过去完成时讲解

过去完成时讲解
过去完成时讲解

过去完成时

一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点

概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。

----|--------------------------

|-------------------------------|---------------------------->

那时以前那时现在

构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.

She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning.

二、过去完成时的判断依据

1. 由时间状语来判定

一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。

如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。

如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。

如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。

过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

( 1 )宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:

She said that she had seen the film before.

( 2 )状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:

Where did you study before you came here?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

( 3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

三、过去完成时的主要用法

1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如:

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)

2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如:

He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )

3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ,yet , still , just , before , never 等时间副词及 by , before , until 等引导的短语或从句连用。

如:Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.

Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.

4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。

如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)

5. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...(刚…就…), no sooner...than... (刚…就…), It was the first time + that 等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

我们刚开始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。

四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:

I have learned 1000 English words so far.

到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.

到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.

没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。

— Where had he been?

他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:

1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:

They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

I (had) called her before I left the office.

重点

英语中,已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作,为什么还有过去完成时呢?要记住:过去完成时的关键概念是:假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件,一件是A事件,另一件是B事件,如果A、B两个事件几乎是同时发生的,那就用一般过去时;但是,如果A、B两个事件不是同时发生的,怎么办呢?那就是:哪个事件先发生,就用过去完成时;哪个事件后发生,就用过去完成时。在上面的假设中,如果A事件先发生,A就用过去完成时;如果B事件先发生,B就用过去完成时;而不管两件事是用什么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。

请看例句:

[例1]She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

[例2]When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

[例3]We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

[例4]Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. [例5]The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.

在上面的五个例子中,我们只要稍微分析一下,就可以发现:每个例子讲述的内容中,都包含着两个(或以上)在过去发生的事件。我们将两件事抽取出来看一下,就非常明白:必定有一件事是先生的,另一件是后发生的:[例1]……said…… had never been to (先没有“去”,后“说”)

[例2]……arrived……had run away. (先“跑”了,后“到”)

[例3]…… had hoped ……would come……didn't (先“希望”,后才发生“没去”)

[例4]……was disappointed……had left ……arrived (先“离开”,后“到达”和“失望”)

[例5]……were writing……went ……had left (先“离开”,后“到”和“写”)

难点

过去完成时的难点在于:有时候一句话中并没有出现两个事件,因此无法比较两个事件的先后。那为什么也用过去完成时呢?请看下面的例句:

[例1]By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

实际上,在上面的例句中,仍然有着“先、后”之分的。不过,这次不是A、B两件事件的先后,而是有两个过去时间的“先、后”关系。

首先,句子中有个明确的过去时间点:12岁。说他“12岁”,显然是过去式。那么,紧接着说“他已经开始谋

生了”,这个“谋生”是发生在“12岁”时,还是“12岁”前,还是“12岁”后?答案是肯定的:他的“谋生”发生在“12岁”之前!也就是说,“12岁”已经是一般过去时,而在“12岁”之前发生的事,当然是过去完成时。所以,在那么多表示时间状语的词中,大家要特别注意By、

Until等的用法。可以说,在讲述过去的事件中,如果出现By……时间状语,很有可能要用过去完成时了。(当然,我说的是很有可能。) 类似的时间表达方式还有Until、Before等。只要大家把握了过去完成时的基本含义,不管句子怎么变化,应该没有多大的问题。例如:[例2]Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six month.

此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有个明确的过去时间点"then"(那时),而"hadn't heard"

发生在then之前(包括then)。所以此句用的是过去完成时。

再举两个例子,请大家自己分析:

[例3]We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term.

[例4]I waited until he had finished his homework.

[例5]We had got to the station before 10:00.

英语过去完成时练习全集及解析

英语过去完成时练习全集及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1.She said when she got to the cinema, the film ________ for 5 minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:她说当她到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始五分钟了。根据got 可知,电影开始五分钟属于在过去某时间前已经存在的状态,应该用过去完成时,所以排 除A和C。开始begin,电影已经开始了五分钟是存在的状态,要用延续性的动词,所以要 将瞬间动词begin改为be on,故选D。 【点评】此题考查动词的时态问题以及瞬间动词和延续性动词的区别。 2.Simon ________ the piano for ages when he gave his first concert. A. has played B. is playing C. had played D. will play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:西蒙举行第一次音乐会时,他已经弹了很多年钢琴了。根据时间 状语when he gave his first concert.可知此处用过去的时态,表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年,然 后开了音乐会,表示过去的过去,应该用过去完成时:had+动词的过去分词,故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。掌握过去完成时的意义(过去的过去)和构成:had+动词的过去分词。 3.By the time I finished my homework,my mother . A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 可知此处应为过去完成时,故选 D. 和“ finished” 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ” 【点评】考查过去完成时。 4.By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:到2012年底,我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。Buildings是build这一动作的承受者,该用被动语态。而被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。根据By the end of 2012可知该用过去完成时,所以选C。

(完整版)英语lie,lie,lay精讲与详细解析,附题目和题目详解

巧记初中英语单词lie lay及专题突破 lie lay (位于.躺.放.产卵.撒谎)的过去式及过去分词 lie 详细用法>> 英[la?] v. 躺;坐落在;处于…状态;说谎 n. 谎言;谎话;状态;位置 [例句] That's a lie! 你说谎! ? lie躺,平放,位于(vi.) 一个人躺着总得翻身换姿势所以有各种词形变化。。。 (一个人累了就想躺着,所以过去是累呀,n个累.lay-lain) lie说谎(vi.) 撒谎一般不露声色所以不变。。。。 (撒个谎就过去了的,所以最简单,过去式及分词一样laid) Lay 放(vt.),下蛋(vi.&vt.) 下蛋本身就是累过去挺累的,到现在只是累. 然后就懒了(laid)根据汉语拼音自己找感觉哈哈希望有所帮助. 专项习题集 lie位于,躺-lay-lain; lie说谎-lied -lied; lay 放置,产卵lay-laid-laid。 1.The old man ________ on the road. Luckily, he was not badly____ A.lay, hurt B.lied, hurted C.has lain, hurt D.way lying, hurted 参考答案: A

2. The little girl who ________on the bed ________to her mother that the old hen had ________two eggs. A. lay; lay; lied B. lied; lied; lied https://www.360docs.net/doc/2f5642025.html,id; laid; laid D. lay; lied; laid 参考答案: D 3. He asked me to _______ the table while he himself _______ in bed. A. lay; lied B. lay; lay C. lied; laid D. lay; laid 参考答案:B 4. He found the egg ________ that morning ________ on the floor. 无答案 A. lay; laid B. laid; laid C. lied; laid D. lied; lay 5. ------Why are you so angry ? -------My son _________to me that he __________ the money on the desk, but in fact he spent it on ice-cream. A. lied, lay B. lied, laid C. lay, laid D. laid, lay 参考答案:B 6The woman ____ her baby on its back on the bed. A.lied https://www.360docs.net/doc/2f5642025.html,y https://www.360docs.net/doc/2f5642025.html,id https://www.360docs.net/doc/2f5642025.html,in 参考答案: C 7The little girl ____ on the ground ____ that she had ____ all the toysswheresthey were. A lying,lied,laid B.lying,lied,lain C laying, lay,laid https://www.360docs.net/doc/2f5642025.html,ying,lay,lain 参考答案: A 8. Did you find a old woman on the ground when the door was broken open? A. dead; lay B. dying; lied C. dead; lied D. dying; lying 参考答案:D 9. “ I _____awake (醒着) all night thinking of you,” he ____to her. A. lied, lay B. lay, lay C. lied, lied D. lay, lied 参考答案: D

过去完成时用法详解

过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如: He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如: Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...(刚…就…), no sooner...than... (刚…就…), It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

过去完成时用法详解

过去完成时用法小结一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had fini shed my homework before suppe我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started whe n we got to the theat 我们至U剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients 六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续至过去某个时间或还要 持续下去,常与for, si nee等词连用。如: He had served in the army for ten yeabefore he retired last year.他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。 He told me that he had known hes in eehe was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight yearbsefore he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如: Tom flew home, but his father had already died汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。

初中英语时态讲解(完整版)

英语时态讲解 1. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom 以及时间副词 every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night 做状语。如: He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如: The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时,液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如: He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。 She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如: I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞,而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排,并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如: The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到,八点过十分

过去完成时讲解练习

过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他. ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他) 基本用法 。 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。 例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. ~ 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.

高中语法过去完成时详解讲解学习

过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 例;By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨天晚上9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例;I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站已经等了20分钟,一辆公共汽车终于来了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说他自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补充以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。 例;Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例;I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost.她发现她失去了的钥匙。 (5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例;He said that he had known her well.他说他早就很了解她了。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,“发生在过去的过去”,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 e.g:When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after 的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 e.g:After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。 (7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。 e.g:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 (8)过去完成时还可用在hardly when no sooner than It was the first

过去完成时讲解

过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。 如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。 如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在: ( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如: When I got to the station, the train had already left.

人教版英语过去完成时形式讲解含答案百度文库

人教版英语过去完成时形式讲解含答案百度文库 一、初中英语过去完成时 1.By the first day of August, 2007, the PLA ________ for eighty years. A. founded B. has founded C. has been found D. had been founded 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:到2007年8月1日为止,中国人民解放军已经成立了80年了。句中有by+过去的时间,表示到…为止,句子用过去完成时,found成立,故选D 【点评】动词的时态是学习英语过程中非常重要的知识。现在完成时表示动词在过去发生对现在造成的影响。现在完成时往往和already,yet,for+一段时间,since+点时间的时间状语连用。过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去,句子中强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。 2.— How long has the train been away? — Sorry. I don't know. By the time I got here, the train ________. A. has left B. was leaving C. had been away D. had left 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——火车离开多久了?——很抱歉。我不知道。我到这儿的时候,火车已经离开了。由By the time I got here可知该用过去完成时,所以选C。 【点评】考查动词时态。 3.—How long you TV by the time I called you? —For about two hours A. had; watched B. have; watched C. did; watch D. were; watching 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】由句中的by the time可判断.这里用过去完成时,故选A。句意是:—到我打电话给你为止,你已经看了多长时间的电视了?—大约两个小时。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。 4.By the time of last year, she the piano for five years. A. learnt B. has learnt C. had learnt D. will learn 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:到去年的时候,她已经学了五年钢琴了。由时间状语By the time

(完整版)英语完成时态语法讲解专题

过去完成时态 (一)定义:①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。发生在前的那个动作【过去的过去】 (二)基本结构:主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)? ⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn't)+been+过去分词 (三)用法: (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。 例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 (5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如:He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 (6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的

过去完成时讲解及练习带答案

定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)? 基本用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。 例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 (5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如:He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 (6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的

初中过去完成时讲解

过去完成时用法讲解 一、概念:表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词。 二、用法: 1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。例如: He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。) 2. 与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。例如: The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。) # The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她,因为我以前看见过她。) 解说:使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时,该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的: He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night. 若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。请再观察下面的句子试比较:It had rained yesterday. (误) It rained yesterday.(正) 或许你会说:“昨天下了雨,可是今天已放晴了,下雨已是过去的事,而且已经下完了,所以就用过去完成时……。”这就是最令同学们对一般过去时和过去完成时感到混淆和困惑的。实际上只要我们了解下面的两点原则就可以消除这种现象。 1. 由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。 ; 2. 除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外,应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。 三、过去完成时常用的连词有:before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as等。例如: He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 四、在什么情况下使用过去完成时 1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中,一般用过去完成时。例如: She said (that) she had never been to Paris. … 2. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 3. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本……,未能……”。例如: We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 典型例题: The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ____ in the office. A. had written, left , B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前,因此“忘了书”这一动作发生

英语过去完成时练习题及答案及解析

英语过去完成时练习题及答案及解析 一、单项选择过去完成时 1.—Lily went to see the movie alone. —If she _____ me about it, I would have gone with her. A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told 【答案】D 【解析】 考查时态。句意:丽丽一个人去看电影了。——如果她告诉过我这件事,我会和她一起去的。结合语境可知从句中说的是在过去已完成动作,故用过去完成时态。 2.The girl, when _____ why she _____ in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent. A.questioned; was cheated B.being questioned; was cheating C.questioned; had cheated D.being questioned; has cheated 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意:当被问到为什么在考试中作弊中,小女孩子低头不语。When引导的是是时间状语从句,与girl 之间是被动关系,所以用done形式,作弊没有被动语态,故选C项。 3.Hardly ___________the door when he rushed into the office out of breath. A.I opened B.did I open C.I had opened D.had I opened 【答案】D 【解析】 本题考查hardly...when 结构,表示“一……就、刚刚……就”;句意:我刚把门打开,他就气喘吁吁冲进办公室。hardly 以及含有否定意义的副词放在句首,句子用倒装结构,故选D。 【名师点睛】 hardly......when的用法 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生,意思是“刚刚....,就....”。注意其时态上主句一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时。有时主句也可用现在完成时,从句用一般现在时。

精华版if引导的虚拟语气讲解

if引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类: 1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition): 凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。例如: ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼。)2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition): 当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。例如: ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting.如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了。 (3)、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。) 2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况: ①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法”

后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即: 在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是: ①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例: ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 一、与过去事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句 Should Ifhad+过去分词Would + have+过去分词could might 二、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句 Should If 1."动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形Would +动词原形 could might

中考英语过去完成时完整归纳

外研版英语中考英语过去完成时完整归纳 一、初中英语过去完成时 1.Mr. Smith ________ in a car factory for ten years before he came to China. A. had worked B. works C. is working D. will work 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:史密斯先生来中国前在一个汽车厂工作十年了。根据before he came to China,可知他来汽车厂发生在来中国前,所以句子时态是过去完成时,had worked,故选A。 【点评】此题考查过去完成时。根据时间状语确定句子时态。 2.— Jack, would you like to see the new movie? — I'd love to, but I______ it already. A. am seeing B. will see C. see D. have seen 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——杰克,你愿意去看这个新电影吗?——当然乐意,但是我已经看过了。由already可知是完成时,所以用have done。故选D。 【点评】本题考查完成时have done。 3.By the time I got there, the football match ________ already ________. A. has; finished B. was; finished C. had; finished D. /; finished 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:到我到达那里的时候,足球赛已经结束了。by the time通常用完成时态,根据got可知是过去完成时,故选C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。 4.The film when I got there. A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】题中“I got there”表现的是过去时,且题意表达已经开始故为过去完成时,故选C. 【点评】此题考查过去完成时。

(完整版)过去完成时的用法总结,推荐文档

1. cleaned the blackboard 2. closed the window ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had cleaned the closed the window now blackboard She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window. After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window. 1. ran out of breath 2. drank water ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had run out drank water now of breath He had run out of breath before he drank water. After he had run out of breath, he drank water. 1. ate an apple 2. slept ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had eaten slept now an apple She had eaten an apple before she slept. After she had eaten an apple , she slept. 一、过去完成时定义: ②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。 He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。(因为“说”said就是过去式,而去北京的动作发生在说said 的过去,所以用过完而不用现完。

相关文档
最新文档