江苏省常州市教育学会2019-2020学年第一学期八年级期末考试卷
江苏省常州市教育学会-学年第一学期期末试卷 八年级英语（含答案）
2019-2020学年江苏省常州市教育学会八年级（上）期末英语试卷一、单项选择1．The sentence structure of"He painted the wall white．" is_________．（）A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC2．If you want to join the Singing Club，you should fill in the_________form．Everyone is welcome!（）A．application B．instructionC．competition D．action3．The bus_________on the half way and I had to wait for ten minutes．（）A．put down B．broke downC．looked down D．fell down4．﹣How many cranes did you see on the lake last Sunday？﹣______．They all flew south for the winter．（）A．Nothing B．Nobody C．No one D．None5．﹣The trees in the garden are really short．﹣Don't worry．______time goes by，they are sure to grow taller．（）A．Before B．Because C．While D．As6．﹣Is Lucy in the classroom now？﹣I'm not sure．She_______not be there．I saw her in the library ten minutes ago．（）A．may B．must C．shall D．would7．I thought Linda was an honest girl，but______，she often tells lies．（）A．as a result B．in factC．for example D．as usual8．Tom reads_______books and plays______computer games than he did last year．So he is becoming better and better in his study．（）A．fewer；more B．fewer；lessC．more；fewer D．more；less9．The room was untidy，so Lucy______a space on the sofa for her father to sit down．（）A．cleared B．took C．raised D．kept10．﹣I'm afraid I can't take part in your activity because I am too busy．﹣______．We won't have great fun without you．（）A．No way B．No problemC．It's a pity D．Never mind完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．11．When I was nine years old，I loved to go fishing with my dad．My father could catch many fish while I caught （1）．I usually got very sad and（2）asking him why．He always answered，"Son，if you want to catch a fish，you have to（3）like a fish．" "But I am not a fish，"I said，"and I don'tknow what fish like．"As I got a little older，I began to understand what my father really（4）．So I read some books on fish and I even joined a local（5）Club and started attending the monthly meeting to know more about it．I learned that fish are cold﹣blooded（冷血的）animals and water（6）is very important to them．That's why fish like shallow（浅的）water better than（7）water because shallow water is warmer．（8），water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade．Also，fish don't have any eyelids（眼皮）and the sun hurts their eyes …The more I understand fish，the better I am at finding and （9）them．When I grow up，I go into the business world．It is not an easy job to sell things to others，but I do it well because I have the secret﹣that is to think more like（10）．I have learned this lesson from fishing．（1）A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something（2）A．kept B．stopped C．forgot D．enjoyed（3）A．swim B．act C．live D．think（4）A．needed B．meant C．planned D．failed（5）A．Reading B．Fishing C．Swimming D．Singing（6）A．colour B．quality C．temperature D．body（7）A．deep B．clear C．dirty D．fresh（8）A．Moreover B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise（9）A．saving B．catching C．feeding D．cooking（10）A．workers B．makers C．sellers D．buyers阅读理解阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．12．The sun came out and so did we．It was me and my two little sisters．We played around，seeing a bee．Three sisters now have blisters（汗珠）．Tomorrow is another day．We'll make some lemonade．When the sun comes out，we will，too．And we'll drink it in the shade．The grass is green．The flowers bloom（开花）．The sky is filled with blue．It's summertime and that is whenwe all go to the zoo．We see a bear and monkey there，and then a dancing goat．But the thing I will remember﹣the goat in a small boat．（1）From the poem ，we can learn that the writer is．A．sad B．angry C．ill D．happy（2）The writer may be．A．a young boy B．an old man C．a young girl D．an old woman（3）The word "lemonade" rhymes with．A．blue B．zoo C．shade D．goat13．Last week，Class 1 went on a trip to London Zoo．They had a wild day out! Almost all the students found their favourite animals．The trip also gave Class 1 something else to talk about．They argued（争论）about whether（是否）zoos are cruel（残酷的）．The zoo animals are from all around the world．How can they all be comfortable？Lucy，one of our reporters，was with Class 1 students and she interviewed Tom．Lucy：What 's your favorite animal，Tom？Tom：Giraffes．Lucy：Why？Tom：They look so strange! They have such long，long necks! And they have really long legs，too．Lucy：They do look strange．How tall do they grow？Tom：About 18 feet tall．They can run fast too，because their legs are so long．They can run up to35 miles an hour．Lucy：That 's pretty fast! They must eat a lot to be able to run that fast．Do they eat a lot of meat？Tom：No，they don't eat any meat．They eat leaves．That's the only thing they eat．Lucy：Do giraffes live all over the world，too？Tom：No，they don't．They live only in Africa．Lucy：But Africa is a lot hotter than Europe! Don't you think it's cruel to bring giraffes over from Africa to Europe？Don't you think it's cruel to keep them in the zoo？Tom：Well，I enjoyed seeing them today．But in Africa they would have miles and miles of grassland to live on and here they only have the giraffe houses．I'm sure the zoo looks after them very well．But I don't think they should be in zoos．（1）What does the underlined word "interviewed" in Line 5 mean？A．面试B．会见C．采访D．回答（2）What can we learn about giraffes according to（根据）the passage（文章）？A．Giraffes look strange as they have long necks and short legs．B．Giraffes can run fast because they eat different kinds of food．C．Giraffes live in the wild all over the world and enjoy grassland．D．Giraffes in London Zoo can only live in the giraffe houses．（3）Which of the following opinions（观点）may Tom agree with？A．It's good to keep animals in the zoo because children enjoy seeing them there．B．It's good to keep animals in the zoo because the zoo looks after them well．C．It's cruel to keep animals in the zoo because animals need to live in the wild freely．D．It's cruel to keep animals in the zoo because they don't have enough to eat there．14．The Southern California （加利福尼亚州）wildfire started on Tuesday morning．By the end of the day，it covered 47 square miles．The fire changed the life in the area，causing hour﹣long traffic jams，and making the people leave their homes．The fire travelled really fast．So the governor（州长）Jerry Brown acted quickly and sent a state of emergency（紧急情况）soon after the fire started．Usually the state of emergency comes much later，aftera fire has caused serious problems over several days．The government ordered the evacuation（疏散）of 34，000 homes and 87，000 people．When one family failed to move away，firefighters went to protect their home．Six of the firefighters were once trapped by the fire．"We just sat there and waited for the fire to blow over，"firefighter Cody Anderson says．The Southern California fire wasn't the only one burning in the state．The Clayton fire in Northern California，burned more than 175 buildings by the end of last week．Now，the firefighters have put out 40% of the fire and some evacuated people are able to return to their homes．But firefighters will have to go on fighting the fire，because many buildings are sill in danger．Good news is that on Tuesday afternoon the police said they caught the man who set the fire．He was Dam in Anthony Pashilk，a 40﹣year﹣old worker．The police believe he set fire in the state many times，including the Clayton fire．Wednesday's weather will make fighting the Southern California fire difficult．Hot，dry conditions（条件）and strong wind may make the work even harder．（1）What can we learn about the Southern California wildfire from the passage？A．The governor sent the state of emergency later than usual．B．The fire travelled fast and caused a lot of serious problems．C．Most families didn't move and got trapped in the fireD．Six firefighters lost their lives when putting out the fire．（2）The Southern California wildfire happened because of．A．an emergency B．a worker C．the hot weather D．the dry conditions（3）What's the best title for the passage？A．Wildfires and Hot Weather B．Wildfires and FirefightersC．Wildfires Burn Everything D．Wildfires Go across California（4）The article is most probably（可能地）from．A．a firefighter's diary B．a story book C．a newspaper D．a fashion magazine阅读表达阅读下面短文，在表格内的空白处填入合适的答案．每空限填一词．答案写在答题纸上．15．What can you do to help people or animals in need？The answer is﹣to be a volunteer．Helping yourself by helping othersV olunteering not only helps others but also helps yourself．If you're sad about something that happens，like an earthquake or a flood，doing something to help others can be a great way to make you feel better．It feels good to be able to help．Because of your help，some kids have warm hats，gloves and boots．Doing voluntary work means one very important thing﹣you make a difference to the world．Getting startedSchool is a good place to start．You can ask a teacher what you should do to be a volunteer．Some places want volunteers who are twelve or even older．Often，kids start volunteering by working with their parents．You might be too young to get food ready at a kitchen．But when your parents give you a helping hand，you might be able to go along．Things to do with parents or family membersV olunteering is a great way to have fun with your family．Here are some ideas for things you can do as a family：Clean up a park，a school or other public places．Offer food to people without homes．Coming up with your own waysYou can try to find your own ways to raise money．For example，you can make and sell things and donate the money to charity．V olunteering can also help kids learn something about themselves．They will learn about what kinds of things they can do and what they are interested in．So what are you waiting for？Make a plan to start volunteering today．Being a volunteerHelping yourself by helping others ●When disasters （1）helping others can help you have a better feeling．●Doing voluntary work makes a difference to the world．Getting started●At school，you may ask your （2）for some tips on how you canbe a volunteer．●With your parents' （3）you may start your work．Working with your family●You can do something as a family．For example，you can clean uppublic places or （4）food for homeless people．Coming up with your own ways●You can find your own ways when helping others．●V olunteering also helps kids learn about their（5）and interests．第二卷词汇运用（A）根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词．16．You are nearly the same（high）as your mother! How fast you are growing!17．The boys all think it（excite）to have a basketball match．18．Simon felt（sleep）after he heard the soft music on the warm afternoon．19．People living in this hotel are（main）from foreign countries．20．Hainan is full of（tour）in winter because of the warm weather．根据句意及所给汉语提示完成单词拼写，每空一词．21．You'd better open the door since there is an（糟糕的）smell of paint．22．Li Lei pointed to the（方向）of the smoke and shouted "Fire! Fire!"23．Watch out! There is a（突然的）turn on the road．用所给动词的适当形式填空24．（record）what the teachers say，we'd better take notes carefully in class．25．﹣When farmers（harvest）the crops？﹣Next October．I think we can come to help them．26．The temperature（drop）a lot yesterday，so we felt terribly cold．27．My mother（mop）the floor when I arrived home yesterday．28．You should spend at least 5 minutes（tidy）up your bedroom every day．29．The woman decided（not prevent）her son playing music．根据所给中文完成句子翻译30．如果你被困住，你最好尽快找到出路．if you are trapped．31．这场洪水冲走了成千上万的房子．The flood．32．起初，我一点儿不怜悯这些动物．I in the beginning．33．当房子坍塌时，孩子们正在外面堆雪人．The children outside when the house．34．过多的家庭作业导致学生越来越少的睡眠．Too much homework for students．35．当公交车到站时，我们迫不及待地下了车．We when the bus arrived at the stop．书面表达36．假设你即将参加英语演讲比赛，请以Protecting Nature为题，根据提示，写篇英语演讲呼吁大家为保护自然一起努力．当前问题1、砍伐树木，引发更多自然灾害；2、占用湿地，导致生物失去家园；3、……你的呼吁……（至少两点举措）要求：1．内容涵盖所有要点，并适当发挥；2．表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；3．词数不少于80，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．参考词汇：cut down砍伐Protecting NatureGood afternoon，boys and girls !Today I will give a speech titled Protecting Nature．____________________________________．If everyone does something to protect nature，we will live a happier life．2019-2020学年江苏省常州市教育学会八年级（上）期末英语试卷参考答案一、单项选择1．D；2．A；3．B；4．D；5．D；6．A；7．B；8．C；9．A；10．C；完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．11．C；A；D；B；B；C；A；A；B；D；阅读理解阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．12．D；C；C；13．C；D；C；14．B；B；D；C；阅读表达阅读下面短文，在表格内的空白处填入合适的答案．每空限填一词．答案写在答题纸上．15．happen；teacher（s）；help/support；provide；abilities；第二卷词汇运用（A）根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词．16．height；17．exciting；18．sleepy；19．mainly；20．tourists；根据句意及所给汉语提示完成单词拼写，每空一词．21．awful；22．direction；23．sudden；用所给动词的适当形式填空24．To record；25．will；harvest；26．dropped；27．was mopping；28．tidying；29．not to prevent；根据所给中文完成句子翻译30．You'd better find your way out as soon as possible；31．washed away thousands of houses；32．didn't have pity on these animals at all；33．were making a snowman；fell down；34．leads to less and less sleep；35．couldn't wait to get off it；书面表达。
2019-2020学年江苏省常州市英语八年级(上)期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题
2019-2020学年江苏省常州市英语八年级(上)期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题一、选择题1．I can give you lots of on how to improve your speaking skills.A．advice B．way C．idea2．Will Jill play a part in ___________ the plan for English study？A.makeB.makesC.madeD.making3．— Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?—Sorry, let’s make it ______ time.A．other’s B．the other C．another D．other4．Work hard, ________ you will make great program.A．and B．but C．or D．for5．（题文）It’s time for class. Please stop __________.A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked6．（题文）— Will you visit Beijing next year?— _____. I will go to New York.A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．Yes, I will D．No, I won’t7．I don’t leave the classroom ______ Mr．Brown comes in．A．because B．that C．after D．until8．There is water here；but there are quite empty glasses．A．little；a few B．few； littleC．few； a few D．little； a little9．Tom is always ready ________ others.A.helpB.helpsC.to helpD.helping10．I think computers are very useful. They can help us get plenty of __________ on the Internet.A.gamermationC.ideaD.message11．—What do you think of this cartoon movie?—Oh，I can't ________ it.It's long and boring.A．mind B．lose C．stand D．hear12．— May I ask you some questions, Michael?— _______.A．It’s hard to say. B．Yes, I think so. C．Sure, go ahead.13．Mr. Wu asked us __________a pair of trainers, because we would have to walk a long way. A．sellB．to sellC．wearD．to wear14．--I’m afraid I can’t go to Dafeng to watc h Milu with you, Kate.--__________!But why?A．How happyB．What a pityC．What nice newsD．How lucky15．─The new movie was so __________. ─Yes. I felt __________ with it.A.boring；boringB.bored；boredC.boring；boredD.bored；boring16．It is the third ____________ city in this country.rgergerrgestD.the largest17．Li Yun's father kept on _____________ , although he was tired.A.worksB.workC.to workD.working18．Sally plans ___________ shopping with her friends tomorrow.A.to goB.goesC.goingD.go19．My friend Tina enjoys ________ to me. She's my good ________．A．listening; listener B．listening; listeningC．listen; listener D．to listen; listen20．There are many children in the park. Some are playing,some are boating,________ are singing.A.anotherB.otherC.the othersD.the other二、单词填空21．根据句意及汉语提示，填入恰当的单词。
解析版八年级江苏省常州市教育学会学业水平监测2019学年八年级第一学期期末考试历史试题(解析版)
常州市教育学会学业水平监测八年级历史2019年1月说明:考试形式为开卷考试,考试时间60分钟,满分100分1.《这才是晚清》中记述:“历史不因大清帝国的孤傲和拒绝改变进程,鸦片战争使中国遭遇千年未遇的大变局。
”“大变局”是指中国A.开始与外部世界有商品往来B.完全成为大英帝国的殖民地C.中国经济进入世界经济体系D.逐步成为半殖民地半封建社会【答案】D【解析】【详解】根据所学可知，鸦片战争改变了中国历史发展的进程，中国不再享有完整独立的主权，中国社会的自然经济遭到破坏，开始从封建社会逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会。
鸦片战争成为中国近代史的开端，故D符合题意；清朝虽然采取闭关锁国的政策，但并不是完全与世界隔绝，所以鸦片战争之前,中国与外部世界已有商品往来，故A说法错误；鸦片战争使中国开始从封建社会逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，并不是完全成为大英帝国的殖民地，故B说法错误；2001年，中国加入世贸组织，标志着中国经济进入世界经济体系，故C说法错误。
故本题选D。
【点睛】解本题的关键是准确掌握鸦片战争的影响，注意其中的关键词“开始”“逐步沦为”。
2.《剑桥中国晚清史》记载,19世纪的最初十年,中国的国际收支结算大约盈余2600万元。
从1828-1836年,却从中国流出了3800万元。
使中国国际收支逆转的主要原因是A.中外茶叶贸易B.英国对中国走私鸦片C.清政府闭关锁国D.自然经济遭到完全破坏【答案】B【解析】【详解】根据题干信息“19世纪的最初十年”，结合所学可知，鸦片战争爆发前，在中英的正当贸易中，中国处于明显的出超地位，为了改变这种不利局面，英国向中国大量走私鸦片，造成白银大量外流，使中国国际收支出现逆转。
故B符合题意；中外茶叶贸易属于正当贸易，在正当贸易中，中国是处于出超地位的，故排除A；在鸦片战争前，清政府一直实行闭关锁国政策，所以这不是使中国国际收支逆转的原因，故排除C；鸦片战争后，中国的自然经济才开始遭到破坏，故排除D。
江苏省常州市教育学会2019-2020学年八年级上学期期末语文试题(教师版)
常州市教育学会学业水平监测八年级语文2020年1月一、积累运用(共19分)1.给下列划线的字注音或根据拼音写出相应的汉字。
读朱自清笔下黑布大马guà( ),深青色棉袍,蹒跚( )走到铁道边的背影，我们读到了浓浓父爱;读茅盾笔下没有婆suō ( )姿态，没有屈曲盘旋的虬( )枝的白杨树,我们感受到质朴之美;读汪曾祺笔下昆明雨季里味极鲜yú( )的青头菌、牛肝菌，我们感受到了自然之美。
【答案】褂娑腴shān qiú【详解】马褂：是一种穿于袍服外的短衣，衣长至脐，袖仅遮肘，满语叫“鄂多赫”，因着之便于骑马而得名，亦称“短褂”或“马墩子”，流行于清代及民国时期。
婆娑：盘旋舞动的样子。
鲜腴：新鲜肥美。
虬（qiú）枝：盘屈的树枝。
蹒跚（shān）：一指腿脚不灵便，走路缓慢、摇摆的样子；二指行步缓慢，往来徘徊的样子；三指行步摇晃跌撞；四指舞步翩跹；五指旋行、徘徊。
2.按语气，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句，指出下列句子的类型。
(1)请把我的歌，带回你的家，请把我的微笑留下。
（）(2)如果能够对公共事业有所贡献，我就会认为自已是最幸福的人。
（）【答案】(1). (1)祈使句(2). (2)陈述句【详解】（1）结合句子里的两个“请”，以及句意是表示请求的，可以判断是表请求的祈使句。
（2）陈述句一般是描述一个事实的句子，或者或是表达观点的句子。
本句没有疑问词和问号，故不是疑问句；没有感叹号和感叹词，故不是感叹句；没有命令或者请求的词语，不是祈使句。
故可判断是陈述句。
3.请用-句话连贯简明地转述“积极废人”的内涵。
(限50字以内)积极废人是指这样一种人:他们有这样的通病，爱给自己立flag(意指公开树立的目标),心态积极向上，但想偷懒的念头太多，永远做不到，执行力太差，行动宛如废物。
他们往往会在间歇性享乐后恐慌，时常为自己的懒惰自责。
【答案】积极废人是爱给自己立flag,心态积极，但执行力差，会间歇性享乐后恐慌，自责的人。
江苏省常州市2019-2020学年八上英语期末检测试题
江苏省常州市2019-2020学年八上英语期末检测试题一、选择题1．Please tell me if you can come to the opening and reply ________ writing ________ my invitation ________ Friday.A.with；for；untilB.to；for；byC.in；to；byD.by；in；until2．I play basketball every day because I want to play as __________ as Yao Ming.A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best3．Please ask your English teacher for help if you _________ the words.A．don't know B．won't know C．didn't know D．aren't knowing4．On March 14th, 2018, the greatest physicist Stephen Hawking_____peacefully at his home. We were all surprised at the news.A．dies B．died C．dead D．death5．—Must I hand in my homework now?— ________A．Yes, you need. B．No, you mustn't.C．Yes, you have. D．No, you needn't6．He was so ______ that he made some mistakes in the English exam.A.carelessB.carefulC.carelesslyD.carefully7．To show ______ we’re going to miss her, let’s have a party for her next Friday the28th!A.how muchB.how manyC.how oftenD.how soon8．-Can you go swimming with me next Sunday?-Sorry, next week is ____________ for me.A.freeB.goodC.enoughD.full9．（题文）-The old woman wants us ___________ her with the housework.-I think we should help her.A．help B．to help C．helps D．helping10．In the 1930s, Walt Disney made 87 cartoons________; he became________.A．successful; successful B．successfully; successfullyC．successful; successfully D．successfully; successful11．WOLF is to FLOW as 8526 is to_____________.A.2856B.6258C.5862D.568212．—You look so tired today. What happened，Jack?—I didn't go to bed ________ 12 o'clock last night because there was too much homework. A．until B．though C．after D．beside13．My father is very busy. He ________watches TV in the evening.A．always B．usually C．hardly ever D．often14．Li Ming is so careful that he always looks over his exercises to ________ there are no mistakes.A.make sureB.find outC.think ofD.agree with15．She went to _________ university to study art last year. _________ university is really famous.A.an；TheB.a；TheC.the；AD.the；An二、单词填空16．根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
江苏省常州市教育学会2019-2020学年八年级(上)期末学业水平监测物理试题(解析版)
常州市教育学会学业水平监测八年级物理试卷一、单项选择题1.在试管中加入少量水，小华对试管口吹气，先轻轻吹、后用力吹，会发出不同的声音.下列对该实验的分析中，正确的是（）A. 声音是由于试管中空气柱振动引起的，声音的响度不同B. 声音是由于试管中空气柱振动引起的，声音的音调不同C. 声音是由于试管中水柱振动引起的，声音的响度不同长D. 声音是由于试管中水柱振动引起的，声音的音调不同【答案】A【解析】【详解】当用嘴向试管内吹气时，试管内的空气柱振动发声；轻轻吹和用力吹时，由于振动发声的空气柱的长度相同，所以声音的音调相同；之所以会发出不同的声音，是因为轻轻吹和用力吹时空气柱振动的幅度不同，即声音的响度不同；故选A。
2.超声手术刀是通过从不同角度向病变组织发射多束超声波，从而实现准确“烧死”病变细胞.手术过程中，与医生、护士之间的说话声相比，超声波具有的特点是（）A. 振动频率高，方向性好，能量集中B. 振动频率高，方向性差，能量分散C. 振动频率低，方向性好，能量集中D. 振动频率低，方向性差，能量分散【答案】A【解析】【详解】超声波具有声音的特点，可以传播信息和能量，另外还具有方向性好、穿透力强、能量集中等特点；超声波手术刀就是应用方向性好、穿透力强、能量集中的特点；此外，超声波的频率高于20000Hz，所以超声波还具有振动频率高的特点；故选A。
3.从波形上看，下列属于噪声波形图是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】D【解析】【详解】从物理学角度看，噪声是指嘈杂的、难听刺耳的，发声体做无规则振动发出的声音。
从选项中可以看出，只有D选项的波形无规则，所以它属于噪声；故选D。
-︒的正确读法是（）4.40C①零下40度①零下摄氏40度①负40摄氏度①零下40摄氏度A. ①①B. ①①C. ①①D. ①①【答案】D【解析】-︒读作：负40摄氏度或零下40摄氏度；故选D。
【详解】40C5.下列各现象中，能够说明液体的温度越高、蒸发得越快的是（）A. 同样擦在两只手上的酒精，用嘴吹其中一只手、这只手上的酒精干得快B. 喷洒在阳光下的水比放在屋内瓶中的水干得快C. 同样的酒精，倒在碟子里比装在瓶子里干得快D. 同样的容器装有等量的水放在同处，其中盛60①的水比30①的水干得快【答案】D【解析】【详解】要说明液体的温度越高、蒸发得越快，要在液体的种类、质量、液体的表面积以及液体表面积上方空气流速相同，但温度不同的情况下进行比较；所以“同样的容器装有等量的水放在同处，其中盛60℃的水比30℃的水干得快”能够说明液体的温度越高、蒸发得越快；故选D。
江苏省常州市2019-2020学年物理八年级上学期期末检测试题
2019-2020学年八年级上学期期末物理试卷（含答案）注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题1.制造飞机时，通常选用密度较小的铝合金。
飞机设计师为减轻某一型号的飞机重量，将一钢质零件改为铝制零件，使其质量减少了52kg,已知P钢=7.gxiO'kg/nf,P s=2.7X103kg/m3则所需铝的质量为A.20kgB.27kgC.54kgD.108kg2.小光同学打乒乓球时，不小心将球踩瘪了，但没有破裂。
对于球内的气体而言，没有发生变化的物理量是A.密度B.体积C.质量D.都发生了变化3.一只蜡烛位于凸透镜前，调节好透镜和光屏的位置后，在光屏上呈现缩小倒立的像，若保持凸透镜的位置不动，将蜡烛和光屏的位置对调一下，则在光屏上A.呈现放大倒立的像B.呈现缩小倒立的像C.呈现放大正立的像D.无法呈现清晰的像4.如图所示，烛焰在光屏上成清晰的像。
下列哪个光学器材的成像原理与其相同（）A.投影仪B.照相机C.放大镜D.近视眼镜5.-束光从空气斜射向水面。
如图所示能正确反映光的传播路径的是（）B.二6.某天中午时分太阳几乎直射高雄地区。
小明坐在自家汽车里，发现前面车辆后窗反射的阳光，无论两车距离如何，均有刺眼阳光直射入眼睛。
则前面车辆的后窗型式可能是图中的7.如图所示的图象中能反映晶体凝固特点的是8.假如15°C 空气中的声速变为500m/s,以下现象可能发生的是A.听到回声所需的时间更短了B. 打雷时先听到雷声再看到闪电C. 声音的传播速度将比光速快D. 宇航员在太空通过无线电进行交流9.如图所示的“复读鸡"是一款会说话的毛绒鸡，当你对着它讲话，它就会重复你的说话内容。
江苏省常州市教育学会2019-2020学年第一学期八年级期末考试卷(Word版含答案)
常州市教育学会学业水平监测八 年 级 数 学 2020年1月一、 选择题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）1.下列各数中,无理数是 ( ) A.0.121221222 B.227C.πD.4 2.在平面直角坐标系中，点(-1, 2)所在的象限是 ( ) A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限3.下列说法正确的是 ( ) A.两个等边三角形一定全等 B.形状相同的两个三角形全等 C.面积相等的两个三角形全等 D.全等三角形的面积一定相等4.用四舍五入法把3.7963精确到百分位得到的近似数是 ( ) A.3.79 B. 3.800 C. 3.8 D.3.805. 如图，若△ABC ≌ △ DEF, BC=6, EC=4,则CF 的长为 ( ) A.1 B.2 C.2.5 D.3（第5题） （ 第6题）6.如图，公路AC 、BC 互相垂直，公路AB 的中点M 与点C 被湖隔开，若测得AC= 10km, BC=24km,则M 、C 两点之间的距离为 ( )A.13kmB.12kmC.11kmD.10km7. 已知直线y=m x+3 (m≠0)经过点(1, 0) ,则关于x的不等式m x+3>0的解集是 ( )A.x＜1B.x＞1C.x＜3D.x＞38.近年来，人们对PM2.5 (空气中直径小于等于2.5微米的颗粒)的关注日益密切.我市某天中PM2.5的值y1 (u g/m3) 随时间t (h)的变化如图所示，设y2表示0时到t时PM2.5的最大值与最小值的差，则y2与t的函数关系大致是 ( )二、填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）9.16的平方根是_______.10.点P(2, 3)到y轴的距离是___________.11.比较大小:5-3 _____ 0. ( 填“>”、“=”、“＜”）12.北京天安门雄伟壮丽，用数学的眼光看，天安门主视图是______图形.13.在平面直角坐标系中，函数y= k x+b的图象如图所示，则k*b__0 ( 填“>”、“=”或“<” ) .（第12题） （第13题） （第14题） 14. 如图，若BD 为等边△ABC 的一条中线，延长BC 至点E,使CE=CD=1, 连接DE ，则DE=_______.15. 如图的三角形纸片中，AB=6, AC=7, BC=5, 沿过点B 的直线折叠这个三角形，使点C 落在AB 边上的点E 处，折痕为BD,则△AED 的周长为_______.（第15题） （第16题）16. 如图，已知一次函数y=kx -b 与y=31x 的图像相交于点A(a,1)，则关于x 的方程b x k =-)31(的解x=_______.三、解答题（本大题共9小题，第17、18题每题4分，第19题6分，第20~23题每题8分，第24、25题每题11分，共68分）17.已知4x 2=81，求x 的值. 18.计算: ())5(2714.330--+-π219.已知:如图，AC=BD，∠CAB=∠DBA.求证:∠C=∠D.20.已知正比例函数的图像过点P （3，-3）.(1)求这个正比例函数的表达式;(2)已知点A (a2, -4)在这个正比例函数的图像上，求a的值.21.作图与探究:如图，△ABC中，AB=AC.(1)作图:①画线段BC的垂直平分线l，设l与BC边交于点H;②在射线HA上画点D,使AD=AB,连接BD. （不写作法，保留作图痕迹）(2)探究：∠D与∠C有怎样的数量关系？并证明你的结论.22. 把三根长为3cm、4cm和5cm的细木棒首尾相连，能搭成一个直角三角形.(1)如果把这三根细木棒的长度分别扩大为原来的a倍（a>1），那么所得的三根细木棒能不能搭成一个直角三角形，为什么？(2)如果把这三根细木棒的长度分别延长x cm （x>0），那么所得的三根细木棒还能搭成一个三角形吗？为什么？如果能，请判断这个三角形的形状（锐角三角形、直角三角形还是钝角三角形），并说明理由.23. (1) 观察被开方数a 的小数点与算术平方根a 的小数点的移动规律: a0.00010.01 1 100 10000 a0.01__x__1__y__100填空:x= _______ ， y=______. (2)根据你发现的规律填空:①已知2≈1.414，则200 =________，02.0=_______；②m = 0.274，记m 10000的整数部分为x,则31x=___________. 24.水果店张阿姨以每千克2元的价格购进某种水果若干千克，销售一部分后，根据市场行情降价销售，销售额y (元)与销售量x (千克)之间的关系如图所示.(1)情境中的变量有__________________.(2)求降价后销售额y (元)与销售量x (千克)之间的函数表达式;(3)当销售量为多少千克时，张阿姨销售此种水果的利润为150元?25.如图，对于平面直角坐标系x O y中的点A和点P，若将点P绕点A顺时针旋转90°后得到点Q，则称点Q为点P关于点A的“垂链点”.(1) △PAQ是__________三角形;(2)已知点A的坐标为（0, 0），点P关于点A的“垂链点”为点Q①若点P的坐标为（2, 0），则点Q的坐标为___________；②若点Q的坐标为（-2, 1），则点P的坐标为___________；(3)如图2, 已知点D的坐标为（3, 0），点C在直线y=2x上,若点C关于点D的“垂链点”在坐标轴上，试求点C的坐标.参考答案选择题CBDD BAAB填空题1.±42. 23.小于4.轴对称6.小于 6.√3 7.88.3`解答题17.±9/218.-719.证全等20.（1）y=-x（2）a=±221.（1）①垂直平分线正确②点D画对（2）∠C+2∠D=90°（其他形式也可得分）22.（1）能搭成直角三角形，通过勾股定理可证得。
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常州市教育学会学业水平监测
八 年 级 数 学
一、 选择题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）
1.下列各数中,无理数是 ( ) A.0.121221222 B.22
7 C.π D.4 2.在平面直角坐标系中，点(-1, 2)所在的象限是 ( )
A.第一象限
B.第二象限
C.第三象限
D.第四象限
3.下列说法正确的是 ( )
A.两个等边三角形一定全等
B.形状相同的两个三角形全等
C.面积相等的两个三角形全等
D.全等三角形的面积一定相等
4.用四舍五入法把3.7963精确到百分位得到的近似数是 ( )
A.3.79
B. 3.800
C. 3.8
D.3.80
5. 如图，若△ABC ≌ △ DEF, BC=6, EC=4,则CF 的长为 ( ) A.1 B.2 C.2.5 D.3
（第5题） （ 第6题）
6.如图，公路AC 、BC 互相垂直，公路AB 的中点M 与点C 被湖隔开，若测得AC= 10km, BC=24km,则M 、C 两点之间的距离为 ( )
A.13km
B.12km
C.11km
D.10km
7. 已知直线y=m x+3 (m≠0)经过点(1, 0) ,则关于x的不等式m x+3>0的解集是 ( )
A.x＜1
B.x＞1
C.x＜3
D.x＞3
8.近年来，人们对PM2.5 (空气中直径小于等于2.5微米的颗粒)的关注日益密切.我市某天中PM2.5的值y1 (u g/m3) 随时间t (h)的变化如图所示，设y2表示0时到t时PM2.5的最大值与最小值的差，则y2与t 的函数关系大致是 ( )
二、填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）
9.16的平方根是_______.
10.点P(2, 3)到y轴的距离是___________.
11.比较大小:5-3 _____ 0. (填“>”、“=”、“＜”）
12.北京天安门雄伟壮丽，用数学的眼光看，天安门主视图是______图形.
13.在平面直角坐标系中，函数y= k x+b的图象如图所示，则k*b__0 (填“>”、“=”或“<”) .
（第12题） （第13题） （第14题）
14. 如图，若BD 为等边△ABC 的一条中线，延长BC 至点E,使CE=CD=1, 连接DE ，则DE=_______.
15. 如图的三角形纸片中，AB=6, AC=7, BC=5, 沿过点B 的直线折叠这个三角形，使点C 落在AB 边上的点E 处，折痕为BD,则△AED 的周长为_______.
（第15题） （第16题）
16. 如图，已知一次函数y=kx-b 与y=31x 的图像相交于点A(a,1)，则关于x 的方程b x k =-)3
1(的解x=_______. 三、解答题（本大题共9小题，第17、18题每题4分，第19题6分，第20~23题每题8分，第24、25题每题11分，共68分）
17.已知4x 2=81，求x 的值. 18.计算: ())5(2714.330
--+-π 2
19.已知:如图，AC=BD，∠CAB=∠DBA.
求证:∠C=∠D.
20.已知正比例函数的图像过点P （3，-3）.
(1)求这个正比例函数的表达式;
(2)已知点A (a2, -4)在这个正比例函数的图像上，求a的值.
21.作图与探究:
如图，△ABC中，AB=AC.
(1)作图:①画线段BC的垂直平分线l，设l与BC边交于点H;
②在射线HA上画点D,使AD=AB,连接BD. （不写作法，保留作图痕迹）
(2)探究：∠D与∠C有怎样的数量关系？并证明你的结论.
22. 把三根长为3cm、4cm和5cm的细木棒首尾相连，能搭成一个直角三角形.
(1)如果把这三根细木棒的长度分别扩大为原来的a倍（a>1），那么所得的三根细木棒能不能搭成一个
直角三角形，为什么？
(2)如果把这三根细木棒的长度分别延长x cm （x>0），那么所得的三根细木棒还能搭成一个三角形吗？
为什么？如果能，请判断这个三角形的形状（锐角三角形、直角三角形还是钝角三角形），并说明理由.
23. (1) 观察被开方数a 的小数点与算术平方根a 的小数点的移动规律:
填空:x= _______ ， y=______.
(2)根据你发现的规律填空: ①已知2≈1.414，则200 =________，02.0=_______；
②m = 0.274，记m 10000的整数部分为x,则31x
=___________. 24.水果店张阿姨以每千克2元的价格购进某种水果若干千克，销售一部分后，根据市场行情降价销售，销售额y (元)与销售量x (千克)之间的关系如图所示.
(1)情境中的变量有__________________.
(2)求降价后销售额y (元)与销售量x (千克)之间的函数表
达式;
(3)当销售量为多少千克时，张阿姨销售此种水果的利润
为150元?
25.如图，对于平面直角坐标系xOy中的点A和点P，若将点P绕点A顺时针旋转90°后得到点Q，则称点Q为点P关于点A的“垂链点”.
(1) △PAQ是__________三角形;
(2)已知点A的坐标为（0, 0），点P关于点A的“垂链点”为点Q
①若点P的坐标为（2, 0），则点Q的坐标为___________；
②若点Q的坐标为（-2, 1），则点P的坐标为___________；
(3)如图2, 已知点D的坐标为（3, 0），点C在直线y=2x上,若点C关于点D的“垂链点”在坐标轴上，试求点C的坐标.
参考答案
选择题
CBDD BAAB
填空题
1.±4
2. 2
3.小于
4.轴对称6.小于 6.√3 7.8 8.3 `解答题
17.±9/2
18.-7
19.证全等
20.（1）y=-x
（2）a=±2
21.（1）①垂直平分线正确②点D画对
（2）∠C+2∠D=90°（其他形式也可得分）
22.（1）能搭成直角三角形，通过勾股定理可证得。
（2）能搭成一个三角形，且为锐角三角形。
23.（1）0.1；10
（2）14.14；0.1414
（3）1/3
24.（1）x; y（或填销售额，销售量）
(2)y=(5/2)x+60
（3）第一种情况：降价前（0≤x≤40），利润为4x-2x=2x, 当2x=150时，x=75＞40（不合题意）
第二种情况：降价后（x＞40），利润为(5/2)x+60-2x=x/2+60
当x/2+60=150时，x=180
25.（1）等腰直角
（2）①(0, -2)
②(-1, -2)
（3）点C坐标（3,6）或（-3/2, -3）。