2017-2018年度上海浦东上学期期中高三英语试卷(含答案)
2017学年第一学期高三英语期中质量检测总分： 140分时间：120分钟钟晓谊I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 60 minutes. B. 45 minutes. C. 30 minutes. D. 15 minutes.2. A. Classmates. B. Doctor and patient. C. Teacher and student. D. Father and daughter.3. A. Confident. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Annoyed.4. A. In a garden. B. At a picnic. C. In a supermarket. D. At a restaurant.5. A. The woman insisted on going out. B. The man was too tired to go out.C.The woman didn’t like watching TV.D. The man promised her a birthday party.6. A. She’s working on amath problem. B. She hasn’t decided when to go home.C. She is planning for her holiday.D. She’s eager to go home.7. A. He is healthy. B. He doesn’t like sound.C. He lacks sleep.D. He has psychological trouble.8. A. He dislikes the name of the novel. B. The novel is better than expected.C. He is disappointed with the novel.D. The novel is as interesting as its name.9. A. Miss Brown’s retirement. B. A special gift for Miss Brown.C. Miss Brown’s hobby.D. A photograph of their class.10. A. She loves going to work on foot. B. She has to save money for her journey.C. It takes her too much time to go to work.D. She dislikes the firm she worked in.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Service industry. B. Transportation industry.C. Computer software design.D. Manufacturing companies.12. A. 75%. B. 45%. C.13%. D. 12%.13. A. The better employment for new graduates.B. The relative comparison of various colleges.C. The job chances in service industry.D. The average starting pay of different jobs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To forbid kids to watch TV. B. To spend more time with their kids.C. To take kids out for fresh air.D. To join some outdoor organizations.15. A. Playing chess. B. Going hiking.C. Seeing movies.D. Reading books.16. A. Making kids free of trouble. B. Making kids better at observation.C. Making kids eat less.D. Making kids protect nature.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To collect some material. B. To hand in her biology paper.C. To make a birthday plan.D. To work on her biology paper.18. A. Tomorrow. B. This weekend C. Next Monday. D. Next weekend.19. A. Sue is going to California for the weekend.B. Sue’s family is too big to be close to each other.C. Around 90 people will attend the family reunion.D. The family will celebrate her grandma’s 80th birthday.20. A. By guarding their nest. B. By using their sense of smell.C. By seeing whether it is familiar.D. By determining if it’s interesting.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since its creation in 2010, the Giving Pledge(乐施誓约) has been signed by 154 billionaires—ages 30 to 100, from 16 countries, with (21) ______(combine)wealth of nearly $ 800 billion—a sum greater than the gross domestic product(国民生产总值) of most countries.These individuals (22) ______(promise)to donate at least $400 billion of their money to help others generously.Many other wealthy individuals and families who fall below the billionaire class also (23) ______(contribute)large sums to charity—without sacrificing their ability to take care of (24) ______and their beloved ones in their chosen lifestyles.But what about the rest of us? The vast majority of Americans cannot afford to give away half of their net worth(净资产) and still be in a position (25) ______(meet)their essential needs.The original intention of the Giving Pledge was not only to create a group of billionaire charitarians, but also to encourage, by example, increased charity at all levels.Robert Rosen, the director of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, encourages all people to consider (26) ______(make)a “pledge” to charity. He says: “(27) ______not all of us can give away half of our wealth, the idea of the Giving Pledge can help encourage an important conversation with your spouse or family about (28) ______ is possible in terms of generosity and the positive impactthat giving can have on society.“Making a commitment of a pledge also means that you’re more likely to be proactive—deciding what your charity budget is, exploring what causes you feel enthusiastic about, and researching which organizations can ensure that your donations have the (29) ______(great) impact.“There’s no one size fits all for charity, but most of us can find ways to be more thoughtful and intentional about our giving, (30) ______ is really what making a pledge is all about.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists have some great news for those who love coffee, tea and wine: Having any of these drinks is 31with a healthier and more diverse(多样性) community of microbes(微生物) living in the gut(肠道).The opposite is true for consuming sugary drinks and whole milk, as well as for eating a lot of carbohydrates and taking 32 snacks, researchers reported in the journal Science.“In total we found 60 food-related factors that 33 diversity,” Dr. Alexandra Zhernakova, the first author of the study, said in a statement. Your microbiome is the community of mostly 34 bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on and in your body. These microscopic organisms help you 35 food and regulate your immune sys tem(免疫系统). Experts believe that the make-up of a person’s microbial community can also play a role in mood 36and other diseases.But the study of the microbiome is 37 new, and scientists are still working out exactly what a healthy microbiome looks like.After analyzing samples and comparing them with other data 38 , the scientists found that consuming fruits, vegetables and yogurt 39 influenced microbial diversity in the gut. So did drinking tea, wine, coffee and buttermilk.“It is becoming more and more clear that the gut mocrobiome serves as a sort of fingerprint that captures all kinds of 40 about host health,” Zhernakoval said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We consume more resources by a large amount, produce more waste, and cause more environmental problems than ever before. Fortunately, there are many ways that you can help give a response to the 41 effects that we destroy the environment. One of these is driving an electric car. This 42 not only the environment, but also individual drivers. Electric cars produce about 80 percent less pollution than cars with gas-powered motors. In fact, the only reason that electric cars produce any pollution is that their electric energy is generated by power plants—electric cars themselves 43 no exhaust. When energy comes from large sources such as power plants, it’seasier to control and 44 , so there’s less waste than if the energy is generated by many smaller sources, such as the gas engines in 45 cars.In addition, electric cars are just more 46 than gas-powered cars for several reasons. First, electric cars have regenerative braking, which means that when you use the brakes in an electric car, the battery has a chance to recharge.47 , when you brake in a gas-powered car, you actually use energy. Also, during the production of electric cars, more time and energy is spent making the design lighter so that there will be less drag from the wind. This allows them to travel farther using less energy than a gas-powered car would use to go the same 48 .Besides, there are also 49 and timesaving benefits for the electric car drivers. For one, the cost of charging an electric car is about 20 percent of the cost of gas, and electric cars require far less maintenance than gas-powered cars. There are fewer moving parts, so there are fewer 50 problems. Also, electric motors have far greater 51 than motors burning gas, so after the body of an electric car gives out, the engine can be reused in another body. Furthermore, the government is 52 electric car use by giving significant refunds for purchasing electric cars.Electric cars can also save people time. While gas-powered cars require visits to a mechanic every few months, the only routine maintenance required by electric cars is 53 the battery every four years. And California recently passed a law making it legal for drivers of electric cars to use the carpool(拼车)) lanes 54 —even if they are driving alone. This makes your trips much quicker and saves a considerable amount of time, especially in rush-hour traffic.Overall, there are 55 benefits of driving an electric car. It may take a little getting used to, but in the long run, the use of electric cars can help preserve the environment and give people more time and money to be put to better use.41. A. minor B. negative C. similar D. positive42. A. influences B. confuses C. attracts D. benefits43. A. send out B. absorb in C. mix up D. provide with44. A. supply B. monitor C. collect D. purchase45. A. experienced B. expensive C. individual D. remote46. A. economic B. suitable C. magical D. efficient47. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Instead48. A. speed B. distance C. direction D. weight49. A. financial B. environmental C. personnel D. political50. A. electrical B. mental C. operative D. potential51. A. productivity B. availability C. longevity D. intensity52. A. punishing B. introducing C. prohibiting D. encouraging53. A. buying B. repairing C. replacing D. investigating54. A. sometime B. in no time C. any time D. in time55. A. numerous B. limited C. certain D. reliableSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Mrs. Smith, an intelligent woman in her sixties, has suffered a serious stroke (中风), affecting the deeper and back portions of the right half of her brain.She sometimes complains to the nurses that they have not put coffee on her plate. When they say, “But, Mrs. Smith, it is right there, on the left,” she seems not to understand what they say, and does not look to the left. If her head is gently turned, so that the coffee comes into sight, in the right half of her visual field, she says, “Oh, there it is—it wasn’t there before.” She has totally lost the idea of “left”, both with regard to the world and her own body. Sometimes she complains that her portions are too small, but this is because she only eats from the right half of her plate. Sometimes, she will make up the right half of her face, leaving the left half completely neglected. It is impossible to treat these things, because her attention cannot be drawn to them and she has no idea that they are wrong. She knows it intellectually (智力上), and can understand, and laugh; but it is impossible for her to know it directly.Knowing it intellectually, she has worked out strategies for dealing with her imperfection. She cannot look left, directly, she cannot turn left, so what she does is to turn right—and right through a circle. And now if she cannot find something which she knows should be there, she turns to the right, through a circle, until it comes into view. She finds this very successful if she cannot find her coffee or something the like.It would seem far simpler for her to rotate (旋转) the plate herself. But it is very difficult. It does not come naturally, but turning round in her chair does, because her looking, her attention and her movements are all now instinctively to the right.56. Why can’t Mrs. Smith understand what the nurses say?A. She can’t hear them.B. She can’t feel with the left hand.C. She can’t turn her head.D. She can’t see things on the left.57. The word “they” in the second paragraph refers to _____.A. the nursesB. the ideasC. the thingsD. the attentions58. She has coped with her trouble by _____.A. rotating the plateB. turning right through a circleC. using her right eyeD. leaving the left half neglected59. What can be learned about Mrs. Smith from the passage?A. She has perfectly preserved intelligence and humour.B. She doesn’t realize that she has lost the idea of “left”.C. She has had the right-hand side of her brain removed.D. She can hardly move around because of the brain operation.(B)60. What is “the Great Courses” mentioned above?A. An educational website.B. A DVD on historic events.C.A discounted textbook.D. A school with various subjects.61. The course is suitablefor the following EXCEPT ________.A. those who are interested in human historyB. those who have little regular time for studyC. those who want to achieve high scores in this courseD. those who hope to save some money for online learning62. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a course.B. To explore human history.C. To tell some stories.D. To promote a product.(C)Our days are filled with continual interruptions. Email, texts, meetings, needy colleagues—and the list goes on. Many companies even encourage us to perform multiple things at once, creating open office spaces that promote impromptu(临时的) dialogues to go along with jobs that require us to handle totally different tasks at the same time.But a growing number of researchers say that trying to perform multiple tasks makes you less productive. It turns out that you get more done when you focus on a single task.That’s because our brains are hardwired to do one thing at a time. When we think we are multi-tasking, we’re really not. Instead, as far as our brains are concerned, we are fully switching back and forth between tasks.Doing that repeatedly tires out the brain and lowers cognitive(认知的) ability, research shows. “It’s never multitasking,” says Devora Zack, author of the book Singletasking. “And it completely backfires in every sense of the word.”Multitasking “produces shallower thinking, reduces creativity, increases errors and lowers our ability to block irrelevant information,” says Dr. Sandra Bond Chapman, founder and chief director, Center for BrainHealth at The University of Texas at Dallas. Because the brain was not built to multitask, over time it can lead to heightened levels of stress and depression and lower overall intellectual capacity, she says.Yet despite mounting evidence that multitas king isn’t effective, old attitudes combined with new technology make multitaskingpopular in most work places.We have ourselves to blame, in part. When we do a lot of things at once, say, answering emails while writing a report or taking a call while we’r e in a meeting, it makes us feel busy and productive, says Dr. Christine Carter, executive director of the Greater Good Science Center at the University of California, Berkeley.“Busyness is a sign of importance, which serves the old guard,” says Carter. “There is the myth(误区) that the more time you spend in the office, the better worker you are.”She sees that attitude as a hangover from the prime of industrialization when we clocked in and out of factories and offices. Back then the myth was manageable, because people usually left work at the office when they went home in the evenings. “The whole thing got blown out of balance with the rise of laptops and email,” she says.“Complicating matters,” writes Chapman, “technology is actually rewiring our brains to be addicted to interruption, as we anxiously wait for the next ping signaling a new email, text or social media post.” In other words, like any addiction, even though we know interruptions are bad for us, they are hard to switch off.“We suffer as a s ociety from scattered brain syndrome(综合症)", says Singletasking author Zack. "It’s everywhere—throughout our work lives and personal lives."63. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?A. Multitasking works well in offices.B. Multitasking produces opposite effect.C. Multitasking is unavoidably a trend of today.D. Multitasking has both advantages and disadvantages.64. According to the passage, which of the following is not among the negative effects ofmultitasking?A. Reducing creativity.B. Getting distracted.C. Increasing stress.D. Feeling unimportant.65. Dr. Christine Carter’s holds the view that________.A. busyness is a sign of importanceB. things have changed with the rise of laptops and emailC. technology is resetting our brains to get used to interruptionD. the more time you spend in the office, the better worker you are66. What can best describethe author’s opinion aboutmultitasking?A. Popular but harmful.B. Once addicted, always addicted.C.Technology helps.D. Multi or single, still a question.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The joy of travel comes in discovery. Planting your feet somewhere you’ve never been brings with it the rush of exploration and the happiness of pushing back on the boundaries of your world.Follow these steps and see the world differently.Get a bird’s-eye view.67 Whether it’s from an observation deck in a high-rise, a lookout on a hiking trail, or in the basket of a hot air balloon, climb up as high as you can and look out upon your new land.68As soon as your plane lands in a new place, immediately start asking questions to everyone you come across. The taxi driver, the hotel clerk, the waitress—these people are invaluable sources of knowledge waiting to be tapped. Simple questions such as “What do you think I should do tomorrow?” will allow you to see the place through their eyes, and you’ll walk away with a handful of ideas.Forget the big camera.Try switching to a pocket camera. 69 It gets you out of the habit of observing and recording and into participating and interacting.Pull the camera from your pocket, shoot the photo you want and then conceal it again.Plan only one thing per day.It’s tempting to plan out every inch of your trip in order to experience as much as you can.70 Leave yourself open to recommendations and unexpected things to happen. Try planning only one activity a day and let your exploration guide the rest.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Hot Pot of DebateThe strong smell of the famous Sichuan cooking floods into local streets. Along with all the flavors, however, a wave of panic is in the air.Sichuan cuisine(美食) is facing a crisis.It seems surprising to hear such concern, since Sichuan cuisine has been conquering the world and gaining considerable popularity abroad as China’s favorite out-of-home dining.But according to some old and experienced cooks, the rapid growth has worsenedthe cuisine. Many cooks now are pursuing spicier and spicier food, ignoring the great variety of the cuisine. Thus, the simplification of tastes has created a crisis, sending a strong shocking wave into the time-honored but complex traditions.Early this year, I watched a young cook add green vegetable to Kung Pao Chicken, which should be a wonderful mix of chicken, peanuts, red chillies and spices.However, voices from many young cooks throws light onthe new demands on Sichuan cuisine in the modern time—“T here’s no survival without innovation.” They hold the view that we do have to maintain the tradition, but it’s not a dis play in a museum.What makes sense is that although Sichuanese cooking is classified as one of the eight great cuisines of China,its roots are quite shallow, so after over several centuries of trade and migration, outsiders brought in a variety of new ingredients and cooking techniques. These influences combined only several generations ago to create an unusually tasty cuisine.I believe t he attractiveness of Sichuan cuisine is that it’s a big melting pot. Whatever is attractive in other cuisines, it can be absorbed and adaptedto Sichuan cuisine. It’s not right to judge who is right and who is wrong, but it is clear that we should preserve the essence of tradition, while meeting modern expectations as well.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72．虽然气温低，他还是和平日一样出门跑步了。
2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区南汇中学高三上英语期中试卷解析
2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区南汇中学高三上英语期中试卷解析II: Grammar and Vocabulary:Section A:Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.For the first time, airline passengers have been blacklisted for uncivilized behavior. Their names (1)____________(remain) on the blacklist for one or two years, according to an announcement by the China Air Transport Association on Saturday. The blacklisting means they will not be able to travel by air (2)____________their names are removed from the list.Blacklisting passengers (3)____________disobey the rules for travelling by air and so place their own interests before everything else, including safety, has long been overdue.There have been frequent reports of passengers (4)____________(make) a scene when their flight was delayed or when they believed that they were not treated (5)____________they should be on a flight.Yet it is natural for some flights (6)____________ (delay) because of reasons such as bad weather or mechanical problems that need to be solved. However, some passengers seem to take (7)____________for granted that their flight must take off at the time (8)____________(state) on their ticket, and they even assume that the members of the cabin crew are simply there to do their bidding(吩咐).They forget that they (9)____________behave themselves in the first place and that respect is reciprocal (互相给与的).Observing rules can never be over-emphasized when it comes to flight safety. No one has the right to disregard the rules for any reason. Of course, airlines should provide quality services to meet the needs of passengers. Yet, (10)____________ ____________passengers are not satisfied with the service provided, there is still no reason for them to flout the rules that are designed for the safety of all.The blacklisting of these three passengers should serve for others to know they have to toe the line (顺从集体).【答案】 1.will remain 2.until 3.who 4.making 5. as6. To be delayed7.it8.stated9.should 10.even if【解析】1.考查谓语动词时态语态。
上海市浦东新区2016-2017学高三第一学期期中联考英语试题
2016学年度第一学期中普高联考高三英语（时间120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：1．本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3．答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。
第I卷（1-20小题，31-70小题）由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第21-30小题，summary writing和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
第Ⅰ卷（110分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speak ers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gymnasium. B. In a sports club.C. In a shoe exhibition.D. In a department store.2. A. He’ll keep them for the woman. B. He can carry them with one hand.C. He’ll help the woman move them.D. He has a few more of them for the woman.3. A. At 4:30. B. At 5:00. C. At 7:00. D. At 7:30.4. A. Mother and son. B. Boss and secretary. C. Doctor and patient. D. Teacher and student.5. A. To get a doctor’s degree. B. To tell the doctor she’ll be late.C. T o make an appointment.D. To ask someone to repair her car.6. A. He doesn’t intend to get the clothes. B. The clothes don’t look clean to him.C. The woman can pick out her own clothes.D. The woman should stop staring at his clothes.7. A. To find out more about the topic for the conference.B. To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C. To get the conference schedule for the woman.D. To pick up the woman from the library.8. A. An outdoor activity. B. The view of a lake.1C. The weather forecast.D. The benefits of swimming.9. A. The news about Sam is quite a surprise. B. Sam should have stopped playing earlier.C. S am’s knee should be better by now.D. This isn’t a good time for Sam to quit.th the woman any more.10. A. He doesn’t agree wiB. People shouldn’t sit too much without exercise.C. Health problems make his colleagues sit too much.D. Attention should be paid to people’s health problems.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked three or four questions on each of the passages or the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. 1 person. B. 11 people. C. 12 people. D. 22 people.12. A. China is the only foreign country that invests in Mozambique.B. The cause of the bus accident in California is already made clear.C. The death of Isabelle Dinoire was related to the face transplant 11 years ago.D. Isabelle Dinoire was the first in the world who received partial face transplant.13. A. China’s strategy to send more people to Mozambique.B. China’s plan to help Mozambique build an industrial zone.C. China’s efforts to increase the number of parks in Mozambique.D. China’s challenges in the development of Mozambique’s economy.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To show us the negative effects of depression.B. To help us understand the cause of depression.C. To tell us the importance of handling depression.D. To share with us the ways to conquer depression.15. A. Doing violent sports regularly. B. Telling what we think to someone we trust.C. Setting high standards for ourselves.D. Focusing on both our successes and problems.16. A. I t’s common and easy to get rid of. B. It’s terrible but difficult to understand.C. It’s harmful but possible to overcome.D. It’s normal and unnecessary to focus on. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.217. A. The advantages of reality TV shows. B. The disadvantages of reality TV shows.C. Their experiences in reality TV shows.D. Their different views on reality TV shows.18. A. Ordinary People. B. Famous people. C. Stupid people. D. Popular people.19. A. Most of the situations are not real. B. Some of them are too touching.C. They are full of tension and drama.D. She will never get into such situations.20. A. They are amusing but sometimes harmful.B. They are a form of ―gossip entertainment‖．C. They can entertain and sometimes educate people.D. They can make people know more about nature.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s time to go out for a run!As little as five minutes of running or jogging each day can help people reduce their risk ofpremature death by nearly one-third and extend their lives by about three years, according to a U.S.study.The researchers tracked the exercise habits of over 55,000 adults in the United States for six totwenty-two years. About 24 percent of the adults described themselves (21)_____ runners. Comparedto those who didn’t run, those who did were 30 percent (22)_____(likely) to die of any cause during thesmoking andcourse of the study. These figures (23)_____(adjust) to take into account people’ｓdrinking habits, how old they were (24)_____ they enrolled in the study, their family’s hea and their other exercise habits.The researchers divided up the roughly 13,000 runners into five groups (25)_____(base) on howmany minutes they ran per week. Those (26)_____ were in the lowest group ran up to 50 minutes overa seven-day period, and those in the highest group ran for more than 175 minutes over the course of aweek. According to the study, the benefits of running were pretty much the same for all runners.the ―Running e ven at lower doses or slower speeds was associated with significant benefits,‖ researchers wrote in their report. (27)_____(reduce) the risk of premature death, they calculated, all ittook was 30 to 59 minutes of running per week.―This finding has clinical and public health importance,‖ the report continues. ―Time strongest barriers to (28)_____(participate) in physical activity. This study may motivate more people3to start running. People who (29)_____ hardly devote 20 minutes to moderate physical activity eachday may appreciate the efficiency of a five-minute run.‖ However, it is not clear (30)_____ the findingsof this study would apply to the nation as a whole.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. acceptB. individuallyC. destroyD. schemeE. uniqueF. absolutelyG. extraordinaryH. destructionI. presentJ. eventuallyK. pointThe common wisdom is that introverts (内向的人) and extroverts (外向的人) do not work welltogether. This wisdom, as author Jennifer Kahnweiler makes clear in her new book, The Genius of Opposites, is 31 correct in the sense that cooperation is often going to be difficult, filled withbattles and miscommunications, and sometimes deliberate 32 .Somehow, however, the introvert-extrovert partnerships produced 33 results. The key tosuch success, according to Kahnweiler, is the five-step process at the heart of her book.differences. If introverted and The first step, Kahnweiler argues, is to 34 each other’sextroverted people want to partner, they have to realize they will never change the personality of theother person. Instead, each partner has to make a conscious effort to understand the other.The second step is that battles don’t have to be avoided. Instead, they can be the means through which each partner is challenged by the other; resulting in solutions that are better than those that mighthave been developed 35 .The third step is to cast the character. Because there are two very different personalities in the partnership, partners should take on the roles that best fit their 36 personalities.is to 37 the dislike. Two people with opposite personalities must Kahnweiler’s fourth stepwork on learning to respect and like each other as much as possible.The fifth and final step is that each can’t offer everything. Introvert-extrovert consulting partnerships are often powerful because neither partner could offer customers all they want—but thetwo partners working together are able to 38 a much more various but complementary (互补的)product or service.For each step, Kahnweiler covers why that particular step is important. Also, Kahnweiler writes, amajor conflict can actually be a turning 39 in the relationship, paving the way to a productive cooperation. However, battles can also deal fatal blows to introvert-extrovert cooperation. If partnersdon’t bring out the obvious problems, the result can 40 destroy the partnership.4The Genius of Opposites is filled with stories of conflicts, most resolved through an effort at communication and a foundation of respect.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Advantages of an AgendaAn agenda is a list of topics to be introduced and discussed during a meeting. Agendas generallyinclude a reading of the last meeting’s minutes or notes, relevant announcements, a review of the topics for discussion and a roll call. Although agendas take time to set up, in the long run they can 41time and resources.Agendas provide an outline of discussion topics. The outline 42 the chairman or members ofthe meeting forgetting important topics to introduce. When all topics are thoroughly discussed,valuable decisions can be made as a group during the meeting instead of 43 making plans outsidethe meeting.Agendas provide an opportunity to 44 members through announcements about criticalevents, goals and tasks. Agendas enable members who might not have access to everyone in the organization to announce important news and hear news of interest. Without an agenda, announcementsmay not be communicated to all the members, which can result in 45 . Agendas also summarize46 meetings to help members review the progress made and 47 the focus for the currentmeeting.Agendas generally mention items to be discussed for the next meeting. This gives the members achance to 48 the discussion topics before the meeting. At many meetings, outspoken membersare more than eager to participate while reserved individuals may be more 49 . However, knowingwhat is going to be discussed enables members to research topics of interests, 50 how the topicsapply to their area and then make thoughtful, quality contributions at the meeting.An agenda prioritizes the most important activities, 51 productivity and focuses themembers. The mere presence of an agenda creates a formal atmosphere and discourages members from52 time. The agenda prepares the chairman and encourages consistency (一致性) and organization.An agenda also sets the objectives and gives the members a goal. This organizes the thoughts of themembers, direction of the meeting and the action after the meeting.A collection of past agendas is an ideal 53 for external and internal institutions, organizations and the public for viewing the progress of your organization. The documentation helps5the public and organization members assess 54 decisions, remind them of previous events or important figures and set feasible goals. The roll call also helps administration determine the most dedicated members by counting 55 and reviewing contributions to the meeting. This can help with decisions on which members to promote or assign the role of addressing the public.41. A. take B. limit C. save D. invest42. A. finds B. suggests C. sets D. prevents43. A. hurriedly B. favorably C. confidently D. nervously44. A. warn B. question C. assure D. inform45. A. coincidence B. confusion C. agreement D. criticism46. A. previous B. crucial C. annual D. regular47. A. shift B. narrow C. lose D. find48. A. choose B. keep C. prepare D. handle49. A. hesitant B. realistic C. active D. curious50. A. insist on B. believe in C. approve of D. think about51. A. restores B. influences C. reduces D. increases52. A. sparing B. wasting C. gaining D. devoting53. A. record B. situation C. alternative D. combination54. A. tough B. right C. past D. final55. A. numbers B. attendance C. losses D. moneySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The composing career of Albert Roussel got off to a wayward start, and received one of its biggest advances from a lie.Roussel was orphaned at the age of eight and went to live with his grandfather. He built on the music he had learned from his mother, entertaining himself by reading through the family music collection and playing operatic selections and popular songs on the piano.sister took him in. Her husband Three years later Roussel’sgrandfather died, and his mother’sarranged for young Albert to take piano lessons. Summer vacations at a Belgian seaside resort added a6second love to his life—the sea. He studied to be a naval cadet (军官学校学员), but still made time tostudy music.In the French Navy, while he was stationed on a cruiser based at Cherbourg, he and two friendsfound the time to play the piano trios (三重奏) of Beethoven and other composers. Roussel also begancomposing. At the Church of the Trinity in Cherbourg on Christmas Day 1892, he had his first publicperformance as a composer with the performance of his Andante for string trio and organ.That success encouraged Roussel to write a wedding march, and one of his fellow naval officersoffered to show it to an outstanding conductor, Edouard Colonne. When Roussel’s friend returned the manuscript (手稿), he reported that Colonne had advised Roussel to give up his naval career anddevote his life to music.Not long afterward, at the age of 25, Roussel did just that. He applied the self-discipline,conciseness, and spirituality that he had developed in the navy to his composing and became a majorforce in twentieth century French music. As for Eduoard Colonne’s inspiring advice that Rousseldevote his life to music—Roussel’s navy friend later admitted that he had made it up and that he hadnever even shown Roussel’s manuscript to the conductor.56. From ―a wayward start‖ in Paragraph 1, we know Albert Roussel’s composing career _____.A. was a great success at firstB. was inspired early in every wayC. was unpredictable in the beginningD. was a happy one because of a lie57. Who first brought music to Roussel’s life?A. His mother.B. His grandfather.C. His piano teacher.D. His fellow naval officer.58. Why did Roussel join the Navy?A. He didn’t want to live with his mother’s sister.B. He loved the sea because of his holidays.C. He wanted to practice music with his friends.D. He thought it could help him create music.59. The following factors except _____ led to his success as a composer.A. his love for musicB. the conductor’s inspiring adviceC. his navy friend’s lieD. the good qualities acquired in the navy( B)GETTING A GRANTWho pays?The local education authority (LEA) for the area in which the student is living.Who can get this money?7Anyone who gets a place on a first degree course, although a student who has already attended acourse of advanced further education may not. Students must also have been resident in the UKfor at least three years, which can exclude some students from overseas.SPECIAL CASESIf a student has worked before going to college?A student who is 26 or more before the course starts and who has worked for at least three of the615 atprevious six years will get extra money –￡155 a year if 26, increasing to a maximum of ￡29 or more.If a student is handicapped?500 to help meet extra expenses – such as buying a tape recorder for a blindLEAs will give up to ￡student, extra heating or special food.Banking?Most of the big banks offer special services to students who open accounts (in the hope that theywill stay with the bank when they become rich officials). A student won’t usually have to pay ban100 orcharges as long as the account stays in credit. Some banks allow students to overdraw by ￡so, and still don’t make charges (though they do charge interest).60. The underlined phrase ―a grant‖ in the first line most probably means _____.A. bank interestB. a credit cardC. an education feeD. financial aid61. A 31-year-old nurse wishes to qualify as a doctor at a university. She has worked since she was 25.How much extra money will she get a year?A.None.B. ￡155.C. ￡615.D. ￡515.62. A big bank offers a new student special services because _____.A. they need student accounts badlyB. they charge students extra interestC. they know he can get money regularlyD. they hope he’ll be a potential customer(C)Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space. An ad inprime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5,000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minutereport on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a shorttime and new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaperreview of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates8independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they skim through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewerin number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning ofits 123-year-old company logo. To fight this negative publicity, the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor(谣言). The false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, publicity became so troublemaking that Procter & Gamble decided to remove thelogo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced ornew store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it wouldaid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.63. All of the following advantages of publicity are mentioned EXCEPT _____.A. time savingB. attentivenessC. profitabilityD. credibility64. Compared with ad, news report or featuring stories are more _____.A. believableB. clearC. dependentD. subjective65. The example of ―Procter & Gamble‖ is given to show _____.A. the efficient way of disproving rumorsB. the importance of a spokespersonC. the interaction between firms and mediaD. the negative effect of publicity66. What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity?A. Doubtful.B. Objective.C. Passive.D. Supportive.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The discount is by far the better, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent.B. So retailers often take advantage of shoppers’ preference for discounting.9C. One is to confuse them with double discounting.D. The main reason is that most people are useless at fractions (分数).E. They even control some irrelevant factors to make the studies more convincing.F. Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just pricing, says Mr Rao.The Psychology of DiscountingWhen retailers (零售商) want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typicallyoffer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, they aremissing a trick.A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota’sCarlson School of Management, looked at consumers’ attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. 67 .Consumers often struggle to realize, for example, that a 50% increase in quantity is the same as a33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly assume the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion (护手霜) when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an equivalent discount.This numerical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly favours the discounted product. Inanother experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr Rao offered two deals on loose coffee beans:33% extra free or 33% off the price. 68 .Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers’ mathematical illiteracy.69 . People are more likely to see a bargain in a product that has been reduced by 20%, and then byan additional 25%, than one which has been subject to an equivalent, one-off, 40%reduction.70 . When advertising a new car’s efficiency, for example, it is more convincing to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage fall in fuel consumption.There may be lessons for regulators too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably displayed unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passagein no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An Italian company has told staff to stop sending any internal emails for a week in an effort toreduce stress levels.10Home textiles (纺织品) company Gabel, based in the northern Como region, asked an expert tointerview its employees about what their main concerns were at work, the local La Provincia di Comowebsite reports. Many said that managing the huge volume of internal emails was a burden during thesomewhat ironicallyworking day. That made the company’s management propose a solution, which—(讽刺地)—was sent to all staff in an email.―Together we will begin the following experiment, which will take us back in time to when peopleweek until 13managing director Emilio Colombo wrote, declaring an ―email free‖ talked more,‖ November. ―We invite you not to use email for internal communications (between colleagues at thesame location), in favour of a more direct and immediate contact.‖The company’s president, Michele Moltrasio, tells the BBC it hasn’t been easy to stop such adeep-rooted practice, even temporarily, but that employees have welcomed the challenge. ―They arerediscovering the pleasure of meeting and talking rather than writing,‖ he says. And that includes MrMoltrasio, who is avoiding emails along with everyone else. ―Even if from next week we all go back to using email, these days of experimentation are very worthwhile, to understand and rethink the methodsand pace of working,‖ he says.Several recent studies have found that a high volume of emails raises stress levels at work. In 2013,researchers said that a full inbox (收件箱) led to peaks in people’s blood pressure and heart rate. Andlast year, a study at the University of British Columbia found that limiting email use during the daylowered people’s stress levels significantly.11第Ⅱ卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你有可能劝服他不去美国吗？(persuade)2. 这个会议只是浪费了大家时间，根本什么决定都没做成。
2018浦东新区高中英语三模（含答案）
2018浦东新区⾼中英语三模（含答案）浦东新区2017学年三模质量检测⾼三英语试卷（满分：140 完卷时间：120分钟）第⼀卷I. Listening Comprehension (25分)Section A - Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. She didn’t like the food the man prepared.B. She does prefer spicy food.C. She thinks the man spent too much time cooking.D. She is annoyed with the man.2. A. He hadn’t noticed any change in David.B. David looks different without a beard.C. David looks nicer without a beard.D. He hasn’t seen David for a long time.3. A. The paper should be completed by next Friday.B. Only the first part of the term paper is due next Friday.C. Some students didn’t finish their term paper on time.D. Some students haven’t started their paper yet.4. A. Lucy didn’t attend the party.B. It was cancelled at the last minute.C. Lucy’s friends did much of the work.D. The man wasn’t invited.5. A. Buy a ticket for the man. B. Watch a live game.C. Go to the man’s home.D. Sell the man her ticket.6. A. She’d rather take a direct train.B. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes.C. It doesn’t take long to get to New York.D. Taking a plane might be more practical.7. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes.C. Have his jeans altered.D. Wear clothes that fit more tightly.8. A. Souvenirs. B. Books. C. A shaver. D. Cosmetics.9. A. Something unusual happened in the laboratory.B. The laboratory should never be locked.C. The laboratory is generally unlocked on Friday afternoon.D. The man didn’t have the key to the laboratory.10. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed C. Disappointed. D. Surprised.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following conversation.11. A. Teaching staff. B. Environmentalists.C. School cleaners.D. College students.12. A. It keeps track of how clean or populated the air is on an hour-to-hour basis.B. The Environmental Protection Agency made the Clean Air Act.C. People in Atlanta, Georgia, may be feeling the effects of poor air quality today.D. Sensitive groups of people may not feel sick until the AQI reaches 150.13. A. Checking the AQI before going outside.B. Limiting outdoor activities every day.C. Staying home on high level days.D. No exercising on high level days.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.14. A. Smart home technology. B. Advanced computers.C. Google Home.D. Defence industry.15. A. Technology can help homeowners look in on pets when they are away.B. Smart home devices can foresee big storms before they happen.C. There’s possibility that you talk with someone at your door while you areaway.D. Smart home devices can be controlled from both inside and outside yourhome.16. A. The information they store in the computer.B. Leaks and flooding caused by storms.C. The security of the smart home devices.D. The safety of their pet dogs at home.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Forest fires. B. The history of a coastal city.C. Coastal redwood trees.D. The city of San Francisco.18. A. In California.B. In the north of San Francisco.C. In MuriWoods National Monument.D. Not mentioned.19. A. 350 years. B. 400 years. C. 800 years. D. 2000 years.20. A. The costal redwoods are the tallest living things.B. The coastal redwoods prefer foggy climate.C. The coastal redwoods are resistant to forest fires.D. The costal redwoods are the oldest living things in the world.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Harmony and balance are perhaps the (21)______(important) qualities of all, for they serve as the foundation for the(22)______(remain) qualities. When you possess true inner harmony, what you think, say, feel, and do is one. We are so accustomed to this split-screen state of mind in (23)______ we think one thing, say another, feel something else, and act in a way that has nothing to do with what we just thought, said, or (24)______(feel). When your thoughts, feelings, words, and actions are not (25)________ harmony, it shows up as an imbalance -- you feel uncomfortable, you sense something is off, so you find it difficult to make rational, calm decisions. This is why these two qualities are (26) ________ pair.To make sure these two qualities are present in your life, you need to pay attention to your feelings. Observe and listen to the words you use -- the actions that you take (27)______(be) perfect reflections of the thoughts you think. If you maintain this awareness, you will notice when you are out of harmony/balance. When you detect an imbalance, you are to stop(28)______ it is you are about to say or do and investigate the location of it. Take not when you feel agitated -- it’s a sign of impairment. (29)______ you read the definition of balance again -- a state of emotional and rational(理性的) stability in which you are calm and able to make sound decisions -- you will understand (30)______ it is an essential cornerstone to a lifetime of correct and powerful behavior.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Forbes list, now in its eighth year, identified 74 people -- one for every 100 million on the planet –whose actions have the most impact across the world. Factors taken into ___31___ include the amount of people a person has power over, the financial resources they control, whether they have influence in more than one sphere, and how ___32___ they wield their power to change the world.This year, 28 members of the list serve as chief executives of major companies. The top ten of those CEOs -- all of whom are American -- run firms with a ___33___ market capitalization of $3tn, Forbes reports.Vladimir Putin has beaten Donald Trump to ___34___ Forbes magazine’s annual l ist of the world’s most powerful people, taking the number one spot for the third consecutive year. Trump’s ___35___ to second from number 69 last year is thebiggest ever on the list. Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor, ___36___ the most powerful woman, at number 3. The British Prime Minister, Theresa May, is a new addition to the list at number 13, replacing her predecessor David Cameron, who was ranked at number 8 last year. Barack Obama drops to 48."Forbes's list this year of the world's most powerful people ___37___ rapid and profound change happening around the globe," said David Ewalt, Forbes contributing editor. "The biggest trend this year is ___38___ the rise to power of Donald Trump, as well as the increasing power of his supporters and allies."Trump, who last week was named TIME's Person of the Year, has continued to stoke ___39___ over his relationship with the Russian leader, in part by dismissing CIA reports of Russian intervention in the US presidential election.Unfolding events in the White House, as well as those in Aleppo and Europe, including Britain’s vote to leave the European Union, have made 2016 a significant year for Putin, who has helped ___40___ the global landscape.III. Reading comprehension (45分)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If the law punished addiction, we would all be in prison because we are addicted to our phones.We’re hopelessly distracted by them, helplessly devoted to them. Our hands and minds are ___41___: texting, tweeting, liking, emailing, sharing. We find ourselves ___42___ stimulated (刺激).My iPhone is the last thing I look at when I go to bed and the first thing I look at when I ___43___. When it’s not there I feel its absence like an amputee (被截肢者) still feeling a(n) ___44___ leg. It is my entry to culture and fun. I love it. You love yours. But the comment on this enormous ___45___ in our behavior has been completely ___46___. The central claim is that technology makes us ___47___ what we already know about life, and it ___48___ us developing fully independent selves. And the quality of human relationships is said to have ___49___. Parents are distracted by work emails at the dinner table and in the playground; children cry for ___50___ until they finally get an iPad for Christmas. Gatherings of old friends can’t do a couple of hours ___51___ checking their Gmail every 10 minutes. Technology sucks the life out of us, and takes our souls in ___52___ for the convenience of nothaving to learn how to read maps properly.I simply do not buy the idea that we aren’t fully whole due to our phones, just because we can talk to our friends whenever we want, without any ___53___ for the limitations that space and ___54___ used to set on us. This helps us to get___55___. It doesn’t set us apart.Therefore, we will film. We will photograph. We will edit. We will delete, like, love and envy. Finally, in our own strange way, we will control our heavily doctored lives.41. A. lost B. vacant C. occupied D. awkward42. A. commonly B. constantly C. usually D. ordinarily43. A. get home B. have dinner C. wake up D. go out44. A. healthy B. remaining C. artificial D. missing45. A. consequence B. interest C. challenge D. shift46. A. changeable B. negative C. consistent D. inspiring47. A. rebuild B. review C. forgive D. forget48. A. prevents B. keeps C. suggests D. finds49. A. benefited B. balanced C. suffered D. improved50. A. happiness B. discipline C. attention D. freedom51. A. after B. upon C. by D. without52. A. request B. exchange C. preparation D. search53. A. anxiety B. consideration C. demand D. eagerness54. A. chance B. time C. energy D. effort55. A. stronger B. smarter C. greater D. closerSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Fun is hard to have.Fun is a rare jewel.Somewhere along the line people got the modern idea that fun was there for the asking, that people deserved fun, that if we didn’t have a little fun every day, we would turn into puritans (清教徒).“Was it fun?” became the question that overshadowed all other questions. When the pleasure got to be the main thing, the fun fetish(迷恋) was sure to follow. Everything was supposed to be fun. If it wasn’t fun, then we were going to make it fun, or else.Think of all the things that got the reputation of being fun. Family outings were supposed to be fun. Education was supposed to be fun. Work was supposed to be fun. Walt Disney, church and staying fit were supposed to be fun.Fun got to be such a big thing that everybody started to look for more and more。
2017-2018学年第一学期高三英语期中试题资料
2017-2018学年度第一学期高三英语期中试题第一部分听力(共两节;满分30分)第一节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白，后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。
听完每段话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读两遍。
听第1段材料, 回答第1-2题.1.How much luggage does the woman have ?A. one camaraB. two bagsC. None2.What’s the possible relation between the two speakers?A. Shop assistant and customerB. customs officer and travelerC. Repairman and customer听第2段材料, 回答第3-4题.3. Where is the woman interested in going?A. New YorkB. BostonC. New York and Boston4.What dost the woman think of the first train ?A.It will arrive too lateB. The ticket is too expensiveC. It will leave the next morning听第3段材料, 回答第5-6题.5.Where does the conversation most probably take place ?A. In a shop B .At a tailor’s C. In a hotel6.What time will the man get the clothes ?A. at 9 tomorrow morningB. at 9 :30tomorrow morningC. before 9 tomorrow morning.听第4段材料, 回答第7-9题.7.What happened to the man ？A.He found his house was broken into .B. He locked himself outB. C. He forgot to lock the front door8.When did he lock all the windows ?A. On Saturday.B. On FridayC. On Friday night9.What is the woman most probably going to do?A. To look around .B. To talk to othersC. To ask more questions听第5段材料, 回答第10_12题.10.Wh y can’t the man find Susan’s home?A.Because he hasn’t been told how to get thereB.Because he forgot to bring the map Susan gave himC.Because he is so forgetful that he can’t remember her address .11.Where is the bank ?A.It is near the bus stop .B. It is on the corner beside the bus stopC. It is on the corner across the street .12.Wh ere is Susan’s house ?A. It is the seventh house from the corner on the man’s rightB. It is the seventh house from the corner on the man’s leftC.It is the seventeenth house from the corner on the man’s right.听第6段材料，回答第13-15题。
上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高三上学期期中质量检测英语试卷(含答案)
浦东新区2017-2018学年第一学期普通高中期中联考试卷高三英语总分：140分时间：120分钟I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.60minutes. B.45minutes. C.30minutes. D.15minutes.2. A.Classmates. B.Doctor and patient. C.Teacher and student.D.Father and daughter.3. A.Confident. B.Worried. C.Surprised. D.Annoyed.4. A.In a garden. B.At a picnic. C.In a supermarket. D.At a restaurant.5. A.The woman insisted on going out. B.The man was too tired to go out.C.The woman didn’t like watching TV.D.The man promised her a birthday party.6. A.She’s working on amath problem. B.She hasn’t decided when to go home.C.She is planning for her holiday.D.She’s eager to go home.7. A.He is healthy. B.He doesn’t like sound.C.He lacks sleep.D.He has psychological trouble.8. A.He dislikes the name of the novel. B.The novel is better than expected.C.He is disappointed with the novel.D.The novel is as interesting as its name.9. A.Miss Brown’s retirement. B.A special gift for Miss Brown.C.Miss Brown’s hobby.D.A photograph of their class.10. A.She loves going to work on foot. B.She has to save money for her journey.C.It takes her too much time to go to work.D.She dislikes the firm she worked in. Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear several longer conversation(s)and short passage(s),and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s)and the passage(s).The conversation(s)and the passage(s)will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.Service industry. B.Transportation industry.puter software design.D.Manufacturing companies.12. A.75%. B.45%. C.13%. D.12%.13. A.The better employment for new graduates.B.The relative comparison of various colleges.C.The job chances in service industry.D.The average starting pay of different jobs.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.To forbid kids to watch TV. B.To spend more time with their kids.C.To take kids out for fresh air.D.To join some outdoor organizations.15. A.Playing chess. B.Going hiking.C.Seeing movies.D.Reading books.16. A.Making kids free of trouble. B.Making kids better at observation.C.Making kids eat less.D.Making kids protect nature.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.To collect some material. B.To hand in her biology paper.C.To make a birthday plan.D.To work on her biology paper.18. A.Tomorrow. B.This weekend C.Next Monday. D.Next weekend.19. A.Sue is going to California for the weekend.B.Sue’s family is too big to be close to each other.C.Around90people will attend the family reunion.D.The family will celebrate her grandma’s80th birthday.20. A.By guarding their nest. B.By using their sense of smell.C.By seeing whether it is familiar.D.By determining if it’s interesting.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Since its creation in2010,the Giving Pledge(乐施誓约)has been signed by154 billionaires—ages30to100,from16countries,with(21)______(combine)wealth of nearly$800 billion—a sum greater than the gross domestic product(国民生产总值)of most countries.These individuals(22)______(promise)to donate at least$400billion of their money to help others generously.Many other wealthy individuals and families who fall below the billionaire class also(23) ______(contribute)large sums to charity—without sacrificing their ability to take care of(24) ______and their beloved ones in their chosen lifestyles.But what about the rest of us?The vast majority of Americans cannot afford to give away half of their net worth(净资产)and still be in a position(25)______(meet)their essential needs.The original intention of the Giving Pledge was not only to create a group of billionaire charitarians,but also to encourage,by example,increased charity at all levels.Robert Rosen,the director of the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation,encourages all people to consider(26)______(make)a“pledge”to charity.He says:“(27)______not all of us can give away half of our wealth,the idea of the Giving Pledge can help encourage an important conversation with your spouse or family about(28)______is possible in terms of generosity and。
上海市上海中学2017-2018学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案
上海中学2017-2018学年高三英语期中考试试卷17. Roman Empire ________ for centuries.A.has existedB. existedC. had existedD. was existedrge quantities of petrol ________ used every year, causing a lot of pollution. What we need ________ green vehicles.A.is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is19.Out ________, with the ________ money in his hand.A.did he rush; remainedB. he was rushing; remainingC. rushed he; remainedD. he rushed; remaining20.________ like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory, Singapore‟s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.A.LookedB. LookingC. To lookD. Being looked21.________is known to all is that the invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.A.What; made it possibleB. As; made it possibleC. It; made possibleD. What; made possible22.So involved in making false accounting ________ that I don‟t think this business partner is worthy ________.A.has he become; of being trustedB. he has become; to be trustedC. he becomes; to trustD. is he becoming; of trusting23.When we first arrived in ________ Detroit twenty years ago, the car production then was only one-tenth ________ it is now.A. what is now; whatB. where is now; asC. now is; thatD. which now is; than24.________ last week, she lived a quiet and happy life in that area.A.Not until the earth-moving machines cameB.The earth-moving machines cameC.Until the earth-moving machines cameD.Then came the earth-moving machines(A)Vegetarians are people who don‟t eat any animals. In the past, vegetarians was uncommon, but recently more and more people are choosing a vegetarian diet. In the USA alone there are about 13 million people ____25____ (call) themselves vegetarians and that number is expected to reach 25 million by the year 2015. There are many reasons why people think it makes sense not ____26____ (eat) animals. They can be related to religion, health, ethical or ecological concerns.People with a religious background avoid eating meat. Buddhists believe that human beings ____27____ not kill animals. Muslims and Jews don‟t have pork. Some people are becoming worried about the safety of eating meat because of the way it is farmed. Certain chemicals are used to make animals grow fast and many animals are fed food ____28____ is not part of their natural diet.Another reason for choosing to give up meat is ____29____ they consider farming animals for food is wrong and that animals have rights to live on as man does.The last major reason is ecological. Raising animals wastes natural resources ____30____ (fast) than growing crops. Much rainforest has been cleared to make farmland to raise animals for food.Human beings have always eaten meat, ____31____ there is a growing movement towards vegetarianism. ____32____ the reason you have for not eating meat, vegetarianism can make much sense.(B)Type the words “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” into an online search engine and in less than a second you will be looking at a sparkling vista of trees erupting in a starburst of pale blossom like an ____33____ (explode) firework. The phrase is the title of an Impressionist oil painting by the French master Claude Monet that belongs to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. According to the museum‟s website, the painting ____34____ (complete) in 1873 in Argenteuil, France. Signe d and dated “73 Claude Monet” in the lower left corner, it ____35____ (measure) almost 1m wide and 62cm high. In 1903, ____36____ it was known as Apple Blossoms, it was bought for $2,100 by the New York art dealership Knoedler & Co. The Met acquired it in 1926.Information like this is typical of the insights that museums commonly provide about artworks in their collections. Dates, dimensions, provenance: these are the bread and butter of scholarship and art history.But by offering details about pictures ____37____ this manner, are museums fundamentally missing the point of ____38____ art is all about? One man who believes ____39____ are is the British philosopher Alain de Botton. “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” is exactly the sort of picture ____40____________ de Botton is referring: peaceful, untroubled, and reminding people of a simple pleasure of life. Yet, the Metropolitan avoids tackling any of this. Reading the online label, you would never guess that Monet had the power to summon pleasurable and soothing emotions such as these.George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class country under the sun”. Britons are surprisingly ____41____ to class - both their own and that of others. Almost everything else in England is about class and this aspect is frequently ____42____ of by other cultures.Mondeo-test is a good ____43____. Mention the Ford Mendeo to middle-class or upper-middle classes and they will sneeringly remark on it as something belonging to an insurance salesman. Some upper-middles may be too polite to laugh out loud, so you have to wash their faces carefully for the characteristics moue(撅嘴) of distaste that will be ____44____ by the word …Mondeo‟. In other words, lower-class is associated with this car. Mercedes Benz tells another story. Upper-middle class people in respectable professions, such as barristers, doctors, civil servants and senior army officers turn up their noses at the ____45____ world. In their mind, vulgar rich business people drive the …Merc‟. They might well drive a top-of-the range Audi, which costs about the same as a big Mercedes, but is regarded as more elegantly ____46____.The unwritten class rules involved in car care are even more ____47____ than those governing choice of car. The English will gauge your social rank by the appearance and condition of your car, which may be sending out even more powerful class ____48____ than the car mode. Dirty cars are connected with both the highest and lowest ends of the social ____49____, clean cars with the middle ranks. Do you wash and polish the car yourself ____50____ every weekend, in the driveway or the street outside your house? Then you are almost certainly lower-middle.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give ____51____ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber when they are ____52____ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate ____53____ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are ____54____ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become ____55____ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, ____56____ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a ____57____ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can ____58____ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business ____59____ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like ____60____, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, ____61____ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are ____62____ about others, not only themselves. ____63____, within economics courses, we should do a better job ____64____ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values - including helping others.Until then we may be dooming students and society to a fate foreshadowed by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen. Calling economists “rational fools,” Sen observ ed: “The purely economic man is indeed ____65____ to being a social moron(傻子).”51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65. A. resistant B. familiar C. eager D. closeASir William Osler has a few words for you: “In the Life of a young man, the most essential thing for happiness is the gift of friendship.” Truer words were never spoken. For what more could you ask than comradeship during the peaks and valleys of life? To whom else but a close, valuable friend can you show off your successes and complain about your failures or losses?What is a “good friend”? How is he best described? Well, it has been my observation that although many will cry with you, few can sincerely rejoice (欣喜) with you. Therefore, in my opinion, a good friend is one who can enjoy your successes without envy; one who can say, “That was wonderful! You can do it again, even better if you want!” and mean it. Nothing taxes a friendship more than the success of one and not the other. Even the closest of friendships often cannot resist such pressure and fail. No wonder many minor friendships go down day by day for the same reason.A person of good character and sound moral, of honor and humor, of courage and belief is a friend to be sought and treasured —for there are few. Too often we hear, “If you can count your good friends on more than one hand, consider yourself blessed.”And even then I would add, “Even if you have lost two fingers of that hand to the electric saw.What makes a friendship last? Well, I don‟t know all the answers, but one of my observationsis that most good friends usually have similar tastes. They generally like and dislike many of the same things. There also usually seems to exist a similarity of personality types - especially in the fundamental values of life such as honesty, sincerity, loyalty, and dependability. More often than not, birds of a feather do fly together. I don‟t think it matters a lot whether one prefers jazz or hockey to another‟s Mozart or ballet. Much other matters far more: relying, sharing, giving, getting, enjoying; a sympathetic ear always there; criticism when it can help; praise - even if only because it would help. With not many people on this earth will you find this much in common. When you find one, hang on to him, for a good friend found is a rare treasure.66. The function of Paragraph 1 is to introduce ________.A. a famous sayingB. the topic for discussionC. a famous personD. two different attitudes67. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph two?A. People don‟t have to pay taxes to develop friendship with others.B. Success of one person can promote his friendship with others.C. Friendship can be affected by the difference in success between friends.D. Nothing can affect friendship because it has gone through the peaks and valleys of life.68. What is the main idea of Paragraph three ?A. One is lucky to have many friends.B. A friend should have a good character.C. We should count our friends on more than one hand.D. A true friend should be treasured because there are few.69. According to the passage, which of the following plays the LEAST important role in a long-lasting friendship?A. Hobbies.B. Tastes.C. Personality.D. Sympathy.BWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help otherscan gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn‟t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.70. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is________.A. to see whether people‟s personality affects their life spanB. to find out if one‟s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity71. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They generally appear more resourceful.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.72. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.73. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Children‟s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers.D. Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans.CSome of the world‟s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes fr om agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarelytalked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world‟s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world‟s most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed t hemselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soya beans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferential ly focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.74. What does the author try to draw attention to?A. Food riots and hunger in the world.B. News headlines in the leading media.C. The decline of the grain yield growth.D. The food supply in populous countries.75. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A. Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B. Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C. Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D. Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.76. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B. They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C. They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D. They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.77. What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A. The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B. The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D. The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. `78` Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. `79` For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”`80` You mig ht represent each letter with a number, For example, Let‟s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. `81` For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.1.屡次发生的天灾人祸使许多无辜的人丧失生命。
2017-2018上海市进才中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
进才中学2018届高三英语质量检测卷I. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Victorian village children had little more than their surroundings and their imaginings with (21)________ to content themselves. Francis Kilvert came across this happy scene one day in January 1870: In the Common Field in front of the cottages, I found two little figures in the dusk. One tiny naughty boy(22)_______(bind) a handkerchief carefully round the face of another even more tiny than(23) ________ was Fred and Jerry Sav ine. “What are you doing to him?” I asked Fred. “Please, sir,” said teh child seriously, “we are going to play seek-and-hide.” The two children were quite alone, but they went on seriously with their game (24)____ _____ they were in a magnificent playgroun d with dozens of children to play with. Oh, the wealth of a child’s imagination and capacity for enjoyment of minor stuff.Sometimes their fun served all the family---blackberrying, (25)__________(nut) or picking apples in autumn----though often it was to gather for themselves a little of (26)__________the countryside had to offer. Sybil Marshall and her friends in Cambridgeshire explored and enjoyed the world that lay all around them. Looking back to her childhood she wrote：“We dug up tansy roots(27)______(eat) and filled our pockets with wheat whenever we could. We then went on to gather different sorts of flowers to dress ourselves up to play “King and Queen”.’Children played in the Victorian countryside-- and shopkeeping was one of their games. They also worked. Laboring families were among the largest in the country for the reason that almost as soon as they could walk and talk, the children (28)______(expect) to help in some way. The help might be (29)________ the form of small domestic duties, though in areas of cottage industry girls would be made to learn handicraft skills at an early age. And there were always jobs to be done outside--gathing branches or running errands-- and pennies to be earned from tasks such as scaring birds or picking stones from the fields. Farmers would prevent children working together, (30)________ they would soon turn to play: ‘Two boys is half a boy, and three boys no boys at all.’ At harvest, everyone, of any age, took part in the communal effort.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Perhaps the best way to illustrate this typical example of shift and how some companies have adapted to it is by looking at a very traditional ____31___: Rolls-Royce. When you hear the word “Rolls- Royce,” what immediately comes to mind is a shiny handmade car, with a 32 driver sitting in the front and a perfectly tailored couple in the back on their way to Ascot or Wimbledon.No, this is not your father’s Rolls-Royce.“Quite a long time ago we said,‘We cannot be just a pany,’”Sir John Rose ,CEO of Rolls-Royce PLC, told me in an 33 , while we were both in China. “The U.K. is a tiny market. In the late 1980s, 60 percent of our business was 34 (particularly jet engines) and our primary customer was Her Majesty’s government. But we needed to become a world player, and if we were going to do that we had to recognize who our biggest customer was. So we became a technology company 35 in power systems.” Today Rolls-Royce’s main business is making gas turbines(燃气轮机) for 36 and military airplanes, for ships, and for the oil and gas and power-generation industries. Rolls-Royce has customers now in 120 countries and employs around thirty-five thousand people, but only twenty-one thousand are 37 in the United Kingdom, with the best part of a global network of research, service and manufacturing workers. Today Rolls-Royce employs people of about fifty nationalities in fifty countries speaking about fifty languages. It 38 about 75 percent of its spare parts to its global supply chain. “The 25 percent that we make are the differentiating elements,” said Rose. “These are the hot end of the engine and the turbines. The very high-value-added manufacturing is one of our core 39 .” In short, said Rose, “We still own the key technologies, we own the ability to 40 what product is required by our customers, we own the ability to put the latest science into making these products and we own the ability to understand the data generated by those customers using our products, enabling us to support that product while in service and constantly add value.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone ___41___ a crime, he or she is considered __42___ until the court proves that the person is guilty. ___43___, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the ___44___ of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police ___45___ be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking" means that the name of the person and the charges against him are ___46___ listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or ___47___. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away — for example, because he owns a house and has a family — he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to ___48___ the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a ___49__. The attorney may present __50__ as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is ___51___ evidence to ___52___ a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. ____53___, if he is convicted, the judge sets a dale for the defendant to appear in court again for ___54___. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These ___55___ rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.41.A.is guilty of B.is responsible for C.is accused of D.is shamed of42.A. unpleasant B. inexperienced C. paralleled D. innocent43.A. On the contrary B. As a result C. In addition D. In other words44.A. responsibility B. conviction C. humanity D. initiative45.A. are obliged to B. might as well C. are entitled to D. are qualified to46.A. reasonably B. formally C. readily D. occasionally47.A. locked up B. set free(released) C. concerned about D. occasionally48.A. defend B. protect C. support D. shelter49.A. process B. decision C. opportunity D. hearing50.A. victims B. claims C. evidence D. information51.A. sufficient B. fantastic C. demanding D. economic52.A. call on B. call at C. call up D. call for53.A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D, Consequently54.A. booking B. sentencing C. punishing D. releasing55.A. common B. substantial C. individual D. popularSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, a cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable materials that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents(等同物).Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 greendesigners, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable mater ial. “Main-stream is about to occur,” says Hahn.Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that eco-fashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When a sked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied, “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.56. What is said about Future Fashion?A．It inspired leading designers to start going green.B．It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C．It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D．It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.57. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that ________. A．much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materialsB．they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materialsC．customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materialsD．quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available58. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion ________.A．can attend various trade shows for freeB．are readily recognized by the fashion worldC．can buy organic cotton at favorable pricesD．are gaining more and more support59.What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward eco-fashion?A．She doesn’t seem to care about it.B．She doesn’t think it is sustainable.C．She is doubtful of its practical value.D．She is opposed to the idea very much.BThe cosmopolitan of Las VegasAn original Luxury Resort, Now OpenFeaturing oversized residential-style living spaces with expansive,one of a kind private terraces and spacious interiors, The Cosmopolitan takes luxury to a whole new level. Warm, welcoming touches give each space the familiar feel of a private urban residence Enjoy excellent service and a variety of enchanting amenities ranging from world-class restaurants to innovative spa treatments. AccommodationsTerrace studiosEnjoy spacious, airy interiors with oversized private terraces. Many of the Terrace Studios feature deep, sensuous Japanese soaking tubs with views of the skyline, and all offer modern kitchenettes with high-lacquer zebrewood cabinetry, sub-zero refrigerators and microwaves. Terrace One-BedroomsT errace One--Bedrooms are filled with fresh air and sunlight. Beautiful sliding glass doors open onto a private oversized terrace, while a large bath area envelops the room’s spacious Japanese soaking tub and shower. Fabric screens separate the bed and bath areas while telescoping doors separate the master bedroom from the living room, allowing for plenty of privacy with absolute peacefulness.RestaurantsSurveys have confirmed what travel agents have long known about their customers the majority of them regard food as a primary consideration in choosing a destination, and most except to try new cuisines when they go out dinner during a trip. The Cosmopolitan is well equipped to meet these criteria-and then some some-by offering culinary concepts from so me of the country’s top chefs and restaurant brands, each opening for the first time in Las Vegas.60.Where can this advertisement probably be found?A. At a nursing home.B. In a gymnasium.C. At a travel agency.D. In a TV studio61.According to the article, what do most people first take into consideration when choosing a destination?A. WeatherB. FoodC. HotelsD. Scenery62. What can be inferred from this advertisement?A. Las Vegas is an original luxury resort.B. Terrace One--Bedrooms are the same as Terrace Studios.C. The Cosmopolitan runs a lot of luxurious hotels.D. The targeted customers of the Cosmopolitan are wealthy.CWhat’s hot for 2007 among the very rich? A S7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh. and income inequality.Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.In December. Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S News & World Report, which he owns. “Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th-richest man in America. “Most of our econo mic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy.”Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans. “It’s an outrage that any American’s life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage,” said the former chairman of the International Steel Group.What’s happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by California’ governor to offer universal health care, these guys don’t need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows.It’s possible that plutoc rats(有钱有势的人) are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory (没收性的) tax policies. But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn’t keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that.No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to thedistribution of income and economic insecurity.In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it’s likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad. For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that’s the real nightmare.63. What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America?A) The fate of the ultrawealthy people. B) The disintegration of the middle class.C) The inequality in the distribution of wealth. D) The conflict between the left and the right wing.64. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman’s lamentation?A) Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.B) The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.C) The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.D) The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation’s growing wealth.65. From the fifth paragraph we can learn that ____________.A) the very rich are fashion-consciousB) the very rich are politically sensitiveC) universal health care is to be implemented throughout AmericaD) Congress has gained popularity by increasing the minimum wage66. What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class?A) They want to protect themselves from confiscatory taxation.B) They know that the middle class contributes most to society.C) They want to gain support for global economic integration.D) They feel increasingly threatened by economic insecurity.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.You are only allowed to purchase a firearm if you have had a background check and meet certain legal requirements.B.There have been many enlightening articles on gun control in America.C.If you were to visit the United States for two months the only gun you might see is in a museum or on a police officer.D.Less than fifty percent of homes in United States own weapons, and many of those homes are in rural areas where guns may have a greater use.E.More people are deciding to legalize their gun transactions instead of buying them on the black market.F.What alarms people the most about American gun culture are the illegal guns and shooting.Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the culture landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun。
2017-2018学年上海浦东第一学期高二英语期中质量检测(含答案)
2017学年第一学期期中质量检测高二英语试卷（本试卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
）（考生注意：请按要求把答案分别做在答题卡或答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked abut what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear the conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 9:00 B. At 9:45 C. At 10:00 D. At 10:052. A.3 days B. 5 days C. 7 days D.9 days3. A. In a hospital. B. On a bus. C. On a plane. D. At an airport.4. A. It was too expensive. B. IT was quite old.C. It was not satisfactory.D. It was well-decorated.5. A. She went to a party with the man. B. She just moved into a new house..C. She is showing the man around a house.D. She works as an estate agent.6. A. Happy B. Embarrassed C. Upset D. Annoyed7. A. Go with the woman. B. Eat at home.C. Go to the cafeteria alone.D. Wait for the woman.8. A. Her old classmate. B. Her husband.C. Her private doctor.D. her son’s teacher.9. A. Go over his lessons. B. Take the final exam.C. Play computer games.D. Go out to enjoy some fresh air.10. A. Fishing equipment B. Fishing licensesC. Fishing netD. Fishing rodsSection B 6%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and choose which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Mozart B. Antonio Vivaldi C. Charles Emery D. Beethoven12. A. Turn them into geniuses. B. Improve their verbal ability.C. Improve their learning ability.D. Enhance brainpower.13. A. Classical music B. Gentle music with clear structuresC. Italian musicD. Violin Piece with exciting notesQuestions 14 through 15 are based on the following passage.14 .A. Physics B. Chemistry C. English literature D. Media studies15. A. More than 144000 B. About 147500.C. 7.5% of all the test takersD. 4.6% of all the test taker16. A. Few students avoid harder subjects.B. Each subject has the same level of difficulty.C. Some subjects are more difficult than others.D. Pupils are important to the country’s development.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In two days, it will be Christmas. Children all over the world (17) ______ (look) forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people, gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right (18) ______ their noses without them seeing. Everyone placed (19) ______ (wrap) gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning, (20) ______ we opened them.Picking a great gift requires (21) ______ (know) the person you’re giving it to. You need to know the person’s tastes and find something the person doesn’t already have. This can be quite a big challenge. Often it’s wise to provide a receipt (22) ______ ______ the person needs to exchange the gift.The best gifts are personal. Many Americans don’t feel money constitutes a good gift (23) ______ it doesn’t require any thought. They prefer something chosen just for the person. If the gift is a highly-quality homemade gift, that’s even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason (24) ______ people celebrate Christmas. Christmas in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visit Him, (25) ______ (bring) expensive gifts. But the greatest gift wasn’t from the wise men, but from God----the baby Jesus. God gave the gift because everyone needed it. We need God to forgive our bad actions so that we (26) ______ live forever with Him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God’s action of giving the perfect gift.Section B 9%Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteGrace, an old lady living in the northern part of Australia, is my good friend. She likes _27_ very much. In her _28_ garden, you can see flowers all the year round, because Northern Australia is quite warm even in winter. When spring comes, new leaves come out of the _29_ , and the flowers are in full _30_ . Among the bushes there are often some lovely birds singing early in the morning. On sunny days she often walks her pet dog around the garden. Sometimes she asks some _31_ and friends to enjoy the beautiful scenery. They sit around the small stone table chatting, and nuts from her own garden are _32_ with tea or coffee. In hot summer, her pet dog often takes a bath in the small pond in the middle of the garden. In autumn, many leaves turn yellow, and then fall off, _33_ the ground as if the garden is covered with a golden blanket. In winter it’s not very cold in that region, with the lowest temperature about six degrees. But she likes to be warm and can not _34_ cold weather. So she asks her son Tony to cut some branches off the trunks as wood. She puts the wood into her fireplace to keep her house warm and comfortable. I think Grace really lives a meaningful and _35_ life.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This hotel is __36__ in the main shopping street of Northchester, three hundred yards from the Cathedral. The original building was __37__ in 1710, but this structure has been largely transformed and extended, the present hotel having been completed in 1910. It is four storeys __38__ with a lift serving all floors. The public rooms consists of a dining-room seating fifty __39__ , a lounge and a bar. There are sixteen __40__ and thirty double bedrooms, three of the latter having private bathroom. __41__floor has one bathroom and two separate WCs. All bedrooms are __42__ with washbasins with hot and cold __43__. The courtyard around which the hotel is built provides __44__ space for ten cars and there is __45__ for twenty more off a side street two hundred yards away. This is quite inadequate.36. A. placed B. put C. situated D. lain37. A. put up B. done C. set D. made38. A. deep B. high C. wide D. height39. A. seats B. men C. people D. women40. A. single B. lone C. solo D. one41. A. Either B. Each C. None D. Neither42. A. fixed B. built C. fitted D. put43. A. gas B. water C. fuel D. steam44. A. placing B. standing C. sitting D. parking45. A. space B. spacious C. rooms D. parksSection B 10%Directions: Read the following passage. It is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: it seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Thought he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages（野人）whose king wanted to kill and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into a cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light lamp, said his best ideas came to him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre. To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problem you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images（图像）which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.46. According to the message, Elias Howe was ______ .A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his dreamsB. much more hard-working than other inventors.C. the first person to design a sewing machine that really workedD. the only person at the time who knew the value of dreams47. Thomas Edison is spoken of because ______ .A. he also tried to invent a sewing machineB. he got some of his ideas from dreamsC. he was one of Howe’s friendsD. he also had difficulty in fall ing asleep48. Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because ______ .A. strange messages are used to communicate ideasB. images which have no meaning are usedC. we can never understand the real meaningD. only specially trained people can understand themBRecently, in the hope of earning both money and social experience, I became a door-to-door salesman.I once read a saying, “If somebody wants something of yours, you will be treated as warmly as spring, but if they don’t, you may be treated as coldly as winter.”You may consider this an exaggeration（夸张）, but if you are a salesman, it is clearly correct.You would never have found it to be so true if you hadn’t been a salesman. You needn’t stand doubtful looks and friendl y comments; you needn’t listen to something completely wrong and nod to say that it was quite right; you needn’t always keep patience and a smile; you needn’t repeat the same sentences over and over again; you needn’t talk to somebody you dislike…I did this work for a month, and then I decided to give it up. Apart from the reasons above, I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. The latest test result proved that my grades were getting worse.Even worse, I hadn’t enough time to join my classmates in college activities. Sometimes I felt lonely and unhappy because of both my study and my part-time job. Now I don’t think it is worth doing such a thing for even though I was earning money it came at great cost.Newspapers and magazines often publish stories about excellent students who do part-time work while also keeping high scores in class. But according to my experience, part-time work can have some strong negative（负面的）influences on study.Most students don’t view the relationship between study and work correctly. In my opinion, it isn’t a must for financial reasons; students should be careful about taking up a part-time job.49. From the text, we can tell that the writer is ______ .A. an unemployed manB. a middle school studentC. a college studentD. a door-to-door salesman50. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “sacrificing”?A. giving upB. wastingC. usingD. gettingSection C 8%Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable sentences to fill in the blanks and complete theAre zoos bad for animals?Zoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals from foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animal species and education of the public. (51) ______Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephants in captivity（囚禁）has long caused argument among animal rights activists. Elephants in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. (52) ______ Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory（象牙）, leather and meat illegally. To protect the species from extinction, some experts feel that captive breeding programs may be the best strategy for future survival. Many elephants in captivity were rescued from circuses（马戏团），saved from natural disasters or removed from the wild due to injury or abandonment.(53) ______ The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact I the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation. (54) ______ They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The voice in the BoxWhen I was quite young, my family had one of the first telephones in the neighborhood. I remember well the polished wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. But my first personal experience with this genie-in-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to offer sympathy. I walked around the house, and finally arrived at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear. “Information Please,” I said into the mouthpiece just above my head.A click or two, and a small, clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.”“I hurt my finger,” I cried into the phone. The tears came readily enough, now that Ihad an audience.“Isn’t your mother at home?” came the question.“Nobody’s home but me,” I sobbed.“Are you bleeding?”“No,” I replied. “I hit it with the hammer and it hurts.”“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then break off a little piece of ice, and hold it on your finger.That will stop the hurt. Be careful when you use the icepick（冰锥）,” she said. “And don’t cry. You’ll be all right.”After that, I called Information Please for everything. I asked her for help with my geography, and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grew up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told me that my pet chipmunk----I had caught him in the park just the day before----would eat fruit and nuts.V. Translation 12%（1----3每小题2分，4----5每小题3分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1、无论下雨还是不下雨，我们都做早操。
2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语精彩试题(一)
中学高三周考II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to makethe passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with agiven word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when andhow they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to givechildren something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play)with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after theactivities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare),even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adultworld.25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not somuch how they changed over the centuries but how much they haveremained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their developmentin all parts of theworld and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. InEgypt, America,China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kindsof toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life28toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls,little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.repeatedly and forwhich we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involvealcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discussesthe concepts which can be31 in coping with addictive behavior.32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is nothigh. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe theperson who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in abehavior long after it has become 33 that the substantialprice being paid was not worth the benefit.The individual who has lost career house family and friends because ofcocaine (可卡因) usebut is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned withmuch 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constantlevel of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can leadto an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh theprice. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The priceof membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not getstronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how muchbenefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urgeto engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is actedupon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III.Readingcomprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrasethat best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in theHarvard Business.Review，which has carried out an experiment to find outwho we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want mostas our workmates are both: 41 at their job anddelightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasantand useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choicebetween working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), weirresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, butour 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should 45 do is get people to like eachother more. The trickhere is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as oftenas possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses andso on to encourage friendliness and46 displeasure.47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machinesinspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like eachother or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make officesfridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable foolagainst competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated:we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I wasonce quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her tobe so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up notreally liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should bedoing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who areall pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. Ithink this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore withoutoffending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.41.A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D.productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D.forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D.similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even some “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them. I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later,to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable. This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did mythoughts or actions resultin self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs that night, he appeared .A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D.anxious57.How can this philosophy change the waywe live our lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB.By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too muchto follow 59.The wrote this passage toA.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there'sdata to prove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burnedby the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer andan additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men and women influence men.However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably meansA.infectiousB. communicativeC. motivatedD.available61.J ack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day on social media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerfulinfluence?A.A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B.A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C.A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD.A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward theefforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings inpsychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK,the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has aknock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionableresearch practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stoppingcollecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simplyfabricate data–Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality –publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms,and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreakingresearch.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications ofstudies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worryingeffects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A.a reliable body ofknowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness tostudentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows themto be true makes impossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parentsthemselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up toa realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents,and think of them as disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is ahealthier attitude both for the child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit thesecharges if the child knows them to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarksabout the friends’ parents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enoughto let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will nottalk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if theyrealized how muchbelief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装） behind anunreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt.70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。
2017-2018学年第一学期高三英语期中练习含答案
2017-2018学年第一学期高三英语期中练习本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
第I卷第1页至第12页；第II卷第12页至第14页，共150分，考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（选择题共115分）第一部分听力理解（共20小题，每题1.5分, 满分30分）第一节：听对话，回答问题（每段对话仅读一遍）1.How much was the driver’s tip?A. $ 3.5B. $ 0.5C. $ 1.52.What does the man mean?A.He has another meeting to attend on that day.B.He is OK either day.C.He can’t attend a four-day conference.3.Where does this conversation most likely take place?A. At a flower shopB. In a gardenC. At a post office4.What was the woman’s reaction to the building of the chemical plant?A.She agrees to it.B.She doesn’t agree to it.C.She has no opinion.5.How would Jack get to the United States?A.He’ll go by plane.B.He’ll go by train.C.He’ll go by bus.第二节：听对话或短文，回答问题（每段对话读两遍）听第6段材料，回答第6至第8题。
6.For which date does Smith want to make a reservation of tickets to SanFrancisco?A. June 6thB. July 6thC. June 16th7.How old is Smith’s son?A. Five years old.B. Six years oldC. Twelve years old8.How much is the round trip from New York to San Francisco?A.Less than $ 310.B.About $320.C.More than $330.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10题。