16种时态和语态总结

时态语态总结

说明：

1. 英语有16种时态，其中常见的有10种；

2. 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时四种基本时态均有被动语态。

3. 现在进行时、过去进行时有被动语态，而将来进行时和过去将来进行时没有被动语态。

现在

过去

将来

过去将来

一般

一般现在时 Do ；does

一般过去时 Did

一般将来时 will do ；be going to 过去将来时

would do

被动语态 Be done

Was/were done

Will be done

Be going to be done

Would be done 进行

现在进行时

be doing

过去进行时

was/were doing

将来进行时

will be doing

过去将来进行时

Would have done 被动语态 Am/is/are being done was/were being done 无被动语态

无被动语态 完成

现在完成时

Have/has done

过去完成时

had done 将来完成时

will have done 过去将来完成时 Would have done 被动语态 Have/has been done

had been done 很少使用被动语态 很少使用被动语态 完成进行

现在完成进行时

Have/has been doing 过去完成进行时

Had been doing

将来完成进行时

Will/shall have been doing 过去将来完成进行时

Would have been doing 被动语态 无被动语态

无被动语态 无被动语态

无被动语态

4. 现在完成时、过去完成时有被动语态，将来完成时和过去将来完成时很少用于被动结构。

5. 完成进行时均没有被动语态（包括现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成进行时）。

注意：填充单元格为不常用时态。

▲用法及举例：

1. 一般时态的被动语态

一般时态的被动形式都由“助动词be+过去分词”构成(动作发生时间由be表现出来)

(1) 一般现在时的被动语态

In China, the railways are owned by the state. 在中国，铁路是国有的。

They are asked to shoulder the costs of the repair. 要求他们承担这笔修理费。

The new drug began to operate not long after it is taken. 这种新药服用后不久就会开始见效。

(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：

Each couple was asked to complete a form. 要求每对夫妇填一张表。

The thief was handed over to the police. 这个小偷已经送交派出所了。

He was admitted into the club as a member. 他被接纳为俱乐部的会员。

(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：

The hotel will be closed during repairs. 那家饭店在整修期间将停业。

Light refreshments will be served after the meeting. 会议之后有简单茶点招待。

If you don’t give care to your work, you will be fired. 如果你不细心工作，你会被解聘的。

(3) 过去将来时的被动语态：

He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他会为此受到惩罚。

They were afraid the city would be bombarded. 他们担心城市会受到轰击。

He hoped that he would be assigned a more suitable job. 他希望能分配他更合适的工作。

2. 进行时态的被动语态

进行时态的被动形式都由“助动词be+being+过去分词”构成：

(1) 现在进行时的被动语态：

He is being treated with a new drug. 他正在接受一种新药的治疗。

The studio is being wired for sound. 这个播音室正在安装音响设备用的电线。

The search for a cure for this frequent disease is being funded by the government. 政府正提供资金以探索这种多发病的治疗方法。

(2) 过去进行时的被动语态：

The baby was being nursed at its mother’s breast. 孩子正在母亲怀中吃奶。

A football match was being played nearby. 附近正在举行一场足球赛。

The road was being repaired. We had to make a detour. 正在修路，我们得绕行。

3. 完成时态的被动语态

完成时态的被动形式都以“has (have, had) +been+过去分词”构成：

(1) 现在完成时的被动语态：

Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已预先安排好了。