桂林理工大学2020年《856材料科学基础Ⅰ》考研专业课真题试卷
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目代码：856
考试科目名称：材料科学基础I
（总分150分，三小时答完）
考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带无存储功能的科学计算器、三角板、2B铅笔、橡皮用具
一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）
1. 原子晶体中的化学键是：（）
A. 共价键
B. 氢键
C.范德华健
2. 面心立方的密排面：（）
A. {112}
B. {110}
C. {111}
3. 下列属于二级相变的是：（）
A. α-石英转变到α-磷石英
B. 晶体的熔化
C.超导态相变
4. 以下各系统中属于单相的是：（）
A. Zn-Cu形成的固溶体
B. 冰水混合物
C. α-石英与β-石英的混合物
5. 几种扩散的微观机制中，对于置换固溶体最容易发生的是：（）
A. 易位扩散
B. 环形易位扩散
C. 空位扩散
6. 下列润湿角与润湿程度的关系正确的是：（）
A. θ<90o，不润湿
B. θ>90 o，不润湿
C. θ=180 o，完全润湿
7. 热力学一级相变特点的是（）
A. ∆V=0，∆S=0
B. ∆V≠0，∆S≠0
C. ∆V≠0，∆S=0
8. 下列关于形核说法正确的是（）
A. 过冷度∆T越大，则临界半径越大
B. 非均匀形核比均匀形核难度更大
C. 均匀形核发生在均匀溶液或熔体内部，晶核产生几率处处相同
9. 有A-B-C组元形成的三元相图，其等边成分三角形(ABC)内平行于AB的直线上任意一点表示: （）
A. C组元的浓度为定值
B. B与A组元的浓度比为定值
C.以上两选项都错
10. 某一位错的位错线方向与其对应的柏氏矢量平行，则这一位错为：（）
A. 刃型位错
B. 螺型位错
C. 混合位错
二、名词解释（每小题5分，共25分）
1. 配位数与配位多面体
2. 肖特基缺陷
3. 同质多晶
4. 一级相变
5. 烧结
三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）
1. 扩散系数是与温度有关，与晶体结构无关的。
（）
2. 晶体中的热缺陷在外力场作用下可以做定向运动。
（）
3. 马氏体属于二级相变。
（）
4. 温度越高，原子热激活能越小，扩散系数越小。
（）
5. 空间点阵是晶体中质点排列的几何抽象，只有14种布拉维空间格子类型，而实际存在的晶体结构
是无限的。
（）
6. 对于固体表面，其表面张力在数值上不等于表面自由能。
（）
2020年《材料科学与工程基础I》第1页共2页。
2020年广西桂林理工大学无机化学考研真题
2020年广西桂林理工大学无机化学考研真题一、填空题（每小题2分，共40分）1.第16号元素S的外层电子构型为，未成对电子数目为个，H2S分子的空间构型为形，分子（有或无）极性。
2.等性sp2、sp3杂化轨道的夹角分别为、。
3.在定温定压下, 已知反应A=3B的反应热为Δr，反应3A=C的反应热为Δr，则反应9B=C的反应热Δr为。
4.已知：Zn2++ 2e-Zn的φӨ (Zn2+/Zn)= -0.7628V, 那么Zn2++ e-Zn的φӨ（Zn2+/Zn ）= 。
5.某反应的速率常数k的单位为s－1，则该反应属于级反应。
6. CaO(s)+ CO2(g)= CaCO3(s)的平衡常数表达式为KӨ= 。
7.配合物[Co(NH3)5(H2O)]Cl3的名称为中，其中心体为，配体为，配位数为____ 。
8.使固体碘升华需要克服的力是。
9.硼酸是元酸。
10.在NH3·H2O溶液中加入一定量的固体NH4Cl，则溶液中的OH-浓度（“减小”、“增大”、“不变”），NH3的解离度（“减小”、“增大”、“不变”），这种现象称为，NH3的解离常数。
（“减小”、“增大”、“不变”）二、判断题(每小题2分，共计20分)( )1.自发反应一定是放热反应。
( )2.单质的Δf（298.15K）和Δf（298.15K）均为零。
( )3.速率常数k与平衡常数K都是温度的函数，且都与温度成正比。
( )4.不同原子间，能量相近的轨道不能进行杂化。
( )5.非极性分子中的键一定是非极性键。
( )6. 如果一反应△r HӨ为正值，△r SӨ为负值，表示这个反应无论如何是无法进行的。
( )7.原电池正极发生氧化反应，负极发生还原反应。
( )8. AgCl在NaCl溶液中的溶解度比在纯水中的溶解度小。
( )9. 配位化合物中的配位数指的是配位原子的数目。
( )10.先达到溶度积Ksp的先沉淀。
三、选择题(每小题3分，共计30分)1.在298K ，100kPa 下，反应 2H 2(g)＋O 2(g)＝2H 2O(l) 的Δr =-572 kJ ·mol －1 则H 2O(l)的Δf 为：( )A ．572 kJ ·mol －１B ．-572 kJ ·mol －１C ．286 kJ ·mol －１D ．-286 kJ ·mol －１ 2.要降低反应的活化能，可以采取的手段是：( )A. 升高温度B. 降低温度C. 移去产物D. 使用催化剂3.下列反应及其平衡常数H 2(g)＋S(s)=H 2S(g),； S(s)＋O 2(g)=SO 2(g), ,则反应S(g )H (g )O (g )SO (g )H 2222+=+的平衡常数是：( )A. ＋ B ．- C ．×.D ．÷4. 25℃时，Mg(OH)2的 为1.2×10－11，在0.01mol · L －1的NaOH 溶液中的溶解度为：( )A ．1.2×10－9 mol · L －1B ．2.4×10－9 mol · L －1C ．1.2×10－7 mol · L －1D ．1.7×10－5 mol · L－1 5. 已知φӨ (Fe 3+/Fe 2+) ＝ 0.770V ，φӨ (Cu 2+/Cu)＝0.340V ，则反应2Fe 3+(1mol ·L －1)+Cu ＝2Fe 2+(1mol · L －1) + Cu 2+(1mol · L －1)可以：( )A ．呈平衡状态B ．自发正向进行C ．自发逆向进行D ．前三者都错6. 对于Zn 2＋/Zn 电对，增大Zn 2＋的浓度，则其标准电极电势将：( )A. 增大B. 减小C. 不变D. 无法判断7. 不合理的一套量子数（n ，l ，m ，m s ）是：( )A. 4, 0, 0,21+B. 4, 0,－1,21-C. 4, 3, +3,21-D. 4, 2, 0, 21+ 8. 3NH 溶于水后，分子间产生的作用力有：( )A ．取向力和色散力B ．取向力和诱导力C ．诱导力和色散力D ．取向力、色散力、诱导力及氢键9. 下列化合物中，正负离子间附加极化作用最强的是：( )A. AgFB. AgClC. AgBrD. AgI10. Fe(Ⅲ)形成的配位数为 6 的外轨配合物中，Fe 3+离子接受孤对电子的空轨道是：( )A. d 2sp 3B.sp 3d 2C. p 3d 3D. sd5四、完成并配平下列反应方程式（每小题6分，共18分）1. Cu2O + NO3－= Cu2+ + NO（酸性条件下）2. Zn + NO3－+ H+ = Zn2+ + NH4+ +H2O；3. MnO4－+H2O2 = Mn2+ + O2（酸性条件下）五、简答题（每小题6分，共18分）1. CH4、H2O、NH3中心原子杂化方式皆是sp3，其键角大小是否相同？为什么？其空间构型各为何？2. 用极化理论解释为什么下述化合物的熔点大小顺序为：NaCl＞MgCl2＞AlCl3。
桂林理工大学853物理化学2020年考研真题
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：853考试科目名称：物理化学（A） （总分150分，三小时答完） 考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带无存储功能的科学计算器、三角板、2B铅笔、橡皮用具一、选择题（每小题3分，共30分）1. 在一定的T、P下，某真实气体的V m大于理想气体V m，则该气体的压缩因子Z （）。
（A）大于1；（B）等于1；（C）小于1；（D）无法确定；2. 根据热力学第二定律可知，任意循环过程中的（）（A）功与热可以完全互相转换；（B）功与热不能完全相互转换；（C）功可以完全转变为热，热不能完全转变为功；（D）功不能完全转变为热，热可以完全转变为功3. 445 o C时，反应Ag2O (s) 2Ag (s) + 0.5O2 (g) 的Δf G mӨ=11.20 kJ·mol-1，则Δf G mӨ(Ag2O,s)和Δf G mӨ(Ag,s)的值分别为（）（A）0kJ·mol-1和11.2kJ·mol-1；（B）-11.2kJ·mol-1和0kJ·mol-1；（C）11.2kJ·mol-1和0kJ·mol-1；（D）不能确定4. 关于理想稀溶液的依数性，下列说法中正确的是（）（A）它们只决定于溶质的分子量大小；（B）它们决定于溶质粒子数目；（C）他们与溶剂性质无关；（D）他们与溶质性质有关5. 对于弯曲液面所产生的附加压力Δp一定是（）（A）大于零；（B）等于零；（C）小于零；（D）不等于零6. 在一定温度下，分散在气体中的小液滴的半径越小，此液体的蒸汽压p r（）（A）越大；（B）越小；（C）越趋近于100kPa；（D）越是变化无常7. 基元反应2A→B为双原子反应，此反应的级数（）（A）可能小于2；（B）必然为1；（C）可能大于2；（D）必然为28. 胶体系统的电泳现象表明（）（A）分散介质带电；（B）胶体粒子带有电荷；（C）胶体粒子带正电荷；（D）胶体粒子处于等电状态9. 某反应的速率常数为0.099 min-1，反应物的初始浓度为0.2 mol.dm-3，则反应的半衰期为（）A. 7minB. 1.01minC. 4.04minD. 50.5min10. 已知无限稀释时Na2SO4和H2SO4的摩尔电导率分别为259.82×10-4 S·m2·mol-1和859.24×10-4 S·m2·mol-1，则NaHSO4的摩尔电导率为（）（A）559.53×10-4 S·m2·mol-1；（B）1119.06×10-4 S·m2·mol-1；（C）599.42×10-4 S·m2·mol-1；（D）无法确定二、判断题（每小题2分，共计20分）1. 体系的温度升高时就一定吸热，而温度不变时体系既不吸热也不放热（）。
2020年广西桂林理工大学综合英语考研真题附答案
2020年广西桂林理工大学综合英语考研真题Part I Structure and Expression (30分,每题1分)Directions: In this section there are 30 sentences followed by four multiple choices. Choose one to complete the sentences. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. A child with healthy appetite rarely dislikes food _____ it is badly cooked.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. in that2.No one can be _____ hasty in making the decision as it is such a critical case.A. veryB. soC. tooD. that3._____ students have certain “gift” in common, they should be grouped together.A. WhileB. WhereC. WhenD. As4. his graduation, he found a job with a decent income.A. AtB. DuringC. WithD. Upon5.If these human initiatives are aided by special quality-control instruments,machines, and scientific sampling procedures, _______.A. so much the betterB. the much betterC. so it’ll be betterD.be it the better6. writers, like Flaubert, will spend days trying to get one or two sentencesexactly right.A. CarefulB. CautiousC. ScrupulousD. Prudent7.And the polluted water does not merely the life of the sea but threatensthe people who inhabit and visit its shores.A. stiffB. strifeC. stifleD. strive8.Such diseases as typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis andfood poisoning are _______ in the area, and there are periodic outbreaks of cholera.A. epidemicB. endemicC. rifeD. rampant9.An even greater risk in the ageing underground gas-pipes.A. larksB. luresC. lurchesD. lurks10.Anti-materialists tent to the importance of things.A. deriveB. derideC. depriveD. driveter school start time’s contribution to teenagers’ academic performance isnot an one.A. suspiciousB. vagueC. equivocalD. equivalent12.The undeveloped technology of the period the construction of moredelicate walls.A. secludedB. precludedC. concludedD. deluded13.Human beings feature their creative ability to trivial impulses intomomentous consequences.A. transformB. translateC. transmuteD. transmit14.Hypocrisy is the that vice pays to virtue.A. contributeB. attributeC. distributeD. tribute15.Most of his study time is _____ by computer games.A. absorbedB. ingestedC. digestedD. devoured16.Mary is very as she is constantly changing her mind.A. suspiciousB. capriciousC. deliciousD. precarious17.The rich ___ themselves from contact with the poor.A. residedB. retreatedC. secludedD. groped18.He found it hard to choose furniture that was ____ with the modern style of thehouse.A. constantB. consistentC. consequentD. constituent19.One’s _____ remark at the wrong moment could ruin the whole plan.A. indiscreetB. improperC. inappropriateD. impossible20.The average Chinese people will _____ themselves for years to buy a house.A. stingB. stinkC. stintD. stir21.Our progress was _____ by the extreme weather.A. hamperedB. forbiddenC. stoppedD. suspended22.The negotiation had reached a(n)_____, with both parties refusing to makecompromise.A. dilemmaB. difficultyC. embarrassmentD. impasse23.This new laser printer is _____ with all leading software.A. comparableB. competitiveC. compatibleD. cooperative24.Problems have been _____ by long neglect.A. evacuatedB. agitatedC. decapitatedD. aggravated25.A visitor must _____ to the customs of the country where he lives.A. informB. conformC. confirmD. affirm26.It is far too difficult for the young adult to _____ between truth and falsehood.A. discernB. discardC. disperseD. disregard27.In the _____ light I could hardly make out the way home.A. frailB. failingC. failedD. fail28.Drinking water before your meal will take the _____ off your hunger.A. edgeB. edictC. edibleD. eddy29.Those who are _____ of profits will not always be happy.A. insatiableB. fondC. insaneD. critical30.It _____ on me that Johnson had been making us nobody but a fool all along.A. dweltB. dawnedC. restedD. layPart II Figure of Speech (10分,每题1分)Directions: Identify the figure of speech in each of the following sentences. Choose the best answer from the box and write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. I wandered lonely as a cloud that floats over valleys and hills.2. The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.3. Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.4. A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts.5. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on itsshoes.6. He was both out of pocket and out of spirits by that catastrophe, failed in hishealth and prophesied the speedy ruin of the empire.7. Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for goingbackwards.8. The American society saw a gnawing poverty during the tears of the GreatDepression.9. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.10. Nest to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon theautomobile.Part III Blank Filling (20分,每题1分)Directions: Choose a proper word from the box to fill in each blank in the following passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 .Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students -- or their parents for them -- choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “White-collar” job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious 18 to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security;others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.Part IV Paraphrase (20分,每题2分)Directions: Explain the following sentences in your own words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.2. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries.3. Much of human existence consists of efforts aimed at making sure that things don’t go wrong, fall apart, break down, or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after manufacture.4. The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty.5. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.6. Finally, with both of us combining our linguistic and imaginative resources, finally, after what seems another hour, we decode it.7. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.8. So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction.9. Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since the initial outlay upon equipment or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.10. For all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revivea creative soul.Part V Word Formation (10分,每题1分)Directions: Write out the full form of the following words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. ASEAN2. APEC3. CIIE4. BRICS5. NBC6. e-cigar7. radar8. Brexit9. motel 10. ecotourismPart VI General Knowledge (10分,每题1分)Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the 10 multiple-choice questions. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. _____is the capital of Canada.A.VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD.York2. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) _____ term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year3. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.4. _____is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England5. The novel Emma is written by_____.A. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte BrontëC. Elizabeth C. GaskellD. JaneAusten6. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George C. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.7. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for _____.A. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novels8. Syntax is the study of _____.A. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD. word formation9. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission.D. Finiteness.10. The speech act theory was first put forward by _____.A. John SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD. M.A.K. HallidayPart VII Proof Reading and Error Correction (10分,每题1分)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ ^ ” and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.Part VIII Reading Comprehension (40分,每题2分)Directions: In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.TEXT AStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket priceshave stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.1. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater3. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), theauthor implies that ________.A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid4. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise5. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk’s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSCTEXT BMany things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter thana clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.6. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intendsto show that ________.A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicB. art grows out of both positive and negative feelingsC. poets today are less skeptical of happinessD. artists have changed their focus of interest7. The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.A. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial8. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy artB. is a cause of disappointment for the general publicC. replaces the church as a major source of informationD. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself9. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.A. happiness more often than not ends in sadnessB. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshingC. misery should be enjoyed rather than deniedD. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms10. Which of the following is true of the text?A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.C. People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.D. Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.TEXT CNot long after the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying, “your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!”The bully’s parent replied, “you must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel.”A trillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But these days, as studies in the U.S. show that bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don’t really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents, you want them to “extract the cruelty” from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They won’t believe it.” In a recent police department survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That’s what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy’s food. Her son had confessed, but the victim’s mom “wanted to make sure my son hadn’t given her son a nasty disease,” says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh’s son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.Remember: once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket.11. The word “bullying” probably means______.A. frightening and hurtingB. teasingC. behaving like a tyrantD. laughing at12. Calling to a bully’s parent ______.A. has long existed but changed its contentB. is often done with careful thinkingC. often leads to blaming and misunderstandingD. is used to warn the child not to do it again13. According to the surveys in the U.S., _______.A. bullying among adults is also risingB. parents are not supervising their children wellC. parents seldom believe bulliesD. most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying14. When bullying occurs, parents should_______.A. help the bulling child get rid of crueltyB. resort to the mediatorC. avoid getting too protectiveD. resist the temptation of calling15. Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.A. her son confessed to being wrongB.she was afraid to annoy the boy’s parentC.he was likely to be affected by these diseasesD.she wanted to teach her own son a lessonTEXT DFor thousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behavior ranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengthening litany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair shops, moving companies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarial feeling between businesses and consumers.Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1～800 numbers and voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is that strident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitable -- especially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers, service went with it.The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people being hauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I don’t have to serve you!”or “This is private property, get out and don’t come back! ” What can customers do? If the bureau’s arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customer’s only recourse is to sue in claims court. But because of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victimto generational change. Many young people regard retailing as just a bead-end job that you're just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job. Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers have to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeople today, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computer society where they’ve interacted largely with machines. One of the biggest complaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of inter-personal skills.What customers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, they don’t want busy signals, they don’t want interactive systems telling them to push one for this and two for that -- they don’t want voice mail. And if customers do not get what they want, they defect. Some people go back to local small businesses: the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger. They don’t wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.16.At a business place of bad service, the worst one can get is________.A.indifference and rudenessB.naked hostility and physical violenceC.having intelligence and integrity questionedD.being insulted and threatened17.One of the reasons for such ill feeling in the marketplace is that________.A.shoppers are usually strident, frustrated and impatientB.shoppers often take businesses to courtC.businesses use new technology instead of employeesD.businesses try every means to get customers18.What changes have taken place at Vancouver Better Service Bureau in the past five years?A.More effective.B. Less bureaucracy.B.More business. D. Better staff.19.Young clerks often lack interpersonal skills chiefly because they______.A.are skilled in dealing with machines, not peopleB.are not trained in simple manners at homeC.fall victims to generational changeD.take retailing to be a temporary job20.The author’s attitude towards businesses and bad service is________.A.attackingB. understandingC. regrettingD. warning。
新版桂林理工大学材料与化工专业考研经验考研参考书考研真题
经过一年的努力奋斗终于如愿以偿考到自己期望的学校，在这一年的时间内，我秉持着天将降大任于斯人也必先苦其心志劳其筋骨饿其体肤空乏其身的信念终于熬过了这段难熬却充满期待和自我怀疑的岁月。
可谓是痛并快乐着。
在这期间，我不止一次地怀疑自己有没有可能成功上岸，这样的想法，充斥在我的头脑中太多次，明知不可想这么多，但在休息时，思想放空的时候就会凭空冒出来，难以抵挡。
这对自己的心绪实在是太大的干扰，所以在此想跟大家讲，调整好心态，无论成功与否，付出自己全部的努力，到最后，总不会有那种没有努力过而与成功失之交臂的遗憾。
总之就是，付出过，就不会后悔。
在此，我终于可以将我这一年来的所有欣喜，汗水，期待，惶惑，不安全部写出来，一来是对这一重要的人生转折做一个回顾和告别，再有就是，希望我的这些经验，可以给大家以借鉴的作用。
无论是心态方面，考研选择方面，还是备考复习方面。
都希望可以跟大家做一个深入交流，否则这一年来的各种辛酸苦辣真是难吐难吞。
由于心情略微激动了些，所以开篇部分可能略显鸡汤，不过，认真负责的告诉大家，下面的内容将是满满的干货。
只是由于篇幅过长还望大家可以充满耐心的把它看完。
文章结尾会附赠我的学习资料供各位下载使用。
桂林理工大学材料与化工专考研初试科目：(101)思想政治理论(204)英语二(302)数学二(856)材料科学基础Ⅰ或(858)高分子物理桂林理工大学材料与化工专考研参考书目：关于英语复习。
我提一个建议，考研单词主要是用于阅读，所以知道意思即可，建议背单词书的同学不要死啃单词书，以“过单词”的方式背单词，每个单词记忆时间不要太长，不然很容易走神，效率也会很低，背诵单词应利用好零碎的时间，如吃饭之前半个小时，饭后半个小时，也可以穿插在复习专业课期间学累了的时候。
我大概早上会有半个小时的时间来背单词，考研单词大多数是不要求掌握拼写的，在阅读中见到能认出即可，所以速度可以快一点，多重复几遍。
早上大概背一到两个单元，晚上睡觉之前再听一遍录音，第二天再迅速的复习一下，效果还不错。
桂林理工大学858高分子物理2015--2020年考研真题
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目代码：858
考试科目名称：高分子物理（A卷）
（总分150分，三小时答完）
考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带无存储功能的科学计算器、三角板用具
一、选择题（每小题3分，共60分）
1．下列哪种方法无法测定聚合物的分子量？
(A)．紫外光谱法；(B)．黏度法；(C)．体积排除色谱法；
2．1920年，哪位科学家发表了划时代的文献《论聚合》，确立了高分子学说？
(A)．Natta；(B)．Staudinger；(C)．Flory；
3．下列哪位获得诺贝尔奖的科学家其获奖主要贡献属于高分子科学领域？
(A)．爱因斯坦；(B)．玛丽·居里；(C)．Flory；
4．目前尚未发现的高分子形态是哪个？
(A)．固态；(B)．液态；(C)．气态；
5．高分子与小分子不同之处就在于高分子的分子量大并且具有多分散性，分子量的多分散性用什么物理量表示？
(A)．第二维立系数；(B)．分子量分布系数；(C)．Huggins参数；
6．均方末端距可以有效地表示下列哪类高分子的尺寸大小？
(A)．线型聚合物；(B)．支化聚合物；(C)．交联聚合物；
7．下列哪个为Floy-Huggins提出的高分子溶液“似晶格”模型示意图？
8．高分子链之间通过支化联结成一个三维空间网络型大分子时即称为（）。
(A)．无规结构；(B)．交联结构；(C)．螺旋结构；
9．用于制造保鲜PE膜的材料是下列哪个？
(A)．高密度聚乙烯；(B)．低压聚乙烯；(C)．支化聚乙烯；
10．下列为热塑性弹性体的材料是哪个？
(A)．ABS；(B)．PS；(C)．SBS；。
桂林理工大学852化工原理2020年考研真题
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：852考试科目名称：化工原理（A）（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带普通计算器用具。
一、单项选择题（每题1分，共30题，总共30分）1.当离心泵输送液体密度增加时，离心泵的也增大。
A. 流量B.轴功率C. 扬程D. 效率2.热量传递的基本方式是____ ____。
A. 恒温传热和稳态变温传热B. 导热给热和热交换C. 气化、冷凝与冷却D. 传导传热、对流传热与辐射传热3.一不饱和的空气其________温度最低。
A.干球温度B.绝热饱和温度C.露点温度D. 湿球温度4.一转子流量计，当流量为50m3/h时，测定流量计转子上下压差为250Pa，现流量变为150m3/h，则流量计转子上下压差为Pa。
A. 250B. 500C. 750D. 1505.流体在管道内作连续流动，在不同截面上，保持不变的物理量是________。
A. 温度B. 动能C. 机械能D.质量流量6.某塔高30m，进行水压试验时，离塔底l0m高处的压力表的读数为500kPa，(塔外大气压强为100kPa)。
那么塔顶处水的压强应为________。
A. 403.8kPaB. 698.1kPaC. 600kPaD.无法确定7.单级单吸式离心清水泵，系列代号为________。
A. ISB. DC. ShD. S8.孔板流量计是。
A. 变压差流量计，垂直安装B. 变截面流量计，垂直安装C. 变压差流量计，水平安装D. 变截面流量计，水平安装9.下列属于离心泵的不正常操作。
A. 改变离心泵转速B.改变离心泵叶轮的弯度C. 未灌满待输送液体运转D.关闭离心泵出口阀10.当热导率为常数时，单层平壁内的温度分布是分布的。
A.直线B.曲线C.折线D.不确定11.精馏过程是一个过程。
A.传热过程B. 传热和传质同时进行的化学过程B.传质过程D. 传热和传质同时进行的物理过程12.下列进料不影响理论塔板数。
桂林理工大学851冶金物理化学2020年考研真题
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目代码：851
考试科目名称：冶金物理化学【A】
（总分150分，三小时答完）
考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带计算器用具
一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）
1.气体在吸附表面上的吸附规律，可用各种吸附等温式来表示，其中应用最广泛的是（）。
A. 朗格缪尔吸附等温式
B. 牛顿吸附等温式
C. 杜菲吸附等温式
D. 焦姆金吸附等温式
2.组元从低浓度区域向高浓度区域扩散的现象，叫（）。
A. “下坡”扩散
B. “下坡”辐射
C. “爬坡”扩散
D. “爬坡”辐射
3.炼钢过程中，碳氧化的气体产物不断从熔池放出，且它们的氧势远低于炉内气相或渣内（FeO）的氧势。
因此，炼钢炉内碳的（）反应难以达到平衡。
A. 化学
B.氧化反应
C. 还原反应
D. 以上都不对
4.脱磷反应在渣钢界面上进行的，脱磷过程化学反应速率很快，主要受（
）所控制。
A. 渣相一侧的传质速率
B. 钢液一侧的传质速率
C. 渣钢的界面化学反应
D. 渣钢两侧的传质速率
5.表示化学反应的反应速率与浓度等参数间的关系式，或浓度与时间等参数间的关系式，称为（）。
A. 热力学方程
B. 化学方程式
C. 速率方程
D. 基元反应
6.下列叙述中，属于麻森模型要点的是（）。
A. 熔渣完全电离，且正、负离子电荷总数相等。
2020年《冶金物理化学》第1页共4页。
2020年广西桂林理工大学普通物理考研真题
A B CO-qQ Sq 2021年广西桂林理工大学普通物理考研真题一、选择题〔每题4分，共40分〕1. 质点在平面上运动，质点位置矢量的表示式为 j bt i at r 22+=〔其中a 、b 为常量〕, 那么该质点作 ： (A) 匀速直线运动． (B) 变速直线运动．(C) 抛物线运动． (D) 一般曲线运动．2. 物体A 放于水平地面上，它与地面间的滑动摩擦系数为．现加一恒力F 如下图．欲使物体A 有最大加速度，那么恒力F与水平方向夹角应满足 (A) sin ＝． (B) cos＝．(C) tg ＝． (D) ctg ＝．3. 质量为20 g 的子弹沿X 轴正向以 500 m/s 的速率射入一木块后，与木块一起仍沿X 轴正向以50 m/s 的速率前进，在此过程中木块所受冲量的大小为： (A) 9 N ·s . (B) -9 N ·s ．(C)10 N ·s ． (D) -10 N ·s ．4. 如下图，置于水平光滑桌面上质量分别为m 1和m 2的物体A 和B 之间夹有一轻弹簧．首先用双手挤压A 和B 使弹簧处于压缩状态，然后撤掉外力，那么在A 和B 被弹开的过程中： (A) 系统的动量守恒，机械能不守恒． (B) 系统的动量守恒，机械能守恒． (C) 系统的动量不守恒，机械能守恒．(D) 系统的动量与机械能都不守恒．5. 均匀细棒OA 可绕通过其一端O 而与棒垂直的水平固定光滑轴转动，如下图．今使棒从水平位置由静止开场自由下落，在棒摆动到竖直位置的过程中，下述说法哪一种是正确的？ (A) 角速度从小到大，角加速度从大到小． (B) 角速度从小到大，角加速度从小到大．(C) 角速度从大到小，角加速度从大到小．(D) 角速度从大到小，角加速度从小到大．6. 点电荷Q 被曲面S 所包围，从无穷远处引入另一点电荷q 至曲面外一点，如下图，那么引入前后：(A) 曲面S 的电场强度通量不变，曲面上各点场强不变(B) 曲面S 的电场强度通量变化，曲面上各点场强不变 (C) 曲面S 的电场强度通量变化，曲面上各点场强变化(D) 曲面S 的电场强度通量不变，曲面上各点场强变化7.点电荷-q 位于圆心O 处，A 、B 、C 、D 为同一圆周上的四点，如下图。
桂林理工大学851冶金物理化学2020年考研真题
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目代码：851
考试科目名称：冶金物理化学【A】
（总分150分，三小时答完）
考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带计算器用具
一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）
1.气体在吸附表面上的吸附规律，可用各种吸附等温式来表示，其中应用最广泛的是（）。
A. 朗格缪尔吸附等温式
B. 牛顿吸附等温式
C. 杜菲吸附等温式
D. 焦姆金吸附等温式
2.组元从低浓度区域向高浓度区域扩散的现象，叫（）。
A. “下坡”扩散
B. “下坡”辐射
C. “爬坡”扩散
D. “爬坡”辐射
3.炼钢过程中，碳氧化的气体产物不断从熔池放出，且它们的氧势远低于炉内气相或渣内（FeO）的氧势。
因此，炼钢炉内碳的（）反应难以达到平衡。
A. 化学
B.氧化反应
C. 还原反应
D. 以上都不对
4.脱磷反应在渣钢界面上进行的，脱磷过程化学反应速率很快，主要受（
）所控制。
A. 渣相一侧的传质速率
B. 钢液一侧的传质速率
C. 渣钢的界面化学反应
D. 渣钢两侧的传质速率
5.表示化学反应的反应速率与浓度等参数间的关系式，或浓度与时间等参数间的关系式，称为（）。
A. 热力学方程
B. 化学方程式
C. 速率方程
D. 基元反应
6.下列叙述中，属于麻森模型要点的是（）。
A. 熔渣完全电离，且正、负离子电荷总数相等。
2020年《冶金物理化学》第1页共4页。
桂林理工大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试试题 858-高分子物理
桂林理工大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：858考试科目名称：高分子物理（A卷）（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带无存储功能的科学计算器、三角板用具一、选择题（每小题3分，共60分）1．下列哪种方法可以测定聚合物的分子量？(A)．红外光谱法；(B)．拉曼光谱法；(C)．黏度法；2．构型有全同、间同和下列哪个？(A)．嵌段；(B)．交替；(C)．无规；3．下列我国哪位科学家属于高分子物理领域？(A)．侯德榜；(B)．屠呦呦；(C)．钱人元；4．凯夫拉纤维按照高分子结构来看，属于下列哪类？(A)．晶态高分子；(B)．液晶高分子；(C)．非晶高分子；5．高分子分子量的多分散性用什么物理量表示？(A)．M w/M n；(B)．M n/M w；(C)．M w/M z；6．对于一种交联高分子而言，其交联点之间的平均链段长度越大，说明该聚合物的交联密度越（）。
(A)．无关联；(B)．高；(C)．低；7．下列哪个为梯形高分子示意图？8．通常PP透明性差是因为（）。
(A)．分子量大；(B)．球晶；(C)．韧性好；9．用于制造高透光材料是下列哪个？(A)．PET；(B)．PV A；(C)．PMMA；10．下列为聚合物链柔性最好的是哪个？(A)．聚苯乙烯；(B)．聚酰亚胺；(C)．聚乙烯；11.在下列聚合物链中，分子链刚性最强的是哪个?(A)．聚苯乙烯；(B)．聚乙烯；(C)．聚酰亚胺；12．下列哪个方法可以测定聚合物玻璃化温度？(A)．FTIR；(B)．DSC；(C)．GPC；13．液晶具有的普遍结构特点是什么？(A)．刚性、长径比大；(B)．刚性、长径比低；(C)．柔性性、长径比大；14．（）是为了提高聚合物的强度，（）是为了赋予材料韧性。
(A)．拉伸、回弹；(B)．聚合、结晶；(C)．取向、解取向；15．当聚合物溶液为到达无扰形态时，又称作什么？(A)．伸展形态；(B)．θ状态；(C)．收缩形态；16．下列哪里为晶区示意图？17．下列示意图哪个属于无规线团模型？18．下列哪类聚合物不属于热固性高分子？(A)．酚醛树脂；(B)．聚醋酸乙烯酯；(C)．硫化橡胶；19．聚丙烯酸分子在下列哪种溶液中分子链更趋于伸展状态？(A)．pH=2水溶液；(B)．pH=10水溶液；(C)．10% NaCl溶液；20．交联聚合物不能溶解，只能发生（）。