人教版中考英语复习专题介词专题练习

人教版中考英语复习专题介词专题练习
人教版中考英语复习专题介词专题练习

人教版中考英语复习专题介词专题练习

一、初中英语介词

1.I can't see Lucy because she is ______ the tree.

A. in front of

B. behind

C. next to

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】考查方位介词。in front of在……前;behind在……后;next to在……旁边。根据题干“I can't see Lucy”可知,露西应该是在树后面。故选B。

2.My brother joined the army ________ September last year.

A. on

B. by

C. at

D. in

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:我哥哥去年九月参军。on后接具体的日期、星期和节日;by后接方式;at后接时间点、时刻;in后接某年某月;September,9月,因此前面用in,故选D。

【点评】此题考查介词。注意表示年月动名词前用介词in。

3.—Is there ________ in today's morning news on CCTV-1?

—Yes, France Team beat Korea Team by 4: 0 in the 8`h FIFA Women's World Cup in France ________ June 8, 2019.

A. anything special; on

B. something special; in

C. special something; on

D. anything special; in

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——在央视一今日新闻里有特殊的事情吗?——是的。法国队在2019年6月8日的法国第八届女子足球世界杯中以4:比0的成绩击败了韩国队。复合不定代词+形容词,排除B、C。问句是一般疑问句,所以用anything;on+几月几日,June 8 是几月几日,具体日期,所以用on,故选A。

【点评】考查复合不定代词及介词用法,注意平时识记,理解句意。

4.The People's Republic of China was founded ________ October 1st, 1949. We'll celebrate its 70th anniversary this year.

A. in

B. on

C. at

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。今年我们要庆祝它70周年。A.in在,用在世纪、年、季节、月、周等前;B.on在,用于星期几和具体的日期等前;C.at在,用于表示时刻前。根据句子中 October 1st, 1949,表示具体的日期,要用介词on。

【点评】考查介词辨析。根据句子的语法结构选择正确的介词。

5.Let's take a walk ________ the river after diner, shall we?

A. along

B. through

C. upon

D. over

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:让我们晚饭后沿着河流散步吧,好吗?A.沿着;B.穿过;C.根据;

D.在......正上方。根据常识可知沿着河流散步,along the river,沿着河流,固定搭配,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记其词义,理解句意。

6.Humans can not make progress dreams.

A. with

B. without

C. through

D. about

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:没有了梦想,人类就不会进步。A.带着,有;B.没有;C.通过;D.关于。梦想是人类前进的动力,根据Humans can not make progress,可知人类不会进步,是因为没有梦想,应会使用介词without,故答案是B。

【点评】考查近词辨析,注意识记介词without的用法。

7.—Thanks to our government, we can have a new library next week.

—That's great! And we will read books there ________ a month.

A. before

B. in

C. by

D. until

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——多亏了政府,下一周我们能够拥有一个新的图书馆。——棒极了!再过一个月我们就可以在那里读书了。in a month,再过一个月,一般用于一般将来时,故答案是B。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意在一般将来时中引出时间段使用in。

8.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ________ environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.

A. on

B. at

C. to

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我们的校长做了一个关于环境保护的演讲,并且我们学到了一些关于废物利用的知识。on,关于,这样与学术有关;at在;to到达。演讲是关于环境保护的,而环境保护是有关学术的,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记其词义,理解句意。

9.It is wise ______Linda to make up her mind _______to play an instrument.

A. for; learning

B. for; to learn

C. of; learning

D. of; to learn

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:琳达下决心学弹乐器是明智的。由句子结构可知,不定式作真正的主语,放在句末,用it作形式主语。要用固定句型:It's + adj +for/of sb to do sth.前面的形容词来描述不定式时,要用介词for;形容词说明人时,要用介词of。这里的形容词wise是形容人的性格特征的,要用It's + adj +of sb to do sth.,故选D。

【点评】考查固定句型It's + adj +for/of sb to do sth.的用法区别。根据形容词的属性,选择正确的介词。

10.A recent study in Australia shows that parents are the top five world's hardest jobs.

A. between

B. among

C. from

D. above

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:澳大利亚最近研究显示父母位于世界上最难的前五名工作。A.在……之间;表两者之间 B.在……之间,表三者或三者以上的之间;C.来自;D.在……上面。此处表示父母在世界上前五名最难的工作之间,超过两者之间,用among,在……之间,故选B。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意句子涉及到between和among的词义和用法。

11.—When is your birthday, Li Fang?

—It's _____________ July 26.

A. on

B. to

C. in

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——李芳,你的生日是什么时候?——是在7月26日。on在……之上、在……时候;to朝、到、对于;in在……之内,三者都是介词;on 用于具体的某一天,in用于年、月,用于上、下午和晚上,季节,世纪前。可知,空格是在……时候,指具体的某一天,用on,故选A。

【点评】此题考查介词辨析。注意介词的使用规则。

12.—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.

—You shouldn't watch TV too much. It's bad _________ your eyes.

A. on

B. in

C. for

D. with

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:——我想在长途旅行后整天看电视。——你不应该看太多电视。对你的眼睛有害。be bad for,对……有害,固定搭配,A 在……上面,B 在……里面,D 和……,表伴随,故选C。

【点评】考查固定搭配,注意平时识记,理解句意。

13.In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _________about 570 million children.

A. with

B. for

C. towards

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:在这个世界上,超过30%的学校不为57亿的儿童提供安全的饮用

水。A 和……,表伴随;B for,为了;C 朝……;provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物,固定搭配,故选B。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意固定短语provide sth. for sb. 的用法。

14.We planted some flowers ________ the garden yesterday.

A. on

B. to

C. in

D. of

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:我昨天在花园里种了一些花。A.on在……上面;B.to朝;C.在……里面;D……地,表示所属关系。根据常识,可知应在花园里种花,用in,故选C。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意理解选项意思,根据语境选出正确答案。

15.I'm going out. I'll be back _____an hour.

A. at

B. on

C. in

D. from

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:我准备出去。一小时后回来。in +一段时间,表将来,故选C。【点评】考查介词辨析。注意识记“ in +一段时间”的用法。

16.—There will be all kinds of activities ________ Children's day in China!

—It's a big day for every kid.

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. as

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——在中国,在儿童节这天将会有各种各样的活动。——对每个孩子来说,这是重要的一天。in+年/月,表示在某年或某月;on+具体日期,表示在具体某一天;on+节日,表示在某个节日的时候;at+钟点,表示在几点钟;as作为。根据Children's day此处表示在儿童节这一天,用介词on。故答案选B。

【点评】考查介词,注意识记不同介词的用法。

17.—Do you know Victory Day in China?

—Yes,it's _______ September 3rd_______ each year.It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars.Chinese people will never forget the history.

A. in,on

B. on,/

C. at,/

D. on,in

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:——你知道中国的胜利日吗?——是的,是每年的9月3号.它向全世界宣告中国人热爱和平憎恨战争,中国人将永远不会忘记历史.第一个后面是September 3rd ,具体到了某一天,用介词on;第二个空后面是each year(每年);every,each等构成的短语用做时间状语时,其前不用介词。故答案为B。

【点评】考查时间介词辨析。

18.Stephen Hawking was famous a scientist, he made a great contribution to the world, and

he died March 14th, 2018.

A. for; on

B. as; in

C. as; on

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:史蒂芬·霍金作为科学家而闻名,他为世界做出了巨大的贡献,他逝世于2018年3月14日。空一,根据 a scientist ,可知是作为……而出名,be famous as;空二,具体到某一天,使用介词on。故选C。

【点评】此题考查固定短语和介词用法。

19.Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.

A. of

B. in

C. against

D. from

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:我们班肯定能赢得和三班之间的篮球赛。A. ……的,B. 在……里C.against 对抗 , D. 从,与……之间的比赛用against。故选C。

【点评】本题考查介词辨析。

20.To my great joy, my family is always ________me whatever I decide to do.

A. behind

B. to

C. from

D. against

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:令我高兴的是,无论我决定做什么,我的家人总是支持我。A:behind 在......之后,支持,赞成;B: to对; C: from 自从;D: against反对。根据 To my great joy, 可知家人都会支持我,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析。理解介词意思和用法,根据语境选择正确的介词。

21.—When is your birthday?

—I was born December 17. This year I'll hold a birthday party for it at home.

A. on

B. at

C. in

D. by

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——你的生日是什么时候?——我出生于12月17日。今年我要在家里为它举办生日聚会。A: on在……之上,用在具体的日期前; B: at 在,用在某一时刻前;C:in在……里,用在世纪、年、月、周等前;D:by在……前。根据December 17,表示具体的日期,要用介词on,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意根据句子结构和介词的用法。做出正确的选项。

22.I would like to see a film this evening, but things are my control and I have to work.

A. in

B. under

C. beyond

D. through

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:今天晚上我想看电影,但是事情超出了我的控制,我必须工作。

A 在里面;

B 在下面;

C 超出;

D 通过。根据题干中的语句I would like to see a film this evening与I have to work.提示可知,本来打算去看电影,后来不得不工作,说明超出了可控范围,故选C。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意每个选项的基本含义及用法,根据语境确定选项。

23.—What time do you expect me to finish the task?

—________ two hours.

A. Before

B. At

C. For

D. In

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】—你希望我什么时候完成这项任务?—在两个小时之后。A. Before 在……之前;B. At在……;C. For为了;D. In在……里面。In+一段时间,表示在……之后,常和一般将来时连用。根据对话可知完成任务是在将来要发生的一个动作,故选D。【点评】考查介词用法,注意in+段时间和一般将来时连用。

24.It is such a difficult project that every one of us works on it______ great care.

A. off

B. with

C. down

D. from

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:这是一个非常困难的项目,我们每个人都非常小心地完成它。with + 名词,表示行为的伴随状况。根据great care可知,with great care,固定搭配,小心翼翼地,故选B。

【点评】考查固定搭配,注意with + 名词,表示行为的伴随状况的用法。

25.We will have to operate _______ his eyes.

A. to

B. for

C. on

D. in

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:我们将不得不给他的眼睛做手术。A. to到……;B. for为了……;C. on在……上;D. in在……里。operate on…,给……做手术,故选C。

【点评】考查固定搭配,注意operate on的用法。

26.His achievements have increased rice production ______ 20%.

A. by

B. in

C. to

D. at

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:他的成就已经增加了20%的大米产量。increase by+百分比增加了百分之……,increase to+百分比增加到百分之……,根据句意可知是增加了百分之二十,所以用by,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记,理解句意。

27.The "teacher-free exam" means that students take their exams __________ teachers.

Students must be more honest.

A. without

B. against

C. among

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:学生们在没有老师的情况下参加考试。学生必须更加诚实。

A.without 没有,离开;

B. against 反对;

C. among在……之间。根据 Students must be more honest. 学生必须更加诚实。可知应该没有老师的考试,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意理解词义,理解句意。

28.—Do you know what the voting woman is charged_____?

—She has been found guilty ______ stealing a new-born baby from his mother.

A. with; for

B. for; of

C. of; with

D. with; of

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:——你知道那位正在投票的女人被指控什么吗?——她被发现从一个新生婴儿妈妈那里偷孩子。be charged with,被控告、被指控,固定搭配;(be)guilty of,犯……罪,固定搭配。

【点评】考查固定搭配,注意句子涉及到固定搭配be charged of 和(be)guilty of。

29.We can save money cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.

A. by

B. to

C. for

D. with

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我们可以自己做饭而不是在外面吃饭来省钱。A:by通过,表示方法;B:to到,向,表示位置;C:for为,表示目的;D:with用,表示工具。工具save money和cooking our own meals,可知通过自己做饭这种方法来省钱。故选A

【点评】考查介词辨析。理解介词词义和用法,根据句子结构,选择正确的介词。

30.A marathon was held in Yancheng ____________21st April, which drew 12,000 runners.

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. by

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:一场马拉松在四月21日在4月21日举行的,他包括12,000个跑步者。on后接具体某一天,in后接上下午,晚上或年月,等;at后接具体几点钟;by 在……之前;根据21st April,表示在4月21日,具体某一天,应该用介词on,故选A。【点评】本题考查介词辨析。要掌握介词的使用规则和使用方法。

二、初中英语虚拟语气

31.(题文)I would wear a shirt and tie to the party if I ________ you. It’s more polite. A.were B.will be C.am

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句用过去时,主句用would/should/might+动词原形。句意:如果我是你,我就穿衬衫带领带去参加聚会。那样更礼貌。故选A。

考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。

32.I’m not free today, If I ____ time, I ____ and help him with you.

A.have, will go B.had, would go C.have, would go D.had, will go

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我今天没空,如果我有时间,我就和你一起去帮助他。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的假设,虚拟条件句为If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were),主句为主语+should, would, could, might + 动词原形。所以选B。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

33.If I you, I’d keep quiet and listen carefully in class.

A.am B.will be

C.were

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:与现在事实相反:条件从句用动词过去式,主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形;与过去事实相反:条件从句用had done,主句用would/could/should/might+have done;与将来事实相反:条件从句用动词过去式/should+动词原形/were to do,主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形。句意:如果我是你,我上课就会保持安静,认真听课。故选C。

考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。

34.The headmaster with his students Hangzhou Paradise Park if it tomorrow. A.is going to; isn’t rainy B.are going to; isn’t rainy

C.is going to; won’t rain D.are going to; doesn’t rain

【答案】A

【解析】考查主谓一致和if从句。with连接几个主语时,与第一个保持一致。排除B、D;if条件句用一般现在时代替将来时,排除C。句意“如果不下雨,班主任和同学明天将要去杭州天堂公园。”故选A。

35.If I ____ you, I ____ buy a bike for him.

A.was, would B.was, could C.were, would D.were, could

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:如果我是你,我就给他买一辆自行车。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。表示与现在事实相反,条件从句用一般过去时,be动词习惯用were,主句用should、could、would + 原形动词。故选C。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

36.---If I were you, I ________ study harder

A.had B.would C.did D . do

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”

3、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:

句意:如果我是你,我会学习更努力。结合语境可知本句表示的是对现在的虚拟,故从句中用过去时态,主句中用过去将来时态。选B。

考点:考查虚拟语气

37.-– Do you feel tired?

--- No, I don’t. If I were tired, I ______a rest.

A.had B.would have C.will have D.have

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你感觉累吗?——不累,如果我累了,我会休息。考查虚拟语气。本句是if条件句,对现在的虚拟,用If sb were/did..., sb would/could/should/might do;根据句意结构和语境,故选B。

38.If I you, I’d take a small present for her.

A.am B.is C.was D.were

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构:1、与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。

3、与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。句意:如果我是你,我会给她带一件小礼物。结合语境可知本句描述的是与现在相反的事实,故选D。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

39.– I coughed a lot last night. What should I do?

– If I _____ you, I would go to see the doctor at once.

A.am B.were

C.was

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析: 句意:昨晚我不停地咳嗽,我应该怎么办?哪果我是你,我就会马上去看医生。此句为虚拟语气,与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”,故选C。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

40.— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars?

— I would give it to charity.

A.have B.had C.will have D.would have

【答案】B

【解析】试题分析:句意:-如果你有一百万美元你会做什么?-我会把它捐给慈善事业。have 有;had 过去式;will have 一般将来时;would have 过去将来时。根据句意可知,这

里表示的是一个假设的问题,在if引导的条件状语从句中应该用虚拟语气,动词用过去式,故选B。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

41.You _______ through that red light, for you _______ an accident.

A.must have driven; should have caused B.could have driven; might have caused C.couldn’t have driven; should have caused D.shouldn’t have driven; could have caused 【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:你不应该开车闯红灯,因为你会引起事故的。

考查情态动词。分析句子及选项“You ___ through that red light, for you ____ an accident.”,你开车闯红灯,因为你事故的,可知是对过去的虚拟,应用情态动词+have done。此处是不应该开车闯红灯,会引起事故,故选D。

42.—I don’t know what to wear at the party.

— If I you, I would wear a shirt and a tie.

A.am B.is C.were D.was

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:if从句的虚拟语气,对于现在的虚拟用一般过去式,be动词都用were,故选C.句意:——我不知道聚会该穿什么。——如果我是你,我会穿一件衬衫加一条领带。故选C 考点:if条件句的虚拟语气

点评:if条件句的虚拟语气,是中考要求掌握的知识点,分为三种情况:

表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be用were),主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do;2.表示与过去的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done;3.表将来的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用should+动词/did/were to do,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do。

43.I don’t understand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver.

A.think; are B.am thinking; are

C.thought; were D.think; were

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我不明白你是怎么得到罚单的。我一直以为你是一个谨慎的司机。考查动词时态辨析题。本句是虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,需用一般过去时;根据句意结构,可知选C。

44.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.

A.should have arrived B.should arrive

C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:怀特先生本来应该在8:30到会,但他却没有出现。should have done:本来应该做某事而实际上没做。故选A

考点:情态动词

45.If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better.

A.was B.were C.were D.are

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:如果我是你,我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。

考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反,此句是虚拟语气,be动词使用were;故选A。

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