2013年四川外语学院翻译硕士考研百科知识题库

合集下载

翻译硕士考研百科知识考点101-200题

翻译硕士考研百科知识考点1300题（101-200题）101.下列岛屿属于火山岛的是：大堡礁102.董小宛是哪里人？南京103.内蒙古草原上的芨芨草最高可达：2米104.国鸟是公鸡的国家是：法国105.拿破仑死于哪一年？1821106.生活在里海和黑海里的欧鳇，寿命：高于100年107.仰光是哪国首都？缅甸108.美国发表《独立宣言》是在：1776年109.唐卡是什么文化中一种著名的表现形式？藏族110.抗金名将岳飞被害于：风波亭111.俄国十月革命发生在几月几号？11月7日112.以下哪个国家建有消防博物馆？罗马尼亚113.楚庄王请谁当令尹，从而使国力大增？孙叔敖114.在唐代长安城经常可以见到的“新罗人”是现今我们所说的：朝鲜人115.最古老的石桥在：土耳其116.大陆漂移假说的提出的时间？1912117.卡通人物米老鼠诞生是在哪年？1928118.印度教中的除十节是：公历9月到10月的10天119.人口最多的城市：东京120.铁芒萁的生长反映了环境为：酸性土壤环境121.海洋虽是连在一起的水体，但海同洋间还是有区别的，世界上最大的洋是太平洋，那么最大的海是：珊瑚海122.白求恩生于加拿大哪个州？安大略123.第一人征服北极点的人是那个国家的？美国124.我国大陆基本轮廓形成时期，陆地上出现了大量的：裸子植物125.义和团最基本的组织形势是：坛126.地上、地下文物在我国居于首位的省分别是：山西、陕西127.举世闻名的泰姬陵在：印度128.“枪杆子里出政权”是谁提出的？毛泽东129.卧龙自然保护区位于：湖北130.清朝皇帝退位是在：1912年131.第一人征服北极点的人是那个国家的？美国132.系列矿产地中，矿种伴生现象比较明显的是：金昌133.我国东汉张衡制成地动仪，早于欧洲：1700多年134.不属于唐代三省六部中的“三省”是：直隶省135.世界上最早发行金属邮票的是哪一国家？匈牙利136.古玛雅人流传于世的水晶头骨共有？13137.大月氏王国在5世纪后半叶亡于？厳哒138.我国的邻国共有几个？12139.4世纪后期，统一黄河流域的少数民族政权是前秦140.第二次工业技术革命的标志是微电子技术141.太平天国由盛转衰的事件是领导集团的内部斗争142.人们什么时候发现原子核反应. 1938年143.既是常规能源，又是二次能源的是：焦炭144.火星有几颗卫星：2145.枪杆子里出政权”是谁提出的？毛泽东146.解放后，我能能源增长倍数最多的是：天然气147.国际红十字会首次大会召开于：巴黎148.抗金名将岳飞被害于：风波亭149.俄国十月革命发生在几月几号？11月7日150.以下哪个国家建有消防博物馆？罗马尼亚151.下列洋流的叙述中，正确的是：秘鲁寒流是补偿流152.以下哪一种不是发现在中国境内？巴比伦人153.我国的长绒棉主要产在：新疆154.以下哪一种不是发现在中国境内？巴比伦人155.梁启超和梁思成是什么关系？父子156.美国国务卿相当于我国的外长157.大气层厚度约为？3000公里158.谁是“中山装”的创始人？孙中山159.卧龙先生”是谁? 诸葛亮160.崆峒山在植被尤其珍贵的西部，堪称天然植物园，这里森林覆盖率几乎达到：100%161.五岳中的中岳是嵩山162.我国最大的内陆咸水湖是青海湖163.发动第二次鸦片战争的国家是：美、俄164.小宝的七个老婆之中，年纪最小的是：沐剑屏165.哪一民族把奶制品称为“白食”？蒙古族166.《史记》中的“世家”是给什么人作的传？诸侯王167.中山陵在哪座山上？南京钟山168.我国海洋气温最高值出现在：八月169.太平天国由盛转衰的事件是：领导集团的内部斗争170.内蒙古人所说的“风季”是哪个季节？春季171.西印度群岛位于：大西洋西部172.归辛树属于何门派？华山派173.中国在南极设立的第一个考察站叫什么？长城站174.美国领土居世界第几位？第四位175.北京东岳庙主祀：东岳大帝176.下列国家中，农业现代化侧重生物技术和水利发展，且平均单产量高的是：日本竹筒茶产于我国云南省什么地区？腾冲177.中国名山崆峒山在哪里？甘肃平凉178.一日之中，海潮有两个涨落周期，落差一般在多少米之间：3—5米179.在国际上享有“恐龙墓地”的大型恐龙化石群出土于：内蒙二连180.鸿鹄之志最早出现在哪里? 史记181.“息壤”是谁用来治水的法宝？鲧182.长江流经几个省自治区直辖市：9183.第一个研究色盲，发现色盲遗传规律的是：道尔顿有机宝石184.琥珀属于：有机宝石185.“息壤”是谁用来治水的法宝？鲧186.最深的湖泊是：贝加尔湖187.最长的运河是：中国大运河188.下列关于潜水的说法中，正确的是：有一个自由水面，与大气相接触189.在俄罗斯一共有多少种语言呢？122190.马可•波罗以各种身份服务忽必烈多长时间？17年191.在自流盆地及其边缘地区，可打孔开控形成自流井的区域是：承压区192.不足2千米，世界上面积第二小国家的是：摩纳哥193.有关南亚河流的叙述，正确的是：印度河是巴基斯坦的重要灌溉水源194.原始生物的时代叫作：元古代195.中国最热的地方在哪里？吐鲁番盆地196.中国古代第一个监狱的凌里城位于现在的：安阳197.从攻占巴士底狱到处死路易十六相差几年？4年198.“回眸一笑百媚生”是指哪个美女？杨贵妃199.美国微软公司的总部设在：美国西部200.下列起义取得胜利的是：武昌起义。

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(文学艺术)历年真题试卷汇编

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（文学艺术）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题单项选择题1．下列句子中，没有语病的一句是( )。

A．“严打”取得了显著成果，路霸匪患已经肃清或被大部分剿灭B．他体型虽然细长，但体重却只有不足一百斤C．不难看出，他学习成绩不断下降，其根本原因是学习不够刻苦在作怪D．意思的表达要防止对方产生误解和歧义，这是语言的清晰性在消极方面的要求正确答案：D解析：A项语序不当，“已经肃清”与“被大部分剿灭”应该对调；B项句义重复，应将“只有”去掉；C项语义重复，“在作怪”应去掉。

知识模块：文学艺术2．我国第一部文学理论评论专著是( )。

A．《文心雕龙》B．《汉书》C．《诗品》D．《史记》正确答案：A解析：《文心雕龙》是中国南朝文学理论家刘勰创作的一部理论系统、结构严密、论述细致的汉族文学理论专著。

是中国文学理论批评史上第一部有严密体系，“体大而虑周”的文学理论专著。

知识模块：文学艺术3．儒家思想在后世不断发展，下列主张哪个具有民主启蒙色彩?( )A．民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻B．制天命而用之C．天人感应，君权神授D．为天下之大害者，君而已矣正确答案：D解析：A项“民贵君轻”思想是战国时期孟子的思想；B项“制天命而用之”是战国时期荀子的唯物主义思想；C项“天人感应，君权神授”是西汉董仲舒为神化君权提出的主张；D项“为天下之大害者，君而已矣”是明末清初黄宗羲的反对君主专制的民主启蒙思想。

知识模块：文学艺术4．“孟母三迁”的故事说明了( )因素对人发展的影响。

A．遗传B．环境C．教育D．社会活动正确答案：B解析：孟母三迁，即孟轲的母亲为选择良好的环境教育孩子，多次迁居。

出自《三字经》里说：“昔孟母，择邻处。

”孟子的母亲为了使孩子拥有一个真正好的教育环境，煞费苦心，曾两迁三地。

说明了环境因素对人发展的影响。

知识模块：文学艺术5．《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家( )的杰作。

(NEW)四川大学外国语学院《448汉语写作与百科知识》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解

2013年四川大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解
百科
一、名词解释
1．文艺复兴
答：文艺复兴是指13世纪末在意大利各城市兴起，以后扩展到西欧各国，于16世纪在欧洲盛行的一场思想文化运动，揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕，被认为是中古时代和近代的分界。马克思主义史学家认为是封建主义时代和资本主义时代的分界。其本质是正在形成中的资产阶级在复兴希腊罗马古典文化的名义下发起的弘扬资产阶级思想和文化的运动，核心是人文主义精神。文艺复兴强调人的价值，使人的思想从封建神学的束缚中慢慢解放，在传播过程中为早期的资本主义萌芽发展奠定了深厚基础，同时也为早期的资产阶级积累了原始财富。但也因为过分强调人的价值，在传播后期造成个人私欲膨胀和物质享受，有一系列的负面影响。
6.CPI 答：CPI是消费物价指数的英文缩写为CPI，又叫居民消费价格指数。是根据与居民生活有关的产品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，反应一定时期内居民所消费商品及服务项目的价格水平变动趋势和变动程度，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。通俗的讲，CPI就是市场上的货物价格增长百分比。其计算公式为CPI=（一组固定商品按当期价格计算的价值/一组固定商品按基期价格计算的价值）×100。一般市场经济国家认为CPI增长率在2%~3%属于可接受范围内，当然还要看其他数据。CPI过高始终不是好事，高速经济增长率会拉高CPI，但物价指数增长速度快过人民平均收入的增长速度就一定不是好事，而一般平均工资的增长速度很难超越3-4%。
苏格拉底答：苏格拉底是古希腊著名的思想家、哲学家、教育家，是西方哲学的奠基者，他和柏拉图，以及亚里士多德被并称为“古希腊三贤”。他主张宇宙理性，认为神是世界的主宰，反对研究自然界，提倡人们过有

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(科技生活)历年真题试卷汇编

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（科技生活）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题单项选择题1．现代乒乓球运动以( )为一局。

A．21分B．25分C．11分D．20分正确答案：C解析：在一局乒乓球比赛中，先得11分的一方为胜方；10平后，先多得2分的一方为胜方。

知识模块：科技生活2．我国医疗卫生机构分为三级(一、二、三级)二等(甲、乙等)，其中( )最高。

A．一级甲等B．一级乙等C．三级甲等D．三级乙等正确答案：C解析：我国医疗卫生机构分为三级二等，三级甲等为最高等级，属省级以上医院，是承担高等医学院校和科研任务的医疗机构。

知识模块：科技生活3．下列( )不属于西方世界四大通讯社之一。

A．法新社B．美联社C．塔斯社D．路透社正确答案：C解析：当前的世界四大通讯社分别是：美国的美联社、英国的路透社、法国的法新社、美国的合众国际社。

以上的世界四大通讯社的排名依据是：通讯社的规模、发展历史及影响力、订户数量、日发稿量和年发稿量等。

知识模块：科技生活4．索尼公司创始人之一是( )。

A．松下幸之助B．稻盛和夫C．盛田昭夫D．本田宗一郎正确答案：C解析：松下幸之助是“松下电器”的创始人，稻盛和夫创立了盛和塾，本田宗一郎是本田汽车的创始人。

知识模块：科技生活5．英国的传播媒介比较丰富，其中每周评论是英国出版业的重要组成部分，( )是历史最悠久的周刊。

A．《观察家》B．《每周新闻》C．《旁观者》D．《读者文摘》正确答案：C解析：《旁观者》1828年由英国著名文学家、诗人约瑟夫.艾迪生和他的好朋友理查德.斯蒂尔创办，是英国人周刊中历史最悠久的杂志。

知识模块：科技生活6．英国首都伦敦的地铁是世界上最早的地铁，它建成于( )。

A．1863年B．1873年C．1864年D．1874年正确答案：A解析：伦敦地铁是世界上第一条地下铁道。

总长超过400千米。

1856年开始修建，1863年1月10日正式投入运营。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题.doc

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.Presumably , excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（分数：2.00）A.TheoreticallyB.PracticallyC.IncrediblyD.Probably2.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（分数：2.00）A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined3.It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（分数：2.00）A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily4.Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.capableC.cleverD.perfect5.What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（分数：2.00）A.sublimeB.erroneousC.plausibleD.impeccable6.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（分数：2.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender7.Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional .（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.temporaryC.corruptD.craven8.Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily .（分数：2.00）A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently9.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism .（分数：2.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor10.Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（分数：2.00）A.guidanceB.sovereigntyC.authorityD.suzerainty11.The general opinion is that he is ______ to complain.（分数：1.00）A.so much a milquetoastB.too a milquetoastC.too much of a milquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast12.The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as ______ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（分数：1.00）A.doB.doesC.playD.are13.Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______ last week.（分数：1.00）A.to be startedB.to have startedC.to have been startingD.start14.Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______ its grammatical structure.（分数：1.00）A.the same areB.and so areC.as didD.and so were15.Although money is always useful, it isn"t all ______.（分数：1.00）A.what there is to lifeB.to which there is in lifeC.there is to lifeD.that is in life16.______ ever so humble, there"s no place like home.（分数：1.00）A.It beB.Be itC.It wasD.Was it17.Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（分数：1.00）A.butB.theC.muchD.any18.Professor Jeffrey"s lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______ can still be improved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the municipal authorities have done19.Most insulation devices of this kind, ______ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are20.The detective watched and saw the suspect ______ a hotel at the corner of the street.（分数：1.00）A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section 1 Multiple c(总题数：2，分数：20.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some beating. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury", we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the factthat an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.（分数：10.00）(1).In the development of a government agency, ______.（分数：2.00）A.the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB.the function of law is importantC.the study of ordinance is the most importantD.practice is more important than criterion(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.the result on the individual"s behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB.the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD.Both A and B(3).What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in courtB.It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on othersC.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by lawD.Both B and C(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB.rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government controlC.a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD.any governmental reinforcement(5).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（分数：2.00）A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyernment agencies have to compromise with factual conditionsC.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout," "war cry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as "social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized thatthe influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise." Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group"s norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today"s society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an "overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Morn used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother"s baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga" (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.（分数：10.00）(1)."Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used ______.（分数：2.00）A.in the United StatesB.in the IrelandC.on the European continentD.frequently in revolutionary rhetoric(2).What is the writer"s main purpose?（分数：2.00）A.To explain the history of slogansB.To explain the persuasiveness of slogansC.To explain how slogans have changedD.To explain how slogans are used on television(3).Because slogans are "social symbols" they ______.（分数：2.00）A.can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settingsB.are widely used as status symbolsC.can be used to demonstrate high social standingD.are perceived as difficult to grasp(4).Lasswell"s and Edelman"s studies are important in that they ______.（分数：2.00）A.believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reactionB.demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbolsanize collective attitudes around a symbolD.demonstrate a culture"s principles are indicated by the slogans which arc used(5).Television ______.（分数：2.00）A.has distorted the purpose of slogansB.has kept consistent the nature of human interactionC.has made political images personal and shorterD.utilizes slogans well四、Section 2 Answering (总题数：2，分数：20.00)THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tell you the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slander me. (Interruptions.) Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am. going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, "You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am." So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician —but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappiness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God"s command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God"s bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it, while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof of the Oracle.After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had .over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters of the greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalf of the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a "wise man", thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that by this Oracle he meant that men"s wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, "He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all."（分数：12.00）(1).When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by "being wise" ? When he says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of "wisdom" has he in mind?When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of "wisdom" or second?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ "I"ve been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn"t seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!" "Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention.""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don"t know... I haven"t even given it a thought.I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn"t pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You"d be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There"s a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart"s invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically, for the complete utilization of atomic energy."Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?" Marek glanced at him with some surprise."Modem science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity.""That"s tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you"re not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth. , this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. I invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that"s nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I"ve been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?" "Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?""I"m a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. "No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It"s combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, "Look here, if you haven"t come here about my Karburator, Bondy, you can go. ""Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, "For twenty years I"ve been working on it, and now—now, I"ll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it"s something really amazing.""No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy."No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?""Aha," said Bondy. "So we"re going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You"ve got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it"s all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please.""I"m in favor of "combustion"!" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar.""But "disintegration" is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you were to cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..." "Run loose!""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don"t you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don"t lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won"t you have a cigar?""No, I won"t. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand.""It"s just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when there is perfect combustion, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It"s ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence, compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That"s how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That"s not bad.""Pflüger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pflüger exaggerates.""Decidedly.""l have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!""The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair."I can"t give you the exact number of hours. I"ve been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it"s still going on... and on... and on."Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. "Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You"re surely.., er... a bit.., er... overworked."Marek"s hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you"d only get up physics a bit,I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involvesa whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you"ll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself—go on—go now! You won"t understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won"t you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don"t stay down there long.""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it"s not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn"t come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I"ll wait here. Then you can tell me..."Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for a while (quite mad, no doubt whatever about it) and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armourplated safe in a bank. And now let"s have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.Perhaps it was the draught from the ventilator or something—but Mr. Bondy felt a peculiar breeze upon his brow, and an eerie sensation as though his hair were standing on end; and then it seemed。

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(文学艺术)历年真题试卷汇编3

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（文学艺术）历年真题试卷汇编3(总分：70.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：18，分数：36.00)1.“少妇今春意，良人昨夜情”属于汉语特殊表现手段的哪一种?( )（分数：2.00）A.对偶√B.叠景C.联边D.重言解析：解析：这是明显的对偶手法，“少妇”对“良人”，“今春意”对“昨夜情”，对仗工整。

2.在中国现代文坛上，以诗歌为主的作家是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.郭沫若B.艾青√C.郁达夫D.朱自清解析：解析：艾青，中国现代诗人，被认为是中国现代诗的代表诗人之一。

著有诗集《北方》《大堰河》《向太阳》《黎明的通知》《欢呼集》《春天》等，是以诗歌为主的作家。

A项，郭沫若，著名文学家、剧作家、诗人、历史学家、学者，中国新诗奠基人。

其著作不仅有诗集，还有大量历史剧本和文化专著，另外还著有回忆录和评论集；C项，郁达夫，中国现代著名小说家、散文家、诗人，代表作《沉沦》《故都的秋》《春风沉醉的晚上》《过去》《迟桂花》等，是以小说为主的作家；D项，朱自清，现代著名散文家、诗人、学者、民主战士，主要作品有《踪迹》《背影》《春》《欧游杂记》《你我》《匆匆》《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》等，是以散文为主的作家。

3.“中国旧式士子出而问世必须具备的四个条件：一团和气，两句歪诗，三斤黄酒，四季衣裳。

”出自哪一位现代作家的作品?( )（分数：2.00）A.周作人B.老舍C.钱钟书D.梁实秋√解析：解析：题中句子出自梁实秋的散文《衣裳》。

梁实秋是中国著名的散文家、学者、文学批评家、翻译家。

代表作品有《雅舍小品》《英国文学史》《莎士比亚全集》等。

《衣裳》是梁实秋的著名散文之一，文章主要写了衣裳的重要性和西装、中装的各自的特点，作者从小处着眼，纵横生发，描写生动、情韵悠长。

4.《史记》是中国第一部纪传体的通史，共130卷。

全书包括( )五大部分。

（分数：2.00）A.西周、表、书、世家和列传B.本纪、表、书、世家和列传√C.本纪、表、春秋、世家和列传D.西周、表、书、春秋和列传解析：解析：《史记》是由司马迁撰写的中国第一部纪传体通史。

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(历史)历年真题试卷汇编1(题

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（历史）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题单项选择题1．洋务运动时期最早创办的翻译学堂是( )。

A．同文馆B．广方言馆C．译书局D．译书馆正确答案：A解析：同文馆是清代最早培养译员的洋务学堂和从事翻译出版的机构。

咸丰十年清政府成立总理各国事务衙门，作为综理洋务的中央机关。

同时恭亲王奕诉等人建议在总理各国事务衙门下设立同文馆。

知识模块：历史2．1930年1月，毛泽东进一步从理论上阐述农村包围城市、武装夺取政权理论的文章是( )。

A．《中国的红色政权为什么能够存在?》B．《星星之火，可以燎原》C．《井冈山的斗争》D．《中国革命战争的战略问题》正确答案：B解析：毛泽东在《星星之火，可以燎原》一文中进一步指出：红军、游击队和红色区域的建立和发展，是殖民地和半封建殖民地农民斗争的必然结果，并且无疑义地是促进全国革命高潮的最重要因素。

知识模块：历史3．著名的“三权分立”理论是法国资产阶级启蒙思想家( )在其著作《论法的精神》中提出的。

A．狄德罗B．伏尔泰C．孟德斯鸠D．卢梭正确答案：C解析：《论法的精神》是孟德斯鸠最重要的、影响最大的著作。

该书中提出的追求自由、主张法治、实行分权的理论，对世界范围的资产阶级革命产生了很大影响。

知识模块：历史4．“完璧归赵”“怒发冲冠”等成语出于蔺相如的故事，这个故事来自历史书( )。

A．《左传》B．《战国策》C．《史记》D．《汉书》正确答案：C解析：“完璧归赵”“怒发冲冠”出自西汉司马迁《史记.廉颇蔺相如列传》。

知识模块：历史5．古代中国，在不同的历史时期，曾多次和其他国家有过对外交流。

汉武帝派( )出使西域，是中国有史以来的第一次中外交流。

A．徐光启B．郑和C．张骞D．玄奘正确答案：C解析：徐光启和郑和是明朝人，玄奘是唐朝人，张骞出使西域开辟了著名的“丝绸之路”。

知识模块：历史6．中国古代医药学著作现存约8000多种，形成了完整的理论体系。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

育明教育
【温馨提示】
现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！
古印度文学
1、“吠陀”诗集：好几千首诗，既有神话传说，又有描写现实生活的作品。

2、史诗：《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》
更多考研问题咨询育明教育！全程保过视频课程同步发售，最低640元起!。