区别引导名词从句的whether与that
whether与that均可引导名词从句，该如何区别呢？
__________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. When
此题应选 B。容易误选A，C。
1.关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用; 但若引导主语从句，则用wh ether (不用if)，排除A。又如。如：
他是否会来还是个问题。
误：If he will come is a question.
正：Whether he will come is a question.
2.关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whethe r表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that 引导主语从句时，本身没有词义(that在其他名词性从句中也没有词义)，但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较(https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)：
1.a. That we’ll hold a meeting is decided. 我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。
b. Whether we’ll hold a meeting is not decided. 我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。
2. a. That he has left here is clear. 他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。
b. Whether he has left here is not clear. 他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。
3. a. That he can finish it in two hours is clear. 他能在两小时内完成它，这是显然的。
b. Whether he can finish it in two hours is a question. 他能否在两小时内完成它还是问题。
that, why 与 because 引导表语从句时的区别
虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但 that 没有词义，而 why 和 because 有自己的意思；另外，虽然 why和 because 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。如：The reason was that you don’t trust her. 原因是你不信任她。
The fact is that they are angry with each other. 事实是他们生彼此的气。
He was ill. That’s why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了，所以被送到医院来。
He was sent to the hospital. That’s because he was ill. 他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。
whether 和if引导名词性从句的区别
两者均可用于及物动词后引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换。但除此(用于动词
后引导宾语从句)之外，在其他情况下表示“是否”时，通常要用 whether 而不用 if，如用
于引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等，或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与 or not 连用等等。如：
Ask him whether [if] he can come. 问他能不能来。
The question is whether he can do it. 问题是他能不能做。
Answer my question whether you can help him. 回答我你是否能帮助他。
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。
注：在某些动词后(如 discuss 等) 通常只用 whether。如：
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否要开一个会。
学习名词性从句的应注意的关键点
1. 备考主语从句应注意以下三点
一是从句作主语，主句谓语动词用第三人称单数；
二是主语从句通常用it作形式主语，尤其是在It is +名词 / 形容词 / 过去分词+that…中，或在It seems / happens that…中，或疑问句中；
三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语。
2. 备考宾语从句应注意以下四点
一是介词后(except等除外)一般不跟that引导的宾语从句，但可接疑问词引导的宾语从句；
二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将that从句置于补语之后；
三是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时，若宾语从句要表示否定意义，往往要通过否主句来实现，即所谓否定转移；
四是虽然引导宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但若宾语从句前有插入语或有间接宾语时，that不能省略；that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后或者在“形式宾语it+宾补”之后时也不能省略；that从句单独回答问题时，that也不能省略。
3. 备考表语从句应注意以下三点
一是除that, whether和疑问词外，as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句；
二要注意“that’s why+结果”以及“that’s because+原因”的区别；
三是注意the reason (why / for…) is that…句式。
3. 备考同位语从句应注意以下三点
一是同位语从句多在news, order, word (=news / order), idea, hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belief等抽象名词后，说明其具体内容；
二是同位语从句与所说明的名词有时会被谓语所分开，做题时需注意；
三是引导同位语从句的有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how等，但绝大多数由that引导，注意同位语从句不能用which引导。
英语基础语法——名词性从句
作者：https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,
一、名词性从句的基本概念
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句
和同位语从句。
(1)主语从句
就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, w hich, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。如：
Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。如上述
第二例常说成：
It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
但是，由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如：What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
(2)表语从句
就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有as if， as though。如：
The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
注意：要区分以下句式：
1. that’s why+结果；that’s because+原因。
2. the reason why /for…is that…
He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席，这是因为他生病了。
He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。
The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
(3)宾语从句
就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基
本相同。如：
They didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。
I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永远不会受伤害。
I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。
注意：当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从
句时，习惯上将这些连接词置于句首，即“连接代/副词＋do you think /believe /expect＋宾
语从句的其余部分？”如：
Who do you think is the best player this year? 你认为今年谁是最佳运动员?
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放学后干什么？
(4)同位语从句
就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, dou bt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面，说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位
语从句大多由that引导，也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引导，但不能由which
引导。如：
The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圆的”这种观点并不新鲜。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这
们一问题。
I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么时候出发。
注：有时，同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。如：
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相终于大白了，
他原来是一只披羊皮的狼。
二、名词性从句的基本要素
A. 连接词
就是引导名词性从句的关连接词。共有四类：
1. 连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。
2. 连词whether：有“是否”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。
3. 连接代词：who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
4. 连接副词：when, where, why, how等，有意义，在从句中作状语。
5. whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句，意为“无论/不管……”。
注意：连接词必须位于从句的最前面。
关于连接词的用法，请参见后文。
B. 语序
必须与陈述句语序相同：主语＋谓语动词。如：
译：我不知道他去哪里了。
误：I don’t know where has she gone.
正：I don’t know where she has gone.
C. 时态一致
若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其谓语动词必须用某种过去时态。如：She said that his father had gone to Beijing. 他说他父亲去北京了。(had不能用has)
注：宾语从句是一个客观真理时，可以不一致。如：
She told me that the earth goes around the sun. 他告诉我地球围绕太阳旋转。
八种宾语从句不省略that
作者：https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,
引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：
1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如：
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2. 有间接宾语时。如：
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。如：
—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6. 在except等介词后。如：
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7. 位于句首时。如：
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如：
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
同位语从句学习指要
当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如：
The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。
He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。
同位语中应注意：
1.高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opin ion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, sugg estion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：
Hw sent us a message that he won’t come next week. 他送信来告诉我们说，下周他不来了。
There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫无疑问，它适合这一工作。
2.表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, o rder, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。如(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)：
He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college. 他已清楚的表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。
Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下来了，所有的人不得违犯制度。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：
(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词；而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容；而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。
(3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略；而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。
(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导；而同位从句可以用what, ho w, whether引导(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)。
(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语；而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。
表语从句学习指要
当一个子句充当句子的表语时，这个子句就叫做表语从句。如：
My idea is that he can teach children English in this school. 我的想法是他能够在这所学校教孩子们英语。
My hope is that he will keep it a secret for ever. 我的希望是它将永远保守秘密。
表语从句中应注意：
1.连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如：
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。
2.当句子的主语是：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, pl an, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should +do。如：
My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。
主语从句学习指要
用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句。如：
(1)When he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。
(2)What he did last night is being investigated. 他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。
在主语从句中须注意：
1.主语从句一般用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将主语从句放到句末。如：
(1)It is possible that he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小车。
(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他测试没有通过，难道不奇怪吗？
2.if引导主语从句时，只能用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将if引导的主语从句放到句末。如：
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。
3. that引导主语从句放在句首时，that不可省，但在句末口语中可省。如：
That he was ill yesterday is known now. 大家都已知道他昨天生了病。
4.连接代词引导主语从句只能放在句首。如；
(1)Who has broken the glass is unknown. 谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。
(2)What he wants is all here. 他所要的东西都在这里。
5.主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。如(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)：
(1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密
(2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。
使用名词性从句的两个注意点
注意1 语序问题
不管什么词引导，从句的语序始终用陈述语序。如：
(1)He asked how he could find his courage. 他问道他如何才能找到他的勇气。
(2)The question is why there is little rain here. 问题是这里为什么雨水少。
注意2 连接词的选用问题
A．that，whether，if，as if(限用于表语从句)都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它们所引导的句子结构必须完整。that 一般用于确定的语气中，引导宾语从句时，口语中的that可省略，而其他情况中的that一般不可省；而whether，if一般用于不确定的语句中。如：
(1)That he learnt English before is certain. 他学过英语是肯定的。
(2)I don’t know whether / if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
(3)He looks as if he knows the answer. 看起来他好像知道答案。
B．whether和if
1)whether可用于任何名词性从句中，而一般只能用于宾语从句中。如果if引导主语从句时，只能放在句中，而不能置于句首。如：
(1)Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter. —It doesn’t matter whether he will come or n ot. 他来还是不来都没关系。
(2)Do you know if / whether his words are true. 你知道他的话是否真实吗？
2)whether可与or not连用，而if则不可以。如
(1)I’m not sure whether / if he can overcome the difficulties. 我没有把握他能否克服这些困难。
(2)The radio didn’t say whether it would rain or not tomorrow. 收音机并没有报道明天是否下雨。
3)若用if会产生歧义时，则用whether。
(1)Let me know whether he will come. 告诉我他是否会来。
(2)Let me know if he will come. 可理解为：告诉我他是否会来。也可理解为：如果他愿意来，就告诉我一声。
4)whether可与不定式连用，而if不可以。
Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那儿，你决定了吗？(句子中的whether不能用if替换)
5)whether引导的从句可作某些介词及动词discuss的宾语，而if则不可以。如：
(1)They are talking about whether they will take part in the strike. 他们在谈论他们是否要参加这次罢工。
(2)They are discussing whether they can employ the new way. 他们在讨论他们是否可以采用这种新的方法。
(以上两个句子中的whether 不能用if替换)
6)宾语从句若为否定句，连接词则用if 而不用whether。如：
Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否没有去过华盛顿吗？
此句子中的If不能用whether替换。
C．连接代词、连接副词都作句子的成分，因此，选用时须确定从句是否缺少成分，然后再确定选用适当的连接词。如：
(1)I don’t know ________ he lives.
(2)I don’t know ________ he lives there.
(3)I don’t know ________ he lives there by fishing.
(4)I don’t know ________ he likes.
根据从句里面的成分，句子(1)可填地点、方式等连接词where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why 或方式连接副词how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why；句子(4)缺少宾语，可填what。
四组名词性从句引导词用法区别
1. what 与that的用法区别
两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句，区别是what可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所…的”，而that仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任
何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略)：
He doesn’t know what she likes. 他不知道她喜欢什么。
What you say is quite right. 你所说的相当正确。
I believe (that) he will come to see us. 我相信他会来看我们的。
It’s a pity (that) he didn’t finish college. 真遗憾他大学没毕业。
另外，that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句：
I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
2. whether与 if的用法区别
两者的用法异同注意以下几点：
(1)两者均可引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换：
He asked if [whether] we wanted a drink. 他问我们是否想喝一杯。
He didn’t tell me if [whether] he would come. 他没有告诉我他是否会来。
【注】若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用 if(意为“如果”)。
(2)当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用 if 而不用 whether：
I don’t care if it doesn’t rain. 我不在乎天是否下雨。
【注】在个别词语(如 wonder, not sure 等)后的从句否定式有时也可用 whether 引导：
I wonder if [whether] he isn’t mistaken. 我想知道他是否错了。
(3)以下情况通常要用 whether 而不用 if：
①引导宾语从句且置于句首时：
Whether he has left, I can’t say. 他是否走了，我说不定。
②引导主语从句且放在句首时：
Whether he will come is still a question. 他是否会来还是个问题。
【注】若在句首使用形式主语 it，而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用 if 来引导：It was not known whether [if] he would come. 不知他是否会来。
③引导表语从句时：
The question is whether we should go on with the work. 问题是我们是否应该继续进行这项工作。
【注】在很不正式的场合if偶尔也用于引导表语从句，但远不如用 whether 常见。
④引导让步状语从句时：
Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that. 不管他同意与否，我都要那样做。
⑤引导同位语从句时：
The question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它还没有考虑。
⑥用于不定式之前时：
I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. 我不知是留还是去。
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 我真是哭笑不得。
⑦用于介词之后时：
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。
⑧直接与 or not 连用时：
I will write to you whether or not I can come. 我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。
【注】若不是直接与 or not 用在一起，则有时也可用 if：
I don’t know whether [if] he will win or not. 我不知他是否能赢。
⑨在 discuss(讨论)等少数动词后引导宾语从句时：(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否要开一个会。
3. that ,why 与 because的用法区别
它们在引导表语从句中很容易混淆，区别于下：
(1)当主语是reason(原因)时，后面的表语从句的引导词通常用that：
The reason why he didn’t attend the party yesterday is that he hasn’t come back yet. 他昨天没有参加聚会是因为他还没有回来。
【注】在现代英语中，有时也用 because，但不如用 that 普通。
(2) why和 because 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因：
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet all through. 我既没穿雨衣，
也没带雨伞，所以全身都淋湿了。
I got wet all through. That’s because I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. 我全身都淋湿了，因为我既没穿雨衣，也没带雨伞。
4. that 与 whether (if)的用法区别
从意思上看，两者不应该发生混淆，因为 whether (if) 表示“是否”，而that 却不表示任
何含义，但实际使用时，有的同学却经常将其用混，并且各类语法考试也常考查它。两者
的原则区别是：that 表示一种肯定、明确的概念，而 whether (if) 则表示一种不肯定、不明
确的概念。请看几道考题：
(1)______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. That
B. If
C. Whether
D. Whenever [选C]
(2)______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where[选B]
由于以上区别，所以动词 doubt后接宾语从句时，通常要用 whether (if) 来引导，而不
用 that，因为 doubt 表示“怀疑”，其意不肯定、不明确；但是如果它用于否定式，其后的宾
语从句则要通常用 that 来引导，因为 not doubt 表示“不怀疑”，其意是肯定的、明确的。如：
I doubt if [whether] he’ll come. 我拿不准他是否会来。
I don’t doubt that he will succeed. 我敢肯定他会成功。
Do you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会赢吗?
【注】在现代英语中，doubt用于肯定式时其后也可接that从句，不过此时的that仍表示whether的意思：
I doubt that we’ll ever see George again. 我怀疑我们是否还会见到乔治。(from www.yygr https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e2094547.html,)
类似地，be sure后的名词性从句通常用that引导，而 be not sure 后的名词性从句则通
常用whether / if 来引导：
I’m sure that he is honest. 我肯定他是诚实的。
I’m not sure whether (if) he is honest. 我不敢肯定他是否诚实。
定语从句和名词性从句练习及答案(推荐文档)
you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 11. Who can think of a situation A. which B. that C. where D. in that A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised 13. The thought ____ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife A. that B. what C. whether D. if 1. Is this the factory 2. Is this factory 3. Is this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. The wolves hid themselves in the places couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 5. Here is so difficult a question A. that no one can answer B. which nobody can answer it C. as no one can answer it D. as nobody can answer 6. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 7. Antarctic __ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 8. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 9. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 10. He has two sons, work as chemists. this idiom can be used? 12. people spend so much money on their pets us a lot.
定语从句与名词性从句的区别
名词性从句里面各个连接词的区分 陈述语气 That +陈述语气（肯定语气）： 空气污染对气候有很大影响是明摆的事实。 真可惜我们不能去游泳. 特殊疑问词+ever whoever, whatever, …… 无论谁触犯了法律都应该被惩罚。 疑问语气 Whether 和if 你是否接受她的邀请与我无关。 People are involving in a debate aboutwhether parent should parents make suggestions to teachers. 特殊疑问词 Who 谁泄漏了那个消息还不得而知。 where 我不知道要去哪里。 What 我也在质疑近来她都在做什么。 I am doubting what she is doing. It is your heart that makes you noble. What makes you noble is your heart. 我不知道要选择哪一个
How, 我不知道该怎么做 Why 1)为什么他走得那么匆忙是一个问题。 可以在后面加上疑问语气的同位从句的先行词有哪些？ Issue，problem，question，puzzle, debate，doubt 延伸：名词性从句省略主语的情况： I don’t know what to do. I don’t know what I can do. 条件是，从句里的主语和主句的主语是一样的。 非谓语动词作状语，当主干的主语与非谓语的主语一致，可以省略非谓语里面的主语，否则，应当在非谓语前面加上非谓语的主语。 Playing basketball，Mike is strong. Weather permitting, I will go out for a picnic. 时间状语从句：主干的主语与非谓语的主语一致 While eating an apple, I was playing football. 事实上是对While I was eating an apple, I was playing football. 的省略。 同位语重句
宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句中的引导词一引入 什么是宾语？ 宾语,位于谓语动词或者介词后。 ?I know him. ?Do you have the time? ?I think (that) she is beautiful. ?Why don’t you pay attention to me? 二讲解 1、宾语从句的概念 从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. /2、宾语从句三要素 引导词（连接词）语序时态 （一）引导词 由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句 由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句 由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句
（1）由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句 注：that 引导的从句，表示陈述一件事实，主句谓语动词表示确定，不疑问；that在句中无任何意义，不充当句子成分，常省略。 （2）由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句 if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分 （3）由连接副词where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句 主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 三练习 ( )1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter. A. if B. that C. weather D. whether ( )2. We don't know ______ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which ( )3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time tomorrow . A. that B. if C. when D. what time ( )4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法? 定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句分别用哪些关系词?如何用? 特别是that和what的区别 在英语教学中，关系词常常是学生容易混淆的问题。在某些情况下，学生常常不知道该使用那一个关系词,这个问题常是教学中的重点或难点。因此，本文就学生在学习关系词“that”、“which”、“whose”、“what” 时经常容易出现问题的几个难点部分进行分析，以便于教学中让学生注意区别它们的用法。 一．在定语从句中关系词用法的差异 1．关系代词“that” 与“which” 的区别 在限定性定语从句中，我们知道关系词指代人时，常用who、whom 、whose (或that)，指代物时常用whi ch 或that 。例如： 例1．Where is the girl who / that sells the tickets? （卖票的女孩子在哪？） 例2．I’ve lost bananas which / that I bought this morning. (我把今天早上买的香蕉丢了。） 在上述两个例子中who 和which都可以由that 替代。但是当先行词是all、little、few 或是由every(thin g)、any(thing)、no(thing)、none、much、only 修饰时，关系词要用that不能用which 。例如： 例3．Is this all that is left? （是不是就剩下这一个了？） 例4．Have you got anything that belongs to me? （你那有我什么东西吗？） 例5．The only thing that matters is to find our way home .（只有一件事最重要，那就是找到回家的路。） 除上述情况外，当先行词由序数词或最高级修饰时，关系词必须用that（见例6和例7）。 例6．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan . (我们应该做的第一件事是定个计划/ 我们应该首先定个计划。) 例7．This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen . （这是我看过的最好的影片。）此句中的that 在从句中做宾语，可以省略。 2．关系副词与关系代词的区别 在定语从句中，当先行词是人或物时，从句的引导词用关系代词；而当先行词是表示时间和地点时，常用关系副词引导。但有时常遇到先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，关系词却要用关系代词。请看例句： 例1．This is the place where we worked last year.（这是我去年工作过的地方。） 例2．This is the place which / that we visited last year.（这是我去年参观过的地方。） 上述两个句子的主句相同，先行词都是place ，但是它在两个从句中的功用不同。例1中的place 指的是从句中谓语动词发生动作的地点（… worked in the place），因此，关系词要用关系副词where (= in wh ich)。而例2中的place是从句谓语动词的宾语(…visited the place)，关系词指代的是动作的承受对象，所以要用关系代词which或that ，不能用关系副词where 。 例3．I still remember the day when Nanjing was liberated.（我一直记着南京解放的那一天。） 例4．I still remember the day which / that we spend together.（我一直记着我们共同度过的时光。） 例3中的day 在从句中做状语(表示…on the day) ，所以用when 。例4 中的day 是从句中spend 的宾语(…spend the day) ，所以要用which 或that 。 由此，我们可以看出：当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，用关系代词还是用关系副词引导定语从句，要根据先行词在句子中的功用。当先行词在从句中表示的是时间或地点（在从句中做状语）时，要用关系副词；当先行词在从句中做宾语（表示动作的承受者，有时先行词在从句中做主语）时，就要用关系代词。 3．在非限定性定语从句中指物时只能用which
定语从句和名词性从句的区别和练习复习进程
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 e.g. She is the girl who talked to me yesterday. 名词性从句（Noun Clauses）---主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句中做主语、宾语、表语和同位语的成份。 e.g. I don’t know who she is. (宾语) This is why I came here.（表语） 区别： 第一，定语从句有先行词，且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整； 名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词，同位语从句有先行词但在从句中不做成分。 e.g. The news that they told me excited me. （the news可以放入从句中，使句子完整，即they told me the news） The news that our team won excited me. (the news无法放入从句中，所以是同位语从句） 第二，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 第三，最关键也是最重要的区别： 1.名词性从句和定语从句的最本质的不同点在于，前者在句子中做名词，而后者相当于形容词，修饰或限制名词或代词。名词性从句由that引导时，通常不充当从句的句子成分，故that 可省去。但定语从句由that引导时，如在从句中充当主语时，则that不能省去。 2.使用中最大的区别：定语从句由于在句子中只作定语，故去掉它，整个句子还完整，就像普通的句子去掉一个定语不影响原句的完整性一样。但名词性从句由于它们充当的是句子的骨干成分（主语，宾语或表语），故去掉它们，原句就不通了。如下面的A句，去掉了主语从句That he has become a rich man ，原句变成is known to all in our town。就失去了完整性。而B句，去掉定语从句部分that is on the desk后，原句变成The pen is mine还是通的。 A：That he has become a rich man is known to all in our town . B：The pen that is on the desk is mine .
定语从句和名词性从句
定语从句 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、关系代词that和which 1、中用that的情况 1）先行词是all,much ,little,the one,anything, something, nothing, everything, none等不定代词时 2）先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last ,any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰时。3）在there be句型中，只用that, 不用which.。 4）先行词既有人又有物时。 5）在“it is +名词+定语从句+定语从句”的强调结构中，后一定语从句要用that 如：it is only a man who is quite experienced that can fulfill this task. 2、只能用which的情况 1）如果关系代词紧跟在介词后，只能用which或whom，不能用that或who。 2）引导非限制性定语从句时 3）先行词是集体名词时，指整天，关系代词用which，指集体中的各个成员，则用who 3、关系代词和关系副词的省略 1)关系代词which，whom，who，that，在定语从句中作直接宾语时可以省略。 2）当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。 3）在there be结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be时，用做主语的冠词代词。 4）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作状语时，关系代词可用why或that，也可以省略。5）当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which或that，也可以省略。 6）注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不省略。 7）当先行词表示时间时，关系代词可用when或有时用that，有时也可以用省略。 8）先行词表示地点时，关系代词可用where或有事用that，有时也可以省略。 二、关系代词as 1、引导限定性定语从句 1）构成the same...as, such...as结构，as用于代替指人或物的先行词。 2）比较the same ...as 和the same...that This is the same book as I read last week 这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。 This is the same book that I read last week 这就是我上周读的那本书。 3）如果先行词表示抽象概念，则没有这种区别 She told me the same story as /that she had told you I had th same difficulty that /as you had lat year. 2、非限制性定语从句 关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句时，用于代替整个主句，意思是“正如”，as从句位置较之which引导的非限制性定语从句更加灵活，因而as从句可以指后面将要提到的内容。 3、有关as的常用词组 As is known to all 众所周知 As is often the case 情况常常如此 As the name indicate/suggests 顾名思义 As may be imagined 可以想象得出 As often happens 这种情况常常发生
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 一、由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？ I can't imagine why he did that thing．我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。 注意： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? ——I want to know how much this coat costs． Where did you go yesterday? ——Please tell me where you went yesterday． （2）当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。 例如：What's wrong with you? 怎么了? ——He asked the girl what was wrong with her．What's the matter? 怎么了? —— He asked the girl what was the matter． What has happened to him? ——We want to know what has happened to him． 小试牛刀：1. I said to her. Where did you go during the holiday? 2.Mr.Ding asked . What did you do during the holiday? 二、语从句的时态 1．若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。 例如：Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？ He says he will come back.他说他会回来。 2．若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。 例如：Show me which picture is yours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。 Please tell us where we will go.请告诉我要去哪里。 3．若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。 例如：I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已经扫过地了。 He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。 4．若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。 例如：Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。 They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多， He said that one and one makes two.他说一加一等于二。 小试牛刀： 1、The radio says it __________ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2、The headmaster hopes everything __________well. (go) 3、I hear they __________ it already. (return) 4、He said that they __________ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 5、Our teacher told us in class the sun __________ in the east. (rise) 三、特殊的宾语从句———间接引语 当直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词做连接词，疑问语序改为陈述语序。 例如：“What do you want?” he asked me. →He asked me what I wanted. He asked her,“Where are you going?” →He asked her where she was going. 小试牛刀： 1、She said to Tom,“How are you feeling now?”→. 2、The scientist asked me,”what are you doing?”→. 3、She asked,”How many boys are there in your class?”→ .
名词性从句和定语从句的例句及练习
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Which school will win the prize is not known. Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown. Whichever you take will be yours. Whoeve r wants this book may take it. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. When they will start hasn’t been decided yet. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. I want to know what he has told you. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. The question is whether we can rely on him. The news that we won the game is exciting. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. I shall never forget the day when ( on which ) we first met. Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer? As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. / 2.John let out the news annoys all of us. A. Whether B. What C. That D. / 1.It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. A. / B. which C. whether D. that 1..Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy opened th e door to his bedroom.
(完整版)定语从句与名词性从句专项练习题
从句 定语从句专项练习题 一、语法填空 I、用适当的关系词填空： 1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 . 2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized. 3、This is the boy father died three years ago. 4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting. 5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting? 6、1949 is the year the People’s Republic of China was founded. 7、They work in a factory makes radio parts. 8、They work in a factory radio parts are made. 9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends. 10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends. 11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here. 12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends. 13、We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so busy. 14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 一、宾语从句的引导词： 由连接代词who, whom, whose,what,which 和连接副词when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词 在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们 在等谁吗？I can't imagine why he did that thing ．我不能想像他为什 么做了那件事。 注意： （1））由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How much does this coat cost? ——I want to know how much this coat costs ．Where did you go yesterday? ——Please tell me where you went yesterday ． （2））当疑问代词w hat ，who 在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑 问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要 调整。例如：What's wrong with you? 怎么了? ——He asked the girl what was wrong with her ．What's the matter? 怎么了? ——He asked the girl what was the matter ．What has happened to him? ——We want to know what has happened to him ．小试牛刀：1. I said to her. Where did you go during the holiday? 2.Mr.Ding asked . What did you do during the holiday? 二、宾语从句的时态
What_和that在名词性从句中的用法区别
What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法区别 What 和that 都可以引导名词性从句。 一．在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不（three nos）： 1．不省略（no ellipsis） 当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不省略。 Eg. 1) That he was able to come made us happy.(That 引导主语从句不可省略) 2)The truth is that I didn’t go there. (that引导表语从句不可省略) 3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引导同位语从句不可省略) 但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略，除下列两种情况外： that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况. (1). 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that，从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. Eg: 4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.（that不可以省略） 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。 (2). 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。Eg: 5) He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.（第一个That可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。 2．不作成分（no component） that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。 Eg. 6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.（that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分） 7))That you don’t like him is none of my business. (that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中不作任 何成分，也不省略） 3．没词义（no meaning） that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。 Eg. 8)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义) 她是一个很有钱的女子，这一点我们都知道。 9）The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义） 他也许会考试失败，这一想法使他很担心。 二．在引导名词性从句时，What一般要注意一个不（one no）,一个有（meaning）,一个作（component）：what不可引导同为语从句 1．不省略 what 引导名词性从句时，what 在句中不省略。这一用法与that 用法不尽相同。 eg. 10) What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.(what 在句中引导主语从句，what 不省略) 11)----I think it’s going to be a big problem. ----Yes , it could be . ----I wonder what we can do about. (what在句中引导宾语从句，但在句中不省略） 2．有词义 what 引导名词性从句时，有词义。一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that 用法不一样eg. 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what在句中引导表语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“----的东西、事情）这是她想让我们看的东西。 12）What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what在句中引导主语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“----的话）老师所说的话对孩子们有很好的作用。
定语从句和名词性从句的区别和比较
定语从句和名词性从句 考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 1．whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词。of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词＋of whom。 Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好。 The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. 那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在维修中。 2．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that；which代指前面整个句子内容。 They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school.关于他们记得的上学时的人和事，他们讨论了一小时。 The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information. 因特网是一个庞大的计算机系统，它使得世界上成千上万的人们共享信息成为可能。3．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. 近千人在这一社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。 考点二介词提前了的定语从句 1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。 2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。 Patience，without which you can't do the work well，is a kind of quality. 耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。 3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古老的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 考点三关系副词引导的定语从句 1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。 After graduation I'd like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.毕业后我要找到一份能利用在学校所学知识的一份工作。 2．先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。 Is this the reason(that /which)he gave us for the delay of the project?
定语从句和名词性从句经典对比练习
定语从句和名词性从句对比练习（经典） I.定语从句与其他相似易混结构比较 1.定语从句与并列结构 1) She won the first prize in the speech contest and______ surprised us. A. which B. it C. as D. who 2) She won the first prize in the speech contest, ______ surprised us. A. which B. whom C. them D. what 2.定语从句与结果状语从句 1) This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read. A. as B. which C. that D. what 2)This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read it .
A. as B. which C. that D. what 3.定语从句与地点状语从句 1) He advised me to live ________ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 2) He advised me to live in the place ______ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in that C. where D. which 4.定语从句与主语从句 1) ______ is known to everyone that Taiwan is part of China. A. As B. Which C. It D. What