学科教学法习题

学科教学法习题
学科教学法习题

(一)体育课程的概念和特点是什么?

1、体育课程就是指以发展学生体能,增进学生身心健康为主的一种特殊的教学课程,它与德育课程、

智育课程、美育课程、劳动教育课程相配合,共同促进学生身心的全面发展,是整个学校教育的一个方面的课程。

2、体育课程的特点:

1)运动认知性课程:主要是通过人体本体感觉形成的认知。(运动活动与身体练习)

2)生活教育课程:主要是为了学生能快乐、健康、幸福地生活,感受人的生命力,体验情感,增强意志力服务。

3)情意性课程:是通过课程体验来改造人的主观世界。发展人的情感、情绪、态度、价值,特别是意志力。

4)综合性课程:涉及体育、生理卫生、健康、环境、娱乐、人际关系、运动技能、技巧。

(二)体育课程价值是什么?

1.增进身体健康 2.提高心理健康水平 3.增强社会适应能力 4.获得体育与健康知识和技能

(三)体育课程的基本理念是什么

1、坚持“健康第一”的指导思想,促进学生健康成长,培养学生健康的意识和体魄

2、激发运动兴趣,培养学生终身体育的意识

3、以学生发展为中心,重视学生的主体地位,帮助学生学会学习

4、关注个体差异与不同需求,确保每一个学生受益,注重学生运动爱好和专长的形成

5、改革课程内容与教学方式,努力体现课程的时代性

(四)体育课程的目标是什么?

1、增强体能,掌握和应用基本的体育与健康知识和运动技能;

2、培养运动的兴趣和爱好,形成坚持锻炼的习惯;

3、具有良好的心理品质,表现出人际交往的能力与合作精神;

4、提高对个人健康和群体健康的责任感,形成健康的生活方式;

5、发扬体育精神,形成积极进取、乐观开朗的生活人生态度。

(五)体育课程的功能是什么?

1、培养学生具有健康的体魄

2、促进学生运动爱好和专长的形成,奠定学生终身

体育的基础

3、培养健全人格,促进心理健康

4、培养团队合作和竞争精神,提高社会适应能力

5、以学生发展为中心,帮助学生学会体育学习

6、培养国际意识和民族意识

(六)体育教学内容的特点是什么? 1、身体运动性 2、健身性 3、娱乐性 4、非阶梯性(七)论述田径运动技术教学的意义和任务?

1、田径运动技术教学的意义:

○1田径运动是各项体育运动的基础,它是由走跑类、跳跃类、投掷类项目和全能项目组成的。通过田径运动技术的教学,掌握基本技术,提高学生各项身体素质和体育技能。

○2田径运动各项技术有着自身的特点和理论基础。

○3田径运动项目多,技术各有不同。

2、田径运动技术教学的任务:

○1进行田径运动各项技术的教学,使学生学习和掌握田径运动的各项技术。

○2提高各项身体素质,达到增强体质的目的。

○3提高学生田径运动理论知识水平和认识能力。

○4加强人的素质培养,充分利用项目的特点,培养学生的优秀品质。

○5传授各项技术的教学方法。

(八)试述田径运动中任一项目的教学重点、难点、方法、手段及错误动作的纠正?

答:以短跑为例:

1、短跑技术教学的重点:1)跑的专门性练习。2)短跑途中跑。3)短跑起跑技术。4)弯道跑技术和接力跑技术。

2、短跑技术教学的难点:1)途中跑的技术规格。2)跑的放松技术。3)起跑技术。

3、短跑技术教学的方法和手段

○1介绍短跑完整技术,使学生对短跑技术有初步的了解。第一、讲解短跑的发展概况、项目特点和短跑基本技术第二、短跑技术示范第三、观看优秀运动员的技术图片、录像

○2进行跑的专门练习○3学习直道途中跑技术○4学习加速跑技术○5学习蹲踞式起跑技术

○6学习弯道途中跑和弯道跑技术○7学习终点跑和全程跑的技术○8学习不同距离短跑的全程节奏4、短跑技术教学中的错误及纠正方法

○1摆动腿前摆时高抬腿技术差○2摆臂紧张,前后摆幅不均,向外偏○9不撞线或跳起撞线○3跑步时没有小腿和脚的后摆下压扒地动作○4坐着跑,只抬腿不送髋○5抢跑

○6加速跑中过早抬体,减弱了加速质量○7蹬离起跑器无力○8终点跑后蹬角度过大,向上跳着跑

以跨栏项目为例:

1、起跨点离栏架远,摆动腿膝高抬,上体积极前倾,下压积极有力。

2、跨栏的发展趋势

(1)速度是提高跨栏成绩的主要因素。(2)高重心,快频率。(3)提高跨栏专项周期速度。(4)过栏技术要重视改进下栏技术。(5)跨栏跑技术的发展:运动员的身高和平跑速度快。

3、跨栏技术教学的重点:(1)起跑至第一栏技术教学。(2)跑跨结合。(3)跨栏步技术。

4、跨栏技术教学的难点: ○1提高柔韧性○2跨栏步和下栏后的身体平衡○3“跨栏步”和栏间跑的衔接

5、跨栏技术教学的方法和手段

突出了跑跨结合的能力,以先教栏间跑为主,在教学方法上也采用了先完整后分解,以提高学生的跑跨能力。当学生体会了跨栏跑的正确动作路线后便可直接过栏。

(1)建立跨栏跑的完整技术概念(2)学习跨栏步技术(3)学习栏前跑和跨越第一栏技术

(4)学习过栏和栏间跑相结合的技术(5)学习起跑后的过栏技术(6)改进全程跨栏跑完整技术6、跨栏技术教学中学生常出现的错误及纠正方法

1)起跨消极,身体重心低,蹬地不充分,屈腿跳栏。2)跳栏。3)摆动腿直腿过栏或盘腿绕栏。4)腾空后两腿动作消极“剪绞”幅度小速度慢。 5)下栏时身体失去平衡,动作停顿。

6)栏间跑身体重心低脚掌缺乏弹性。 7)栏间跑第一步太小,影响栏间跑的节奏。8)栏间跑直线性差。 9)起跨点不准确、不积极。 10)全程跑节奏不稳

以跳高项目为例:

1、背越式跳高技术教学的重点:(1)助跑和起跳的结合。(2)起跳技术。(3)弧线助跑。

2、背越式跳高技术教学的难点:(1)蹬摆配合技术。(2)杆上动作。(3)适宜的起跳点。

3、背越式跳高技术教学的方法和手段

1)建立正确的技术概念 2)学习背越式跳高的辅助练习 3)学习和掌握起跳技术

4)学习和掌握助跑技术 5)掌握助跑和起跳相结合技术 6)学习、掌握过杆和落地技术7)掌握起跳和过杆相结合技术 8)掌握助跑—起跳—过杆相结合技术

4、背越式跳高技术教学中学生常出现的错误及纠正方法

1)起跳常见错误动作。 2)弧线助跑中常见错误动作。

3)过杆落地时常见错误动作。(4)跳高技术教学中应注意的事项。

以铅球为例:

1、铅球技术教学的重点:1)完整技术教学。2)重视施力于器械的准确性。3)协调的用力形式。

2、铅球技术教学的难点:1)持球滑步技术。2)完整技术教学。3)左侧支撑技术。

3、铅球技术教学的方法和手段

1)建立正确的铅球技术概念(2)学习和掌握铅球技术的诱导性练习(3)学习握球和持球方法4)学习推铅球最后用力技术(5)原地侧向推铅球(6)原地背向推铅球7)学习背向滑步推铅球技术(8)改进背向滑步推铅球技术

4、铅球技术教学中学生常出现的错误及纠正方法

○1握球时满把抓并将球托在肩上或离开颈部。○2团身动作不到位,右膝弯曲不够,重心偏高。

○3团身时上体前屈不够。○6滑步结束,体重没有落在弯曲的右腿支撑点附近;肩轴与髋轴失去扭紧。○4滑步时蹬、摆动动作幅度小,滑步距离短。○8最后用力时,上体前屈,臀部后坐,只靠上肢发力。○5滑步时上体抬起,左臂后摆。○7滑步与最后用力衔接不好。○9推球时左肩后撤或上体向左倒。

○10推球跳起过早,形成无支撑推球。○11完整技术的节奏不好。

(九)田径运动技术教学方法是什么?

1.形成动作技能的规律:

1)粗略掌握阶段(泛化) 2)改进提高阶段(分化) 3)熟练巩固阶段(自动化)

2.教学方法:

1)完整教学法2)分解教学法3)程序教学法4)发现教学法5)系统教学法6)模块教学法

(十)田径运动技术教学错误动作和伤害产生原因

1.错误动作的产生:

1)对技术动作概念不清楚 2)身体素质较差 3)思想过度紧张或客观条件的影响

2.伤害事故的产生

1)自我伤害:一般是准备活动不充分,技术概念不清,而用力过猛,身体过于疲劳,场地器材使用不当,注意力不集中,不遵守安全规范等。

2)互相误伤:注意力不集中,不按照练习顺序及方向,忽视安全措施及不遵守课堂常规纪律,从而碰撞了同学。

二、简答题

1、试述技巧后滚翻的教法和保护方法。

教法:①两手放在肩上方,做向后滚动手撑地。②用斜面由高到低做后滚。

③肩主动后倒,快速举腿,以顺利翻转完成动作。

保护方法:保护者单腿跪立在学员侧后方,一手托肩,一手推背,助其翻转。

2、体操教法有哪些,其中示范法的种类有几种。

①直观法、②语音法、③练习法、④游戏法、⑤比赛法

①完整法、②分解法、③慢速法、④对比法、⑤领做法

3、运用示范法时应注意的问题?

1)有明确的目的; 2)动作正确、熟练; 3)便于学生观察; 4)启发学生思维相结合. 4、技能迁移教学法一般有几种情况?在体育教学中,最常用的是哪种?

技能迁移教学法一般有两种情况,分别是:正迁移和负迁移。在体育教学中,最常用的是:动作迁移。5、在运用情景教学法时,如何运用语言艺术?

答:情景教学中,体育教师语言表达能力的强弱,教学生动与否,会直接影响学生对情景的理解以及学生的心理定势、情感变化和学习兴趣。体育教师应根据情景教学的特点来运用语言艺术,力求在语言表达上更加具有艺术性,增强语言的感染力,收到良好的教学效果。所以应该做到以下几点:○1语言表达要准确、简明。○2语言要具有幽默性和调节性。○3在不同的情景下,语言要有不同的诱导性、比喻性和启发性。

6、试述体操教学和体操教学原则。

体操教学是教师向学生传授体操知识、技术和技能,培养学生良好思想品质的教育过程。

体操教学原则:①素质先导性、②技能整体性、③安全性、④审美性原则

7、举三例典型的研究性学习教学案例.说出其研究的目的.

答: 1.侧向滑步推实心球。研究目的:启发学生利用所学过的力学知识,分析实心球的受力原理,思考如何才能让实心球飞得更远。

2.跨栏跑。研究目的:克服跨栏跑中学生怕摔伤的恐惧心理,开动脑筋,发挥学生的创造性,从而寻求用其他物体来代替栏杆。在练习过程中按思--练--思的程序反复练习,练完后再找出其成功和失败的原因,通过实践从理性上认识跨栏跑,体验运动乐。

3.弯道跑。研究目的:通过学生们亲身体会弯道跑时克服离心力所做的运动,来进一步的让学生们去总结:如何利用所学过的圆周运动的知识去更好的改正和发展弯道跑的动作要领。8、在体育教学中,如何来提高练习密度和运动负荷

提高练习密度的方法七点:1.尽可能采用全班或分组讲解示范2.采用循环练习法3补充练习或加强素质内容4复习课采用游戏或竞赛法5严格要求6精讲多练7合理布置场地器材

提高运动负荷的方法有:增加练习数量 2提高练习强度 3增强练习密度 4延长练习时间

5提高练习的动作质量

9、体育教学设计的基本内容及要求

体育教学的基本内容包括以下五点1、教学目标 2、教材与学情分析 3、教学方法 4、教学环节与过程 5、课时分配与课后延伸

要求有十点:1对教材和学情进行分析;2制订教学目标明确到位;3准确把握教学重点和教学难点;

4教学设想思路清晰;5教学过程规范流畅;6运用的教法、学法得当;7合理利用教学

资源;

8场地器材布局合理;9预测教学目标达成情况适度;10能关注学生的可持续发展。10、在设计教学目标中,应从哪方面着手?

1)以校为本,以学生为本,根据学校的实际情况,充分利用学校有限资源,拓展学习空间。

2)结合所教学生的身体素质和心理素质特点,确定适合他们的目标,让他们在自己力所能及的氛围中学习;3)对较好的学生增加相应的拓展性内容,从而提高他们学习的兴趣;

4)围绕目标利用教学内容指导学生探究多种实现目标的手段和方法来完成;

5)展示学生探究获得实现目标的手段与方法,让所有学生从中获得启迪;促进他们的思维发展;

6)共同探究,互相帮助,提高学习氛围,促进学生学习兴趣与完成课堂目标同步发展;

福师《英语教学法》在线作业二满分答案

福师《英语教学法》在线作业二 s 1. 按照执行任务的方式,任务可以分为拼版式任务、信息差任务、解决问题式任务和做决定式任务 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: B 满分:2 分得分:2 2. 根据阅读的技巧,阅读有跳读、掠读和细读之分。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: B 满分:2 分得分:2 3. 日常记录指的是记录学生学习过程或反应的非正式笔记,一般通过直接观察记录下来。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: B 满分:2 分得分:2 4. 语言与文化密不可分,语言有很丰富的文化内涵;英语学习中有许多跨文化交际的因素。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: B 满分:2 分得分:2 5. 中学英语教学法是一门综合性的应用科学和实践性很强的学科。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: B 满分:2 分得分:2 6. 在接受学习过程中,学习内容是以问题的形式呈现出来的,学生是问题的发现者。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: A 满分:2 分得分:2 7. 直接法要求直接用外语思维,强调模仿和感知是外语教学的基础。外语学习主要靠机械模仿句子。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: B 满分:2 分得分:2 8. 在学科学习策略的运用上,已有的知识会影响学习策略的选择,也就是说学习者的外语水平不同会导致使用不同的策略。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: B 满分:2 分得分:2 9. 语法从描写的对象看,可以分为教学语法、参考语法以及语言学语法。 A. 错误 B. 正确 正确答案: A 满分:2 分得分:2 10. 外语教学包含两个层次,一是让学生了解语言知识,二是语言性练习。 A. 错误 B. 正确

英语教学法主要流派

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