国际贸易英文重点名词解释整理
国际贸易名词解释英文及简答论述期末考试复习资料
《国际贸易》英文名词解释International Trade(国际贸易)International trade is the international exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events.Free Trade（自由贸易）The main idea of free trade is that supply and demand factors, operating on a global scale, will ensure that production happens efficiently. Therefore, nothing needs to protect or promote trade and growth because market forces will do so automatically.Protectionism（贸易保护主义）In contrast, protectionism holds that regulation of international trade is important to ensure that markets function properly. Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of international trade and they aim to guide the market accordingly.Production Possibilities Curve /Frontier(生产可能性曲线/边界)A Production Possibilities Frontier is a graph that shows the various combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce, given the availablefactors of production and the existing technology .Opportunity Cost(机会成本)Opportunity Cost means whatever must be given up to obtain some item. Supply Curve(供给曲线)A Supply Curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied.Demand Curve (需求曲线)A Demand Curve is a graph that describes the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.Excess Supply Curve（出口供给曲线）Because Excess Supply is a situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded, Excess Supply Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts the relationship between the price and the available quantity for export of a product. Excess Supply Curve can be derived from subtracting a supply curve with a corresponding demand curve.Excess Demand Curve（进口需求曲线）Because Excess Demand is a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied, Excess Demand Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts therelationship between the price and the desirable quantity for import of a product. Excess Demand Curve can be derived from subtracting a demand curve with a corresponding supply curve.Consumer Surplus(消费者剩余)Consumer Surplus means a buyer’s willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually pays. Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market.Producer Surplus (生产者剩余)Producer Surplus is the amount a seller is paid for a good minus the seller’s cost. Producer surplus measures the benefit to sellers of participating in a market.Economies of Scale(规模经济)Economies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost falls as the quantity of output increases.Diseconomies of Scale(规模不经济)Diseconomies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost rises as the quantity of output increases.Constant Returns to Scale(规模报酬不变)Constant Returns to Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost stays the same as the quantity of output changes.Indifference Curve(无差异曲线)Indifference Curve is a curve that shows consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction.The Gravity Model(引力模型)In its basic form, the gravity model assumes that only size and distance(经济规模和距离) are important for trade in the following way：Tij = A x Yi x Yj /Dij 两国之间的贸易规模与经济规模成正比，与两国之间的距离成反比。
国际贸易名词解释
国际贸易名词解释1.国际贸易（nale Trade)是指世界各国（或地区）之间商品和劳务的交换活动，是各国在国际分工的基础上相互联系的主要形式，反映了世界各国在经济上的相互联系与依赖的关系。
2.净出口（净进口）是指一国（或地区）在一定时期内（一般以一年度计算），在同种商品上既有进口也有出口，当出口数大于（或小于）进口数时称之。
3.复出口（复进口）是指国外（本国）商品进口（出口）后未经加工制造又出口（进口）。
4.贸易条件：一般指出口商品价格与进口商品价格之间的比率，又称“进出换比价”或“交换比价”。
由于所涉及的是一个国家的种类繁多的所有进出口商品的价格，固常用贸易条件指数。
5.对外贸易量：指用进出口商品的计量单位（如数量、重量等）表示的反映贸易规模的指标。
它可以剔除价格波动的影响，是世界贸易组织和大多数国家采用来衡量贸易规模的指标。
6.对外贸易依存度：是一个国家在一定时期内进出口贸易值与该国同期国民（国内）生产总值（GNP、GDP）的对比关系。
是衡量一个国家国民经济发展对对外贸易依赖程度的一个指标，可细分为进口与出口对外依存度7.过境贸易（Transit Trade）指贸易货物在运输途中经过一国国境，这些货物既不在该国销售，该国也不参与到贸易当中，只是供给交通的便利，并收取少量费用。
8.转口贸易（EntreportTrade）转口贸易是指一国(或地区)进口某种商品不是以消费为目的，而是将它作为商品再向别国出口的贸易活动。
9.国际分工(XXX)：是指世界各国(地区)之间的劳动分工，是各国生产者通过世界市场形成的劳动联系，也是国际贸易和各国（地区）经济联系的基础。
它还是各国民经济发展到一定阶段，国民经济内部分工超越国家界限发展的结果，同时也是生产社会化向国际化发展的趋势。
10.资源禀赋：是指一国自然拥有地各种生产要素（通常指土地、劳动、资本）的数量。
11.要素密集度(Factor Intensity)指产品出产中某种要素投入比例的大小，如果某要素投入比例大，称为该要素密集度程度高。
国际贸易双语版的名词解释
国际贸易双语版的名词解释国际贸易是各国之间进行商品和服务交换的过程，它是推动全球经济发展和促进国际合作的重要方式之一。
随着全球化的加速，国际贸易的重要性也日益凸显。
国际贸易涉及众多专业名词，理解这些名词对于从事国际贸易工作的人来说至关重要。
在这篇文章中，我们将解释一些常见的国际贸易名词，并提供其汉语和英语对应术语。
1. 关税（Tariff）关税是政府对进口和出口商品征收的一种税收。
它是用来保护国内产业免受外来竞争的工具之一。
关税可以根据商品的种类和数量来设定，常见的关税类型有进口关税和出口关税。
Tariff is a type of tax imposed by the government on imported and exported goods. It is used as a tool to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. Tariffs can be set based on the type and quantity of goods. Common types of tariffs include import tariffs and export tariffs.2. 自由贸易协定（Free Trade Agreement）自由贸易协定是两个或多个国家之间就贸易条件和关税等问题达成的协议。
自由贸易协定旨在减少或消除各种贸易限制，包括关税和非关税壁垒，以促进自由贸易和经济合作。
Free Trade Agreement is an agreement reached between two or more countries on trade conditions, tariffs, and other issues. Free Trade Agreements aim to reduce or eliminate various trade restrictions, including tariffs and non-tariff barriers, in order to promote free trade and economic cooperation.3. 关税壁垒（Tariff Barrier）关税壁垒指的是通过设定高额关税或其他限制措施，以限制或阻碍他国商品进入本国市场的手段。
外贸常见的名词解释英语
外贸常见的名词解释英语外贸是指国际贸易，是各国之间进行商品和服务交换的活动。
在外贸领域中，有很多常见的名词，这些名词代表着外贸活动中的关键概念和流程。
在本文中，我将解释一些外贸常见名词的英语表达，帮助读者更好地了解和应用这些概念。
1. 出口（Export）出口是指将产品或服务从一个国家销售到其他国家。
在国际贸易中，出口是一个重要的方式，通过出口，企业可以拓展市场，增加经济收入。
英语中，"export"是指商品或服务的出口。
2. 进口（Import）进口是指从其他国家购买产品或服务引入到本国内。
进口是国际贸易中另一个重要流程，通过进口，国家可以购买到外国的商品和技术，满足本国市场需求。
英语中，"import"是指商品或服务的进口。
3. 贸易平衡（Trade Balance）贸易平衡指的是一个国家在一定时期内出口与进口之间的差额。
如果出口大于进口，就称为贸易顺差；如果进口大于出口，就称为贸易逆差。
贸易平衡对于一个国家的经济状况非常重要。
英语中，"trade balance"是指贸易平衡。
4. 关税（Tariff）关税是指对进口或出口货物征收的税收。
关税的目的可以是保护国内产业，促进本国经济发展，或者平衡贸易。
英语中，"tariff"指的是关税。
5. 进口配额（Import Quota）进口配额是指限制某些商品进入本国的数量。
进口配额可以通过设置出口国限额和进口商配额等方式来实施。
进口配额是保护本国产业和平衡贸易的一种手段。
英语中，"import quota"是指进口配额。
6. 自由贸易协定（Free Trade Agreement）自由贸易协定是两个或多个国家之间达成的贸易协议，以减少或消除贸易壁垒，促进贸易自由化。
自由贸易协定可以降低关税、取消进口配额、提供知识产权保护等。
英语中，"free trade agreement"表示自由贸易协定。
国际贸易实务术语总结
国际贸易实务术语总结国际贸易实务术语总结一：贸易术语1. 出口（Export）: 指将商品、服务或资本从一个国家出售到另一个国家。
2. 进口（Import）: 指从一个国家购买并引入商品、服务或资本。
3.贸易逆差（Trade deficit）: 当一个国家的进口超过其出口时，经济上出现贸易逆差。
4.贸易顺差（Trade surplus）: 当一个国家的出口大于进口时，经济上出现贸易顺差。
5.关税（Tariff）: 是对进出口商品征收的税费，可以用来控制进口、保护本国产业或增加收入。
6.关税配额（Tariff quota）: 是限制特定商品进口数量的措施，通常在达到配额后需支付更高的关税。
7.非关税壁垒（Non-tariff barrier）: 是指非关税形式的贸易限制，包括配额、进口许可、技术标准等。
8.自由贸易区（Free Trade Area）: 是指一组国家通过降低或取消关税和非关税壁垒来促进自由贸易的区域。
9.关税同盟（Customs Union）: 是自由贸易区的一种更深度的一体化形式，成员国在对外贸易时实行统一的关税政策。
10.最惠国待遇（Most Favoured Nation treatment）: 是指一个国家给予其他国家的最优惠贸易条件，不能对某个国家给予更好的贸易待遇。
二：国际支付术语1.信用证（Letter of Credit）: 是银行以买方为指示人，在购买商品后为卖方提供保付款项的文件。
2.跟单信用证（Documentary Letter of Credit）: 除了支付任务，还要求卖方提供与货物相关的文件，如提单、装箱单等。
3.保函（Bank Guarantee）: 是银行为了保证某人或企业履行合同、支付款项等义务而出具的书面保证。
4.电汇（Telegraphic Transfer）: 是一种通过银行电子转账方式进行的国际支付。
5.托收（Collection）: 是一种付款方式，出口商通过银行要求进口商支付，银行收取费用并帮助卖方收款。
国际贸易专业术语解释
国际贸易专业术语解释1. “FOB（Free on Board），就是船上交货呀！比如说，你要出口一批货物，在货物装上船那一刻，责任就从你转移到买家啦！这就好像接力比赛，你把接力棒交到对方手里，后面的路就靠他们啦！”2. “CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight），成本、保险加运费哟！好比你是卖家，不仅要负责货物的成本，还要买好保险，把货物安全送到目的地，就像是你给货物买了张一路平安的票呢！比如你卖东西给国外客户，用CIF 术语，你就得把这些都安排好呀！”3. “EXW（Ex Works），工厂交货呀！这就相当于你在自己工厂门口就把货物交给买家啦，之后的事情都由他们搞定，是不是很简单直接？就像你把做好的蛋糕放在店门口，顾客自己来拿走就行啦！”4. “FCA（Free Carrier），货交承运人呢！想象一下，你把货物交给运输公司的那个人，这时候责任就转移啦！就如同你把包裹交给快递员，之后就看快递员的啦！比如你和对方约定 FCA，你把货交给承运人就完成任务咯！”5. “CPT（Carriage Paid To），运费付至呀！就是说你要承担把货物运到指定地点的运费呢！这就好像你给朋友寄东西，你付了邮费一样，只不过这个距离更远啦！比如你要把货物运到某个地方，用 CPT 术语，你得把运费掏了哦！”6. “CIP（Carriage and Insurance Paid To），运费、保险费付至呢！哇塞，这就不仅要付运费，还要买保险哦！就像你送贵重物品给别人，不仅要付运费让它到对方那里，还要买保险以防万一呀！比如你用 CIP 术语，这些都得安排妥妥的！”7. “DAT（Delivered at Terminal），运输终端交货呀！就是货物到了指定的运输终端，责任就转移啦！好比你送东西到快递驿站，到了那里你就完成任务了呢！比如说你和对方约定 DAT，货物到了那个终端，你就可以松口气啦！”8. “DAP（Delivered at Place），目的地交货呢！这可厉害啦，要把货物送到指定的地点哟！就像你给朋友送礼物，直接送到他家门口一样！比如你用 DAP 术语，得把货物一路护送到目的地哦！”9. “DDP（Delivered Duty Paid），完税后交货呀！这可是最厉害的一个，你要承担所有的责任和费用，包括关税啥的！就像你给别人准备了一份超级豪华大礼包，什么都包了！比如你答应 DDP，那可真得把一切都搞定呀！”10. “L/C（Letter of Credit），信用证哟！这就像是给买家和卖家之间的一个保障，银行做担保呢！比如说买家开个信用证，卖家就放心发货，不用担心收不到钱啦！是不是很靠谱呢？”我的观点结论就是：这些国际贸易专业术语都很重要呀，搞清楚它们，才能在国际贸易中少走弯路，顺利完成交易呢！。
国际贸易名词解释英文及简答论述 期末考试复习
《国际贸易》英文名词解释International Trade(国际贸易)International trade is the international exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events.Free Trade（自由贸易）The main idea of free trade is that supply and demand factors, operating on a global scale, will ensure that production happens efficiently. Therefore, nothing needs to protect or promote trade and growth because market forces will do so automatically.Protectionism（贸易保护主义）In contrast, protectionism holds that regulation of international trade is important to ensure that markets function properly. Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of international trade and they aim to guide the market accordingly. Production Possibilities Curve /Frontier(生产可能性曲线/边界)A Production Possibilities Frontier is a graph that shows the various combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce, given the available factors of production and the existing technology . Opportunity Cost(机会成本)Opportunity Cost means whatever must be given up to obtain some item.Supply Curve(供给曲线)A Supply Curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied.Demand Curve (需求曲线)A Demand Curve is a graph that describes the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.Excess Supply Curve（出口供给曲线）Because Excess Supply is a situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded, Excess Supply Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts the relationship between the price and the available quantity for export of a product. Excess Supply Curve can be derived from subtracting a supply curve with a corresponding demand curve.Excess Demand Curve（进口需求曲线）Because Excess Demand is a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied, Excess Demand Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts the relationship between the price and the desirable quantity for import of a product. Excess Demand Curve can be derived from subtracting a demand curve with a corresponding supply curve.Consumer Surplus(消费者剩余)Consumer Surplus means a buyer’s willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually pays. Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market.Producer Surplus (生产者剩余)Producer Surplus is the amount a seller is paid for a good minus the seller’s cost. Producer surplus measures the benefit to sellers of participating in a market.Economies of Scale(规模经济)Economies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost falls as the quantity of output increases.Diseconomies of Scale(规模不经济)Diseconomies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost rises as the quantity of output increases.Constant Returns to Scale(规模报酬不变)Constant Returns to Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost stays the same as the quantity of output changes. Indifference Curve(无差异曲线)Indifference Curve is a curve that shows consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction.The Gravity Model(引力模型)In its basic form, the gravity model assumes that only size and distance(经济规模和距离) are important for trade in the following way：Tij = A x Yi x Yj /Dij两国之间的贸易规模与经济规模成正比，与两国之间的距离成反比。
国际贸易 名词解释中英文 自己整理
国际贸易名词解释中英文自己整理成本差异的原因是：不同的国家有不同的要素禀赋；生产不同的商品需要不同的要素密度。
因此，不同国家在不同商品的生产上才会有相对的优势。
结论：一个国家应该出口那些密集地使用其供应充裕和价格低廉的要素生产的商品，进口那些密集地使用其供应稀缺和价格昂贵的要素生产的商品，才能从贸易中获利。
古典贸易理论：机会成本（opportunity cost）：生产某种产品而必须放弃的能够生产除此以外最大可获收益的产品的代价。
The amount of another item must be given up in order to release sufficient resources to produce one more unit of a given item.机会成本不变的存在需要两个条件：第一，两种产品生产中所使用的要素比例固定不变，并且可以相互替代；第二，所有产品中使用的同一要素都是同质的。
国际分工(International Division of Labor)：指世界上各国（地区）之间的劳动分工，是各国生产者通过世界市场形成的劳动联系，是国际贸易和各国（地区）经济联系的基础。
Division of labor or specialization is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase the productivity of labor.完全分工Complete Specialization: The utilization of all of a nation’s resources in the production of only one commodity with trade. This usually occurs under constant costs. 不完全分工Incomplete Specialization: The continued production of both commodities in both nations with increasing costs.绝对优势（absolute advantage）各国间存在的生产技术上的差别，以及由此造成的劳动生产率和生产成本的绝对差别，是国际分工和国际贸易的基础。
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（1）Immiserizing growth:the situation where a nation’s terms of trade deteriorate so much as a result of growth that the nation is worse off after growth than before,even if growth without trade tends to improve the nation’s welfare.
（2）H-O theory：the theory that postulates that (a) a nation exports commodities intensive in its relatively abundant and cheap factor and (b) international trade brings about equalization in returns to homogeneous factors across countries.
（3）Factor-price equalization theorem: the part of the H-O theory that predicts,under highly restrictive assumptions,that international trade will bring about equalization in relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors across nations.
（4）Stolper-Samuelson theorem: it postulates that free international trade reduces the real income of the nation’s relatively scarce factor and increases the real income of the nation’s relatively abundant factor.
（5）Specific-factors model:the model to analyze the effect of a change in commodity price on the returns of factors in a nation when at least one factor is not mobile between industries.
（6）Leontief paradox:the empirical finding that U.S. Import substitutes were more K intensive than U.S. Exports.this is contrary to the H-O trade model,which predicts that ,as the most K-abundant nation,the United States should import L-intensive products and export K-intensive products.
（7）Differentiated products:the somewhat different products(such as automobiles)produced by different manufacturers in the same industry or general product group.
（8）Intra-industry trade:international trade in the differentiated products of the same industry or broad product group.
（9）Product cycle model:the hypothesis,advanced by Vernon,that new products introduced by industrial nations and produced with skilled labor eventually become standardized and can be produced in other nations with less skilled labor.
(13)optimum tariff: the tariff that maximizes the net benefit resulting from improvement in the nation’s terms of trade against the negative effect resulting fro m reduction in the volume of trade.
(14)Terms of trade effect of a tariff: the reduction in the price of the import commodity that results when a large nation imposes an import tariff.
(15)Nominal tariff: A tariff calculated on the price of a final commodity.
(16)Rate of effective protection: The tariff calculated on the domestic value added in the production of a commodity.
(17)Rybczynski theorem: postulates that at constant commodity prices,an increase in the endowment of one factor will increase by a greater proportion the output of the commodity intensive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity. (18)Customs union: removes all barriers on trade among members and harmonizes trade policies toward the rest of the world.
(19)
external economies：Economists define external economies as productivity gains and costs reductions that an individual firm reaps from the expansion of other firms in the same industry.
(20)Export subsidies: the granting of tax relief and subsidized loans to potential exporters,and low-interest loans to foreign buyers of the nation’s exports.
(21)Trade gain: the increase in consumption in each nation resulting from specialization in production and trading.
(22)Absolute advantage: the greater efficiency that one nation may have over another in
the production of a commodity.This was the basis for trade for Adam Smith.
(23)技术性贸易壁垒
Technical barriers to trade TBT
Unreasonable or unwarranted characteristics or specifications (such as the level of performance, packaging, quality, or safety) that a product must meet before being allowed into a country.
(24)Technological gap model
The hypothesis that a portion of international trade is based on the introduction of new products or processes.
(25)重叠需求理论overlapping demands:trade in manufactures is likely to be largest among countries with similar tastes and income levels.
(26)经济一体化Economic integration: the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only among the nations joining together.
经济增长。