Introduction 大学论文写作课课件(英文)
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英语科技论文写作PPT课件
概要的结论，是整篇论文的结尾。 结论必须完整、准确，且逻辑严密。作者也可以根据
所做工作提出今后应如何做的意见或方案。一般来说，结 论部分一两小段的长度。 有时作者列出一些结果，这时标题用results; 有时则就 某一方面的问题加以讨论，标题可用discussion，这种情况 下文字可能比较长。
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科技论文本身内容的构成
二、正文（Body） 论文的关键部分。 包括一些设想、实验情况、实验装置、获得的数据、证实 的理论等等。作者可通过定义、描写、说明、举例、实验、 论证、比较、分析综合、判断推理等不同的研究过程来证 实作者在引言中所提及的主题。
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科技论文本身内容的构成
三、结论或结束语（Conclusion(s) or Concluding Remarks） 是作者通过正文的论述而形成的总的观念，是一种很
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科技论文本身内容的构成
六、符号说明（Nomenclature(s)） 主要用于说明文章中出现的各种符号所代表的意义及
其单位。一般按英语的字母顺序排列，希腊字母一般放在 后面，同时符号中的上标（superscript）、下标（subscript） 也应注明所表示意义。
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科技论文本身内容的构成
七、参考文献（references） 大多数论文把参考文献列在“ references”中，并且
英语科技论文写作
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科技论文本身内容的构成
完整的论文一般应有以下几部分构成
一、引言（Introduction） 用于简介文章的主题、目的和写作背景，有关课题的
目前状况及存在的问题，在什么情况下开始这项研究，为 什么进行这项研究，写这篇文章的目的和意义，论文要重 点说明的问题等等。
多数论文的引言比较短，一般半页左右，但也有的引 言较长，可达一两页。
所做工作提出今后应如何做的意见或方案。一般来说，结 论部分一两小段的长度。 有时作者列出一些结果，这时标题用results; 有时则就 某一方面的问题加以讨论，标题可用discussion，这种情况 下文字可能比较长。
33
2
科技论文本身内容的构成
二、正文（Body） 论文的关键部分。 包括一些设想、实验情况、实验装置、获得的数据、证实 的理论等等。作者可通过定义、描写、说明、举例、实验、 论证、比较、分析综合、判断推理等不同的研究过程来证 实作者在引言中所提及的主题。
3
科技论文本身内容的构成
三、结论或结束语（Conclusion(s) or Concluding Remarks） 是作者通过正文的论述而形成的总的观念，是一种很
7
科技论文本身内容的构成
六、符号说明（Nomenclature(s)） 主要用于说明文章中出现的各种符号所代表的意义及
其单位。一般按英语的字母顺序排列，希腊字母一般放在 后面，同时符号中的上标（superscript）、下标（subscript） 也应注明所表示意义。
8
科技论文本身内容的构成
七、参考文献（references） 大多数论文把参考文献列在“ references”中，并且
英语科技论文写作
1
科技论文本身内容的构成
完整的论文一般应有以下几部分构成
一、引言（Introduction） 用于简介文章的主题、目的和写作背景，有关课题的
目前状况及存在的问题，在什么情况下开始这项研究，为 什么进行这项研究，写这篇文章的目的和意义，论文要重 点说明的问题等等。
多数论文的引言比较短，一般半页左右，但也有的引 言较长，可达一两页。
学术英语写作Unit 6.Introduction(课堂PPT)
5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
In sentence 4 the writer describes the general problem area or the current research focus of the field.
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In sentence 5 the writer provides a transition between the general problem area and the literature review.
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➢ round
1. Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2. PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and isproduced by the polymerization of lactide. 3. It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4. However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
In sentence 4 the writer describes the general problem area or the current research focus of the field.
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In sentence 5 the writer provides a transition between the general problem area and the literature review.
10
➢ round
1. Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2. PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and isproduced by the polymerization of lactide. 3. It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4. However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
英文学术论文写作方法 ppt课件
Genre：语类，语体，体裁，即根据写作目的把天下文章归 类划分的行为。
Swales (1990)： A class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes.
Bhatia(1993)：A recognizable communicative event characterized by a set of communicative purposes identified and mutually understood by the members of the professional academic community in which it regularly occurs. Most often it is highly structured and conventionalized.
名词化不但增加了词汇密度，而且使得新信息变成旧信息， 更使得更新的信息被介绍进来。层层深入，直达核心，越 来越具体，象剥洋葱。
P6集成引用、非集成引用、施事、盖然性 引用是指在论文的某些章节（例如在文献回顾、讨论部分），
要提到某个研究者，并引用这位研究者所说过的一句话或 理论主张，或下的定义，或研究发现。 集成引用指的是在论文里直接提到作者。下面的Chomsky 的例子就是。再如, Swales(1990) stated that , (P92，第 8段第4行、第15段第3行 ），当作者重要时. 非集成引用指的是不直接提及作者，而是注释一下，例如放 在句末括号里，或标注（P15第1段第3、5、7行），当作 者不重要时 。 施事，agent：指做某件事的人，与受事recipient对应。被 动态中的施事指的是被动句中动作的发出者，例如：As is suggested by Chomsky(1965).这句中的Chomsky就 是一个施事。 盖然性, 或然性，probability: 数学概念，指某种情况的发生 概率不是100%，而是处于0-1之间(若为no，则是0，若为yes，则是1， 处于两者之间的就是probably) 。在书中此处意思是过去时和现 在完成时的使用不是完全非此即彼，文中用了“比较普 遍”，“多使用”等词表示。Mostly, usually, sometimes, always， maybe,
学术英语写作Unit 6.Introduction(课堂PPT)
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Sample Analysis
Introduction
1.Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2.PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3.It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4.However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
Sample Analysis
Introduction
1.Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2.PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3.It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4.However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
学术英语写作English Academic WritingPPT课件
2021/3/25
授课：XXX
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For Academic Writing:
--- It is based on extensive research of proved facts and authoritative testimony.
first-hand experiments
field research
--- Value Principle
--- Scientific Principle
--- Innovative Principle
--- Feasibility Principle
2.2 Methods for Choosing a Title
--- Consult your professor or an expert
The role of women in today’s society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women’s movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.
英语议论文写作PPT课件
CHENLI
4
Supporting Paragraphs (Body) Paragraphs
TS
Firstly, ... Secondly, ...
SS Moreover, ...
SS Finally, . . .
SS
However, ... In addition, …
SS
Furthermore, ...
CHENLI
8
Topic sentence:________________
Wherever you go in our school, you see
green lawns and trees and beautiful
flowers. Dotted among these trees and
flowers are many buildings of different
正确使用有关连接词
时间先后： first, then, later, in the end, eventually,
since then, after a while
转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, nevertheless 因果关系：because, since, as, thanks to, owing to, as
CHENLI
19
（三） 适当利用短语取代单词
总体而言，使用短语的难度比单词要大一些，
因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例
•
如：
1. Suddenly I had a good idea.
• (换作短语：Suddenly I me up with a good
idea.)
英语学术论文写作引言课件
Preview the methodology
Briefly introduce the research methodology and any specific data sources or analytical techniques that will be used to address the research questions.
Narrow the scope
Gradually narrow the focus to the specific research problem or question, highlighting its significance and relevance to the field.
Establish credibility
Explain the significance of the research questions or assumptions.
Describe any potential implications or applications of the research findings related to the research questions or assumptions.
Overall, a well-written introduction is essential for any academic paper as it sets the stage for the entire research, engaging readers and providing them with a clear understanding of what the paper entails.
State the objectives
Briefly introduce the research methodology and any specific data sources or analytical techniques that will be used to address the research questions.
Narrow the scope
Gradually narrow the focus to the specific research problem or question, highlighting its significance and relevance to the field.
Establish credibility
Explain the significance of the research questions or assumptions.
Describe any potential implications or applications of the research findings related to the research questions or assumptions.
Overall, a well-written introduction is essential for any academic paper as it sets the stage for the entire research, engaging readers and providing them with a clear understanding of what the paper entails.
State the objectives
英语论文写作主体段落写作课件
Transitional relationship
In the main paragraph, the transitional relationship refers to the logical opposition or contradiction between sentences. This relationship is usually used to emphasize a certain viewpoint or fact, deepening the reader's impression through comparison or contrast.
Fluency
Express your thoughts clearly and smoothly Avoid redundancy and use a variety of presence structures to enhance readability
Coherence
Employee a range of presence types, including simple presence, complex presence, and compound presence
Use a variety of vocabulary and syntax to avoid repetition and enhance the wealth of your writing
Variability
Diversity
Notes on writing the main paragraph
谢谢
THANKS
In the main paragraph, causal reasoning is used to illustrate the process by which one event or action leads to another event or result. It supports the argument by demonstrating the relationship between cause and effect, and strengthens the persuasiveness of the argument with appropriate evidence and reasoning.
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In most cases, however, you will want to move beyond summation; you will want to expand on your thesis by revealing the ways in which your paper's thesis might have significance in the world outside it.
Strategies for Conclusion
You should avoid only summarizing, but if your conclusion requires some summary, avoid repeating, word-for-word, a statement you have made earlier in the paper.
In an effort to go beyond summary, it might be helpful to think of your conclusion as something that might . . . place the paper in a larger context serve as a call for action set forth a warning or hypothesis intentionally complicate the issues you have already introduced raise a question or questions introduce a relevant quote tell an appropriate anecdote
Clearly, this essay will be about Africa, and the writer has given us the geographical locations she will discuss. Define and Divide. Now all that's left to do is write an essay and then a conclusion which Drives home the main point or points of the essay.
A conclusion should strive to answer questions readers logically raise--"Why are you telling me this? Why do you think I need to understand your main point?"
The Four D's Define. Divide. ss. Drive Home.
…and just how am I supposed to do that?
Reveal your topic to your reader, and be sure that he or she will be able to anticipate your use of language, evidence and logic.
If it is not necessary to provide background information on your subject, focus more on the introduction as a means of stimulating your reader's interest in the paper.
Thoughts Unique to
Conclusions
I've said everything. What's left? At its most basic level, a concluding paragraph serves as a summary of the writing preceding it.
Introduction
The introduction and conclusion to a paper can be understood as a type of transition
At the beginning of a paper, the introduction serves as a transition by moving the reader from the world outside of your paper to the world within.
Use the introduction to provide necessary background information, which might include defining terms, giving a historical overview or informing the reader of a controversy.
Once you have provided the necessary hints and background information and have gained the interest of your reader, manipulate his or her interest towards your thesis, generally the last sentence of the introductory paragraph.
At the end of the paper, the conclusion works in the opposite direction by moving readers from the world of your paper back to their own world
Strategy
Strategies for Conclusion
You should avoid only summarizing, but if your conclusion requires some summary, avoid repeating, word-for-word, a statement you have made earlier in the paper.
In an effort to go beyond summary, it might be helpful to think of your conclusion as something that might . . . place the paper in a larger context serve as a call for action set forth a warning or hypothesis intentionally complicate the issues you have already introduced raise a question or questions introduce a relevant quote tell an appropriate anecdote
Clearly, this essay will be about Africa, and the writer has given us the geographical locations she will discuss. Define and Divide. Now all that's left to do is write an essay and then a conclusion which Drives home the main point or points of the essay.
A conclusion should strive to answer questions readers logically raise--"Why are you telling me this? Why do you think I need to understand your main point?"
The Four D's Define. Divide. ss. Drive Home.
…and just how am I supposed to do that?
Reveal your topic to your reader, and be sure that he or she will be able to anticipate your use of language, evidence and logic.
If it is not necessary to provide background information on your subject, focus more on the introduction as a means of stimulating your reader's interest in the paper.
Thoughts Unique to
Conclusions
I've said everything. What's left? At its most basic level, a concluding paragraph serves as a summary of the writing preceding it.
Introduction
The introduction and conclusion to a paper can be understood as a type of transition
At the beginning of a paper, the introduction serves as a transition by moving the reader from the world outside of your paper to the world within.
Use the introduction to provide necessary background information, which might include defining terms, giving a historical overview or informing the reader of a controversy.
Once you have provided the necessary hints and background information and have gained the interest of your reader, manipulate his or her interest towards your thesis, generally the last sentence of the introductory paragraph.
At the end of the paper, the conclusion works in the opposite direction by moving readers from the world of your paper back to their own world
Strategy