1987考研英语一真题(含答案解析)
1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)①Cheques have 1 replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere. ②Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. ③A shop-keeper always runs a certain 2 when he accepts a cheque and he is quite 3 his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so.④People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called 4 . ⑤An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. ⑥He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large 5 of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. ⑦After examining several trays, he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques. ⑧The assistant said that this was quite 6 but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.⑨The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago. ⑩My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. ○11When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay 7 he wanted to get into serious trouble. ○128 , the police arrived soon afterwards. ○13They apologized to my friend for the 9 , but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. ○14Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. ○15The note10 : “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”○16Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s. ○17He was not only allowed to go without further delay, but to take the string of pearls with him. [356 words]1. ［A］exactly ［B］really ［C］largely ［D］thoroughly2. ［A］danger ［B］chance ［C］risk ［D］opportunity3. ［A］within ［B］beyond ［C］without ［D］out of4. ［A］in difficulty ［B］in doubt ［C］in earnest ［D］in question5. ［A］amount ［B］stock ［C］number ［D］store6. ［A］in order ［B］in need ［C］in use ［D］in common7. ［A］whether ［B］if ［C］otherwise ［D］unless8. ［A］Really ［B］Sure enough ［C］Certainly ［D］However9. ［A］treatment ［B］manner ［C］inconvenience ［D］behaviour10.［A］read ［B］told ［C］wrote ［D］informedSection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1①For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. ②In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. ③Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.①The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. ②It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. ③The vehicle was called a helicopter.①Imaginations were fired. ②Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. ③People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. ④Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.①The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. ②It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. ③Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. ④Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. ⑤Among their other multitude of uses: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.11. People expect that ________.[A] the airliners of today would eventually bereplaced by helicopters[B] helicopters would someday be able to transportlarge number of people from place to place asairliners are now doing[C] the imaginations fired by t he Russian engineer’sinvention would become a reality in the future[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopterscould be fulfilled by airliners of today12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.[A] a combination of rotating devices in front andon top[B] a rotating device topside[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft andothers at each end[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting13. What is said about the development of thehelicopter?[A] Helicopters have only been worked on byman since 1940.[B] Chinese children were the first to achieveflight in helicopters.[C] Helicopters were considered moredangerous than the early airplanes.[D] Some people thought they would becomewidely used by average individuals.14. How has the use of helicopters developed?[A] They have been widely used for variouspurposes.[B] They are taking the place of high-flyingjets.[C] They are used for rescue work.[D] They are now used exclusively forcommercial projects.15. Under what conditions are helicoptersfound to be absolutely essential?[A] For overseas passenger transportation.[B] For extremely high altitude flights.[C] For high-speed transportation.[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible toother kinds of craft.Text 2①In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. ②The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. ③No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.①The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. ②Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. ③Slaves, women and dishonoredpersons were not allowed to compete. ④The exact sequence of ev ents uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.①On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. ②So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. ③Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities.④How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.①After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D.②They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. ③It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.①Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. ②The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtries pay th eir own athletes’ expenses.①The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays.②It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. ③The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. ④The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.16. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games________.[A] were merely national athletic festivals[B] were in the nature of a national event with astrong religious colour[C] had rules which put foreign participants in adisadvantageous position[D] were primarily national events with fewforeign participants17. In the early days of ancient OlympicGames ________.[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed toparticipate in the games[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion orsocial status, were allowed to take part[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women,were allowed to compete in Games[D] all male Greeks were qualified to competein the Games18. The order of athletic events at the ancientOlympics ________.[A] has not definitely been established[B] varied according to the number of foreigncompetitors[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor theGames were held[D] was considered unimportant19. Modern athletes’results cannot becompared with those of ancient runners because_____.[A] the Greeks had no means of recording theresults[B] they are much better[C] details such as the time were not recordedin the past[D] they are much worse20. Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paidfor ________.[A] out of the prize money of the winners[B] out of the funds raised by the competingnations[C] by the athletes themselves[D] by contributionsText 3①In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in s earch of reality. ②Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum. ③Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. ④“Ele ctricity,” Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. ⑤When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.”⑥Until recentlyscientists would have disapproved of such an idea. ⑦Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. ⑧He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. ⑨The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. ⑩Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.21. The aim of controlled scientificexperiments is ________.[A] to explain why things happen[B] to explain how things happen[C] to describe self-evident principles[D] to support Aristotelian science22. What principles most influenced scientificthought for two thousand years?[A] the speculations of Thales[B] the forces of electricity, magnetism, andgravity[C] Aristotle’s natural science[D] Galileo’s discoveries23. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricityis ________.[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory ofself-evident principles[C] in agreement with scientific investigationdirected toward “how” things happen[D] in agreement with scientific investigationdirected toward “why” things happen24. The passage says that until recentlyscientists disagreed with the idea ________.[A] that there are mysterious forces in theuniverse[B] that man cannot discover what forces“really” are[C] that there are self-evident principles[D] that we can discover why things behave asthey do25. Modern science came into being________.[A] when the method of controlled experimentwas first introduced[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining howthings happen[C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explainwhy things happen[D] when scientists were able to acquire anunderstanding of reality of reasoningSection III English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)Have there always been cities? (26) Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primitive economics still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man’s social existence. (27) Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment. (28) It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity. (29) In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new one. Long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the “right side of town” and the slums.Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them. (30) But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will. (31) And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this, however, still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level ofgovernment and the communications industry?It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do. (32) To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at least for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed?Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved.(33) From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned concept -- the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.考研英语真题。
考研英语-试卷87
考研英语-试卷87(总分：142.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Starting with his review of Skinner"s Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate(天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1)_____ instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2)_____. This linguistic approach (3)_____ the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se(本身), but (4)_____ rules that enable a speaker to (5)_____ an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6)_____ single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7)_____ with the particular thing signified, but (8)_____ all members of a general class. This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9)_____ into existing psychological frameworks and (10)_____ a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic(原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11)_____ perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12)_____ all of these processes; thus its study (13)_____ our theories of knowledge in general. Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child"s learning of language is a kind of theory (14)_____. It"s thought to be accomplished (15)_____ explicit instruction, (16)_____ of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17)_____ or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18)_____, the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19)_____ power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20)_____ it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.（分数：40.00）A.specialB.specific √C.definiteD.explicit解析：解析：形容词辨析题。
1987年考研英语真题及解析
考研英语真题1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)①Cheques have 1 replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere. ②Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. ③A shop-keeper always runs a certain 2 when he accepts a cheque and he is quite 3 his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so.④People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called 4 . ⑤An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. ⑥He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large 5 of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. ⑦After examining several trays, he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques. ⑧The assistant said that this was quite 6 but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.⑨The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago. ⑩My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. ○11When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay 7 he wanted to get into serious trouble. ○128 , the police arrived soon afterwards. ○13They apologized to my friend for the 9 , but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. ○14Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. ○15The note10 : “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”○16Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s. ○17He was not only allowed to go without further delay, but to take the string of pearls with him. [356 words]1. ［A］exactly ［B］really ［C］largely ［D］thoroughly2. ［A］danger ［B］chance ［C］risk ［D］opportunity3. ［A］within ［B］beyond ［C］without ［D］out of4. ［A］in difficulty ［B］in doubt ［C］in earnest ［D］in question5. ［A］amount ［B］stock ［C］number ［D］store6. ［A］in order ［B］in need ［C］in use ［D］in common7. ［A］whether ［B］if ［C］otherwise ［D］unless8. ［A］Really ［B］Sure enough ［C］Certainly ［D］However9. ［A］treatment ［B］manner ［C］inconvenience ［D］behaviour10.［A］read ［B］told ［C］wrote ［D］informedSection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1①For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. ②In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. ③Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.①The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. ②It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. ③The vehicle was called a helicopter.①Imaginations were fired. ②Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. ③People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. ④Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.①The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. ②It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. ③Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. ④Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. ⑤Among their other multitude of uses: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.11. People expect that ________.[A] the airliners of today would eventually bereplaced by helicopters[B] helicopters would someday be able to transportlarge number of people from place to place asairliners are now doing[C] the imaginations fired by t he Russian engineer’sinvention would become a reality in the future[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopterscould be fulfilled by airliners of today12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.[A] a combination of rotating devices in front andon top[B] a rotating device topside[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft andothers at each end[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting13. What is said about the development of thehelicopter?[A] Helicopters have only been worked on byman since 1940.[B] Chinese children were the first to achieveflight in helicopters.[C] Helicopters were considered moredangerous than the early airplanes.[D] Some people thought they would becomewidely used by average individuals.14. How has the use of helicopters developed?[A] They have been widely used for variouspurposes.[B] They are taking the place of high-flyingjets.[C] They are used for rescue work.[D] They are now used exclusively forcommercial projects.15. Under what conditions are helicoptersfound to be absolutely essential?[A] For overseas passenger transportation.[B] For extremely high altitude flights.[C] For high-speed transportation.[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible toother kinds of craft.Text 2①In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. ②The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. ③No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.①The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. ②Many thousands of spectators gatheredfrom all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. ③Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. ④The exact sequence of ev ents uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.①On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. ②So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. ③Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities.④How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.①After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D.②They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. ③It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.①Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. ②The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtries pay th eir own athletes’ expenses.①The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays.②It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. ③The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. ④The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.16. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games________.[A] were merely national athletic festivals[B] were in the nature of a national event with astrong religious colour[C] had rules which put foreign participants in adisadvantageous position[D] were primarily national events with fewforeign participants17. In the early days of ancient OlympicGames ________.[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed toparticipate in the games[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion orsocial status, were allowed to take part[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women,were allowed to compete in Games[D] all male Greeks were qualified to competein the Games18. The order of athletic events at the ancientOlympics ________.[A] has not definitely been established[B] varied according to the number of foreigncompetitors[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor theGames were held[D] was considered unimportant19. Modern athletes’results cannot becompared with those of ancient runners because_____.[A] the Greeks had no means of recording theresults[B] they are much better[C] details such as the time were not recordedin the past[D] they are much worse20. Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paidfor ________.[A] out of the prize money of the winners[B] out of the funds raised by the competingnations[C] by the athletes themselves[D] by contributionsText 3①In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in s earch of reality. ②Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum. ③Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. ④“Ele ctricity,” Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. ⑤When we have told how things behave when theyare electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.”⑥Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. ⑦Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. ⑧He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. ⑨The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. ⑩Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.21. The aim of controlled scientificexperiments is ________.[A] to explain why things happen[B] to explain how things happen[C] to describe self-evident principles[D] to support Aristotelian science22. What principles most influenced scientificthought for two thousand years?[A] the speculations of Thales[B] the forces of electricity, magnetism, andgravity[C] Aristotle’s natural science[D] Galileo’s discoveries23. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricityis ________.[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory ofself-evident principles[C] in agreement with scientific investigationdirected toward “how” things happen[D] in agreement with scientific investigationdirected toward “why” things happen24. The passage says that until recentlyscientists disagreed with the idea ________.[A] that there are mysterious forces in theuniverse[B] that man cannot discover what forces“really” are[C] that there are self-evident principles[D] that we can discover why things behave asthey do25. Modern science came into being________.[A] when the method of controlled experimentwas first introduced[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining howthings happen[C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explainwhy things happen[D] when scientists were able to acquire anunderstanding of reality of reasoningSection III English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)Have there always been cities? (26) Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primitive economics still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man’s social existence. (27) Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment. (28) It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity. (29) In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new one. Long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the “right side of town” and the slums.Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them. (30) But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will. (31) And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this, however, still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Doesculture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry?It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do. (32) To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at least for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed?Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved.(33) From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned concept -- the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.。
1987考研英语(一)答案及解析
1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)EXAMPLE:I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.[A] in[B] by[C] with[D] atANSWER: [A]1. The skyscraper stands out ________ the blue sky.[A] in[B] against[C] under[D] beneath2. They have always been on good ________ with their next-door neighbors.[A] friendship[B] relations[C] connection[D] terms3. Hello! Is that 21035? Please put me ________ to the manager.[A] across[B] up[C] through[D] over4. Why do you look so ________? You never smile or look cheerful.[A] miserable[B] unfortunate[C] sorry[D] rude5. Eggs, though nourishing, have ________ of fat content.[A] large number[B] a large number[C] the high amount[D] a high amount6. Jim always ________ his classmates in a debate.[A] backs out[B] backs away[C] backs up[D] backs down7. Most of the people who ________ two world wars are strongly against arms race.[A] have lived out[B] have lived through[C] have lived on[D] have lived off8. There are many inconveniences that have to be ________ when you are camping.[A] put up[B] put up with[C] put off[D] put away9. Is it true that those old houses are being pulled down ________ new office blocks?[A] to accommodate[B] to provide for[C] to increase[D] to make room for10. Being in no great hurry, ________.[A] we went the long route with scenery[B] the long, scenic route was our preference[C] we took the long scenic route[D] our preference was taking the long, scenic routeSection II: Reading ComprehensionEach of three passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers, read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Text 1For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.11. People expect that ________.[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality in the future[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top[B] a rotating device topside[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting13. What is said about the development of the helicopter?[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940.[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.14. How has the use of helicopters developed?[A] They have been widely used for various purposes.[B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets.[C] They are used for rescue work.[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?[A] For overseas passenger transportation.[B] For extremely high altitude flights.[C] For high-speed transportation.[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.Text 2In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonoredpersons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’ expenses. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.16. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games ________.[A] were merely national athletic festivals[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position[D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants17. In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________.[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in Games[D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games18. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________.[A] has not definitely been established[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held[D] was considered unimportant19. Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ________.[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results[B] they are much better[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past[D] they are much worse20. Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paid for ________.[A] out of the prize money of the winners[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations[C] by the athletes themselves[D] by contributionsText 3In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. “Electricity,” Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are elec trified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fal l to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the methodof controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.21. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ________.[A] to explain why things happen[B] to explain how things happen[C] to describe self-evident principles[D] to support Aristotelian science22. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?[A] the speculations of Thales[B] the forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity[C] Aristotle’s natural science[D] Galile o’s discoveries23. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is ________.[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happen[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen24. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea ________.[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe[B] that man cann ot discover what forces “really” are[C] that there are self-evident principles[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do25. Modern science came into being ________.[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen[C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality of reasoningSection III: Structure and V ocabularyFill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentence. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was the largest experiment we have ever had, it ________ six hours.[A] ended[B] finished[C] was[D] lastedANSWER: [D]26. As scheduled, the communications satellite went into ________ round the earth.[A] circle[B] orbit[C] path[D] course27. When I saw Jane, I stopped and smiled, but she ________ me and walked on.[A] refused[B] ignored[C] denied[D] missed28. It was a good game, and at the end the ________ was Argentina 3, West Germany 2.[A] mark[B] account[C] record[D] score29. George took ________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden.[A] chance[B] interest[C] advantage[D] charge30. Is there anyone who ________ the plans put forward by the committee?[A] differs[C] disagrees[D] refuses31. All too ________ it was time to go back to school after the summer vacation.[A] often[B] quick[C] fast[D] soon32. In an accident when two cars run into each other, they ________.[A] hit[B] knock[C] strike[D] collide33. The noise was caused by a boy ________ a cat through the garden.[A] catching[B] fighting[C] following[D] chasing34. He drove fast and arrived an hour ________ of schedule.[A] in advance[B] ahead[C] abreast[D] in front35. This ticket ________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.[A] gives[B] entitles[C] grants[D] creditsSection IV: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)EXAMPLE:For instance, the automobile tunnel might ________ huge ventilation problems.[A] make[B] bring[C] raise[D] createANSWER: [D]Cheques have __36__ replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain __37__ when he accepts a cheques and he is quite __38__ his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called __39__. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large __40__ of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques. The assistant said that this was quite __41__ but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago. My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay __42__ the wanted to get into serious trouble. __43__, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the __44__, but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note __45__: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s. He was not only allowed to go without further delay, but to take the string of pearls with him.36. [A] exactly[B] really[C] largely[D] thoroughly37. [A] danger[B] chance[C] risk[D] opportunity38. [A] within[B] beyond[C] without[D] out of39. [A] in difficulty[B] in doubt[C] in earnest[D] in question40. [A] amount[B] stock[C] number[D] store41. [A] in order[B] in need[C] in use[D] in common42. [A] whether[B] if[C] otherwise[D] unless43. [A] Really[B] Sure enough[C] Certainly[D] However44. [A] treatment[B] manner[C] inconvenience[D] behaviour45. [A] read[B] told[C] wrote[D] informedSection V: Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed46. With all factors (consider) we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal.47. They had been working round the clock for a couple of days (hope) to get the design out before their competitors did.48. There’s a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention (g ive) to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit.49. If we don’t start out now, we must risk (miss) the train.50. This test (intend) to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.51. The members of the delegation were glad (stay) longer than originally planned.52. With full knowledge of his past experience, we knew all along that he (succeed).53. (Know not) what appropriate measures to be taken to cope with the situation, he wrote to his lawyer for advice.54. It’s no good (write) to him, he never answers letters. The only thing to do is to go and see him.55. (Come) what may, we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.Section VI: Error-detection and CorrectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there’s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D] ANSWER: [C] anything56. In [A] his response to [B] the advertisement, Ed. replied that he was looking for a full-time position [C] not a part-time [D] one.57. No one who has seen [A] him work [B] in the laboratory can deny [C] that William has great capabilities of [D] research.58. Neither of the alternatives that had been outlined [A] at the last meeting [B] were [C] acceptable to [D] the executive committee.59. Airline companies today require [A] that all luggage’s [B] be inspected [C] before passengers are admitted into [D] the waiting rooms.60. Although Alice has been [A] to the mountains many times [B] be fore, she still [C] loves visiting it. [D]61. An important function of the World Health Organization is to improve [A] the healthy [B] and living conditions for the sick and the poor of [C] world [D]62. The element carbon is widely [A] found [B] in nature [C] in many forms including both diamonds as well as[D] coal.63. While still a young boy [A] Bizet knew to play [B] the piano well and as [C] he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which [D] is Carmen.64. Despite the fact that [A] the South Pole is as snow-covered [B] and stormy-weathered [C] as the North Pole, it is colder [D] than the North Pole.65. Climate [A] conditions vary widely [B] from place to place and from season to season, but a certain order and pattern [C] can be identifiable. [D]Section VII: Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English (15 points)66. 所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。
1987考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析
1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10points)EXAMPLE:I was caught________the rain yesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1.The skyscraper stands out________the blue sky.[A]in[B]against[C]under[D]beneath2.They have always been on good________with their next-door neighbors.[A]friendship[B]relations[C]connection[D]terms3.Hello!Is that21035?Please put me________to the manager.[A]across[B]up[C]through[D]over4.Why do you look so________?You never smile or look cheerful.[A]miserable[B]unfortunate[C]sorry[D]rude5.Eggs,though nourishing,have________of fat content.[A]large number[B]a large number[C]the high amount[D]a high amount6.Jim always________his classmates in a debate.[A]backs out[B]backs away[C]backs up[D]backs down7.Most of the people who________two world wars are strongly against arms race.[A]have lived out[B]have lived through[C]have lived on[D]have lived off8.There are many inconveniences that have to be________when you are camping.[A]put up[B]put up with[C]put off[D]put away9.Is it true that those old houses are being pulled down________new office blocks?[A]to accommodate[B]to provide for[C]to increase[D]to make room for10.Being in no great hurry,________.[A]we went the long route with scenery[B]the long,scenic route was our preference[C]we took the long scenic route[D]our preference was taking the long,scenic routeSection II Reading ComprehensionEach of three passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers,read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)Text1For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight.In400A.D.Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased.Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus,called a“Helix,”which could carry man straight up,but was only a design and was never tested.The ancient-dream was finally realized in1940when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top.It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start,hovered a few feet above the ground,went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth.The vehicle was called a helicopter.Imaginations were fired.Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine.It excels in military missions, carrying troops,guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go.Corporations use them as airborne offices,many metropolitan areas use them in police work,construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways,engineers use them for site selection and surveying,and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies.Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter.Among their other multitude of used:deliver people across town,fly to and from airports,assist in rescue work,and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.11.People expect that________.[A]the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters[B]helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place toplace as airliners are now doing[C]the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality inthe future[D]their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today12.Helicopters work with the aid of________.[A]a combination of rotating devices in front and on top[B]a rotating device topside[C]one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end[D]a rotating fan underneath for lifting13.What is said about the development of the helicopter?[A]Helicopters have only been worked on by man since1940.[B]Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.[C]Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.[D]Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.14.How has the use of helicopters developed?[A]They have been widely used for various purposes.[B]They are taking the place of high-flying jets.[C]They are used for rescue work.[D]They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.15.Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?[A]For overseas passenger transportation.[B]For extremely high altitude flights.[C]For high-speed transportation.[D]For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.Text2In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations.The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus,king of the Olympian Gods,eventually lost its local character,became first a national event and then,after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished,international.No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go,but some official records date from776B.C.The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus.Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece,but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator.Slaves,women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete.The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horse racing and field events,though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.On the last day of the Games,all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads.So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory.Although Olympic winners received no prize money,they were, in fact,richly rewarded by their state authorities.How their results compared with modern standards,we unfortunately have no means of telling.After an uninterrupted history of almost1,200years,the Games were suspended by the Romans in394A.D.They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics:the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind,and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over1,500years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in1896.Nowadays,the Games are held in different countries in turn.The host country provides vast facilities,including a stadium,swimming pools and living accommodation,but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’expenses.The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch,lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays.It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium.The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals,and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony.The well-known Olympic flag,however,is a modern conception:the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.16.In ancient Greece,the Olympic Games________.[A]were merely national athletic festivals[B]were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour[C]had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position[D]were primarily national events with few foreign participants17.In the early days of ancient Olympic Games________.[A]only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games[B]all Greeks,irrespective of sex,religion or social status,were allowed to take part[C]all Greeks,with the exception of women,were allowed to compete in Games[D]all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games18.The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics________.[A]has not definitely been established[B]varied according to the number of foreign competitors[C]was decided by Zeus,in whose honor the Games were held[D]was considered unimportant19.Modern athletes’results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because________.[A]the Greeks had no means of recording the results[B]they are much better[C]details such as the time were not recorded in the past[D]they are much worse20.Nowadays,the athletes’expenses are paid for________.[A]out of the prize money of the winners[B]out of the funds raised by the competing nations[C]by the athletes themselves[D]by contributionsText3In science the meaning of the word“explain”suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality.Science cannot really explain electricity,magnetism,and gravitation;their effects can be measured and predicted,but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber,a hard yellowish-brown gum.Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces“really”are.“Electricity,”Bertrand Russell says,“is not a thing,like St.Paul’s Cathedral;it is a way in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when they are electrified,and under what circumstances they are electrified,we have told all there is to tell.”Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea.Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles.He felt,for example,that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong,and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs.The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen.Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.21.The aim of controlled scientific experiments is________.[A]to explain why things happen[B]to explain how things happen[C]to describe self-evident principles[D]to support Aristotelian science22.What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?[A]the speculations of Thales[B]the forces of electricity,magnetism,and gravity[C]Aristotle’s natural science[D]Galileo’s discoveries23.Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is________.[A]disapproved of by most modern scientists[B]in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles[C]in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“how”things happen[D]in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“why”things happen24.The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea________.[A]that there are mysterious forces in the universe[B]that man cannot discover what forces“really”are[C]that there are self-evident principles[D]that we can discover why things behave as they do25.Modern science came into being________.[A]when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced[B]when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen[C]when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen[D]when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality of reasoningSection III Structure and VocabularyFill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentence.Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:It was the largest experiment we have ever had,it________six hours.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]26.As scheduled,the communications satellite went into________round the earth.[A]circle[B]orbit[C]path[D]course27.When I saw Jane,I stopped and smiled,but she________me and walked on.[A]refused[B]ignored[C]denied[D]missed28.It was a good game,and at the end the________was Argentina3,West Germany2.[A]mark[C]record[D]score29.George took________of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden.[A]chance[B]interest[C]advantage[D]charge30.Is there anyone who________the plans put forward by the committee?[A]differs[B]opposes[C]disagrees[D]refuses31.All too________it was time to go back to school after the summer vacation.[A]often[B]quick[C]fast[D]soon32.In an accident when two cars run into each other,they________.[A]hit[B]knock[C]strike[D]collide33.The noise was caused by a boy________a cat through the garden.[A]catching[B]fighting[C]following[D]chasing34.He drove fast and arrived an hour________of schedule.[A]in advance[C]abreast[D]in front35.This ticket________you to a free meal in our new restaurant.[A]gives[B]entitles[C]grants[D]creditsSection IV Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled[A],[B],[C] and[D].Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10points)EXAMPLE:For instance,the automobile tunnel might________huge ventilation problems.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]createANSWER:[D]Cheques have大36家replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere.Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller,it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money:they are quite valueless in themselves.A shop-keeperalways runs a certain大37家when he accepts a cheques and he is quite大38家his rights if on occasion,he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called大39家.An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience.He wentto a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large大40家of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces.After examining several trays,he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques.The assistant said that this was quite大41家but the moment my friend signed his name,he was invited into the manager’s office.The manager was very polite,but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago.My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else.When he got up to go,the managertold him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay大42家thewanted to get into serious trouble.大43家,the police arrived soon afterwards.Theyapologized to my friend for the大44家,but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies.Then the police asked my friend tocopy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops.The note大45家:“I have a gun in my pocket.Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s.He was not only allowed to go without further delay,but to take the string of pearls with him.36.[A]exactly[B]really[C]largely[D]thoroughly37.[A]danger[B]chance[C]risk[D]opportunity38.[A]within[B]beyond[C]without[D]out of39.[A]in difficulty[B]in doubt[C]in earnest[D]in question40.[A]amount[B]stock[C]number[D]store41.[A]in order[B]in need[C]in use[D]in common42.[A]whether[B]if[C]otherwise[D]unless43.[A]Really[B]Sure enough[C]Certainly[D]However44.[A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconvenience[D]behaviour45.[A]read[B]told[C]wrote[D]informedSection V Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets.Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president________(appoint)for this college.ANSWER:(should)be appointed46.With all factors________(consider)we think this program may excel all the others inachieving the goal.47.They had been working round the clock for a couple of days________(hope)to get thedesign out before their competitors did.48.There’s a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chiefattention________(give)to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit. 49.If we don’t start out now,we must risk________(miss)the train.50.This test________(intend)to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.51.The members of the delegation were glad________(stay)longer than originally planned.52.With full knowledge of his past experience,we knew all along that he________(succeed).53.________(Know not)what appropriate measures to be taken to cope with the situation,hewrote to his lawyer for advice.54.It’s no good________(write)to him,he never answers letters.The only thing to do is to goand see him.55.________(Come)what may,we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonabledemands.Section VI Error-detection and CorrectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts(words or phrases).These parts are labeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Then,without altering the meaning of the sentence,write down the correct word or phrase on the line in the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something becauseA there’sBhardly somethingCleftD.ANSWER:[C]anything56.InA his response toBthe advertisement,Ed.replied that he was looking for a full-timepositionC not a part-timeDone.57.No one who has seenA him workBin the laboratory can denyCthat William has greatcapabilities ofDresearch.58.Neither of the alternatives that had been outlinedA at the last meetingBwereCacceptable toDthe executive committee.59.Airline companies today requireA that all luggage’sBbe inspectedCbefore passengers areadmitted intoDthe waiting rooms.60.Although Alice has beenA to the mountains many timesBbefore,she stillCloves visiting itD.61.An important function of the World Health Organization is to improveA the healthyBandliving conditions for the sick and the poor ofC world D.62.The element carbon is widelyA foundBin natureCin many forms including both diamondsas well asDcoal.63.While still a young boyA Bizet knew to playBthe piano well and asChe grew older,he wroteoperas,the most famous of whichDis Carmen.64.Despite the fact thatA the South Pole is as snow-coveredBand stormy-weatheredCas theNorth Pole,it is colderDthan the North Pole.65.ClimateA conditions vary widelyBfrom place to place and from season to season,but acertain order and patternC can be identifiableD.Section VII Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English(15points)66.所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。
【考研】1987年考研英语真题
【考研】1987年考研英语真题对于考研的学子来说，研究历年的真题是备考过程中至关重要的一环。
1987 年的考研英语真题，虽然距今已有相当长的时间，但它依然具有不可忽视的研究价值。
从题型分布来看，1987 年的考研英语真题涵盖了听力、阅读理解、翻译、写作等多个方面。
在当时的背景下，这些题型的设置旨在全面考察考生的英语综合能力。
听力部分，或许在如今的备考中已不再占据主导地位，但在当时，它对考生的英语语音感知和理解能力提出了一定的要求。
考生需要在有限的时间内准确捕捉听力材料中的关键信息，并作出正确的判断和回答。
阅读理解一直是考研英语的重点。
1987 年的阅读理解文章选材广泛，包括科技、文化、社会等多个领域。
这些文章不仅考查了考生的词汇量和语法知识，更重要的是对考生的阅读速度、理解能力以及逻辑推理能力进行了考验。
考生需要在阅读过程中快速理清文章的脉络，把握作者的观点和意图，同时能够准确回答相关的问题。
翻译部分则是对考生语言转换能力的直接检验。
考生不仅要理解原文的意思，还要用准确、流畅的中文进行表达。
这要求考生具备扎实的语法基础和丰富的词汇积累，同时要对中英两种语言的差异有清晰的认识。
写作部分在 1987 年的真题中也占据了一定的比重。
题目通常会要求考生就某个话题发表自己的观点或进行论述。
这需要考生有清晰的思路、合理的论证以及准确的语言表达。
在写作过程中，语法错误的避免、词汇的恰当运用以及篇章结构的合理安排都是得分的关键。
研究1987 年考研英语真题，我们还能发现当时的命题特点和趋势。
与现在的真题相比，虽然在难度和形式上可能有所不同，但一些核心的考查要点是始终不变的。
比如对词汇的深度理解、语法的熟练掌握以及对英语语言逻辑的准确把握。
对于备考的考生来说，通过分析 1987 年的真题，可以更好地了解考研英语的发展历程，从而更有针对性地制定备考策略。
从真题中总结出题规律，找出自己的薄弱环节，进行有针对性的强化训练。
八七年英语高考试卷真题
八七年英语高考试卷真题1987年英语高考试卷真题Section 1: Listening Comprehension (45 points)Part A: Short Conversations1. W: Can you lend me your notes on the history lecture?M: Sorry, but I've lent them to someone else already.2. W: How about going to the concert tonight?M: Sounds great, but I have a meeting at six. Maybe some other time.3. W: Do you want to come to my birthday party on Saturday?M: I'd love to, thanks for inviting me.4. W: I hear there's going to be a big sale at the clothing store this weekend.M: Yeah, I can't wait to check it out.5. W: Have you seen my umbrella? I left it here yesterday.M: I think I saw it in the hallway. Let me go find it for you.Part B: Passages6. W: Good afternoon, everyone. Today I'll be talking about the impact of technology on our lives. As we all know, technology has changed the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones to social media, we are more connected than ever before.7. M: Hello, this is a reminder for our upcoming team project meeting. Please make sure to review the agenda beforehand and come prepared to discuss your ideas and suggestions. Let's work together to make this project a success.8. W: Attention all passengers, this is your captain speaking. We have just reached our cruising altitude and the weather looks clear ahead. Sit back, relax, and enjoy your flight with us today. Thank you for choosing our airline.Questions 1-8 are based on the passages you have just heard.Part C: Long ConversationW: Good afternoon, sir. How may I help you today?M: I'm interested in purchasing a new smartphone. Can you show me some options?W: Of course, we have a wide range of smartphones available. What are you looking for in terms of features and specifications?M: I need a phone with a good camera and long battery life. I also prefer a larger screen size for watching videos and gaming.W: I would recommend this model here. It has a high-quality camera, excellent battery performance, and a large display. It's also within your budget.M: That sounds perfect. I'll go ahead and make the purchase. Thank you for your help.W: You're welcome. I hope you enjoy your new smartphone.Questions 9-10 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Section 2: Use of English (30 points)Part A: Vocabulary and Structure11. Although Tom failed the exam, he was ______ to try again next year.A. encouragedB. encouragedC. encouragingD. encouragement12. We ______ our lunch in the garden when it suddenly started raining.A. hadB. were havingC. have hadD. have been having13. It is ______ that we will finish the project on time if we all work together.A. possibleB. possiblyC. possibilityD. impossibility14. The new movie, directed by Steven Spielberg, received ______ reviews from critics.A. highlyB. highC. highestD. higherPart B: Cloze TestIn the summer of 1987, I had the opportunity to travel to Europe with my family. It was an unforgettable experience that I will always cherish. We visited several countries, each with its own unique culture and history.15______ the language barrier, we were able to communicate with the locals and learn about their way of life.One of the highlights of our trip was our visit to the Eiffel Tower in Paris. 16______ in the heart of the city, the iconic landmark towered over theskyline, offering breathtaking views of the city below. We also explored the Louvre Museum, home to famous works of art such as the Mona Lisa.After France, we traveled to Italy, where we indulged in delicious pasta and gelato. We strolled through the ancient ruins of Rome and marveled at the architecture of the Colosseum. Each day brought new adventures and discoveries, making our trip a truly memorable one.Questions 15-20 are based on the passage you have just read.Section 3: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Part A: Multiple ChoiceRead the following passage and answer the questions.21. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of exerciseB. The history of sportsC. The importance of a healthy lifestyleD. The impact of technology on fitness22. According to the passage, what are the recommended forms of exercise?A. Running and weightliftingB. Yoga and swimmingC. Cycling and dancingD. Basketball and soccer23. How does regular exercise benefit mental health?A. It reduces stress and anxietyB. It improves memory and concentrationC. It enhances creativity and problem-solving skillsD. It prevents depression and mood disordersPart B: True or FalseRead the following statements and decide whether they are true or false.24. Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.25. The passage suggests that technology has made fitness more accessible and convenient for people.Part C: Short Answer26. How can individuals incorporate more physical activity into their daily routines?27. What are the long-term effects of leading a sedentary lifestyle?Section 4: Writing (45 points)Part A: Guided WritingWrite a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:"Describe a memorable travel experience you have had. Where did you go? What did you see and do? How did it impact you?"Part B: Independent WritingWrite an essay of about 300 words on the following topic:"Discuss the importance of lifelong learning. How can continuous learning benefit individuals in their personal and professional lives?"End of Paper.参考译文：自然科学作为人类探索自然世界的一种手段，对人类社会的发展起着重要的作用。
1987考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1987 Text 1Paragraph 11、For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. 长久以来，垂直飞行一直是人们的梦想。
1.1 vertical英/'vɜːtɪk(ə)l/ 美/'vɝtɪkl/n. 垂直线，垂直面adj. 垂直的，直立的；头顶的，顶点的2、In 400 A.D.Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation cease d. 公元400年，中国儿童所玩的一种扇形玩具可以旋转上升，一旦旋转停止，它便落回地面。
2.1 fan英/fæn/ 美/fæn/n. 迷；风扇；爱好者vt. 煽动；刺激；吹拂vi. 成扇形散开；飘动2.2 spun英/spʌn/ 美/spʌn/adj. 纺成的v. 纺（spin的过去分词）；旋转2.3 rotation英/rə(ʊ)'teɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/ro'teʃən/n. 旋转；循环，轮流2.4 cease英/siːs/ 美/sis/n. 停止vi. 停止；终了vt. 停止；结束3、Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.李奥纳多•达芬奇构想出首个名为“螺旋”（Helix）的机械装臵，它可以带人垂直上升，但这只是一种设计而从未进行测试。
3.1 apparatus英/ˌæpəˈreɪtəs/ 美/ˌæpəˈrætəs/n. 装臵，设备；仪器；器官3.2 mechanical英/mɪ'kænɪk(ə)l/ 美/mɪ'kænɪkəl/adj. 机械的；力学的；无意识的；手工操作的3.3 helix英/'hiːlɪks/ 美/'hilɪks/ n. 螺旋，螺旋状物；[解剖] 耳轮Paragraph 21、The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer pilot ed a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. 这一由来已久的梦想终于在1940年得以实现。
考研英语（一）完整真题及答案解析
考研英语（一）完整真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility(敏感性) to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin(后叶催产素), oftencalled"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite介词辨析。
历年考研英语1 真题及答案解析
历年考研英语1 真题及答案解析自从考研英语成为考生的必修科目以来，历年来的真题一直是备考的重要参考资料。
通过对历年真题的分析和解析，可以更好地了解考试趋势和出题思路，提高应试能力和备考效果。
本文将针对历年考研英语1的真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地备考。
作为考研英语的第一大题，阅读理解在考试的比重和难度上都占有很大的权重。
历年来，考研英语1的阅读理解部分主要由长篇阅读理解和完型填空两个部分组成。
首先，我们来看一下关于长篇阅读理解的真题解析。
长篇阅读理解部分通常由三到四篇文章组成，每篇文章后跟有四到五道题目。
考生首先需要快速浏览文章，了解文章大意和结构，然后重点阅读有关题目的段落，挖掘答案所需要的信息。
在回答问题时，要根据题目要求仔细分析文章，找出答案所在的句子或段落，并作出准确的判断。
例如，2019年的考研英语1长篇阅读理解部分的一道题目是：“According to the passage, the term murder refers to a crime which is _______.” 选项有A. committed with intent B. committed in defense C. triggered by unexpected factors D. committed against the will of the victim。
在文章中，我们可以通过仔细阅读相关段落找到答案。
答案为选项A，即“committed with intent"。
这道题目涉及到词语的理解和推理能力，考生需要在有限的时间内快速定位并作出正确判断。
除了长篇阅读理解，完型填空也是考研英语1的重要部分。
完型填空是测试考生对文章整体理解和语法运用能力的重要手段。
考生需要通读整篇文章，在理解文章的基础上正确选择合适的词语来填空。
例如，2018年的考研英语1完型填空部分的一道题目是：“This ___2___ is known as Hemingway's Iceberg Theory, which suggests that the deeper meaning of a story should not be___3___ on the surface of the text, but should be ___4___ to the reader through subtext.” 考生需要根据文章的主题和前后文内容，选择合适的选项来填空。
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版【考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版】考研英语一真题及答案解析已成为考研复习的重要内容之一。
对于考生来说，了解历年真题以及解析对于备考至关重要。
本文将为大家提供考研英语一真题及答案解析的完整版，旨在帮助考生更好地复习备考。
一、阅读理解以下是一道考研英语一真题的阅读理解部分，附有答案解析：Passage 1In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production, with the telephone expanding the market for products of all kinds. But it was also clear at once that the telephone brought with it the disadvantage of the growing number of interruptions in the intimacy (亲密)of family life.As long as only telegrams could be received over the telephone, this disadvantage only concerned business and politicians who could be interrupted at home. But as soon as relatives and friends began to telephone one another, people had to start struggling with new difficulties and new obligations (义务). As many other important inventions in the course of history, the telephone became a burden (负担)for persons of culture who would not easily yield their privacy (隐私权).With the invention of the telephone, ways had to be found to establish rules as to when and by whom telephone calls could be made without interrupting. The telephone, in order to be acceptable, had to bear certain qualities which were also valid for other cultural goods – mainly the quality to bring people toward one another and to integrate (整合)them into the common world.These results could, however, be achieved only by the contribution of a large number of people who followed certain rules of behavior with regard to the telephone. But such rules had to be collectively established, they had to be known and accepted by everyone; it would not have been sufficient if only a few informed persons, acting in a purely academic capacity =by themselves, had found them out and had spread (传播)them – that is, if people had known the rules only in the abstract.As soon as propriety (礼节)became a matter of public interest, the invention of the telephone brought about the establishment of a teachers of telephone behavior – professors who explained the norms (规范)of telephone behavior, who taught people how to accept messages, how to make a call politely and yet firmly (委婉), how to end calls courteously (谦虚地), and how to use a telephone correctly. These professors were also at the service of companies and private persons for individual consultation on the same topics. Thanks to these people the invasion of privacy by telephone could be tempered (缓和), the annoyance (麻烦) of being interrupted by telephone calls could be reduced.11. According to the passage, the advent of the telephone led to ______.A) an almost immediate invasion of privacyB) the formation of new obligationsC) the integration of business and politicsD) the expansion of the market for various products答案解析：D) the expansion of the market for various products.解析：根据文章的第一句“In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production.”可知，电话的出现推动了商品市场的扩大。