英语单词 日常高阶

in·duce (?n-doos′, -dyoos′)

tr.v.in·duced, in·duc·ing, in·duc·es

1. To lead or move, as to a course of action, by influence or persuasion. See Synonyms at persuade.

2. To bring about or stimulate the occurrence of; cause: a drug used to induce labor.

3. To infer by inductive reasoning.

4. Physics

a. To produce (an electric current or a magnetic charge) by induction.

b. To produce (radioactivity, for example) artificially by bombardment of a substance with neutrons, gamma rays, and other particles.

5. Biochemistry To initiate or increase the production of (an enzyme

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or other protein) at the level of genetic transcription.

6. Genetics To cause an increase in the transcription of the RNA of

(a gene).

verb

1. cause, produce, create, begin, effect, lead

to, occasion, generate, provoke, motivate, set off, bring about, give rise to, precipitate, incite, instigate, engender, set in motion

an economic crisis induced by high oil prices

cause stop, prevent, curb, suppress, restrain, hinder

2.persuade, encourage, influence, get, move, press, draw, convinc e, urge, prompt, sway, entice, coax, incite, impel, talk someone into , prevail upon, actuate

I would do anything to induce them to stay.

persuade stop, prevent, discourage, deter, dissuade

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rad·i·cal (r?d′?-k?l)

adj.

1. Arising from or going to a root or source; basic:proposed a radical solution to the problem.

2. Departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme:radical opinions on education.

3. Favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions:radical political views.

4. Linguistics Of or being a root: a radical form.

5. Botany Arising from the root or its crown: radical leaves.

6. Slang Excellent; wonderful.

n.

1. One who advocates fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions:radicals seeking to

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overthrow the social order.

2. Mathematics The root of a quantity as indicated by the radical sign.

3. Symbol R An atom or a group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron.

4. Linguistics See root1.

adjective

1.

extreme, complete, entire, sweeping, violent, severe, extensive, wi de-ranging, excessive, thorough, drastic, rigorous, far-reaching, dra conian

periods of radical change

2.

revolutionary, reforming, extreme, militant, progressive, left-wing, e xtremist, reformist, fanatical

political tension between radical and conservative politicians

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3.fundamental, natural, basic, essential, native, constitutional, orga nic, profound, innate, deep-seated, thoroughgoing, hard-wired

the radical differences between them

fundamental minor, token, trivial, superficial, insignificant

noun

1.extremist, revolutionary, militant, reformer, fanatic, left-winger, ze alot, revisionist

a former left-wing radical who was involved with the civil rights movement

extremist conservative, moderate, reactionary

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ac·com·mo·da·tion (?-k?m′?-dā′sh?n)

1.accommodation - making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

adjustment, fitting

readjustment

2.accommodation - a settlement of differences; "they reached an accommodation with Japan"

3. accommodation - in the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality

4.accommodation - living quarters provided for public convenience; "overnight accommodations are available"

5.accommodation - the act of providing something (lodging or seat or food) to meet a need

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noun

1.housing, homes, houses, board, quartering, quarters, shelter, she ltering, lodging(s), dwellings

The government is to provide accommodation for 3000 homeless people.

2.space, places, seats, room

Some trains carry bicycles, but accommodation is restricted.

3.adaptation, change, settlement, compromise, composition, adjust ment, transformation, reconciliation, compliance, modification, alter ation, conformity, makeover

Religions have to make accommodations with larger political structures.

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an·tic·i·pate (?n-t?s′?-pāt′)

v.tr.

1. To feel or realize beforehand; foresee: hadn't anticipated the crowds at the zoo.

2. To look forward to, especially with pleasure; expect:anticipated a pleasant hike in the country.

3. To deal with beforehand; act so as to mitigate, nullify, or prevent: anticipated the storm by boarding up the windows. See Synonyms at expect.

4. To cause to happen in advance; accelerate.

5. To use in advance, as income not yet available.

6. To pay (a debt) before it is due.

v.intr.

To think, speak, or write about a matter in advance.

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an·tic′i·pat′a·ble adj.

an·tic′i·pa′tor n.

an·tic′i·pa·to′ry (-p?-t?r′ē, -tōr′ē) adj.

verb

1.expect, predict, forecast, prepare for, look for, hope for, envisage, foresee, bank

on, apprehend, foretell, think likely, count upon

We could not have anticipated the result of our campaigning.

2. await, look forward to, count the hours until

We are all eagerly anticipating the next match.

3. pre-empt, intercept, forestall, second-guess, beat (someone) to it

You've anticipated my next question.

Usage Note: Some people hold that anticipate is improperly used as a simple synonym for expect; they would restrict its use to situations in which advance action is taken either to forestall (anticipate her

opponent's next move) or to fulfill (anticipate my desires). In earlier

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surveys, however, a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the use of anticipate to mean "to feel or to realize beforehand" and "to look forward to." The word unanticipated, however, is not established as a synonym for unexpected. Thus 77 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the sentence They always set aside a little extra food for unanticipated guests, inasmuch as guests for whom advance provision has been made cannot be said to be unanticipated, though they may very well be unexpected.

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bulk (b?lk)

n.

1. Size, mass, or volume, especially when very large.

2.

a. A distinct mass or portion of matter, especially a large one:the dark bulk of buildings against the sky.

b. The body of a human, especially when large or muscular.

3. The major portion or greater part:"The great bulk of necessary work can never be anything but painful"(Bertrand Russell).

4. See fiber.

5. Thickness of paper or cardboard in relation to weight.

6. A ship's cargo.

v.bulked, bulk·ing, bulks

v.intr.

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1. To be or appear to be massive in terms of size, volume, or importance; loom:Safety considerations bulked large during development of the new spacecraft.

2. To grow or increase in size or importance.

3. To cohere or form a mass:Certain paper bulks well.

v.tr.

1. To cause to swell or expand.

2. To cause to cohere or form a mass.

adj.

Being large in mass, quantity, or volume:a bulk buy; a bulk mailing. Phrasal Verb:

bulk up

To gain weight by gaining muscle: dietary supplements that helped the weightlifters bulk up.

Idiom:

in bulk

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1. Unpackaged; loose.

2. In large numbers, amounts, or volume.

noun

1.size, volume, dimensions, magnitude, substance, vastness, ampli tude, immensity, bigness, largeness, massiveness the shadowy bulk of an ancient barn

2. size, weight, mass, heaviness, poundage, portliness

Despite his bulk he moved lightly on his feet.

3.majority, mass, most, body, quantity, best part, major part, better part, generality, preponderance, main part, plurality, nearly all, greater number

The vast bulk of imports and exports are carried by sea. Bulklarge Propaganda bulks large in their plans.

Usage: The use of a plural noun after bulk, as in sense 3, although common, is considered by some to be incorrect and should be avoided. This usage is most commonly encountered, according to

the Bank of English, when referring to funds and profits: the bulk of

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our profits stem from the sale of beer. The synonyms majority and most would work better in this context.

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de·vice(d?-vīs′)

Noun

1. device - an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose; "the device is small enough to wear on your wrist"; "a device intended to conserve water"

2. device - something in an artistic work designed to achieve a particular effect

3. device - any clever maneuver; "he would stoop to any device to win a point"; "it was a great sales gimmick"; "a cheap promotions gimmick for greedy businessmen"

gimmick, twist

4. device - any ornamental pattern or design (as in embroidery)

5. device - an emblematic design (especially in heraldry); "he was recognized by the device on his shield"

leave one to one's own devices

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leave one to one's own resources

noun

1.gadget, machine, tool, instrument, implement, invention, applia

nce, apparatus, gimmick, utensil, contraption, widget (informal) , contrivance, waldo,

This device can measure minute quantities of matter.

2.ploy, scheme, strategy, plan, design, project, shift, trick, manoe

uvre, stunt, dodge, expedient, ruse, artifice, gambit, stratagem, wile

His actions are obviously a device to buy time.

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rec·on·dite (r?k′?n-dīt′, r?-k?n′dīt′)

adj.

1. Not easily understood; abstruse. See Synonyms at ambiguous.

2. Concerned with or treating something abstruse or obscure: recondite scholarship.

3. Concealed; hidden.

rec′on·dite′ly adv.

rec′on·dite′ness n.

1.difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge;

"the professor's lectures were so abstruse that students tended to avoid them";

"a deep metaphysical theory";

"some recondite problem in historiography"

adjective

obscure, involved, difficult, deep, dark, secret, hidden, mysterious,

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concealed, profound, mystical, esoteric, occult, arcane, abstruse, c abbalistic

Her poems are recondite in subject matter.

simple, straightforward, exoteric

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me·di·um (mē′dē-?m)

Noun

1. medium - a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

2. medium - the surrounding environment; "fish require an aqueous medium"

3. medium - an intervening substance through which signals can travel as a means for communication

4.medium - (bacteriology) a nutrient substance (solid or liquid) that is used to cultivate micro-organisms

5.medium - a liquid with which pigment is mixed by a painter

6. medium -(biology) a substance in which specimens are preserved or displayed

7. medium - an intervening substance through which something is

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achieved; "the dissolving medium is called a solvent"

8. medium - a state that is intermediate between extremes; a middle position; "a happy medium"

9.medium - someone who serves as an intermediary between the living and the dead; "he consulted several mediums"

10.medium - (usually plural) transmissions that are disseminated widely to the public

11.medium - an occupation for which you are especially well suited; "in law he found his true metier"

Adj.

1. medium - around the middle of a scale of evaluation; "an orange of average size"; "intermediate capacity"; "medium bombers"

2. medium - (meat) cooked until there is just a little pink meat inside strike a happy medium and hit a happy medium; find a happy medium

to find a compromise position; to arrive at a position halfway

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