【免费下载】流体力学课后作业
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1.1Apressureof2106N/m2isappliedtoamassofwaterthatinitiallyfilled a1,000cm3volume.Estimateitsvolumeafterthepressureisapplied.将2106N/m2的压强施加于初始体积为1,000cm3的水上,计算加压后水的体积。
(999.1cm3)1.2AsshowninFig.1-9,inaheatingsystemthereisadilatationwatertank.Thewholevolumeofthewaterinthesystemis8m3.Thelargesttemperatureriseis500Candthecoefficientofvolumeexpa=0.00051/K,whatisthesmallestcubansionisvgeofthewaterbank?如图1-10所示,一采暖系统在顶部设一膨胀水箱,系统内的水总体积为8m3,=0.0051/K,求该水箱的最小容积?最大温升500C,膨胀系数v(0.2m3)Fig.1-9Problem1.21.3Whentheincrementofpressureis50kPa,thedensityofacertainliquidis0 .02%.Findthebulkmodulusoftheliquid.当压强增量为50kPa时,某种液体的密度增加0.02%。
求该液体的体积模量。
(2.5108Pa)1.4Fig.1-10showsthecross-sectionofanoiltank,itsdimensionsarelengtha=0.6m,widthb=0.4m,heightH=0.5m.Thediameterofnozzleisd=0.05m,heighth=0.08m.Oilfillstotheupperedgeofthetank,find:(1)Ifonlythethermalexpansioncoefficientv=6.510-41/Koftheoiltan kisconsidered,whatisthevolumeFig.1-10Problem1.4ofoilspilledfromthetankwhenthetemperatureofoilincreasesfromt1=-200Ctot 2=200C?(2)Ifthelinearexpansioncoefficient l=1.210-51/Koftheoiltankisconsidered,whatistheresultinthiscase?图1-10为一油箱横截面,其尺寸为长a=0.6m、宽b=0.4m、高H=0.5m,油嘴直径d=0.05m,高h=0.08m。
流体力学课后作业

解:溢流阀出口接油箱,则其进出口压差为其进口压力,由孔口流量方程 可知,在面积不变,即弹簧压缩量不变时,流量增大,其进口压力会增加。
4-6减压阀的出口压力取决于什么?其出口压力为定值的条件是什么?
解:
减压阀出口压力取决于负载压力的大小:负载压力小于其调定压力时,出口压力为负载压力;负载压力大于其调定压力时,出口压力为其调定值。
解:
2图示系统为一个二级减压回路,活塞在运动时需克服摩擦阻力F=1500N,活塞面积A=15cm2,溢流阀调整压力py=45×105Pa,两个减压阀的调定压力分别为pj1=20×105Pa和pj2=35×105Pa,管道和换向阀的压力损失不计。试分析:
1)当DT吸合时活塞处于运动过程中,pB、pA、pC三点的压力各为多少?
4某液压泵的输出油压p=10MPa,转速n=1450r/min,排量V=100mL/r,容积效率ηv=0.95总效率η=0.9,求泵的输出功率与电动机驱动功率。
二、作业题
2-9某液压泵的最大工作压力p=10MPa,电机转速n=1450r/min,排量V=17.6mL/r,容积效率ηv=0.90总效率η=0.8,求电动机驱动功率
危害:容积缩小p↑高压油从一切可能泄漏的缝隙强行挤出,使轴和轴承受很大冲击载荷,泵剧烈振动,同时无功损耗增大,油液发热。
容积增大p↓形成局部真空,产生气穴,引起振动、噪声、汽蚀等
总之:由于困油现象,使泵工作性能不稳定,产生振动、噪声等,直接影响泵的工作寿命。
2液压泵的工作压力取决于什么?泵的工作压力与额定压力有何区别?
2如图所示两个结构相同相互串联的液压缸,无杆腔的面积A1=100*10-4m2,有杆腔的面积A2=80*10-4m2,缸1的输入压力p1=0.9MPa,输入流量q=12L/min,不计损失与泄漏,求
流体力学课后习题及答案

第二章2-2解:由P gh ρ=得h 水 =Pg ρ水=3350101109.8⨯⨯⨯=5.1m 335010=3.21.6109.8Ph m gρ⨯==⨯⨯四氯化碳四氯化碳 335010=0.37513.6109.8Ph m g ρ⨯==⨯⨯水银水银2-3 解:(1)体积弹性模量 /dpEv d ρρ=+在重力场中流体的压强形式为:dpg dzρ=- d dp gdz Evρρρ∴=-=两边积分,带入边界条件:00,0,z p ρρ===0lnEvp Ev Ev ghρ∴=- 11222212.5*160N F *40000NF L L s F s ==⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭题解:有杠杆原理知:F 所以: 6、如题2-6图所示,封闭容器中盛有ρ=800kg/3m的油,1300h mm =,油下面为水,2500h mm =,测压管中水银液位读数400hmm =,求封闭容器中油面上的压强p 的大小。
解:12g 0p h gh gh ρρρ++-=油水水银12g p gh h gh ρρρ=--水银油水333313.6109.840010109.8500100.8--=⨯⨯⨯⨯-⨯⨯⨯-⨯=44.6110pa ⨯2-7:解:(1)、2224F gh s 10009.81001010101098Nρ--==⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯=2)m 121216G [s h h s h ]1000199109.81.95g Nρ-=⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯=(-)+02h(3)因为在21h h -处谁对容器有向上的压力2-8,解:由同一液面压强相等可列:(0)()gh sin /6p(0)1239.21/^3p p h l kn m θθπ===∴=液2-9 解:设A 点距左U 形管测压计水银页面高度为H 则B 点距右U 型管测压计水银高度为H+hB A B h gh g H h gh gh gh m ag ρρρρρρA P -P -+P P -P =-=-⨯⨯P 水水水水则(+)=则()=(13600-1000)9.80.3=370442.10,解:选取右侧U 形管汞柱高作为等压面,有:1132()m B P g h h gh gh gh p ρρρρ++-+=+酒汞汞水B p 42.7410pa =-⨯2-11解:左边液面压强与右边液面压强相等知,.66g .66.89g .82g .8211g ⨯+-⨯=⨯+-⨯未知水未知水)()(ρρρρ解得333102.31m kg 103.85⨯=⋅⨯=-未知ρ3m kg -⋅2-12 解:设左支管液面到另一液体分界面的距离为1h ,右支管为2h ,则有:1112222P gh P gh gh ρρρ+=++或121122121221()()P P g h h ghP P gh gh ghρρρρρρ-=--+-=-+=-得 1221()P P h gρρ-=-2-13解:gh P gh ρρ+=水水银P=gh gh ρρ∴-水银水127400.07891.8F PS N∴==⨯=2-14解:以闸门与液面交点为O 点,沿闸门向下方向建立坐标S ,取微元ds ,在面积bds 内,液体压力对链轴取矩()()0.2sin600.2dM ghbds s g s sdsρρ=-+=-+ 所以)0sin 600.2Mgb s sds ρ=-+Q对链轴取矩)cos600.2Q M Q =由力矩平衡得 0Q M M +=化简)1.*1.9320.302Q -=得 26778Q N=()()D 33352.151y y *1132***2*4121232,8832**10*10*12*89.6*10xcC c xc cD c I y sI b a y s d y F g h s ρ=+==========题解:依题意知又即:*16、一个很长的铅垂壁面吧海水和淡水隔开,海水深7m ;试确定淡水多深时壁面所受液体作用力合力为零。
《流体力学》课后习题答案.pdf

得:T1 = t1 + 273 = 50 + 273 = 323K ,T2 = t2 + 273 = 78 + 273 = 351K
根据
p
=
mRT V
,有:
p1
=
mRT1 V1
,
p2
=
mRT2 V2
得: V2 V1
=
p1 p2
T2 T1
=
9.8067 104 5.8840 105
351 323
=
0.18
设管段长度 l,管段表面积: A = dl
单位长度管壁上粘滞力: = A u = dl u − 0 = 3.14 0.025 0.03
l y l
0.001
1-8 解: A = 0.8 0.2 = 0.16m2 ,u=1m/s, = 10mm , = 1.15Pa s
T = A u = A u − 0 = 1.15 0.16 1 = 18.4N
1
=
T1 b
=
A b
u
−0 −h
=
0.7 0.06b b
15 − 0 0.04 − 0.01
=
21N
/m,方向水平向左
下表面单位宽度受到的内摩擦力:
2
=
T2 b
=
Au−0 b h−0
=
0.7 0.06b 15 − 0
b
0.01− 0
= 63N
/m,方向水平向左
平板单位宽度上受到的阻力:
= 1 + 2 = 21+ 63 = 84N ,方向水平向左。
h1 = 5.6m
2.4 解:如图 1-2 是等压面,3-4 是等压面,5-6 段充的是空气,因此 p6 = p5 ,6-7 是等压面,
流体力学课后作业

流体⼒学课后作业1.1 A pressure of 2?106N/m2 is applied to a mass of water that initially filled a 1,000cm3 volume. Estimate its volume after the pressure is applied.将2?106N/m2的压强施加于初始体积为1,000cm3的⽔上,计算加压后⽔的体积。
(999.1cm3)1.2 As shown in Fig.1-9, in a heating systemthere is a dilatation water tank. The whole volume ofthe water in the system is 8m3. The largesttemperature rise is 500C and the coefficient ofvolume expansion is αv=0.0005 1/K, what is thesmallest cubage of the water bank?如图1-10所⽰,⼀采暖系统在顶部设⼀膨胀⽔箱,系统内的⽔总体积为8m3,最⼤温升500C,膨胀系数αv=0.005 1/K,求该⽔箱的最⼩容积?(0.2m3) Fig. 1-9 Problem 1.21.3 When the increment of pressure is 50kPa, the density of a certain liquid is 0.02%. Find the bulk modulus of the liquid.当压强增量为50kPa时,某种液体的密度增加0.02%。
求该液体的体积模量。
( 2.5?108Pa)1.4 Fig.1-10 shows the cross-section of an oiltank, its dimensions are length a=0.6m, widthb=0.4m, height H=0.5m. The diameter of nozzleis d=0.05m, height h=0.08m. Oil fills to theupper edge of the tank, find:(1)If only the thermal expansioncoefficient αv=6.5?10-41/K of the oil tank isconsidered, what is the volume Fig.1-10 Problem 1.4of oil spilled from the tank when the temperature of oil increases from t1=-200C to t2=200C?(2)If the linear expansion coefficient αl=1.2?10-51/K of the oil tank is considered, what is the result in this case?图1-10为⼀油箱横截⾯,其尺⼨为长a=0.6m、宽b=0.4m、⾼H=0.5m,油嘴直径d=0.05m,⾼h=0.08m。
流体力学课后习题与答案

第三、四章 流体动力学基础习题及答案3-8已知流速场u x =xy 2, 313y u y =-, u z =xy, 试求:(1)点(1,2,3)的加速度;(2)是几维流动;(3)是恒定流还是非恒定流;(4)是均匀流还是非均匀流?解:(1)411633x x x x x x y z u u u u a u u u xy t x y z ∂∂∂∂=+++==∂∂∂∂25333213313233312163. 06m/s y y z x y a y u y a yu xu xy xy xy a =-===+=-====(2)二元流动 (3)恒定流(4)非均匀流41xy 33-11已知平面流动速度分布为x y 2222cxu u x ycy x y =-=++,, 其中c 为常数。
求流线方程并画出若干条流线。
解:2222-xdx=ydyx ydx dydx dy cy cx u u x y x y =⇒-=⇒++积分得流线方程:x 2+y 2=c方向由流场中的u x 、u y 确定——逆时针3-17下列两个流动,哪个有旋?哪个无旋?哪个有角变形?哪个无角变形?(1)u x =-ay,u y =ax,u z =0 (2)z 2222,,0,a c x ycy cxu u u x y x y =-==++式中的、为常数。
z 2222,,0,a c x y cy cxu u u x y x y =-==++式中的、为常数。
解:(1)110 ()()22yx x y z u u a a a xy ωωω∂∂===-=+=∂∂有旋流动 xy 11()()0 22y x xy zx u u a a x y εεε∂∂=+=-==∂∂ 无角变形 (2)222222222222222222211()2()2()22()()12()2()0 0 2()y x z x y u u x y c cx x y c cy x y x y x y c x y c x y x y ωωω∂⎡⎤∂+-+-=-=+⎢⎥∂∂++⎣⎦⎡⎤+-+====⎢⎥+⎣⎦无旋流动2222xy 22222112()()()022()()y x u u c x y c x y x y x y x y ε∂⎡⎤∂---=+==-≠⎢⎥∂∂++⎣⎦ 有角变形4—7变直径管段AB ,d A =0.2m,d B =0.4m ,高差△h=1.5m ,测得p A =30kPa ,p B =40kPa ,B 点处断面平均流速v B =1.5m/s ,试判断水在管中的流动方向。
流体力学 课后习题部分1~4章-精选.

《流体力学》课后部分答案2.14密闭容器,压力表的示值为4900N/m 2,压力表中心比A 点高0.4m ,A 点在水下1.5m ,,求水面压强。
解: 0 1.1a p p p g ρ=+-4900 1.110009.807a p =+-⨯⨯ 5.888a p =-(kPa )相对压强为: 5.888-kPa 。
绝对压强为:95.437kPa 。
答:水面相对压强为 5.888-kPa ,绝对压强为95.437kPa 。
2.16 盛满水的容器,顶口装有活塞A ,直径d=0.4m,容器底的直径D=1.0m,高h=1.8m,如活塞上加力2520N (包括活塞自重),求容器底的压强和总压力。
2.17用多管水银测压计测压,图中标高的单位为m ,试求水面的压强0p 。
解: ()04 3.0 1.4p p g ρ=--()()5 2.5 1.4 3.0 1.4Hg p g g ρρ=+---()()()()2.3 1.2 2.5 1.2 2.5 1.4 3.0 1.4a Hg Hg p g g g g ρρρρ=+---+--- ()()2.3 2.5 1.2 1.4 2.5 3.0 1.2 1.4a Hg p g g ρρ=++---+-- ()()2.3 2.5 1.2 1.413.6 2.5 3.0 1.2 1.4a p g g ρρ=++--⨯-+--⎡⎤⎣⎦265.00a p =+(kPa )答:水面的压强0p 265.00=kPa 。
2.24矩形平板闸门AB ,一侧挡水,已知长l =2m ,宽b =1m ,形心点水深c h =2m ,倾角α=︒45,闸门上缘A 处设有转轴,忽略闸门自重及门轴摩擦力,试求开启闸门所需拉力T 。
解:(1)解析法。
10009.80721239.228C C Pp A h g bl ρ=⋅=⋅=⨯⨯⨯⨯=(kN )322212 2.946122sin sin 4512sin 45sin C C D C C C bl I h y y h y A blαα=+=+=+==⨯⋅oo (m ) 对A 点取矩,当开启闸门时,拉力T 满足:()cos 0D A P y y T l θ--⋅=()212sin sin 2sin cos cos C C CD A h h l l P h P y y T l l αααθθ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎢⎥+-- ⎪⎢⎥⋅⎝⎭⋅-⎢⎥⎣⎦==⋅2122sin 3.9228cos C l lP h l αθ⎛⎫ ⎪+ ⎪⋅ ⎪⎝⎭==⋅31.007=(kN )当31.007T ≥kN 时,可以开启闸门。
流体力学课后作业

流体力学课后作业-标准化文件发布号:(9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII1.1 A pressure of 2106N/m2 is applied to a mass of water that initially filleda 1,000cm3 volume. Estimate its volume after the pressure is applied.将2106N/m2的压强施加于初始体积为1,000cm3的水上,计算加压后水的体积。
(999.1cm3)1.2 As shown in Fig.1-9, in a heating systemthere is a dilatation water tank. The whole volumeof the water in the system is 8m3. The largesttemperature rise is 500C and the coefficient ofvolume expansion is v=0.0005 1/K, what is thesmallest cubage of the water bank?如图1-10所示,一采暖系统在顶部设一膨胀水箱,系统内的水总体积为8m3,最大温升500C,膨胀系数v=0.005 1/K,求该水箱的最小容积(0.2m3) Fig. 1-9 Problem 1.21.3 When the increment of pressure is 50kPa, the density of a certain liquid is 0.02%. Find the bulk modulus of the liquid.当压强增量为50kPa时,某种液体的密度增加0.02%。
求该液体的体积模量。
( 2.5108Pa)1.4 Fig.1-10 shows the cross-section of an oiltank, its dimensions are length a=0.6m, widthb=0.4m, height H=0.5m. The diameter of nozzleis d=0.05m, height h=0.08m. Oil fills to theupper edge of the tank, find:(1)If only the thermal expansion coefficientv=6.510-41/K of the oil tank is considered,what is the volume Fig.1-10 Problem 1.4of oil spilled from the tank when the temperature of oil increases from t1=-200C to t2=200C?(2)If the linear expansion coefficient l=1.210-51/K of the oil tank is considered, what is the result in this case?(3)图1-10为一油箱横截面,其尺寸为长a=0.6m、宽b=0.4m、高H=0.5m,油嘴直径d=0.05m,高h=0.08m。
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1.1 A pressure of 2⨯106N/m2 is applied to a mass of water that initially filled a 1,000cm3 volume. Estimate its volume after the pressure is applied.将2⨯106N/m2的压强施加于初始体积为1,000cm3的水上,计算加压后水的体积。
(999.1cm3)1.2 As shown in Fig.1-9, in a heating systemthere is a dilatation water tank. The whole volume ofthe water in the system is 8m3. The largesttemperature rise is 500C and the coefficient ofvolume expansion is αv=0.0005 1/K, what is thesmallest cubage of the water bank?如图1-10所示,一采暖系统在顶部设一膨胀水箱,系统内的水总体积为8m3,最大温升500C,膨胀系数αv=0.005 1/K,求该水箱的最小容积?(0.2m3) Fig. 1-9 Problem 1.21.3 When the increment of pressure is 50kPa, the density of a certain liquid is 0.02%. Find the bulk modulus of the liquid.当压强增量为50kPa时,某种液体的密度增加0.02%。
求该液体的体积模量。
( 2.5⨯108Pa)1.4 Fig.1-10 shows the cross-section of an oiltank, its dimensions are length a=0.6m, widthb=0.4m, height H=0.5m. The diameter of nozzleis d=0.05m, height h=0.08m. Oil fills to theupper edge of the tank, find:(1)If only the thermal expansioncoefficient αv=6.5⨯10-41/K of the oil tank isconsidered, what is the volume Fig.1-10 Problem 1.4of oil spilled from the tank when the temperature of oil increases from t1=-200C to t2=200C?(2)If the linear expansion coefficient αl=1.2⨯10-51/K of the oil tank is considered, what is the result in this case?图1-10为一油箱横截面,其尺寸为长a=0.6m、宽b=0.4m、高H=0.5m,油嘴直径d=0.05m,高h=0.08m。
由装到齐油箱的上壁,求:(1)如果只考虑油液的热膨胀系数αv=6.5⨯10-41/K时,油液从t1=-200C上升到t2=200C时,油箱中有多少体积的油溢出?(2)如果还考虑油箱的线膨胀系数αl=1.2⨯10-51/K,这时的情况如何?sleeve glides down freely (neglect air resistance).Fig. 1-11 Problem 1.51-11所示。
轴与套间充满了D=102mm,轴的外径d=100mm,。
试求套筒自由下滑时的最大速度为多少(不计空气kerosene at 200C (μ=4⨯10-3N∙s/m between two walls is given by u=1000y(0.01-y) m/s, where y is measured in metersPlot the velocity distribution and在两壁面间流动的速度分布由,壁面间距为1cm。
画出速度分布图,Fig. 1-12 Problem 1.7C) and the pressure gradient dp/dx is 1.6kN/m3, what is(u12=0.59m/s;τ12=20.8N/m2;u0=0;τ0=40.4N/m2)1.8What is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of air to that of water at standard pressure and T=200C? What is the ratio of the kinematic viscosity of air to water for the same conditions?在标准大气压、T=200C时,空气与水的动力粘度之比为多少?同样条件下它们的运动粘度之比又为多少?(μA/μW=0.0018;νA/νW=15.1)1.9 The device shown in Fig. 1-13 consists of a disk that is rotated bya shaft. The disk is positioned veryclose to a solid boundary. Betweenthe disk and boundary is viscous oil.(1)If the disk is rotated at a rateof 1 rad/s, what will be the ratio ofthe shear stress in the oil at r=2cm toFig. 1-13 Problem 1.9the shear stress at r=3cm?(2)If the rate of rotation is 2 rad/s, what is the speed of oil in contact with the disk at r=3cm?(3)If the oil viscosity is 0.01 N∙s/m2 and the spacing y is 2mm, what is the shear stress for the condition noted in (b)?图1-13所示装置由绕一根轴旋转的圆盘构成。
圆盘放置在与固体边界很近的位置。
圆盘与边界间为粘性油。
(1)如果圆盘的旋转速率为1 rad/s,问半径为r=2cm与r=3cm处的剪应力之比为多少?(2)如果旋转速率为2 rad/s,r=3cm处与圆盘接触的油层的速度为多少?(3)如果油的粘度为0.01 N∙s/m2、且间距y为2mm,(b)情况下的剪应力为多少?((1) 2:3;(2) 6cm/s;(3) 0.3Pa)1.10 As shown in Fig. 1-14, a conerotates around its vertical center axis atuniform velocity. The gap between two cones is δ=1mm. It filled with lubricant which μ=0.1Pa∙s. In the Figure, R=0.3m, H=0.5m, Fig. 1-14 Problem 1.10ω=16 rad/s. What is the moment needed to rotate the cone?如图1-14所示,一圆锥体绕竖直中心轴等速旋转,锥体与固定的外锥体之间的隙缝δ=1mm,其中充满μ=0.1Pa∙s的润滑油。
已知锥体顶面半径R=0.3m,锥体高度H=0.5m,当旋转角速度ω=16 rad/s 时,求所需要的旋转力矩。
(39.6N∙m)2.1 Two pressure gauges are located on the side of a tank that is filled with oil. Onegauge at an elevation of 48m above ground level reads 347 kPa. Another at elevation2.2m reads 57.5 kPa. Calculate the specific weight and density of the oil.两个测压计位于一充满油的油箱的一侧。
一个测压计高于地面的位置高度为48m,读数57.5 kPa。
另一个位置高度为2.2m,读数347kPa。
计算油的重度与密度。
(γ=6.32kN/m3,ρ=644kg/m3)2.2 Two hemispherical shells are perfectly sealed together, and the internal pressure is reduced to 20 kPa, the inner radius is 15 cm and the outer radius is 15.5 cm. If the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, what force is required to pull the shells apart?两半球壳完美密闭在一起,内压减至20 kPa,内径15 cm,外径15.5 cm。
如果大气压强为100 kPa,求要将半球拉开所需的力为多少。
(24.5kN)2.3 As shown in the figure, there is aquantity of oil with density of 800 kg/m3,and a quantity of water below it in a closedcontainer. If h1=300mm, h2=500mm, andh=400mmHg, find the pressure at the freesurface of the oil.如图所示,密闭容器中油的密度为800kg/m3,其下方为水。
如果h1=300mm,h2=500mm, 及h=400mmHg,求油的自由表面上的压强。
(46.1kPa) Problem 2.32.4 According to the diagram, one end of a tubeconnected to an evacuated container and the otherend is put into a water pool whose surface isexposed to normal atmospheric pressure. If hv=2m,what is the pressure inside of container A?如图,一根管子一端与一抽空的容器相连,另一端插入暴露于大气的水池中。