常用名词中英文对照
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A．Couper（古柏尔）acridine（吖啶）acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine（腺嘌呤）adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule（开库勒）alanine（丙氨酸）alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane（烷烃）alkene（烯烃）alkylation（傅-克烷基化反应）alkyne（炔烃）aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines（胺类）amide(酰胺)amidino（脒基）amino acid（氨基酸）β-aminobutyric acid（β-氨基丁酸）ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula（锯架式）andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene（轮烯）anomer（异头物）anomeric effect（异头效应）anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene（蒽）antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound（反芳香性化合物）apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound（芳香性化合物）aromatic hydrocarbon（芳香烃）aromaticity（芳香性）aromatization（芳构化）arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine（精氨酸）aspartic acid（天冬氨酸）asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital（原子轨道）A.Wurtz reaction（武兹反应）axial bond（直立键，a键）azulene）Baeyer（拜耳）baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole（苯并咪唑）benzothiazole（苯并噻唑）benzene（苯）berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius（伯察留史）beta-pleated sheet（ -折叠）bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate（生物甲基化）biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond （σ键）πbond （π键）borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon（桥环烃）bytrepob（布特力洛夫）camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene（卡宾;碳烯）carbohydrate（碳水化合物）carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose（纤维二糖）cellulose（纤维素）cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution（链状碳架）chain initiation step（链引发阶段）chain propagation step（链增长阶段）chain termination step（链终止阶段）chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex（电荷转移络合物）chemical bond（化学键）chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin（甲壳质）chitosamine（壳糖胺）chlorophyll（叶绿素）cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography（色谱法）chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine（金鸡宁）cis-trans isomer（顺反异构体）cistrans isomerism（顺反异构）citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement（克莱森重排）Claisen-Schmidt reaction（克莱森－斯密特反应）cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction（协同反应）condensed nuclei hydrocarbon（稠环烃）conformation（构象）conformational isomerism（构象异构）coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene（共轭二烯烃）conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect（共轭效应）conservation of orbital symmetry（分子轨道对称性守恒理论）constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether（冠醚）cumulative diene（聚集二烯烃）curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution（环状碳架）cycloaddition recation（环加成反应）cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin（环糊精）cysteine（半胱氨酸）daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron（离域电子）delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature（变性）deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer（非对映体）diazotization reaction（重氮化反应）diazonium salt（重氮盐）diborane（乙硼烷）dichlorocarbene（二氯卡宾）β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction（狄尔斯—阿尔德反应）diene（双烯体，二烯烃）dienophile（亲双烯体）dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation（蒸馏法）diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number（有效原子序数）E.J.Cory—H.House reaction（科瑞—郝思反应）electric field scan（电场扫描）18-electron rule（18电子规则）electromeric effect（电性效应）electrophilic addition（亲电加成反应）electrophilic substitution（亲电取代）electrophile（亲电性试剂）elimination reaction（消除反应）Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism（对映异构）enantiomer(对映体)end－group effect（端基效应）entgegen（E,相反之意）energy of activation（活化能）enzyme（酶）ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素，没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation（环氧化反应）equatorial bond(平伏键，e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid（必需氨基酸）essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction（萃取法）farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical （自由基）free radical chain reaction （自由基链反应） Freon （氟利昂）Friedel-Crafts reaction （傅瑞德尔－克拉夫兹反应） reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose （果糖）fucose （海藻糖）furan （呋喃）fused ring carbon constitution （稠环碳架） F.Wohler （武勒）Gabreil reaction （盖布瑞尔合成法）galactose （半乳糖） ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction（盖特曼－科希反应）geometricalisomer（几何异构体）germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose（葡萄糖）glutamic acid（谷氨酸）glutamine（谷酰胺）glycerol（甘油）glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen（糖原）glycoside（糖苷）glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin（哥美林）green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction（格氏反应）Grignard Reagent（格林那试剂，格氏试剂）G.Schiemann reaction（希曼反应）guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine（鸟嘌呤）guanyl (脒基)haloform（卤仿）halogenation（卤代反应）halogenation reaction（卤化反应）Haworth（哈沃斯）heat of hydrogenation（氢化热）heat of reaction（反应热）hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction（兴斯堡反应）histidine（组氨酸）H.Kolbe（科尔贝）Hoffmann degradation（霍夫曼降解反应）Hoffmann elimination（霍夫曼消除）Hoffmann exhaustive methylation（霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应）HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital，最高被占用分子轨道) homolog（同系物）homologous series（同系列）hormone (激素)Hückel rule（休克尔规则）hybrid orbital（杂化轨道）hydroboration（硼氢化反应）hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond（氢键）hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect（超共轭效应）imidazole（咪唑）inclusion compound（包含物）indole（吲哚）inductive effect（诱导效应）infrared spectroscopy（红外光谱）insulin（胰岛素）invert sugar（转化糖）iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point（PI,等电点）isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene（隔离二烯烃）isoleucine（异亮氨酸）isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer（同分异构体）isoquinoline（异喹啉）isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole（异噻唑）isoxazole（异噁唑）Jones reagent（琼斯试剂）ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement（傅瑞斯重排）K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction（克脑文盖尔反应）Kolbe-Schmidt reaction（柯尔柏-施密特反应）Kutchcrov reaction（库切洛夫反应）lactose（乳糖）lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine（亮氨酸）leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar（林德拉）liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide（甲基锂）lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent（卢卡斯试剂）LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine（赖氨酸）maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan（磁场扫描）malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose（麦芽糖）Mannich reaction（满尼希反应）mannose（甘露糖）mass spectroscopy（质谱）matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot（佰赛儒）Mclafferty（麦可拉费蒂重排）(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)（±）-menthol [（±）-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer （内消旋体）methionine（蛋氨酸）methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital（分子轨道）molecular orbital theory（分子轨道理论）monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide（单糖）morphine (吗啡)mutarotation（变旋光现象）naphthalene（萘）narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) （±）-neomenthol [（±）-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection（纽曼投影式）Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration（硝化反应）nitro compound（硝基化合物）nonaromatic compound（非芳香性化合物）nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon（非苯芳烃）nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（核磁共振谱）nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应）nucleophilic reagent（亲核试剂）nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide（寡糖）frontier orbital (前线轨道理论）Oppenaner oxidizing reaction（欧芬脑尔氧化）optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound（有机金属化合物）organometallics （金属有机化合物）orientation rule （定位规则）oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole （噁唑）oxidation number （氧化值）oxidation state （氧化态）盐） oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin （烷烃）pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide （肽）peptide bond （肽键）peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction （周环反应）Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation （透析法）peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷) phenanthrene （菲）phenylalanine （苯丙氨酸）phosphorus ylide（膦叶立德）phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol（频哪醇）pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（多环芳烃）polymer（聚合物）polynuclear aromatic compound（稠环芳烃）polypeptide（多肽）polyreaction（聚合反应）polysaccharide（多糖）polytetrafluroethyleney（泰氟隆）unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation（沉淀法）primary structure（一级结构）proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein（蛋白质）pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine（蝶啶）purine（嘌呤）pyran（吡喃）pyrazine（吡嗪）pyrazole（吡唑）pyridazine（哒嗪）pyridine（吡啶）pyrimidine（嘧啶）pyrrole（吡咯）quaternary structure（四级结构）quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline（喹啉）quinones（醌）racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization（外消旋化）rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni（兰尼镍）reaction mechanism（反应历程）Reimer-Tiemann reaction（瑞穆尔－蒂曼反应）reserpine (利血平)residue（残基）resonance energy（共振能）resonance hybrid（共振杂化体）resonance theory（共振论）resonating structure（共振结构式）resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward（伍德沃德）rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose（核糖）rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide（糖类）Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction（桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应）Sandmeyer reaction（桑得迈尔反应）saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent（沙瑞特试剂）Sawhares projection（萨哈斯投影式）sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure（二级结构）securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine（丝氨酸）sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction（σ键迁移反应）silane（硅烷）single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)（亲核取代）S N1（单分子亲核取代反应）S N2 （双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon（螺环烃）squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch（淀粉）stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer（立体异构）stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement（史蒂文斯重排）stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose（蔗糖）sulfonation（磺化反应）systematic nomenclature（系统命名法）taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer（互变异构体）tautomerism（互变异构现象）taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols（茶多酚）Teflon （泰氟隆）terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure（三级结构）testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane（四甲基硅烷）tetraterpenoid（四萜类）thiazole（噻唑）thiophene（噻吩）threonine（苏氨酸）torsional energy（扭转能）torsional strain（扭转张力）transition sate（过渡态）triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium（三甲基铝）triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan（色氨酸）tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine（酪氨酸）uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine（乌洛托品）valence bond method（价键学说）valine（缬氨酸）visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy（可见－紫外光谱）vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12（维生素B12）Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis（威廉森合成法）Wittig reaction（维蒂希反应）zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen（Z，德文，在一起之意）中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶（acridine）埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应（benzoic condensation reaction）氨基酸（amino acid）β-氨基丁酸（β-aminobutyric acid）氨解(ammonolysis)胺（amines）azulene）2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳（Baeyer）佰赛儒（M. Besthelot）半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸（cysteine）半乳糖（galactose）包含物（inclusion compound）苯丙氨酸（phenylalanine）苯（benzene）苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑（benzimidazole）苯并噻唑（benzothiazole）倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸（essential amino acid）变性（denature）变旋光现象（mutarotation）表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸（alanine）丙氨酸乙硫酯（ethyl alanine sulfide）丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史（Berzelius）柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)（±）—薄荷醇(（±）—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫（Bytrepob）布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基（residue）草酸（oxalic acid）超共轭效应（hyperconjugation effect）差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚（tea polyphenols）β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法（precipitation）橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃（polynuclear aromatic compound）稠环碳架（fused ring carbon constitution）醇钠（sodium alcohols）醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描（magnetic field scan）β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法（extraction）DDQ(2,3－二氯－5,6－氰基－1,4－苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪（pyridazine）单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖（monosaccharide）单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸（methionine）蛋白质（protein）胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点（isoelectric point ,PI）迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯－阿尔德（Diels-Alher）电场扫描（electric field scan）电性效应（electromeric effect）电荷转移络合物（charge-transfer complex）碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉（starch）敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶（pteridine）丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则（orientationg rule）动力学概念（dynamical concept）豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应（end－group effect）对映异构（enantiomerism）对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon）多糖（polysaccharide）多肽（polypeptide）多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E（entgegen，德文，相反之意）EAN规则（EAN rule）莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑（oxazole）蒽（anthracene）蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃（diene）二氯卡宾（dichlorocarbene）二甲亚砜（dimethyl sulfoxide）二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构（secondary structure）二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物（antiaromatic compound）反应历程（reaction mechanism）反应热（heat of reaction）芳香烃（aromatic hydrocarbon）芳香性（aromaticity）芳香性化合物（aromatic compound）芳构化（aromatization）放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物（nonaromatic compound）非离子表面活性剂（nonionic）非对映体（diasteroisomer）非质子性溶剂（nonprotonic solvent ）非苯芳烃（nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon）菲（phenanthrene）斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔（E.Fischer）费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道（molecular orbital）分子轨道对称性守恒理论（conservation of orbital symmetry theory）分子轨道理论（molecular orbital theory）酚苄明（Phenoxybenzamine）芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明（fenfluramine）粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸（flufenamic Acid）福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应（Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction）傅瑞斯重排（K.fries rearrangement）傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应（Friedel-Crafts reaction）辅酶Q10（coenzyme Q10）呋喃（furan）盖布瑞尔合成法（Gabreil reaction）盖特曼－科希（Gattermann-Koch）反应甘露糖（mannose）甘氨酸（glycine）甘油（glycerol）甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃（isolated diene）格林那试剂（Grignard reagent）哥美林（Gmelin）共振能（resonance energy）共振论（resonance theory）共振杂化体（resonance hybrid）共振结构式（resonating structure）共轭效应（conjugative effect）共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃（conjugated diene）构象（conformation）构象异构（conformational isomerism）构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸（glutamic acid）谷酰胺（glutamine）古柏尔（A. Couper）古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖（oligasaccharide）冠醚（crown ether）光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷（silane）硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态（transition state）果糖（fructose）哈沃斯（Haworth）海藻糖（fucose）核磁共振谱（nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy）核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖（ribose）(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱（infrared spectroscopy）互变异构现象（tautomerism）互变异构体（tautomer）胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键（chemical bond）花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃（cyclic hydrocarbon）环氧化反应（epoxidation）环加成反应（cycloaddition recation）环状碳架（cyclic carbon constitution）环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精（cyclodextrin）α,β－环氧酸酯(α,β－cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应（sulfonation）活化能（energy of activation）霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应（Hoffmann degradation）霍夫曼消除（Hoffmann elimination）霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应（Hoffmann exhaustive methylation）几何异构体（geometricalisomer）己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂（lithium methlde）甲壳质（chitin）价键学说（valence bond method）假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键（σbond）σ键迁移反应（sigmatropic reaction）π键（πbond）碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物（metalloorganic compound）金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁（cinchonine）金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸（arginine）竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物（polymer）聚合反应（polyreaction）聚集二烯烃（cumulative diene）锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾（碳烯）（Carbene）开息纳尔－武尔夫（Kishner-Wolff）－黄鸣龙法凯库勒（A. Kekule）康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝（H. Kolbe）科瑞—郝思反应（E.J.Cory—H.House reaction）可的松(cortisone)可见－紫外光谱（visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy）克莱森－斯密特（Claisen-Schmidt）反应克脑文盖尔（Knoevenagel）反应克莱门森（Clemmensen）还原反应克莱森重排（Claisen rearrangement）克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应（Kolbe-schmidt reaction）柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺（chitosamine）苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应（Kutchcrov reaction）奎宁(quinine)喹啉（quinoline）醌（quinones）醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸（lysine）兰尼镍（Raney Ni）莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构（stereoisomer）离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子（delocalized electron）离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段（chain initiation step）链增长阶段（chain propagation step）链终止阶段（chain termination step）链状碳架（chain carbon constitution）亮氨酸（leucine）林德拉（Lindlar）膦叶立德（phosphorus ylide）膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应（halogenation）卤仿（haloform）卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂（Lucas reagent）芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α－卵磷脂(α－lecithine )轮烯（annulene）酪氨酸（tyrosine）罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃（spiro hydrocarbon）氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫（Markovnikov）规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂（Mclafferty）麦芽糖（maltose）麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希（Mannich）反应梅尔外英－彭多夫（Meerwein-Poundorf）还原反应酶（enzyme）没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶（pyrimidine）咪唑（imidazole）那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘（naphthalene）脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体（meso－form）尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤（guanine）尿嘧啶（uracil）柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式（Newmans projection formular）扭转能（torsional energy）扭转张力（torsional strain）欧芬脑尔氧化反应（Oppenaner oxidizing reaction）偶氮基(azo)偶合（偶联）反应(coupling reaction）偶合组分（或偶合剂）（coupling agent ）偶极-离子键（dipolar-ionic bond ）蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应（hydroboration））硼氢化钠（NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯（pyrrole）吡喃（pyran）吡嗪（pyrazine）吡唑（pyrazole）吡啶（pyridine）嘌呤（purine）频哪醇（pinacol）平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键，equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖（glucose）歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital）理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β－羟基醛(β－hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃（bridged hydrocarbon）鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂（electrophile）亲电加成反应（electrophilic addition）亲电取代（electrophilic substitution）亲核试剂（nucleophilic reagent）亲核加成反应（nucleophilic addition）亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体（dienophile）芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热（heat of hydrogenation）氢甲酰化法（hydroformylation）氢键（hydrogen bond）清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂（Jones reagent）炔烃（alkyne）热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖（lactose）瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应（Reamer-Timann reaction）萨哈斯投影式（Sawhares projection）噻吩（thiophene）噻唑（thiazole）三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝（trimethyl aluminium）三级结构（tertiary structure）三线态（triplet state）三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate）桑得迈尔反应（Sandmeyer reaction）桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应（Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction）色氨酸（tryptophan）色谱法（chromatography）沙瑞特试剂（Sarrett reagent）鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化（biological methylate）18电子规则（18- electron rule）史蒂文斯重排（Stevens rearrangement）石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体（diene）顺反异构（cistrans isomerism）顺反异构体（cis-trans isomer）四氢巴马汀（tetrahydropalmatine）四级结构（quaternary structure）四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷（tetramethylsilane）丝氨酸（serine）松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸（threonine）酸败（rancidity ）缩醛（acetal）缩二脲反应（biuret reaction）肽（peptide）肽键（peptide bond）碳水化合物（carbohydrate）碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类（saccharide）糖苷（glycoside）糖原（glycogen）天冬氨酸（aspartic acid）天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列（homologous series）同系物（homolog）同分异构体（isomer）酮(ketone)透析法（permeation）1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化（racemization）烷烃（alkane）维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12（vitamin B12）维生素K1、K2（vitamin K1、K2）维蒂希反应（Wittig reaction）伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法（Williamson synthesis）武勒（F. Wohler）无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德（R.B.Woodward）武兹反应（A.Wurtz reaction）烯烃（alkene）系统命名法（systematic nomenclature）西佛碱（Schiff ’s base）希夫（schiff）试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱（schiff base）希曼反应（G.Schiemann reaction）纤维二糖（cellobiose）纤维素（cellulose）腺嘌呤（adenine）硝化反应（nitration）消除反应（elimination reaction）小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物（nitro compounds）协同反应（concerted reaction）缬氨酸（valine）（±）—新薄荷醇[（±）—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应（Hinsberg reaction）胸腺嘧啶（thymine）12-15休克尔规则（Hückel rule）比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素（haemachrome）亚硝酸（nitrous acid）烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐（oxonium salt）氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态（oxidation state）氧化值（oxidation number）阳离子表面活性剂（cationic surface active agent）叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素（chlorophyll）一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构（primary structure）乙硼烷（diborane）1－乙炔基环戊醇（1－ethynyl cyclopentanol ）乙二胺（ethylene diamine）乙烯酮（ethenone ;ketene ）乙酸（acetic acid）乙二酸（ethanedioic acid ）异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸（isoleucine）异头物（anomer）异头效应（anomeric effect）异噁唑（isoxazole）异噻唑（isothiazole）异腈（胩）（isonitrile）异喹啉（isoquinoline）胰岛素（insulin）阴离子表面活性剂（anionic surface active agent）茚三酮（ninhydrin ）吲哚（indole）罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂（axunge；grease；lipin；）有效原子序数（effective atomic number）有机金属化合物（organometallic compound）有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应（inductive effect）羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道（atomic orbital）Z（Zusammen，德文，在一起之意）杂化轨道（hybrid orbital）杂环碳架（heterocycle carbon constitution）甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖（sucrose）-折叠（beta-pleated sheet）蒸馏法（distillation）质谱（mass spectroscopy）质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon；cycloalkane）直立键（a键，axial bond）重氮化反应（diazotization reaction）重氮盐（diazonium salt）重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应（pericyclic reaction）转化糖（invert sugar）自由基（free radical）自由基链反应（free radical chain reaction）β－紫罗兰酮(β－ionone )。
钣金厂常用名词中英文对照表
钣金厂常用名词中英文对照表材料：material；披锋：burr；注释：notes；绘制：DWD（DRAWN BY）；检查：CHK（CHECKED BY）；弯曲：BEND；表面处理：FINISH；单位：UNIT；客户：CUSTOMER；通过：PASSDE；电解刚：CECC；电解铁：GMS PLATE；马口铁：STEEL PLATE LEAD；红铜：COPPER；磷铜：PHBROONZE / PHOS；白铁：SPTE（ELEOTROL YTLC TIN COAED STEEL）；光泊：SPCC；铅：LEAD；铁枝：IRON；比例：SCALE；未注：UNSPECIFIED（UNLESS）；标准规格：GA（GAVGE）；厚度：THCTHICKNESS；公差：TOLERANCES；设计：MODEL；处理：TREATMENT；锻烧：ANNEALLNG；第一角法：FIRST ANGLE RROJECTION；第三角法：THIRD ANGLE RROJECTION；不锈钢：SUS STAINLESS STEEL；白口铁：STEEL PLATE TIN；锌铁：SPGC CGALVANIZ STEEL；铝合金：ALLOY；青铜：BRONZE / BRASS；锡：TIN；扁铁：CRS（COLD ROUED STEEL）；黄铜：BRASS SHEEL；弹簧钢：SPRING STEEL；铝片：ALUM（ALUMINUM）PLATE；白海绵：SPONGE；弹簧钢线：SWP；备注：REMARK；E；端子：TERMINAL；胶套：HOUSING；灯座：LAMP HOLDER；护套：SLEEVE；被覆：JACKET；连接器：CONNECTOR；功能检查：FUNCTION TEST；核准：APPROVED BY；外观：APPEARANCE；尺寸：DIMENTION；单位：UNIT；拉力：RETENTION；图号：DRAW NO；版本：REVISION；氧化：ANODIZE；电彩锌：YELLOW CHROMATE；镀锌：ZINCING（GALVANIZE）；最大：MAN；最小：MIN；样板：SAMPLE；项目：POINT；攻牙：TAP；硬度：HEADNESS；除油：FREE OF OLL；锑片：TERNE PLATE；压缩板：PRESS BOARD；硬橡胶：HARD RUBBER；快把：FIBRE SHEET；电镀：PLATED；电叻：NI-PLATED；热处理：H.T（HEAT TRANENT）；氧化黑：ANODIZE BLACK；氧化白：ANODIZE WHITE；形状：SHARP；结果：RESULT；电银：SILVER PLATE；光泽性：GLOSS；条件：CONDITION；承认：APPROVE线材：WIR專業術語中英文對照(Stamping)中文英文下料模,切料模blanking die毛邊,鑿紋burr,sharp edge片材sheet凸點dimple成形forming折曲加工folding沖切punching沖頭punch刮傷,刺蝕,擦傷處scratch拉伸比,牽引比draw ratio抽引,凸包embossing油漆paint變形deformation應變strain腐蝕corrosion胚料,素材blank剪切,剪斷shear脫脂degreasing頂出板,脫模板stripper plate模孔die orifice模孔襯套orifice bushing模板,固定模具之板die blank模體,模塊die block模座die base點焊接welding排焊projection welding氬焊argon welding填角焊tag welding專業術語中英文對照中文英文機工,機器加工machining,machine work O環,O形封墊O ring下料模,切料模blanking die寸進,寸動inching工程塑膠engineering plastics工模,夾具,支架jig干膠,粘著劑,動物膠glue干燥時間drying time干燥劑drier dryer不劃一顏色,顏色深淺不均color non-uniformity 中心澆口center gate內襯,襯套,襯蟄liner公差,容差tolerance分模線,合模線,模縫痕parting line切口,缺口notch切口,缺料notch切邊(n) shear edge化學腐蝕chemical atching化學腐蝕chemical etching反射reflection孔隙,空洞,氣泡void尺寸穩定性dimensional sability手動壓機hand press支管形噴嘴nozzle manifold比重specific gravity比熱specific heat毛狀裂痕hair crack,hair cracking毛絨fuzz毛邊,鑿紋burr,flash,fin水道,水通路water channel火花放電spark discharge火焰處理flame treatment,flame treating片材sheet凹痕,縮痕sink mark,shrink mark凹槽,內陷,凹陷undercut加料,給料,供料feed加熱,加溫warming,warming up加熱板,熱板(盤) heating plate加熱管套,加熱缸heating cylinder,heating barrel加熱爐heating furnace功率,力率power factor半透明semitransparence,translucence打眼,鑽孔driling正餘面,交疊,重疊overlap永久變形permanent set,residual strain白曇,霧狀haze立式射出成型機vertical injection mo(u)lding machine 光彩,光澤gloss印刷printing同軸往復螺杆式射出成型機in-line screw(type)injecton mo(u)lding machine合成樹枝synthetic resin合板,集成材composite wood合模力,開模力mo(u)ld clamping force,mo(u)ld locking force合模線,毛邊線flash line,parting line合模線,毛邊線spew line,spue line合模銷,導銷leader pin合模銷套,導銷襯套leader pin pushing合模機構,開模機構mo(u)ld clamping mechanism后加工post processing后加熱after baking后成型postforming回程銷,復歸銷return pin安全系數safety factor安全門safety door成孔銷,心型銷,模蕊銷core pin成孔銷托板,動或定模板core pin plate成形forming成形,模制mo(u)iding,forming成形收縮率,模制收縮率mo(u)ld shrikage,mo(u)lding shrikage成形指數mo(u)lding index成形時間mo(u)lding time,cycle time成形循環(周期) mo(u)lding cycle成形溫度,模制溫度mo(u)lding temperature成形壓力,模制壓力mo(u)lding pressure成型紋(缺陷) mo(u)ld mark成型銷,心型銷,模蕊銷core pin托板,模板,承裝模穴(蕊)塊之模板retainer plate 托板,模板,承裝模穴(蕊)塊的模板retainer plate 收縮shrinkage有機溶膠organosol污染contamination自動頂出automatic ejection自動澆口,剪切澆口shear gate色片,色粒color chip色相hue色彩度chroma行程,衝程stroke伸長,變形elongation,strain伸長計extensomenter冷卻水塔cooling tower冷卻套管cooling sleeve冷料cold slug吸水性water absorption吸收sbsorption吸附作用adsorption含量(率) content扭力試驗,扭曲試驗torsion test,torsional test,twist test 折曲加工folding折射率,折光指數refraction index沈陷式澆口,潛入式澆口submarine gate沈積,澱積sedimentation沖切punching沖頭punch車削turning供料段,加料段feed zone,feed section刮傷,刺蝕,擦傷處abrasion卷尺,膠帶tape卷轉,翹曲curling,curl固定側,模穴側cavity side延伸,拉伸drowing,orientation,stretching延性ductility往復應力,振幅應力alternating stress拉伸比,牽引比draw ratio抽引,凸包embossing放電加工electro-discharge machining放電處理electro-discharge treatment注道,豎流道,注道料sprue注道冷料頂出sprue ejection,sprue ejector注道冷料頂出銷sprue djector pin注道形澆口,直接澆口suprue gate注道拉取器,澆口鉤銷sprue puller注道襯套,澆口襯套sprue bush,sprue bushing油漆oil varnish泛白blushing直接澆口direct gate空氣頂出air ejection空氣隙air gap表面材料facing表面涂飾層top coat表面張力surface tension表面處理suface treatment表面噴鎗air gun金鋼砂carborundum金鋼砂emery長度(cm)重量(g)時間(秒)制單位system of CGS-units 侵漬erosion促進劑,加速劑,催化劑accelerator指形銷,傾斜銷finger pin,angular pin流動flow流痕,波流痕flow mark流道平衡,澆口平衡balanced runner界面interface砂布emery cloth砂紙emery paper研磨abrasive finishing研磨紙abrasive paper耐衝擊性impact resistance胚料,素材blank背壓back pressure修改,改變,變性modification,denaturation 修整,光制,修飾finishing修邊,除邊deflashing,definning修邊機,修毛邊機deflasher剛毛,豬鬃bristle剛性rigidity容許應力allowable stress射(注)胚吹制成形injection blow mo(u)lding 射出成型injection mo(u)lding射出成型用模具injection mo(u)ld射出成型循環(周期) injection mo(u)lding cycle射出成型機infection mo(u)lding machine射出容量shot capacity射出容量,(注射)(射塑) injection capacity,shot capacity 射出速度injection speed射出循環(周期) shot cycle射出壓力injectio pressure射料,注射,射出成型shot扇形澆口fan gate料腔,料槽loaking cavity校驗,考証verification氧化oxidation浸漬,浸滲impregnation海綿(連通)開放氣泡之發泡物sponge烘烤baking窄澆口,限制形澆口testricted gate缺陷defect脆性brittleness退火annealing退色fading針尖澆口,針孔形澆口pin point gate除靜電器destaticization(static eliminator)高聚物,高分子high polymer涂布,被覆coating側滾輪offset roll,side roll偏心,不正off center剪切,剪斷shear基材base,base material密度density排氣孔,通氣孔went斜位合模銷,斜向凸輪angular cam清理,清除作業purging清晰,透明clear焊接,熔接welding焊接紋,溶合線weld line焊接痕,溶合痕weld mark焊接機welder牽引滾輪take-off roll異物foreign matter(inclusion),foreign substance 脫脂degreasing脫模劑mo(u)ld release agent透明度,透明性transparency透氣,排氣breathing,degassing,bumping頂出,脫模ejection,knock-out頂出,脫模knock-out頂出杆ejector rod頂出板,脫模板ejector plate ,knock-out plate頂出板,脫模板stripper plate頂出板歸復銷ejector plate return pin頂出架ejector frame頂出脫模,頂出成型品法stripper ejection頂出連接杆ejector connecting,bar,knock-out bar頂出結合,頂出墊ejector pad頂出銷,脫模銷ejector pin,knock-out pin頂出銷,脫模銷knock-out pin頂出銷托板,頂出板knock-out pin plate粘合,接合bonding,jointing粘著adhesion,glueing粘著力adhesion force粘著膠帶ahdesive type粘著劑adhesive,binder,bonding adhsive,bondingagent,cement,glue割料,斷片,切削cut,cutting單軸定向,單軸延伸uniaxial drawing,uniaxial orientation,uniaxial 嵌件,插板,嵌入insert嵌件銷,嵌件固定(支持)銷insert pin嵌件銷,嵌件固定(支持)銷retainer pin復合成形(多種材料成形法) composite mo(u)lding復合材料,(異質,異形) composites復板模duplicate cavity plate復原recovery殘留應力residual stress殘留變形應力,補償應力offset stress焰焊,火焰溶接flame welding無注道(冷料)模具sprueless mo(u)ld短射成型,充填不足short shot短料成形,充填不足short mo(u)lding短料供給,供料不足straved feeding硬化時間,熟化時間curing time硬度hardness硬度hardness硬度試驗hardness test硬試試驗機hardness tester稀釋劑,調薄劑thinner筒,套筒sleeve結晶crystal絕緣材料insulating amterial,insulation material,insulator 裁邊,除毛邊trimming裁邊刀具trimming cutter超(聲)音波切斷ultrasonic welding 開口式噴嘴,開放式噴嘴open nozzle 開模力mo(u)ld opening force開模時間,合模時間closing time間隙,隙間clearance集穴模,多模穴模subcavity gate傾斜銷angular pin圓角fillet塑性,可塑性plasticity塑膠廢料plastic waste填料,填充劑filler損壞,損傷damage極性polarity溶劑solvent溶劑洗凈solvent clearning碎裂crazing過度浸蝕over etching過寬涂布over coating隔塊,間隔塊spacer block預干燥predrying預成型preform,preforming預處理pre-treatment預熱preheating墊材,防震材料cushioning material 對位,異側,間同syndiotactic滲出bleed out熔融,塑化fluxing熔融,熔化melt,fusion監噴試驗salt spray test聚合物polymer腐蝕corrosion蝕刻,侵蝕etching銑削,銑法milling噴砂sand-blast噴嘴,注嘴nozzle噴霧涂布,噴涂法spray coating噴霧鎗,噴洒器spray gun彈性系數elastic coefficient撕裂強度tear strength標距gauge length標準型澆口standard gate模孔die orifice模孔,孔,銳孔orifice模孔襯套orifice bushing模穴托板cavity retainer plate模具用鋼料mo(u)ld stell模具回轉射出成型法mo(u)ld-rotating injection mo(u)lding 模具效率mo(u)ld eddiciency模板,固定模具之板die blank模座mo(u)ld bade,die base模槽,模穴,陰模cavity模蕊,心型,蕊孔core模蕊側,移動側core side模體,模塊die block澆口gate澆口切斷,澆口取出degating潤滑劑lubricant熟化,硫化,硬化,固化cure,curing熱固性粘著劑heat setting adhesive熱流道模具hot runner mo(u)ld熱圈gasket熱傳遞系數heat transmission coefficient,coefficient of heat transmission,coeffitance熱傳遞阻力hea transmission resistance熱熔法hot melt瑩光fluorescence皺紋wrindle盤形澆口disk gate盤形澆口,薄膜澆口diaphragm gate衝擊試驗impact test輪廓材,形材profile,section shape適用期,儲存壽命shelf core適用期,儲存壽命shelf,life storage life銼削加工filing凝固作用,固化solidification凝集,凝固coagulation導孔,合模孔guide hole導板guide plate導流板baffle,baffle plate導套,導銷襯套dowel bushing導套,導銷襯套,騎縫襯套dowel bushing導套孔,導孔dowel hole導銷,合模銷dowel pin導銷,合模銷dowel pin,guide pin導銷,合模銷guide pin,leader pin導銷襯套guide pin bushing,leader pin bushing 樹脂浸滲織物(resin)impregnated fabric橡膠gum,rubber橡膠,樹膠gum激流,噴射現象jetting燒痕burned mark,burn mark燙印hot stamping磨光紙polishing paper磨耗,磨損wear,abrasion磨擦friction篩綱,濾綱,屏蔽screen膨脹,腫大intumescence鋸切saw cutting錐形螺杆concal screw錐度,退拔,斜度taper錐度,斜度,通風draft靜電static electricity靜電噴涂electorstatic coating,electrostatic spraying 龜裂crack,cracking儲備,未硫化之橡膠,半溶融材料stock壓入,加壓力force壓板platen,platten壓粘膠帶pessure sensitive adhesive tape壓縮性,壓縮率compressibility壓縮應變compressive strain壓鑄die casting應力stress應力松弛stress sensitivity應力集中系數stress concentration factor 應力腐蝕stress corrosion應力-應變圖stress-strain diagram應變儀train gauge擠出,壓出squeeze out螺絲,螺杆screw還原reduction鍍plating錨銷,定位銷anchor pin點焊接,局部焊接spot wolding擴散diffusion織維fiber翹曲warp(ing),warpage鎖定塊clamping block鎖模圈locking ring鎖模塊locking block離子電鍍ion plating離子鍵結合ionic bond顏料pigment穩定劑,安定劑stabilizer,stabilizing agent 鏡面拋光mirror splishing懸臂梁cantilever觸媒,催化劑catalyst蠟wax襯板,承板backing plate,support(ing)plate 變色discoloration變黃yellowing驟冷,急冷,淬火quenching鑲入,埋入inlay鑽石刀具diamond cutter。
完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表
完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表English-XXXGrammar：语法Syntax：句法Morphology：词法Structure：结构Rank：层次Sentence：句子Clause：从句Phrase：词组Part of Speech：词类Word：单词XXX：实词Structural Word：虚词Simple Word：单纯词XXX：派生词Compound：复合词Noun：名词Proper Noun：专有名词Common Noun：普通名词Countable Noun：可数名词Uncountable Noun：不可数名词Abstract Noun：抽象名词Concrete Noun：具体名词Material Noun：物质名词Collective Noun：集体名词Individual Noun：个体名词n：介词n：连词XXX：动词Main XXX：主动词XXX：及物动词Intransitive XXX：不及物动词Link XXX：系动词Auxiliary XXX：助动词Modal XXX：情态动词Regular Verb：规则动词Irregular Verb：不规则动词Phrasal XXX：短语动词XXX：限定动词Infinite XXX：非限定动词Causative Verb：使役动词Verb of Senses：感官动词Event Verb：动态动词XXX：静态动词XXX：感叹词Adjective：形容词Adverb：副词Adverb of Manner：方式副词Adverb of Degree：程度副词Adverb of Time：时间副词Adverb of Place：地点副词Adjunct：修饰性副词Conjunct：连接性副词Interrogative Adverb：疑问副词Relative Adverb：关系副词Pronoun：代词Personal Pronoun：人称代词Possessive Pronoun：物主代词Reflexive Pronoun：反身代词Reciprocal Pronoun：相互代词Demonstrative Pronoun：指示代词Pronouns are words used in place of nouns。
通用名词_中英文对照
通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics 地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function 渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system 相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation 邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system 优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system 多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress 应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate 波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending 壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through 有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function 加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave 简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading 卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension 加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation 完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress 应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section 沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field 静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction 纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带shear band剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件three point bending specimen, TPB specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen中心裂纹板试件center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服large scale yielding小范围攻屈服small scale yielding韦布尔分布Weibull distribution帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤accumulated damage脆性损伤brittle damage延性损伤ductile damage宏观损伤macroscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤microscopic damage损伤准则damage criterion损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening损伤强化damage strengthening损伤张量damage tensor损伤阈值damage threshold损伤变量damage variable损伤矢量damage vector损伤区damage zone疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture 疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳辉纹fatigue striations疲劳阈值fatigue threshold交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage 直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor 横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage 平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage 粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage 桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage 补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge 电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage集流器slip ring应变放大镜strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage电感应变计inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Young fringe双折射效应birefrigent effect等位移线contour of equal Displacement暗条纹dark fringe条纹倍增fringe multiplication干涉条纹interference fringe等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress- optic law主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹light fringe光程差optical path difference热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波spatial filtering空间频率spatial frequency起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect 应变条纹值strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应stress freezing effect应力条纹值stress fringe value应力光图stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interferometry网格法grid method 全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry全息云纹法holographic moire technique全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis散斑干涉法speckle interferometry散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method云纹干涉法moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法moire method云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method脆性涂层法brittle-coating method条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element 非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element拉格朗日元Lagrange element 拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode 节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure流体力学流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil 翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave 激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave 非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit 沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation。
GMP常用名词-中英文对照
GMP常用名词-中英文对照Lot Number –批号见批号(Batch Number)Manufacture –制造物料的接收、原料药的生产、包装、重新包装、贴签、重新贴签、质量控制、放行、贮存和分发以及相关控制的所有操作。
Material –物料原料(起始物料，试剂，溶剂)，工艺辅助用品，中间体，原料药，和包装及贴签材料的统称。
Mother Liquor –母液结晶或分离后剩下的残留液。
母液可能含有未反应的物料、中间体、不同级别的原料药和/或杂质。
它可用于进一步加工。
Packaging Material –包装材料在储运过程中保护中间体或原料药的任何物料。
Procedure –程序对要进行的操作、要采取的预防措施以及与原料药或中间体生产直接或间接相关的方法的描述文件。
Process Aids –工艺辅料除溶剂外，在原料药或中间体生产中起辅助作用、本身不参与化学或生物学反应的物料(例如，助滤剂、活性炭)。
Process Control –工艺控制见中间控制在原料药制备过程中，从接收原料，到工艺加工和原料药包装所涉及的所有操作。
Qualification –确认证明设备或辅助系统，安装正确、工作正常、确实产生预期的结果，并以文件佐证的行为。
确认是验证的一部分，但单独的确认步骤不构成工艺验证。
Quality Assurance (QA) –质量保证以确保所有原料药达到其应用所要求的质量，并维持质量体系为目的的全部组织安排的总和。
Quality Control –质量控制是否符合质量规格的检查或测试。
Quality Unit(s) –质量部门独立于生产部门的履行质量保证和质量控制职责的组织机构。
按照组织机构的大小和结构，可以是单独的QA 和QC部门，或个人，或小组。
Quarantine –待验在实物上或以其它有效方式将物料隔离，等待对其随后的批准或拒收做出决定的状态。
Raw Material –原料用来表示中间体或原料药的生产中要用的起始物料、试剂和溶剂的通用专业名词。
生物名词中英文对照
turtle：海龟
Arctic tern：北极燕鸥
tern：燕鸥
rufous hummingbird：棕煌蜂鸟
hummingbird：蜂鸟
royal albatross：皇家信天翁
albatross：信天翁
elver：鳗苗
eel：鳗
ep06：
thorn bug：角蝉
orchid：兰
mantis：螳螂
butterfly：蝴蝶
termite：白蚁
assassin bug：猎蝽
death adder：棘蛇
skink：石龙子
worm：虫；蠕虫；蚯蚓
blue tit：青山雀；蓝山雀
hawk moth：天蛾
bromeliad：凤梨
moorhen：黑水鸡
elephant：象
chimpanzee：黑猩猩
albatross：信天翁
tiger shark：虎鲨
ep03：
spectacled bear：眼镜熊
woolly spider monkey：绒毛蛛猴
small red panda：小熊猫
bamboo：竹
finch：雀；地雀
giant tortoise：象龟
fish：鱼
manta ray：蝠鲼
sea louse：鱼虱
barnacle：藤壶
grouper：石斑鱼
wrasse：濑鱼；裂唇鱼
cleaner fish：濑鱼
coral：珊瑚
moray eel：海鳝；鯙
suckerfish：鮣鱼
tadpole：蝌蚪
（完整版）流体力学常用名词中英文对照
（完整版）流体力学常用名词中英文对照流体力学常用名词流体动力学fluid dynamics 连续介质力学mechanics of continuous 介质medium 流体质点fluid particle 无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid 连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学fluid kinematics 水静力学hydrostatics 液体静力学hydrostatics 支配方程governing equation 伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem 毕奥- 萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law 欧拉方程Euler equation 亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理Kelvin theorem 涡片vortex sheet 库塔- 茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数Reynolds number 施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number 随体导数material derivative 不可压缩流体incompressible fluid 质量守恒conservation of mass 动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy 动量方程momentum equation 能量方程energy equation 控制体积control volume 液体静压hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy 压差differential pressure 流［动］flow 流线stream line 流面stream surface 流管stream tube 迹线path, path line 流场flow field 流态flow regime 流动参量flow parameter 流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex 涡量vorticity 涡丝vortex filament 涡线vortex line 涡面vortex surface 涡层vortex layer 涡环vortex ring 涡对vortex pair 涡管vortex tube 涡街vortex street 卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell 卷筒涡胞roll cell 涡eddy 涡粘性eddy viscosity 环流circulation 环量circulation 速度环量velocity circulation 偶极子doublet, dipole 驻点stagnation point 总压[ 力] total pressure 总压头total head 静压头static head 总焓total enthalpy 能量输运energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile 库埃特流Couette flow 单相流single phase flow 单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow 非均匀流nonuniform flow 二维流two-dimensional flow 三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流quasi-steady flow 非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow 周期流periodic flow 振荡流oscillatory flow 分层流stratified flow 无旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flow 轴对称流axisymmetric flow 不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow 浮体floating body 定倾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 减阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面张力surface tension 毛细[ 管]作用capillarity 来流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line 外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet 扰动disturbance, perturbation 分布distribution 传播propagation 色散dispersion 弥散dispersion 附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method 无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric similarity 运动相似kinematic similarity 动力相似[ 性] dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 势potential 势流potential flow 速度势velocity potential 复势complex potential 复速度complex velocity 流函数stream function 源source 汇sink 速度[ 水] 头velocity head 拐角流corner flow 空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空气动力学aerodynamics 低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流[ 动] subsonic flow 跨声速流[ 动] transonic flow 超声速流[ 动] supersonic flow 锥形流conical flow 楔流wedge flow 叶栅流cascade flow 非平衡流[ 动] non-equilibrium flow 细长体slender body 细长度slenderness 钝头体bluff body 钝体blunt body 翼型airfoil 翼弦chord 薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory 构型configuration 后缘trailing edge 迎角angle of attack 失速stall 脱体激波detached shock wave 波阻wave drag 诱导阻力induced drag 诱导速度induced velocity 临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex 附着涡bound vortex 约束涡confined vortex 气动中心aerodynamic center 气动力aerodynamic force 气动噪声aerodynamic noise 气动加热aerodynamic heating 离解dissociation 地面效应ground effect 气体动力学gas dynamics 稀疏波rarefaction wave 热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle 普朗特- 迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow 瑞利流Rayleigh flow 可压缩流[ 动] compressible flow 可压缩流体compressible fluid 绝热流adiabatic flow 非绝热流diabatic flow 未扰动流undisturbed flow 等熵流isentropic flow 匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金- 于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state 量热状态方程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas 拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle 马赫角Mach angle 马赫锥Mach cone 马赫线Mach line 马赫数Mach number 马赫波Mach wave 当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave 激波shock wave 正激波normal shock wave 斜激波oblique shock wave 头波bow wave 附体激波attached shock wave 激波阵面shock front 激波层shock layer 压缩波compression wave 反射reflection 折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 绕射diffraction 出口压力exit pressure 超压[ 强] over pressure 反压back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轰detonation 缓燃deflagration 水动力学hydrodynamics 液体动力学hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利数Rayleigh number 自由面free surface 波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height 波列wave train 波群wave group 波能wave energy 表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave 规则波regular wave 不规则波irregular wave 浅水波shallow water wave 深水波deep water wave 重力波gravity wave 椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave 潮波tidal wave 涌波surge wave 破碎波breaking wave 船波ship wave 非线性波nonlinear wave 孤立子soliton 水动［力］噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer 空化cavitation 空化数cavitation number 空蚀cavitation damage 超空化流supercavitating flow 水翼hydrofoil 水力学hydraulics 洪水波flood wave 涟漪ripple 消能energy dissipation 海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula 欧拉数Euler number 弗劳德数Froude number 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力坡度hvdraulic slope 高度水头elevating head 水头损失head loss 水位water level 水跃hydraulic jump 含水层aquifer 排水drainage 排放量discharge 壅水曲线back water curve 压［强水］头pressure head 过水断面flow cross-section 明槽流open channel flow 孔流orifice flow 无压流free surface flow 有压流pressure flow 缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow 渐变流gradually varied flow 急变流rapidly varied flow 临界流critical flow 异重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow 掺气流aerated flow 含沙流sediment-laden stream 降水曲线dropdown curve 沉积物sediment, deposit 沉［降堆］积sedimentation, deposition 沉降速度settling velocity 流动稳定性flow stability 不稳定性instability 奥尔- 索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation 泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow 奥辛流Oseen flow 剪切流shear flow 粘性流［动］viscous flow 层流laminar flow 分离流separated flow 二次流secondary flow 近场流near field flow 远场流far field flow 滞止流stagnation flow 尾流wake ［flow］回流back flow 反流reverse flow 射流jet 自由射流free jet 管流pipe flow, tube flow 内流internal flow 拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process 表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise 厘泊centipoise 厘沱centistoke 剪切层shear layer 次层sublayer流动分离flow separation 层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point 附着点attachment point 再附reattachment 再层流化relaminarization 起动涡starting vortex 驻涡standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压［力］降pressure drop 压差阻力pressure drag 压力能pressureenergy 型阻profile drag 滑移速度slip velocity 无滑移条件non-slip condition 壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦损失friction loss 磨擦因子friction factor 耗散dissipation 滞后lag 相似性解similar solution 局域相似local similarity 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体slurry 泰勒数Taylor number 纳维- 斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 边界层理论boundary later theory 边界层方程boundary layer equation 边界层boundary layer 附面层boundary layer 层流边界层laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩boundary layer transition 边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness 动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness 注入injection 吸出suction 泰勒涡Taylor vortex 速度亏损律velocity defect law 形状因子shape factor 测速法anemometry 粘度测定法visco[si] metry 流动显示flow visualization 油烟显示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计orifice meter 频率响应frequency response 油膜显示oil film visualization 阴影法shadow method 纹影法schlieren method 烟丝法smoke wire method 丝线法tuft method 说明氢泡法nydrogen bubble method 相似理论similarity theory 相似律similarity law 部分相似partial similarity 定理pitheorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration 动态校准dynamic calibration 风洞wind tunnel 激波管shock tube 激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel 水洞water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank 旋臂水池rotating arm basin 扩散段diffuser 测压孔pressure tap 皮托管pitot tube 普雷斯顿管preston tube 斯坦顿管Stanton tube 文丘里管Venturi tube U 形管U-tube 压强计manometer 微压计micromanometer 多管压强计multiple manometer 静压管static [pressure]tube 流速计anemometer 风速管Pitot- static tube 激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer ,laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer 热膜流速计hot- film anemometer 流量计flow meter 粘度计visco[si] meter 涡量计vorticity meter 传感器transducer , sensor 压强传感器pressure transducer 热敏电阻thermistor 示踪物tracer 时间线time line 脉线streak line 尺度效应scale effect 壁效应wall effect 堵塞blockage 堵寒效应blockage effect 动态响应dynamic response 响应频率response frequency 底压base pressure 菲克定律Fick law 巴塞特力Basset force 埃克特数Eckert number 格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number 努塞特数Nusselt number 普朗特数prandtl number 雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy 施密特数schmidt number 斯坦顿数Stanton number 对流convection 自由对流naturalconvection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection 热对流heat convection 质量传递mass transfer 传质系数mass transfer coefficient 热量传递heat transfer 传热系数heat transfer coefficient 对流传热convective heat transfer 辐射传热radiative heat transfer 动量交换momentum transfer 能量传递energy transfer 传导conduction 热传导conductive heat transfer 热交换heat exchange 临界热通量critical heat flux 浓度concentration扩散diffusion 扩散性diffusivity 扩散率diffusivity 扩散速度diffusionvelocity 分子扩散molecular diffusion 沸腾boiling 蒸发evaporation 气化gasification 凝结condensation 成核nucleation 计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem 伯格斯方程Burgers equation 对流扩散方程convection diffusion equationKDU 方程KDV equation 修正微分方程modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem 数值模拟numerical simulation 大涡模拟large eddy simulation 数值粘性numerical viscosity 非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability 希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis 相容条件consistency condition CFL 条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition 熵条件entropy condition 远场边界条件far field boundary condition 流入边界条件inflow boundary condition 无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition 数值边界条件numerical boundary condition 流出边界条件outflow boundary condition 冯. 诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition 近似因子分解法approximate factorization method 人工压缩artificial compression 人工粘性artificial viscosity 边界元法boundary element method 配置方法collocation method 能量法energy method 有限体积法finite volume method 流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method 通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method 伽辽金法Galerkin method 积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征线法method ofcharacteristics 直线法method of lines 矩量法moment method 多重网格法multi- grid method 板块法panel method 质点网格法particle incell method, PIC method 质点法particle method 预估校正法predictor-corrector method 投影法projection method 准谱法pseudo-spectral method 随机选取法random choice method 激波捕捉法shock-capturing method 激波拟合法shock-fitting method 谱方法spectral method 稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method 不定常法time-dependent method 时间分步法time splitting method 变分法variational method 涡方法vortex method 隐格式implicit scheme 显格式explicit scheme 交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme 紧差分格式compact difference scheme 守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme 克兰克- 尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme 杜福特- 弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme 指数格式exponential scheme 戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme 高分辨率格式high resolution scheme 拉克斯- 温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme 蛙跳格式leap-frogscheme 单调差分格式monotone difference scheme 保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme 穆曼- 科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme 半隐格式semi-implicit scheme 斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme 全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme 计算区域computational domain 物理区域physical domain 影响域domain of influence 依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition 维数分解dimensional split 物理解physical solution 弱解weak solution 黎曼解算子Riemann solver 守恒型conservation form 弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form 散度型divergence form 贴体曲线坐标body-fitted curvilinear coordi-nates [ 自] 适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh 适应网格生成adaptive grid generation 自动网格生成automatic gridgeneration 数值网格生成numerical grid generation 交错网格staggered mesh 网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number 数植扩散numericaldiffusion 数值耗散numerical dissipation 数值色散numerical dispersion 数值通量numerical flux 放大因子amplification factor 放大矩阵amplification matrix 阻尼误差damping error 离散涡discrete vortex 熵通量entropy flux 熵函数entropy function 分步法fractional step method。
专业术语常用名词缩写中英文对照
BA:Bridge Amplifier 桥接放大器 TOP BAC:Building Automation & Control net 建筑物自动化和控制网络 BAM:Background Administration Module 后管理模块 BBER:Background Block Error Ratio 背景块误码比 BCC:B-channel Connect ControlB 通路连接控制 BD:Building Distributor BEF:Buiding Entrance Facilities 建筑物入口设施 BFOC:Bayonet Fibre Optic Connector 大口式光纤连接器 BGN:Background Noise 背景噪声 BGS: Background Sound 背景音响 BIP-N:Bit Interleaved Parity N code 比特间插奇偶校验 N 位码 B-ISDN:Brand band ISDN 宽带综合业务数字网 B-ISDN:Broad band -Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网
专业术语常用名词缩写中英文对照 请选择您所要查询的字母:A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-L-M-O-P-R-S-T-U-V A:Actuator 执行器 A:Amplifier 放大器 A:Attendance 员工考勤 A:Attenuation 衰减 AA:Antenna amplifier 开线放大器 AA:Architectural Acoustics 建筑声学 AC:Analogue Controller 模拟控制器 ACD:Automatic Call Distribution 自动分配话务 ACS:Access Control System 出入控制系统 AD:Addressable Detector 地址探测器 ADM:Add/Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器 ADPCM:Adaptive Differential ulse Code Modulation 自适应差分脉冲编码调制 AF:Acoustic Feedback 声反馈 AFR:Amplitude /Frequency Response 幅频响应 AGC:Automati Gain Control 自动增益控制 AHU:Air Handling Unit 空气处理机组 A-I:Auto-iris 自动光圈 AIS:Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号 AITS:Acknowledged Information Transfer Service 确认操作 ALC:Automati Level Control 自动平衡控制 ALS:Alarm Seconds 告警秒 ALU:Analogue Lines Unit 模拟用户线单元 AM:Administration Module 管理模块 AN:Access Network 接入网 ANSI:American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会 APS:Automatic Protection Switching 自动保护倒换 ASC:Automati Slope Control 自动斜率控制 ATH:Analogue Trunk Unit 模拟中继单元 ATM：Asynchrous Transfer Mode 异步传送方式 AU- PPJE:AU Pointer Positive Justification 管理单元正指针调整 AU:Administration Unit 管理单元 AU-AIS:Administrative Unit Alarm Indication SignalAU 告警指示信号 AUG:Administration Unit Group 管理单元组
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网络安全方面的专业词汇中英文对照Access Control List（ACL）访问控制列表access token 访问令牌account lockout 帐号封锁account policies 记帐策略accounts 帐号adapter 适配器adaptive speed leveling 自适应速率等级调整Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) 地址解析协议Administrator account 管理员帐号ARPANET 阿帕网（internet的前身）algorithm 算法alias 别名allocation 分配、定位alias 小应用程序allocation layer 应用层API 应用程序编程接口anlpasswd 一种与Passwd+相似的代理密码检查器applications 应用程序ATM 异步传递模式attack 攻击audio policy 审记策略auditing 审记、监察back-end 后端borde 边界borde gateway 边界网关breakabie 可破密的breach 攻破、违反cipher 密码ciphertext 密文CAlass A domain A类域CAlass B domain B类域CAlass C domain C类域classless addressing 无类地址分配cleartext 明文CSNW Netware客户服务client 客户，客户机client/server 客户机/服务器code 代码COM port COM口（通信端口）CIX 服务提供者computer name 计算机名crack 闯入cryptanalysis 密码分析DLC 数据链路控制decryption 解密database 数据库dafault route 缺省路由dafault share 缺省共享denial of service 拒绝服务dictionary attack 字典式攻击Director y 目录directory replication 目录复制domain 域domain controller 域名控制器domain name 域名域名其实就是入网计算机的名字，它的作用就象寄信需要写明人们的名字、地址一样重要。
域名结构如下：计算机主机名.机构名.网络名.最高层域名。
域名用文字表达，比用数字表达的IP地址容易记忆。
加入Internet 的各级网络依照DNS的命名规则对本网内的计算机命名，并负责完成通讯时域名到IP地址的转换。
DNS 域名服务器DNS(Domain Name System,域名系统)是指在 Internet上查询域名或IP地址的目录服务系统。
在接收到请求时，它可将另一台主机的域名翻译为IP地址，或反之。
大部分域名系统都维护着一个大型的数据库，它描述了域名与 IP地址的对应关系，并且这个数据库被定期地更新。
翻译请求通常来自网络上的另一台计算机，它需要IP地址以便进行路由选择。
DDE 动态数据交换DHCP 动态主机配置协议encryption 加密EGP 外部网关协议FDDI 光纤分布式数据接口FAT 文件分配表FTP(File Transfer Protocol）文件传送协议filter 过滤器firmware 固件flooding 淹没GSNW NetWare网关服务GDI(graphical device interface) 图形设备界面GUI 图形用户界面Html超文本标记语言HTTP 超文本传送协议IGP 内部安全性ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) 网际控制报文协议ICMP用来发送关于IP数据报传输的控制和错误信息的TCP/IP协议。
当一个IP数据报不能传送到目的地时，可能是因为目的地的机器暂停服务或者信息交通阻塞，路由器可能使用ICMP将失败信息通知发送者。
IGMP（Internet Group Management Protocol，Internet群组管理协议）这种TCP/IP协议允许Internet主机参加多点播送（multicasting）----一种向计算机群广播信息的有效手段IIS 信息服务器IP(Internet Protocol) 网际协议IRC 网上交谈ISP 网络服务提供者IPX 互连网分组协议IPC 进程间通信IRQ 中断请求IP address IP地址IP地址称作网络协议地址，是分配给主机的一个32位地址，由4个字节组成，分为动态IP地址和静态IP 地址两种。
动态IP地址指的是每次连线所取得的地址不同，而静态IP地址是指每次连线均为同样固定的地址。
一般情况下，以电话拨号所取得的地址均为动态的，也就是每次所取得的地址不同。
IP masquerade IP伪装IP spoofing IP欺骗LAN 局域网LPC 局部过程调用NNTP 网络新闻传送协议PPP 点到点协议称为点对点通信协议(Point to Point Protocol)，是为适应那些不能在网络线上的使用者，通过电话线的连接而彼此通信所制定的协议。
PDC 主域控制器Telnet 远程登陆TCP/IP 传输控制协议/网际协议TCP/IP通信协议主要包含了在Internet上网络通信细节的标准，以及一组网络互连的协议和路径选择算法。
TCP是传输控制协议，相当于物品装箱单，保证数据在传输过程中不会丢失。
IP是网间协议，相当于收发货人的地址和姓名，保证数据到达指定的地点。
TFTP 普通文件传送协议TFTP是无盘计算机用来传输信息的一种简化的FTP协议。
它非常之简单，所以可固化在硬盘上，而且支持无认证操作。
TFTP是一种非常不安全的协议。
Trojan Horse 特洛伊木马URL 统一资源定位器UDP 用户数据报协议VDM 虚拟DOS机U UC P 是一种基于猫的使用已经很久的文件传输协议，有时候还使用它在Internet上传输Usenet新闻和E-mail，尤其是在那些间断性联网的站点上。
现在很少站提供匿名的UUCP来存取文件。
而它做为一种文件传输协议，只有那些没有入网而使用猫的用户使用此方法。
WWW 万维网WWW(Word Wide Web)是Internet最新的一种信息服务。
它是一种基于超文本文件的交互式浏览检索工具。
用户可用WWW在Internet网上浏览、传递、编辑超文本格式的文件。
WAN 广域网virtual server 虚拟服务器Usenet用户交流网Usenet是网络新闻服务器的主要信息来源。
Usenet完全是一个民间自发建立的，使用Internet 交换信息但又不完全依赖Internet进行通讯的用户交流网络。
使用Usenet的自愿者共同遵守一些约定的网络使用规则。
USER name 用户名USER account 用户帐号Web page 网页OpenGL 开放图形语言ODBC 开放数据库连接PCI 外设连接接口………………………………………………………………………………………………authentication 认证、鉴别authorization 授权Back Office Microsoft公司的一种软件包Back up 备份backup browser 后备浏览器BDC 备份域控制器baseline 基线BIOS 基本输入/输出系统Binding 联编、汇集bit 比特、二进制位BOOTP 引导协议BGP 引导网关协议Bottleneck 瓶径bridge 网桥、桥接器browser 浏览器browsing 浏览channel 信道、通路CSU/DSU 信道服务单元/数字服务单元Checksum 校验和Cluster 簇、群集CGI 公共网关接口CGI（Common Gateway Interface公用网关接口是一个可以产生相同结果或结果随用户输入而变化的程序。
它可以用一种解释性的界面语言编写，也可以用一种编译方式的编程语言编写。
CGI规定了Web服务器调用其它可执行程序的接口协议标准。
Web服务器通过调用CGI程序实现和Web浏览器的交互，也就是CGI 程序接受Web浏览器发送给Web服务器的信息，进行处理，并将响应结果再回送给Web服务器和Web浏览器。
CGI程序一般完成Web网页中表单数据的处理、数据库查询和实现与传统应用系统的集成等工作。
CGI程序虽然可以用任何程序设计语言编写，但是用C语言编写的CGI程序具有执行速度快、安全性高等特点。
CGI-based attack（基于CGI攻击）它利用公共网关接口的脆弱点进行攻击，通常借助www站点进行crash（崩溃）系统突然失效，需要从新引导CD-ROM 只读型光盘Component 组件data link 数据链路datagram 数据报default document 缺省文档digital key system 数字键控系统disk mirroring 磁盘镜像distributed file system 分布式文件系统data-driven attack（数据驱动攻击）依靠隐藏或者封装数据进行的攻击，那些数据可不被察觉的通过防火墙。
DNS spoofing（域名服务器电子欺骗）攻击者用来损害域名服务器的方法，可通过欺骗DNS的高速缓存或者内应攻击来实现的一种方式（通常为攻击者假扮合法的DNS服务器角色）DoS（嘿嘿，可不是DOS哦，这个是deniad of service，极为服务拒绝）用户恶意使用网络信息服务器时，将拒绝为合法的用户提供服务。
eavesdropping 窃听、窃取encrypted tunnel 加密通道enterprise network 企业网Ethernet 以太网External security 外部安全性environment variable 环境变量fax modem 传真猫file attribute 文件属性file system 文件系统file 文件form 格式fragments 分段frame relay 桢中继firewall 防火墙Firework(防火墙)是加强加 Internet 与 Intranetp(内部网)之间安全防范的一个或一组系统。
防火墙可以确定哪些内部服务允许外部访问，哪些外人被许可访问所允许的内部服务，那些外部服务可由内部人员访问。
为了使防火墙发挥效力，来自和发往 Internet 的所有信息都必须经由防火墙出入。
防火墙只允许授权信息通过，而防火墙本身不能被渗透。
gated daemon gated进程（好象是一种早期的UNIX寻径服务）gateway 网关global account 全局帐号global group 全局组group 组group account 组帐号group identifier 组标识符HCL 硬件兼容性表hash 散表HPFS 高性能文件系统Home directory 主目录home page 竹叶hop 驿站、中继段host 主机hyperlink 超文本链接highjacking 劫持终端，即为攻击者捕获另一个用户会话的控制。