《研究生英语》(2..
研究生英语阅读教程(二)提高级翻译
Lesson 11.昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。
Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives.2.佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。
”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。
”“We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.”3.美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。
其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。
许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。
In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings.4.报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。
《研究生英语》课件 (2)
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《研究生英语》PPT课件 (2)
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研究生英语高级教程(第二版) 练习答案及参考译文
Unit 1Move Over, Big BrotherBackground Information1. Big Brother: An omnipresent, seemingly benevolent figure representing the oppressive control over individual lives exerted by an authoritarian government. (after Big Brother, a character in the novel 1984 by George Orwell)Answer keysI. Reading comprehension1. B2. C3. D4. A5. D6. B7. D8. B9. D 10.CⅡ. VocabularyA. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. DB. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. BⅢ. Cloze1. C2. D3. B4. B5. B6. A7. C8. A9. D 10. DⅣ. TranslationA.人们已经越来越意识到计算机的某些应用对我们所谓的“个人隐私”这种抽象的价值观可能带来的影响。
过去，冗繁的活字印刷技术抑制了人们搜集并保存同伴信息的欲望，因而限制了个人信息的记载。
但现在许多人已表示担忧,由于计算机信息容量大、准确无误、储存信息久，它可能会成为监视系统的中心，使社会变成透明的世界，将家庭、财政收支、社交等暴露在各种各样漫不经心的观察者面前，这些人中有些是病态的好奇者，也有居心不良或刺探商业情报的人。
B. Anyone who googles for a website or looks up a friend on Facebook is likely to have those actions recorded and stored on a database somewhere. Although many internet users seem to remain unaware of the fact that big governmental and corporate brother is watching you, every now and again something brings a reminder of the ever greater amount of personal information being gathered.Ⅴ. Fast reading1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C参考译文老大哥，移过去一点[1] 对路易十四而言，即使在卧室里生活没有隐私都不是问题。
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题真题(打印版)
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually arequirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-beworkers do not get left behind.. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demandwill change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, findsthat on average 42 per cent of the core skills " within job roles willchange by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can onlyimagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one Forindividual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workerswhose skills are no longer demand and replace them with thosewhose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given asthe gold standard of a company who decided to do a massivereskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy.ultimatelyretraining 18,000employees. Prepandemic,othercompanies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to createtheir own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economythough, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts inCanada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and havegiven us a situation where we frequently hear of employers beggingfor workers even at times and In regionswhere unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is veryhigh indeed. In February,at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively,unemployment rates inCanada and the United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As of May, those rates had spiked up to13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortageshad disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take anobvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clearshortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnelOf course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter andtrain him to be a doctor in a few weeks, no matter who pays for it.Buteven if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, anddoing so would be to the benefit of all concerned That seems to bethe case in Sweden, where the pandemickick-started a retrainingprogram where business as well as government had a role.Reskiling in this way would be challenging in a North Americancontext. You can easily imagine a chorus of"you cant do that,"because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and usingany support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end indisaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work 'ell inSweden,with its history of co-operation between business,labourand government, but not in North Americawhere our history is verydifferent. Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinarythings take place, but it is business as usualafter the fact.And yet, asin war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapidreskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case,Swedens work force is now more skilled, in more things,and moreflexible than it was before.Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or thepostpandemic world,are expensive and at a time when everyonesbudgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them.Thenagain,extending income support programs to get us through thenext months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having aswath of long-term unemployed in thePOST-COVID years Given that,perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic canjump-start us to a place where reskilling becomes much more than abuzzword.B.PreDaacancies for the unemplovo teau.e1C. Retrain their cabin staff for better servicesD.finance their staff' s college educationText 2When Microsoft bought task managennent app Wunderlist andmobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it pickecup two newcomers thatwere attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft' s ownOffice dominates the market for"productivity"software, but thestart-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from theground up for the smartphone world.Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it hadused their best features in its own productsTheir teams of engineersstayed on, making them two of the many" acqui-hires"that thebiggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for techtalent.To Microsoft’ s critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise areexamples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up anyinnovative companies that lie in their path. " They bought theseedlings and closed them down,"complained Paul Arnold, a partnerat San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businessesthat might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tccomment.Like other start-up investors,Mr Arnold ' s own business oftendepends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies,though headmits to mixed feelings about the result:"I think these things aregood for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for theAmerican economy? I don' t know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answerto that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US techcompanies for information about their many smallacquisitions ovelthe past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, therequest has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stagetech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tn,riflingthrough such small deals —many of them much less prominent thanwunderlist and Sunrise —might seem beside the point. Betweenthem,the five companies (Apple，Microsoft,Google，Amazon andFacebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bnacquisitions over the past five years a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buytheir most threatening potential competitcrs before their businesseshave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And peoplemadecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Having asserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using publictransportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1) invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and(2) give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERhave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And people madecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Havingasserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using public transportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1)invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and (2)give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERSHEET.(15points)60.0%,50.0% ,4.0%s30.0N)23.9%20.ogsy,10.0gy .px.hep.0.0%。
研究生英语综合教程 (2)
features of a classic. • Adults also find the books appealing because of the deep
intellectualism. • Plotlines of the four books are independent of each other, but
Example 3: The language of the books may be unadorned, but the way with naming people and things is quirky and original.
Example 4: Adults also find the books appealing because of the deep intellectualism in them.
Example 3: previous bookselling records. In Britain and North America, thousands of children
rushed to claim their copies when Harry Potter and the
新发展研究生英语综合教程(2)学生用书_部分课后答案和课文翻译
Unit 2 FriendshipⅡ. Language FocusV ocabularyPart A1. resourcefulness；2. proximity；3. intimidated；4. catalyst；5. overwhelming；6. anarchy；7. dwindled；8. hierarchy；9. quirks；10. rantingBank-Cloze(1) move; (2) forming; (3) sights; (4) produce; (5) value(6) appreciation; (7) expectations; (8) constitutes; (9) being; (10) distinguishedIV.译文友谊Text A友谊的艺术斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫1989年大学毕业后就为杂志和报纸撰稿。
斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫是《亲职教育》的主编。
她的作品也发表在《纽约时代》和《纽约邮报》上。
在中年结交朋友1几年前的一个晚上，我发现自己陷入惶恐之中。
并不是真的出了什么事——我的家庭，我的健康都很好，我的事业也很忙碌和成功——我只是有一种模糊的沮丧感，想找个朋友鼓鼓劲。
一个人，能和我喝杯咖啡，让我尽情倾诉，直到阴霾散尽。
问题在于，没有这样的好友可以打电话，可以交心。
几年之间，我的所有的最老的，最熟的女朋友们，一个接一个的，搬离了这个城市，或是为了更好的工作，或是为了更好的气候，或是为了更好的男人。
2我给我最好的朋友挂了电话，她现在住在加利福尼亚的乡下，我收到了她的语音留言。
就在那时，我突然明白过来——寂寞就是我感到沮丧的根源。
我的社交生活已经减至几乎为零，而我一向很忙，直至此刻才察觉到这一点。
这给了我很大的打击。
我从大学，甚至从小学就拥有的老朋友们，挚友们，他们了解我的一切，当他们离开的时候，将我同他们的交情也带走了。
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及答案一.完形填空下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题。
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:you’re the CEO of a small business,and though you’re making a nice 1 ,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow. Let’s look at a real-world 4 .Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had50employees working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, 8 ,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this 12 ,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent. But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.【完形填空】第1题A.purchaseB.profitC.connectionD.bet正确答案：B2.【完形填空】第2题A.defineB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate正确答案：D3.【完形填空】第3题A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially正确答案：A4.【完形填空】第4题A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example正确答案：D5.【完形填空】第5题A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional正确答案：D6.【完形填空】第6题A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem正确答案：D7.【完形填空】第7题A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.besides正确答案：A8.【完形填空】第8题A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again正确答案：B9.【完形填空】第9题A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed正确答案：B10.【完形填空】第10题A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal正确答案：C11.【完形填空】第11题A.endB.burdenckD.decrease正确答案：C12.【完形填空】第12题A.policyB.suggestionC.viewD.result正确答案：D13.【完形填空】第13题A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring正确答案：C14.【完形填空】第14题A.As a resultB.At any rateC.By the wayD.In a sense正确答案：A15.【完形填空】第15题A.uniteB.financeC.followD.choose正确答案：A16.【完形填空】第16题A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden正确答案：B17.【完形填空】第17题A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment正确答案：D18.【完形填空】第18题A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable正确答案：B19.【完形填空】第19题A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless正确答案：C20.【完形填空】第20题A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alter正确答案：A二.【阅读理解Part A】下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
(完整版)研究生英语二课后答案总结
第一单元一、1. The tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2. Technological advances might ultimately lead to even more job losses.3. In the aftermath of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4. Her kindness and generosity cancel out her occasional flashes of temper.5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the ordeal6. Foreign food aid has led to a drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.7. Perhaps her most important legacy was her program of educational reform.8. There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War.9. The new economic policies could prove suicidal for the party.10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than anticipated.11. The experience was enough to keep him preoccupied for some time.12. The road to happiness is paved with adversities.13. She aspires to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14. He might be influenced by nostalgia for the surroundings of his happy youth.15. In retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.二、1. Watching your baby being born is a mind-blowing experience(极其令人兴奋的经历).2. There is built-in storage space(内置储藏空间) in all bedrooms.3. This handout focuses on self-protection measures(自我保护措施) under difficult climatic conditions.4. I’m sure we could offer you some short-term employment (短期的工作).5. So, how is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a distorted and negative self- perception(歪曲的、否定的自我观念)?6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing life-changing events(改变了生活的事件) in Then She Found Me.7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in all-encompassing details(无所不包的细节).8. Having a decent job contributes to a good self-image(一个好的自我形象).三、What then is a good mind? It is the w hole mental ……1、searches2、connections3、inventive4、discerning5、anticipates6、future7、individual8、identifies9、fallacy10、self-discipline四、翻译1、I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung 。
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复旦大学研究生重点课程和教材建设资助项目: 研究生第一外国语（英语）研究生英语English for Graduate Students主编曾建彬卢玉玲复旦大学出版社复旦大学研究生课程和教材建设重点资助项目：研究生第一外国语（英语）研究生英语English for Graduate Students主编曾建彬卢玉玲副主编何静黄莺张宁宁编委（以汉语拼音为序）范若恩谷红欣顾乡何静黄莺刘雯卢玉玲夏威雍毅曾建彬张宁宁赵蓉主编简介曾建彬，复旦大学英语语言文学博士，研究生导师，中国认知语言学会会员，美国TESOL 会员，United Board访问学者（St. Mary’s College of Maryland, USA, 2001-2002）。
曾任复旦大学研究生英语教学部主任，现任复旦大学外文学院党委副书记。
近年来主要开设学术英语写作，英文原著选读，研究生综合英语，研究生高级英语等课程。
主要研究领域为语言学和英语教育。
主要代表作有《英文原著选读》（2010），《下义关系的认知语义研究》（2011），《研究生英语》（2012），《研究生高级英语》（2012），以及在各类专业期刊上发表的论文十余篇。
曾先后获上海市教学成果三等奖（2001），上海市教学成果二等奖（2005），复旦大学研究生教学成果三等奖（2008），CASIO优秀论文奖（2009、2011）等奖励。
卢玉玲，复旦大学世界文学与比较文学博士，副教授，上海市比较文学协会会员，复旦大学外文学院大学英语部研究生教研室主任。
2002-2003年在纽约州州立大学奥尔巴尼分校英语系学习，研修英美文学与翻译研究。
长期从事研究生英语语言教学工作，并参与编写多部研究生英语教材，如作为副主编参与编写教育部研究生推荐用书《研究生综合英语》（1、2册，复旦大学出版社）。
在各类权威、核心期刊如《中国翻译》，《中国比较文学》等刊物上发表论文十余篇，研究领域涉及英美文学、翻译与英语教学研究。
2008年获复旦大学研究生教学成果奖三等奖。
前言为了落实国家教育发展规划纲要，全面推进教育教学改革和创新，复旦大学研究生院决定在2010-2012年三年中将对已通过立项的研究生课程和教材项目给予重点资助。
研究生第一外国语（英语）是第一期获得立项的20项研究生课程及教材建设项目之一。
该立项教材（《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》共两册）是在总结多年研究生英语教材编写和教学成果的基础上，为了适应研究生英语课程改革的需要编写而成，可供非英语专业研究生第一外国语（英语）学位基础课程一个学年使用。
该套教材的编写目的是：通过课堂教学和课内外练习，从语言基本技能训练过渡到专业和语言文化交流，为提高研究生的自主创新能力提供扎实的语言技能和人文修养基础，使研究生的英语综合运用能力在本科英语学习的基础上有较为明显的提高，能够以英语为工具较熟练地进行本专业的学习、研究和国际交流，达到《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》中的规定要求和“复旦大学研究生英语(第一外国语)教学基本要求”。
相比于国内外同类课程使用的教材，本套教材具有以下特点：一、选文多样、内容丰富：编者精心选编了贴近研究生学习和生活实际的选文，注重语言的规范性和文体的多样化，内容信息涵盖语言学、哲学、文学、医学、政治学、心理学、生物学、伦理学、社会学、教育学、自然科学以及艺术等读者普遍关注的热点议题，如：英语简史、研究生培养、教育科研、学术创新、研究规范、工作生活、性别关系、爱情婚姻、音乐艺术、文学欣赏、医学伦理、文明冲突等容易在师生中引起共鸣和参与热情的话题，有利于学生扩大知识面和接触不同的题材。
选文内容的趣味性使得选文阅读本身成为一种愉快的学习经历，为加深对社会和人生的理解，开展研究-探讨型教学，组织交际式合作学习等课堂活动，培养创新思维能力创造了良好条件。
二、编排新颖、结构合理：作为研究生英语学习的综合性教材，本书的编写体例兼顾了听、说、读、写、译等语言学习技能的综合训练。
每个单元在选文之前设计了起“热身”作用的导读部分，为选文学习提供背景知识和理解课文主题的引导性问题，培养自主学习和独立思考能力，激发学习兴趣。
选文后编写了帮助课文理解的注释，强化理解和拓展视野的综合练习和延伸阅读材料。
此外，每个单元还配套编写了翻译技能和写作技能训练部分，讲授英汉语言对比和翻译知识，以及一般英语文体、英语论文和应用文写作技能等内容，供读者选择使用。
三、针对性、实用性强：编者始终把读者需求放在首位，针对国内外图书市场上现有研究生英语教材选文偏长，内容偏难、编排不太适合研究生层次的实际需求等缺陷，力争教材选文在信息性、趣味性、思想性、和前瞻性等方面符合研究生英语教学实际，将研究生急需的文献阅读、文本翻译、学术写作和国际交流等技能融于一体。
教材编排的创新结构，尤其是课前的听说技能练习、课后的翻译和写作等练习，具有很强的合作学习针对性和实用性，有利于口语、写作和翻译能力的培养以及英语综合应用能力的提高。
本套教材由复旦大学外文学院研究生英语教学部负责编写，该教学团队拥有多位英语语言文学博士和研究生英语教学一线教师，曾主持或作为主要成员参与多项上海市和复旦大学研究生英语教学科研项目，主编或参与编写十余部研究生英语教材（2006年荣获教育部研究生推荐用书），并先后获得上海市教学成果三等奖（2001），上海市教学成果二等奖（2005），和复旦大学研究生教学成果三等奖（2008）等荣誉。
参与本书编写工作的编委有（以汉语拼音为序）：范若恩、谷红欣博士、顾乡博士、何静博士、黄莺、刘雯博士、卢玉玲博士、夏威、雍毅、曾建彬博士、张宁宁博士、赵蓉博士。
该套教材虽是供非英语专业研究生第一外国语（英语）学位基础课程使用的研究生综合英语教科书，主要使用对象是高等院校各类硕士研究生和博士研究生，但也可作为大学英语高年级本科生、英语专业学生、英语爱好者和广大科研人员的参考用书。
本书不仅是编者的个人成就，亦是复旦大学外文学院大学英语研究生教学部全体教师数十年勤奋耕耘的集体成果。
研究生英语教学，特别是课程建设和教材编写始终得到复旦大学研究生院常务副院长顾云深教授、副院长汪玲教授、研究生培养办公室主任廖文武教授、副主任吴海鸣和先梦涵等老师的长期关注和热情鼓励，并获得2010年复旦大学研究生重点课程和教材建设项目（EYH3152048）资助。
复旦大学出版社有限公司总经理杜荣根教授、外语分社社长倪琴芬教授、唐敏、施胜今副编审和外语分社的编辑们对研究生英语教材编写和出版给予了一如既往的大力支持和热情帮助。
本教材在编写过程中参考了国内外同类教材，特别是复旦大学研究生英语教材《研究生综合英语》（曾道明陆效用主编）和英语专业教材《精读英语教程》（沈黎主编）。
邱东林教授为教材编写提供了学术指导；夏菁参与了部分前期编写工作；英籍教师Mark Felton博士和美籍教师Peter Huston审阅了全书，并提出了修改建议；谨此一并致谢。
限于编者才学见识，加之编写时间仓促，书中不足和疏漏在所难免，诚望同行专家和读者不吝赐教，以便在修订版中改进和完善。
曾建彬2011年10月于复旦大学文科楼内容简介《研究生英语》是复旦大学研究生课程及教材建设重点资助项目：研究生第一外国语（英语）（EYH3152048）的立项成果。
该立项教材根据中国学生的英语学习需求，采用“博采众长，学以致用”的编写原则，在教材编写中汲取各种有效的英语教学理论和实践方法，为了适应研究生英语课程改革和创新的需要编写而成，供非英语专业研究生第一外国语（英语）课程使用。
本书共有八个单元，选文主题包括Language, Education, Science, Feminism, Work, Music, Ethics, 和Love，内容涵盖人文、社会及自然科学，选文作者包括Aaron Copland, Bertrand Russell, Carl Sagan, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Erich Fromm, Kate Chopin, Judy Syfers, Peter Farb, Thomas Henry Huxley等知名作家和学者。
选编的体裁安排如下：选文导读、作品选文、选文注释、综合练习、延伸阅读、翻译技能和写作技能等。
本册教材选文多样、内容丰富，编排新颖、结构合理，针对性和实用性强，强调听、说、读、写、译等语言技能的综合训练和英语实用能力的培养，各个单元中的导读、翻译和写作部分体现了本书特色。
选文导读部分通过起“热身”作用的课前听说技能练习，为选文学习提供背景知识和理解课文主题的引导性问题，激发学习兴趣。
翻译技能部分简要介绍翻译基本理论和实践知识，并主要通过句子翻译实例阐述英汉语言的异同和翻译技能的实际运用。
写作技能部分引入心理语言学理论讲解英语表达方式及其特点等内容，对于学生英语综合应用能力和创新思维能力的提高，以及高素质国际化人才的培养会大有裨益。
使用说明本书是复旦大学2010年度首先启动的第一期20项研究生课程和教材建设重点资助项目之一：研究生第一外国语（英语）（EYH3152048）的立项成果，供非英语专业研究生第一外国语（英语）学位基础课程使用。
教学时间建议为一个学期，也可根据实际教学计划灵活调整。
全书分八个单元，包括英语简史、研究生教育、科研方法、爱情婚姻、工作生活、音乐艺术、医学伦理等读者喜闻乐见的热门题材，内容信息涵盖语言学、教育学、文学、哲学、医学、伦理学、社会学、自然科学以及艺术等读者普遍关注的热点议题。
每单元包括主课文和延伸阅读共两篇文章，所有选文均选自英美权威出版物，字数基本控制在2000单词之内，除部分选文因篇幅偏长略有删节和改动外，其余均保持原文风貌。
各单元编排结构如下：首先是简短的选文预览提示和与选文相关的讨论题等选文导读(warm-up)，供课文预习时交流观点和训练表达。
其次是选文(text)和介绍文化背景知识和语言现象的选文注释(notes)，供预习时参考。
再次是巩固英语基本技能，注重创新能力培养的综合练习(exercises)。
最后是与主课文起互补作用的延伸阅读材料(further reading)，为扩展和深化主题、开拓视野、提高批判性和创造性思辨能力提供进一步学习和研究的资源。
本书强调语言综合能力的培养，每个单元均配有comprehension questions，discussion and presentation forum，vocabulary study，Cloze，translation practice，academic writing和quotes 等练习材料。
其中简答题与课文直接有关，包括局部文本理解和对整体篇章寓意的把握，旨在加深对选文内容的理解。