Unit-3 高级英语第1册
CONTENTS
1
Warm Up
2
Global Reading
3
Detailed Reading
4
Text Appreciation
5
Consolidation Activities
6
Further Enhancement
SELCeTadIO-inN 1: W U BacAkgRroMund IPnformation
Cousins wrote on a variety of subjects and had
many publications. In 1979, his Anatomy of an Illness appeared, a book based on Cousins’ own
experience with his life-threatening illness and exploring the healing ability of the human mind.
SEMCaTiInOIdNea2: GLSOtruBcAtuLraRl AEnAaDlysIiNs G
Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose.
A. To criticize over-advertisement of pain-killers. B. To enlighten the public on the causes and mechanisms of pain. C. To illustrate traditional misconceptions about pain and pain-killers. D. To recommend solutions for pain and the painrelated illiteracy.
SEMCaTiInOIdNea2: GLSOtruBcAtuLraRl AEnAaDlysIiNs G
Please divide the text into 4 parts and summarize the main idea of each part.
Part (Paragraph 1) Introduction I
Main Idea
Hale Waihona Puke Structural Analysis
Part IV (Paragraph 13) Conclusion
In Paragraph 13, the author calls upon all the parties concerned to take action to educate people about pain and pain-killing drugs.
9. Icing a sprain A. returns sofBt tissue to normal. B. decreases swelling. C. increases circulation.
SECTION 1: WARM UP
Lead-in
Background Information
10. The difference between chronic pain and acute
Paragraph 1 states that Americans are the most painconscious people in the world and introduces the result of this over-consciousness.
SECTION 2: GLOBAL READING
SECTION 3: DETAILED READING
Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy 1 Americans are probably the most pain-conscious people on the face of the earth. For years we have had it drummed into us—in print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversation—that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil. As a result, we are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers and hypochondriacs, escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal. 2 We know very little about pain and what we don’t know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in
QUESTION
SECTION 3: DETAILED READING
excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society. 3 [2] The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers—aspirins, barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or desensitizing drugs. 4 [3] Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings
Part III (Paragraphs 8-12) Harm of Pain-Killing Drugs
Paragraphs 8-12, making use of typical examples, illustrate the harm of pain-killing drugs.
SECTION 2: GLOBAL READING
B
pain is
A. the intensity of the pain.
B. how long the pain lasts.
C. where the pain is.
D. when the pain comes on.
SELCeTadIO-inN 1: W U BacAkgRroMund IPnformation
About the Author American essayist and editor, Norman Cousins was born in 1915 in Union Hill, New Jersey. He attended Teachers College at Columbia University, and then went on to lead an illustrious career as
Take the quiz below to see how well you know about everyday aches and pains.
1. Some people say they feel pain in their hair. T/ F? T 2. Pain is always a sign that something is wrong. T/ F? F 3. Redheads may be more sensitive to pain than people with
other hair colors. T/ F? T 4. Growing pains are real. T/ F? T 5. Women have a higher threshold for pain. T/ F? F 6. Exercise can help reduce pain over time. T/ F? T 7. If you have back pain, you should sleep on a firm
1915-1990
SECTION 1: WARM UP
Lead-in
Background Information
Norman Cousins died in November, 1990. He led an extraordinary life, spending his lifetime challenging the odds. He received hundreds of awards including the Peace Medal from the United Nations, and nearly fifty honorary doctorate degrees. He also served as a diplomat during three presidential administrations.
mattress. T/ F? F
SECTION 1: WARM UP
Lead-in
Background Information
8. The most common painful conditioAn is A. low back pain. B. cancer pain. C. headache. D. arthritis.
UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ-高中英语(人教版)选择性必修第一册
6. They marked the boundaries( ) of the football fields. 7. The town was visible( ) from far away. 8. The singer was accompanied( ) on the piano by her teacher. 9. She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted( ) her. 10. They brought the children to the old man and he blessed( ) them.
学习策略
1. 利用题目有效预测听力内容或篇章大意; 2. 通过复合或派生等构词规则记忆单词
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义 1. If something is buffeted( ) by strong winds or by stormy seas, it is repeatedly blown or struck around by them. 2. We were on a hill, right on the edge( ) of town. 3. At dusk bats appear in vast( ) numbers. 4. Mating blackbirds will defend their territory( ) against other birds. 5. Chemical weapons are internationally banned( ).
答案:1. buffeted 2. vast 3. banned/prohibited 4. cottage
高级英语第一册Unit3 Ships in the Desertword版本
coast but now water had turned into sand therefore they were surrounded by sand and could not move. • 2) dune: a rounded hill or ridge of sand heaped up by the action • 3) that stretched... to the horizon: that extended as far as the eye could see; that extended to the far off place where the sky meets the earth
• 2) lap: to strike geቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱtly with a light, splashing sound
• 3) in all direction: everywhere
5. The other ships … to the
horizon
• l) How could the other ships be at rest in the sand? • The other ships were also anchored in the original
(完整word版)高级英语第一册第三版课后翻译+Paraphrase
Unit1 Paraphrase:1。
We're elevated 23 feet。
We’re 23 feet above sea level。
2。
The place has been here since 1915，and no hurricane has bothered it.The house has been here since 1915，and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4。
The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity，so the lights also went out。
5。
Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars！6。
The electrical systems had been killed by water。
The electrical systems in the car （the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt。
高级英语教案 Book1 Unit3
Unit Three Ships in the DesertTeaching Object: English majors of junior yearTime: 8 periodsTeaching Aims:·To enable students to get better understanding of the text·To help students learn to use new words and useful expressions in the text ·To enable students learn to paraphrase some complicated sentences·To enable students to learn the use of rhetoric devices in the text·To help students appreciate the techniques of argumentative writing·To arouse students’ awareness of enviromental protectionTeaching Focus:·Background Information·Language points and expressions·Main idea summarizing·Figures of speech·Writing practiceTeaching Difficulties:·Appreciation of argumentative writing style·Paraphrasing some sentences·Identifying figures of speech·Translating some sentencesTeaching Procedures:·Background information·Question to ponder·Structural analysis·Detailed study of the text·Writing skills·ExercisesTime Allocation：8 periods, 360minutes·Background information (45 minutes)·Intensive study of the text (225 minutes)·Exercise (90 minutes)I. Background InformationAL Gore: born in I948 in Washington D.C., U.S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee, and U.S. Vice-President (1992-2000) under President Bill Clinton. He failed to won the great presidential election in 2000 with a controversial results. Some people say his failure was, to a large extent, a result of the negative effects of Clinton's scandal. But more people are convincing that he will win next time. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken.Global warming: the earth is getting warmer due to the heat from gas in industry, and surfs heat accumulated because of too many man-made pollutants. Thetemperature of the earth's atmosphere and its surface is steadily rising. The global warming is a great concern to our present environmental problems. It is a result of the greenhouse effect in which man-made pollutants in the atmosphere (carbon dioxide, carbon oxide---waste gas from factories and cars, etc,) trap heat at the surface of the earth. The warming of global warming will speed up the disappearance of glacier on both polar regions, increase of desert on earth's surface and unbearable heat in the summer, imposing a great danger to the living condition on Earth.II. Questions to Ponder1. Pre-reading Questions (optional)1) What does "ships in the desert" originally refer to? (camels) Can we find ships in the desert? Where is the desert mentioned here and how did it come from?2) From this title, what do you think the author is going to discuss in the text? (environmental problems) How does the title relate to the theme of the whole text? (a starting point to discuss the world environmental crisis, not just in Aral Sea, but all around the world)3) What proofs does the text mention in presenting the environmental crisis around the world? (desert in Aral Sea, core ice sample from the Trans-Antarctic Mountain -- North Pole, air measurement in the South pole, thinning ice in Arctic Ocean, deforestation in the equator in Brazil, the "noctilucent cloud" in high northern latitudes areas. )4) What does the author think cause all these environmental destruction? And what is the solution he suggests?5) What is the main theme of this text?III. Structural analysis1) Section 1: Para 1 --- Para 8: Presenting readers with environmental problems we are experiencing.proofs/examples to show the global environmental crisis due to thehumankind's assault on the earth.Para 1: Desert in the Aral Sea---the new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked; canning fish shipped from the Pacific Ocean more than a thousand miles away.Para 2: core ice sample from Trans-Antarctic Mountains---moved his fingers back in time to the ice of two decades ago; the Clean Air Act, even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest and least accessible place on earth.Para 3: industrial revolution caused the atmosphere, air measurement in South.PolePara 4-5: polar ice cap in Arctic Ocean is thinning as a result of global warming, which will bring disastrous consequences.Para 6: billowing clouds of smoke regularly blacken the sky; the rain forest burned to create pasture for fast-food beef, we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.Para 7-8: The noctilucent cloud in high northern latitudes---ghostly sky, because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere; adding to the threat of global warming.2)Section 2 (can also be grouped into section 3): Paragraph 9--- Transitional paragraph by way of raising question.We have all witnessed our assault on the environment. Our present response to environmental destruction is puzzling, but no massive effort to save it. Why?3) Section 3: Paragraph 10-16 ---what to do with the problems?The author's suggestion on how to classify environmental problems and to find the real cause of these problems so as to respond appropriately.Para 10: reason to classify the problems and to organize our thoughts and feelingsPara 11: introduction on how to classify military conflict--- local/regional/ strategic.Para 12: how to classify environmental destructionsPara 13-14: two examples to show what is a strategic environmental problem.- chlorine and global warmingPara 15: To think strategically about our new relationship to the environment. Human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment.Para 16: Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. (topic sentence in Para 16)4) Section 4: Para 17---To solve the global environmental crises by trying to building up a new relationship between human civilization and environment Para 17---20: two dramatic changes (population and scientific technology) has brought us a new relationship to the Earth.Para 21: The new relationship between the Earth and human civilization is a common cause to environmental problemPara 22: Analysis of the new change relationship with the environment.(first.,.., second....)Para 23---25: example of nuclear weapon in changing the way we think about war and the relationship between states.Para 26: A solution to the global environmental crisis---reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the Earth.The whole text follows the organization of 1..raise problems; 2. analyze the problem (find the cause); 3. find a solution to the problems.This is also the typical structure of a argumentation.IV. Detailed study of the text1. I was standing . .. on a good day1) in the sun: in the sunlight, as opposed to in the shade2) capable of: having the ability of3) to process: to prepare by a special method4) catch: the amount caught5) on a good day: good here means satisfying6) capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning 50 tons of fish caught on a productive day 2. But it wasn't a good day.It refers to the day I was there.3. the prospects of a good catch looked bleakl) bleak: not promising or hopeful2) it was riot at all possible to have a good catch, to catch a large amount of fish3 ) This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.4. Where there should have been.., there was ...1) Pay attention to the structure. The implication is that once there were gentle waves lapping against the side of the ship but there were none now. Instead, in the place of the waves there were stretches of sand.2) lap: to strike gently with a light, splashing sound3) in all direction: everywhere5. The other ships . .. to the horizon1) How could the other ships be at rest in the sand?The other ships were also anchored in the original coast but now water had turned into sand therefore they were surrounded by sand and could not move.2) dune: a rounded hill or ridge of sand heaped up by the action of the wind3) that stretched . .. to the horizon: that extended as far as the eye could see; that extended to the far off place where the sky meets the earth6. Why is the Aral disappearing?It is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The scheme was an ill-conceived one because it failed to take into consideration the ecological effect.7. My research for ... destruction1) Why did he travel around the world?He travelled around the world because he wanted to see, check and study cases of such destruction in order to find out the basic causes behind the environmental crisis.2)image: typical example8. But the most significant …ever since1) thus far: up to this time2) pick up speed: develop in an accelerated speed; become faster3) ever since: from then until now9. Industry meant…warm the earth1) industry meant coal: the development of industry meant the use of large amount of coal as fuel to generate power2) it: standing for coal and later oil3) rising level: the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere grew10. upwind from the ice runway… that inexorable change1) upwind: in the direction from which the wind is blowing or usually blows ,2) ice runway: runway is a strip of paved ground for use by air planes in taking offand landing, and here in the South Pole the runway is a strip of ice ground3) ski plane: an airplane with skis instead of wheels for landing and taking off in the snow4) Why are the engines of the plane kept running?Because the pilot fears that if he stops the engines, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again.11. and then I was standing…sheets collide1) eerily: mysteriously or uncannily, esp. in such a way as to frighten or disturb2) windswept: swept by or exposed to winds3) with the horizon defined by little hummocks: with the stretch of ice field characterized by small ridges4) How are these hummocks formed?When separate layers of ice, broad in extent, strike violently against each other, ice is pushed up into ridges by the force of the collision.12. As the polar air ... could be disastrous1) polar cap: the polar region of ice2) to thin: to make or become thin or thinner3) could be: note the use of modal verb. Here "could be" indicates possibility.13. Considering such scenarios ... exercise1) scenario: an outline for any proposed or planned series of events, real or imagined2) Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of thethinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical value.14. Six months . . . last decadel) the pattern of ice distribution: the regular way ice is distributed2) a still controversial al claim: a statement which some scientists still do not completely accept3) which a variety of data now suggest: data coming from different sources point to this conclusion4) overall: in general15. whether . . . of waste: whether it is the fact that recently there are more hot days when the temperature is over 100 degrees F, or the fact that the sun burns our skin more quickly in recent times, or the fact that the debate over the way of disposing of the growing amount of waste matter comes up more frequently16. But our response ... puzzling: but our reaction to these signals is so baffling that it is difficult to understand17. Why haven't ... environment?: Why haven't we started a large scale movement to save our environment?18. to come at the question another way: to approach the question in a different way; to put the question differently19. Why do ... effectively? : Why do some symbols so alarm us that we immediately take action and concentrate on ways of dealing with them effectively?20. And why do ... distraction?l) equally dramatic: as striking as (the other images)2) paralysis: partial or complete loss; inability to act3) convenient distraction: handy and easy to get diversion4) And why do other symbols, though sometimes no less striking, only cause a kind of loss and inactivity and we concentrate our attention not on the ways to deal with them but instead, on .some other substitutes which are easy to get and less painful? 21. it may be . . . appropriately: it may he useful to arrange them into different groups, thus getting our thoughts and feelings straightened out so that we will be able to take the most suitable action22. a sudden and startling ... makes up the earth1) a sudden and startling surge in human population: a sudden big and shocking increase in the world's population2) with the addition ... every ten years: every ten years the newly-added population will equal the population of China; every ten years, one more China' s population will be added to the population of the world3) worth: equal in size or number4) a sudden acceleration . .. revolution: the scientific and technological revolution suddenly develops more rapidly5) which has allowed ... the world around us: which has increased our power to influence the world around us to such a degree that can hardly be conceived6) physical matter: material substance23. when viewed in a historical context: when we look at the matter from a historical point of view24. Now, in the course of . .. halfway there1) in the course of our human lifetime: during the life span of an individual2) mine: referring to my lifetime3) it is already more than half way there: the world population is already more than half of that figure25. Like the population . . . exponentially1) pick up speed: increase speed; gain speed2) ongoing: continuing; that is actually in process3) exponential: of or relating to an exponent26. The problem is ... the environment: What is involved is a matter of human relations with nature, rather than how mankind will affect nature.27. As a result ... ecological system: As a result, if we want to solve the problem, we will have to carefully weigh and determine how important that relationship is and how important is the complicated interconnection among factors "inside human society and between these factors and the main natural parts of global ecological system.28. There is ... to our thinking : There is only one example in the past which posed similar demand on us for a change in our way of looking at things.79. The invention… for warfare itself1) subsequent: following in time or order2) forced a slow and painful! recognition: (the situation) compelled us to accept as afact gradually and with difficulty3) thus acquired: come to be possessed in this way4) institution of warfare: practice of armed conflict29. That sobering ... such a war1) that sobering realization: once you know how serious and terrible a nuclear war will be, you become more clear-headed, more balanced in your reasoning and judgment2) the prospect of such a war: the expected outcome of such a war30. may well tear away . . . in warfare: can suitably dispose of the wrong thinking people entertain which have made them fail to see the change in the nature of armed conflict32. genetic engineering: 基因工程33. a simplistic notion at best: an oversimplified view even under the most favorable interpretation; at most a view which makes complex problems unrealistically simple 34. What, according to the author, should he the real solution?The real solution lies in a careful reconsideration of all the factors leading to the dramatic change which now poses a threat and the adoption of a new approach towards man' s relationship with nature. In other words, a change in man's thinking, in man's concept on the relationship, is the most important thing.V.Writing skillsArgumentation Writing TechniquesAn argumentation tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, and to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes. Speeches on policies, editorials of newspapers, articles on political or theoretical question, and various proposals are often argumentative. Argumentation frequently makes use of the other three types of writing---description, narration, and above all exposition, for argumentation and exposition are very closely related----argumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.A good argumentation needs to have1. a debatable point---a point mostly inappropriately shared by some people.2. sufficient evidence---facts speak louder than words.3.good logic---facts and reasons are logically connected with conclusion.4. clear logic--- a good argumentation includes 3 parts: introduction, body and the conclusion.5. integrated use of other writing styles: description, narration, and especially the various methods of exposition (illustration, cause & effect, comparison & contrast, division an classification6. An honest and friendly attitude: ---The force of an argument does not come from abuse, sarcasm, exaggeration, or fierce attacks, but from solid evidence, logical reasoning, and careful analysis. Take care that you neither overstate or understate and avoid overuse of such words and phrase as "perhaps", "maybe", sometimes", "most often", "nearly always", "i think", or "in my opinion".In an argumentation, all or some of the techniques are adopted simultaneously in a passage so as to make your argumentation to be more convincing. The point in an argumentation is that you need to make the potential readers believe what you present and proclaim in the writing are undeniable facts and a reasonable and scientific viewpoint.VI. Assignment:1)Going through some exercise in the text.2)Oral work: Discussing the relationship between economic development andenviromental protection3)Choose one of the following topics and write an argumentation in around 1000 wards.Live to Work or Work to liveCosmetics Make a Woman (Clothes Make a Man)Modest Gift Is More DesirableIs Wealth of Position a Sign of SuccessInternet, for or against。
高中英语Unit3 课件北师大版选择性必修第一册(付,292页)
自主预习
重点句式 1.They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. 2.Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 重点语法限制性和非限制性定语从句
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
-1-
主题语境——人与自然 环境保护 素养导航
晨读晚诵
The Sixth Mass Extinction As the human population has risen to 7.5 billion,our species’ enormous① footprint on planet Earth has had a shocking impact on mammals,birds,insects,and marine life.We’ve driven thousands of species to the edge of extinction through habitat loss,overhunting and overfishing,the introduction of invasive② species into new ecosystems, toxic③ pollution,and climate change.In the past 40 years,the number of wild animals has decreased by 50 percent,a 2019 study found.And the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates that the populations of vertebrates④ have fallen by an average of 60 percent since 1970.The past 20 years have brought a 90 percent decrease in the number of monarch butterflies in America,a loss of 900 million,and an 87 percent loss of rusty patched bumblebees. Only 3 percent of the original populations of the heavily fished Pacific bluefin tuna (蓝鳍金枪鱼) remain in the sea.“We are sleepwalking toward the edge of a cliff,” said Mike Barrett,executive director at WWF.
高级英语第一册第三版课后翻译+Paraphrase
Unit1 Paraphrase:1. We’re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars!6. The electrical systems in the car (the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and finally stopped.10. Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late.1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
高级英语第一册Unit 3 文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
Unit 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in anill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he said. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it – bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day'smeasurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is – there at the end of the earth – to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick – and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them – indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles – precisely at the equator in Brazil – where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America – which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment arenow commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respondappropriately.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be under stood in a global context. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination ofunder-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would haveany lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They aresymptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth's natural balance. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare – from a fight to a process of destruction.”Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms r ace is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one side or the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of war far e and about the relationship between states.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posedby changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTESI) Al Gore: born in 1948 in Washington D. C., U. S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee,and U. S. Vice-President ( l 992-) under President Bill Clinton. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken. 2) Aral Sea: inland sea and the world’s fourth largest lake, c. 26 000 sqmiles, SW Kazakhstan and NW Uzbekhstan, E of the Caspian Sea3) Great Lakes: group of five freshwater lakes, Central North America, between the United States and Canada, largest body of fresh water in the world. From west to east, they are Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.4) Trans-Antarctic Mountains: mountain chain stretching across Antarctica from Victoria I and to Coats I and; separating the E Antarctic and W Antarctic subcontinents5) Clean Air Act: one of the oldest environmental laws of the U. S., as well as the most far-reaching, the costliest, and the most controversial. It was passed in 1970.6) Washington D. C.: capital of the United States. D. C. (District of Columbia).is added to distinguish it from the State of Washington and 3 other cities in the U. S bearing the sonic name.7) freeze-locking: the metal parts are frozen solid and unable to move freely8)midnight sun: phenomenon in which the sun remains visible in the sky for 24 hours or longer, occurring only in the polar regions9)global warming; The earth is getting warmer. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere and its surface is steadily rising.10) Submarine sonar tracks: the term sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging. It is used for communication between submerged submarines or between a submarine and a surface vessel, for locating mines and underwater hazards to navigation, and also as a fathometer, or depth finder.11) greenhouse (effect): process whereby heat is trapped at the surface of the earth by the atmosphere. An increase of man-made pollutants in the atmosphere will lead to a long-term warming of the earth's climate.12) Julius Caesar: (102? B. C -- 44 B. C:. ), Roman statesman and general13) Christopher Columbus: ( 1451-1506), discoverer of America, born Genoa, Italy14) Thomas Jefferson: (17-13-1826 ), 3d President of the UnitedStates(1801-1809), author of the Declaration of Independence.15) Declaration of Independence: full and formal declaration adopted July 4,1776, by representatives of the thirteen colonies in North America announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States16)Ozone depletion: A layer of ozone in the stratosphere prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation, which is harmful to life, from penetrating to the earth's surface.Some.environmental, scientists fear that certain man-made pollutants, e.g. nitric oxide, CFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons), etc., may interfere with the delicate balance of reactions that maintains the ozone’ s concentration, possibly leading to a drastic depletion of stratospheric ozone. This is now happening in the stratosphere above the polarShips in the Desert 课文讲解/Detailed StudyShips in the Desert--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study1. Ships in the Desert [image-7]: Ships anchored in the desert. This is aneye-catching title and it gives an image that people hardly see. When readers read the title, they can’t help wondering why and how.Paragraph 1. typical example of environmental destruction[image-7]2. capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning fifty-tons of fish on a productive day.catch: the amount of something caught; in the sentence it refers to the amount of fish caught e.g. The boat brought back a big catch of fish.3. but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak:a good catch did not look promising / hopeful.This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.bow[audio-1] : the front part of a shipant. sterncompare: bow[audio-2]: v. & n. to bend the upper part of the body forward, as away of showing respect, admitting defeat, etc.bow [audio-3]: n. a weapon for shooting arrowa long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have stringsa knot formed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes, etcbleak: a) If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve.e.g. His future looked bleak.bleak prospect; the bleakness of the post war yearsb) If a place is bleak, it looks cold, bare, and unattractivee.g. the bleak coastlinec) When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasante.g. the bleak wintersd) If someone looks or sounds bleak, they seem depressed, hopeless, or unfriendlye.g. his bleak featuresbleakly adv.e.g. He stared bleakly ahead.“What,” he asked bleakly, “are these?”4. waves lapping against the side of the ship: waves touching the side of the ship gently and makes a soft sound lap can also be used as a noun.e.g. Your lap is the flat area formed by your thighs when you are sitting down. Her youngest child was asleep in her lap.He placed the baby on the woman’s lap.In a race, when you say that a competitor has completed a lap when he or she has gone round the course race.5. as far as I could see in all direction: that extended as far as the eye could see;6. that stretched all the way to the horizon: that extended to the far off place where the sky meet the earth7. comparable: something that is comparable to something else is a) as good as/ as big as/ as important as the other thing; b) similar to the other thinge.g. This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.Our house is not comparable with yours. Ours is just a small hut while yours is a palace.8. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton in the dessert: Now it is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The。
高级英语(第三版)第一册第三课 Blackmail
• The story of Hotel:
• The setting: the St. Gregory Hotel, the largest in New Orleans, Louisiana. From Monday to Friday. The Hotel is experiencing a crisis of being forced to be sold to a chain hotel owner.
• The events: in the crisis, there are four knotty problems that face the Hotel managers: dealing with an attempted rape in a room; catching a thief operating in the hotel; several hundreds of dentists threatening to leave the hotel in protest against the hotel’ objection to serving a black dentist, and finally the case of the Duke of Croydon.
The symbolic sign of Ogilvie’s cigar
• Para 41: ---he paused to puff again at the cigar as his listeners waited silently. When the cigar tip was glowing he inspected it.
The development of the story Section One (1-21): The Duchess’ denying the crime SectionTwo(22-55): Ogilvie’s presenting evidences Section Three(56-101): Negotiating Section Four(102-109): Making a deal Climax: But we will pay you twenty-five thousand dollars.
高级英语第一册1-3课文翻译
Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫.布兰克小约翰。
柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。
就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。
柯夏克一家居住的地方一-密西西比州的高尔夫港--肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。
路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。
但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。
为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。
两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。
他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。
约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。
公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。
37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。
四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。
不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。
"我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，'他对父亲说，"而且距离海边足有250码远。
这幢房子是1915年建造的。
至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。
我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。
"老柯夏克67岁.是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。
他对儿子的意见表示赞同。
"我们是可以严加防卫。
度过难关的，"他说?"一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。
" 为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。
lesson 3高级英语第1册
resourceful: clever at finding ways of doing things resilient: quickly recovering from shock, injury, depression, etc.
Q: What are the three examples of Los Angeles, Shanghai and India for?
Q: Why does the author give such a statement here?
Did you know…? (Paras. 9-19 )
The critical mass of teenagers…is one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures. (Para.9) …and Amanda Freeman took me in hand one morning to explain how it works. (Para. 9) …she say. “You just have to have the eye.” (Para. 10)
choice
How people feel about this depends a great deal on where they live and how much money they have. (Para. 2)
Q: What do you think of the statement?
A place with the innovative tradition America A big market for innovation A mosaic