实例解析托福阅读选非题
托福阅读8种题型介绍
托福阅读8种题型介绍为了帮助大家备考托福，对托福阅读的题型有一个详细的了解，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读8种题型介绍。
托福阅读8种题型介绍一、细节题特征：没有特征(因为其他题型都有各自的特征)数量：每篇3-6题难度：变化很大策略：随机应变二、选非题特征：NOT/EXCEPT数量：每篇1题难度：较低策略：一定要做对三、推理题特征：infer、imply数量：每篇1-2题难度：很高策略：可以放四、修辞题：特征：(1)题干与原文被打上了阴影(2)个选项的开头为TO+关键动词(这些动词代表某个修饰手法，这样的动词很少，所以遇到都要记住)PS：这类题目有可能会变形五、词汇题特征：(1)题干与原文被打上了阴影(2)以the word/phrase开头数量：每篇3-6题难度：非常简单策略：一定要做对六、指代题特征：(1)原文与题干被打上阴影(2)打上阴影的是某个代词数量：1题难度：较低(可以直接测试语法能力)策略：要做对七、复述题特征：(1)原文中一个完整的句子被打上阴影(2)题干为：which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.数量：1题难度：很难或者很简单八、插句题特征：黑色小方框(■)数量：1题难度：较低策略：要做对九、归总题特征：两排六个选项数量：1题难度：1分很简单，2分有点难策略：保1争2新增题型(参考TPO5)：四选二题型：是细节题的变形全文归纳题：可以去归总题找答案第二部分各题型解题技巧串讲阅读的步骤：第1步：把动滚动条拉到底再拉到顶第2步：点review键，做完词汇题(不看原文)，同时关注一下是否有选非题(因为与原文对应的东西很多)第3步：边看边做阅读，要按顺序做(因为托福阅读，题目顺序和题目对应原文的顺序几乎一致。
托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析
托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析句子简化题做法介绍托福阅读句子简化题怎么做?托福阅读的句子简化题要求考生快速地把文章段落中打上阴影的一个长难句简化成一个意思不变的同义句。
解答句子简化题其实有一个规律，那就是：原句的核心信息在正确选项中一定被同义改写了，但是句子中的重要的逻辑关系是不会变的。
知道这个规律，解开这道题就变得简单了。
托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧实例讲解下面，我们来看官方真题Official3Desertification这篇文章的句子简化题：The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people.B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land.C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort.D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。
托福阅读题型否定事实信息题实例解析 (1)
【托福阅读题型】否定事实信息题实例解析（四）否定事实信息题是托福阅读的最常见题型之一，因为此题需要用排除法，且通常要阅读四句话以上的文字，它相当于四道事实信息题，所以它属于比较耗费时间的题型。
那么，下面我们就为大家带来相关的例题。
托福阅读否定事实信息题例题4：Paragraph 3：Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemicalproperties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in asystematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those propertiesovertime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. Generally, the layeringoccurs on an annual basis, hence the observed changes in the records can bedated. Information on temperature, rainfall, and other aspects of the climatethat can be inferred from the systematic changes in properties is usuallyreferred to as proxy data. Proxy temperature records have been reconstructedfrom ice core drilled out of the central Greenland ice cap, calcite shellsembedded in layered lake sediments in Western Europe, ocean floor sediment coresfrom the tropical Atlantic Ocean, ice cores from Peruvian glaciers, and icecores from eastern Antarctica. While these records provide broadly consistentindications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there arenonetheless some intriguing differences, which suggest that the pattern oftemperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly fromeach other.Paragraph 4：What the proxy records make abundantly clear is that there havebeen significant natural changes in the climate over timescales longer than a few thousand years. Equally striking, however, is the relative stability of the climate in the past 10.000 years (the Holocene period).According to paragraphs 3 and 4, proxy data have suggested all of the following about the climate EXCEPT:1.Regional climates may change overtime.2.The climate has changed very little in the past 10.000 years.3.Global temperatures vary more than regional temperatures.4.Important natural changes in climate have occurred over large timescales. 托福阅读否定事实信息题练习题答案：3。
托福阅读TPO22答案解析
托福阅读答案1.location位置，所以正确答案是D的place。
这题送分的，千万别想难了选sake就完蛋了，location完全没有sake的意思。
2.以时间做关键词定位至第一句，说一个meteor碎成了很多碎片落在了长多少宽多少的区域内。
A错，不是那个meteor ten miles wide，是那个区域；B的biggest没说也没有相关信息可以推断，而且太绝对；C正确，原文第二句说收集了大致两吨的碎片，碎片都有两吨了，那meteor自然不止两吨，所以C正确；D的more pieces 原文没有信息可以推断，不选。
3.这个句子看上去有点儿复杂，但把没用的部分去掉之后，剩下的东西并不多，只有when blabla，A包含各种各样的objects，后面的一大堆东西都是修饰objects的，所以正确答案是B。
A选项的A form原文没说，而且cloud of gas and dust got trapped原文也没说；C和D的主干完全错误。
4.allusion暗指，暗示，所以正确答案是D的reference。
原文说C这个东西的名字来源于希腊语，意思是种子，什么它的外表是石头里面包含很多种子，带进去就知道答案应该是reference，指的是外表blabla。
A添加B改变明显不对；C的resemblance看起来对，但其实不是像外表，而是外表像种子，所以C也不对。
5.enigmatic神秘的，成谜的，来自enigma谜，所以正确答案是B的mysterious。
原文说一些C包含了melting之后剩下的颗粒，这些怎么样的颗粒一定是在高温下nebular dust were fused的时候形成的。
都说了这些颗粒是survive过了melting event，也就是说别的都融化了，所以这些颗粒比较神奇，答案是B。
A和C 明显不对，D稍靠谱，但没有B好，而且本段最后还说是enigma，是一个谜。
6.以presence of grains inside some of the chondrules做关键词定位至第四句，也就是刚才词汇题所在的那句，说C包含了melting之后剩下的颗粒，这些神奇的颗粒一定是在高温下nebular dust were fused的时候形成的，然后快速冷却，所以正确答案是B。
托福阅读例题分析及答案
托福阅读例题分析及答案The answer to the question "What types of long-term stability do ecosystems achieve?" may be found in the passage's consideration of the assembly rules that underlie the structure of plant communities. Plant communities are able to achieve long-term stability assemblages through a combination of structuring factors that create both environmental filtering and species sorting. Environmental filtering results from the spatial heterogeneity found within plant communities, which creates micro-environments that select for certain traits. For example, some shaded areas may be more moist, while others may be drier. Species sorting results from the plant species' abilities to disperse and occupy different niches within the plant community. This process results in species becoming spatially separated, which reduces competition and increases stability.The assembly rules that underlie the structure of plant communities are key to understanding long-term stability in ecosystems. The assembly rules dictate which species can occupy certain niches, and in turn influence the species richness and diversity of theplant community. A plant community's species richness and diversity directly impact its ability to withstand environmental change. Plant communities with high species richness and diversity are more likely to have keystone species, which are essential to the health and function of the ecosystem. Keystone species play a particularly important role in maintaining ecosystem stability.A plant community's long-term stability also depends on its resiliency, or its ability to bounce back from environmental change or disturbance. Resilient plant communities are more likely to withstand perturbations, such as herbivore outbreaks or severe weather events, and are better able to recover once the disturbance has passed. Key factors influencing plant community resiliency include species richness and diversity, community evenness, and functional group diversity. Plant communities with high species richness and diversity are more likely to have keystone species, which are essential to the health and function of the ecosystem.The answer to the question "What are some factors that influence plant community assembly?" may be found in the passage's discussion of extrfloral nectaries.Extrfloral nectaries are structures located at the base of each sepal that attract several different species of ants. These ants provide protection to the plant by defending it from herbivores and competing plant species. In return for this protection, the plant provides the ants with nectar, which the ants collect and store in their underground chambers. These chambers serve as a source of water and food for the ants, as well as a refuge in case of emergency.The extrfloral nectary example is used to demonstrate how plants can attract specific pollinators or herbivore controllers to increase the health and function of the ecosystem. This is turn助于increase plant community assembly and long-term stability.答案示例：生态系统可以达到哪些类型的长期稳定性？答：生态系统可以达到的环境过滤和物种分类的长期稳定性。
托福阅读TPO23答案解析
托福阅读答案1.infrequent不常见的，所以正确答案是uncommon，单词是frequent加否定前缀构成的。
原文说最初encounter怎么样，从十九世纪晚期，awareness变多了，也就是原来很少，所以正确答案是B，其他选项都与多或者少不沾边。
2.以二十世纪做关键词定位至最后一句，说二十世纪的后几十年人们更多花功夫在理解和记录rock art的abundance上，所以正确答案是D，understanding and documenting。
其他选项都没说。
3.relatively相对地，相关地，所以正确答案是comparatively。
原文说对这种art的研究是一个怎么样新的学科在澳洲。
接着说在过去的四十年中，也就是说已经研究了四十年了，也不能算很新，只是时间相对短罢了，所以正确答案B。
A全新，C明显新，和D特别新，都不对。
4.discern辨别，察觉，所以正确答案是identity。
从单词本身看，dis有分开之意，cern有确定，弄清之意，想想concern，所以两者合在一起必然有区分、辨别之意。
原文说australian rock art的stylicorganization究竟是什么，是否有可能怎么样一个sequence或者一种pattern，所以答案是C。
repeat和apply不沾边，indicate有暗示，指明之意，而原文没有，不选。
5.revise修改，所以正确答案是change。
从单词本身看，re表示再次，vise是看，想想supervise和devise，所以两者合在一起必有改的意思。
原文说rock art的年龄一直在怎么样，接着又说因为有新发现，所以更早的定年出现了，所以年龄是被改变了，D正确。
raise错，年龄不能一直被提出；challenge和discuss都没提出结果，而且也跟再次没关系，不选。
6.原句的结构是frequency导致专家采用了一个term，lead to说明存在因果关系，正确答案是 B。
托福阅读TPO30答案解析
Role of Play in DevelopmentPlay is easier to define with examples than withconcepts. In any case, in animals it consists ofleaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, andother movements, either along, with objects, or withother animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for socialinteraction,exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that itinvolves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance—dominance, predation,competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention ofthe animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone.用例证来定义玩耍要比用概念简单得多。
在任何情况下，动物间的玩耍都包括跳跃，奔跑，攀登，投掷，格斗和另外的一些动作，而玩耍的对象可能有其它物品或者动物。
根据物种的不同，玩耍的目的主要包括社交，锻炼，或探索。
定义“玩耍”的难点之一是，玩耍过程中常常包含一些与其它情况下相似的行为，例如统治，捕食，竞争和搏斗。
托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路
托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路托福阅读的题型种类很多，而不同题型需要的解题思路技巧也各有差异。
其中推理题作为难度较高简洁出错的题型,我整理了一些应对推理题的小攻略，下面我就和大家共享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路托福阅读备考的一个重点就是学习阅读10大题型各自的应对解题技巧。
许多同学之所以阅读解题效率低下正确率不高，问题就出在没有根据题型的特点来优化解题思路。
下面我就来为大家实例讲解托福阅读推理题的应对技巧和解题思路。
托福阅读推理题题型介绍托福阅读推理题可分为两类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。
根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。
一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。
对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
返回原文找信息点，接受排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。
托福阅读推理题解题信息点讲解托福阅读解题需要留意这些信息点： 1. 日期和数字 2. 各类关键词表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的：not only ,not exclusively等。
托福阅读推理题3种具体解题思路分析1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否认掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。
当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否认掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的削减。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
实例解析托福阅读选非题简言之，选非题要求考生选一个不符合题干要求的选项。
注意看清楚，是“不符合”的选项!下面就和大家分享实例解析托福阅读选非题，希望能够帮助到你们，快来一起学习吧。
实例解析托福阅读选非题对于这种题型，解题步骤如下：1. 鉴别题型：大写单词EXCEPT / NOT2. 审题：寻找题干核心词3. 定位：确定出题区间，找到列举信息4. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三个选项下面我们借官方真题Official例题来看看选非题的解题过程。
官方真题Official34-3 Protection of Plants by Insects【Paragraph 5】Extrafloralnectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, less than aquarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flowerdevelops and while the fruit matures. Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers, caterpillars,and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied byants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet.Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they laytheir eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.12. According to paragraph 5, antsdefend morning glory plants from seed beetles in each of the following waysEXCEPTA. driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feetB. catching and eating adult beetlesC. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruitsD. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruitsEXCEPT选非过程：1. 审题：找到题干核心词seed beetles2. 定位：确定出题区间，找到列举信息Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drivethem away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.3. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三个选项，注意选项的同义改写B. catching and eating adult beetles抓捕和吃掉成年甲壳虫= the ants prey onthe adult beetles 蚂蚁捕食成年甲壳虫C. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits吃掉在水果上的甲壳虫卵= eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay 蚂蚁吃掉甲壳虫成功产下的卵D. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits 使甲壳虫很难再发育的水果上产卵= disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits 蚂蚁干扰正在水果上产卵的雌性甲壳虫有同学说，A选项nipping at their feet(夹它们的脚)也对应了原文they drive them away by nipping at their feet，那我们来看看nipping at their feet这句话原句具体信息：Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers,they drive them away by nipping at their feet.尽管蚂蚁还不足以大到能够杀死或严重伤害蚂蚱，但是蚂蚁可以通过夹它们的脚赶走蚂蚱。
所以，本题最后的答案是：ATIPS:1. 符合题干要求的三个选项一般以列举形式出现，比如a, b, and c;或者first，second 、moreover / furthermore, third / final等。
2. 当四个选项都在原文当中出现时，必定有一个答非所问，请注意看清题干要求官方真题Official20-1 Westward Migration【Paragraph 2】Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of someAmericans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break there after lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of newhomes,material success, and better lives.4. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPTA. the desire to move from one place to the nextB. the hope of improving their socioeconomic statusC. the opportunity to change jobsD. the need to escape religious or political crises点评：本题是一道非常经典的选非题，很多同学在做本题时都会很快的排除D选项，因为D：the need to escapereligious or political crises实在太容易在原文当中找到对应的句子：The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.所以，很多同学在排除D选项之后，好得意哟!但，D选项就是咱们的正确答案!What!!!下面，我们来看一下解题过程。