美国文学史复习5

美国文学史复习5（the 20th century）

一、Background:

① World War I 第一次世界大战，America have great profit.

② Jump in technology (automobile / radio) 科技方面的跳跃（汽车/收音机）

③ old moral code breaks 旧道德体系破碎

1、Imagism 意象派：is a poetic movement of England and the United States, flourished from 1909-1917. Its credo信条,教义, expressed in Some Imagist Poets, included the use of the language of common speech, project matter, the evocation of images in hard, clear poetry, and concentration.

2、Lost Generation：迷惘的一代，Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a “Lost Generation,” devoid of缺乏 faith and alienated from a civilization. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semipoverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.

3、Modernism现代主义：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary. Strictly, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.

4、现代主义的标志：T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, the most significant American p oem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.

5、典型的迷惘一代：

F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby” 《了不起的盖茨比》 novel

Ernest Hemingway “The Sun Also Rises”《太阳照样升起》“A Farwell to Arms”《告别了，武器》

William Faulkner “The Sound and the Fury” 《喧嚣与骚动》

6、Playwrights戏剧、剧作家：Eugene O’Neill “The Emperor Jones”《琼斯国王》、“Anna Christie”《安娜.克里斯蒂》、“The Hairy Ape”《毛猿》

7、The Jazz Age(享乐时代)：when New Orleans musicians moved “up the river”在狱中 to Chicago,

a nd the theatre of New York’s Harlem黑人住宅区 pulsed脉动,跳动 with the music that had become a symbol of the times. Fitzgerald portrays the Jazz Age as a generation of “the beautiful and damned”, drowning in their pleasures.

二、代表作家：

1、Ezra Pound 埃兹拉.庞德诗人

①Imagism 意象派的代表人物。Pound and Eliot became the early leaders in restoring to poetry the use of literary reference as an imaginative instrument. 庞德和爱略特都是运用

意象主义作为文学表现手法的早期诗人。

②major work of poetry is the long poem called “The Cantos”

2、Robert Frost 罗伯特.弗洛斯特自然主义诗人 poet

①诗歌特点和内容：(1)rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead “the old-fashioned way to be new.” He employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.

(2)He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol.