当代世界经济与政治(英文部分 第四章)

普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• Depressed economic conditions and low rates of return in most developing countries during the 1980s were an important factor in the decline in investment flows. • As a result, MNCs shifted their investment toward the developed countries and away form developing countries. Between 1982 and 1989, the share of FDI flowing to developing countries fell from around 30% to around 14%.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• In the 1950s and 1960s, most colonies had
gained their independence and now sought to improve their economic performance and their influence in the international economic system. • Some developing countries took a pragmatic（ 实用主义的） approach to multilateral management, seeking to work within the prevailing regime and to play a greater role within the system.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• The Gulf War dramatically symbolized the inability of OPEC to manage the international oil system. Differences among OPEC members over the price of oil and production quotas were a major factor in Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. Concern about the consequences of the Iraqi invasion for world oil markets was a central reason for the strong reaction of the United States, Saudi Arabia, and their allies.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• Some developing countries dissented（不同意） from the liberal foundation of international management, arguing that open monetary, trade, and financial systems perpetuated（ 使永恒） their underdevelopment and subordination（从 属） to the developed countries. These countries sought to develop their economies both by protecting themselves form international economic interaction and by trying to make their development a primary goal and responsibility of the system. The oil crisis of the early 1970s led to an effort on the part of these countries to alter the rules of the game and to create what they called a New International Economic Order.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• In symbiotic relationship with such poverty are（ 与贫困共生的是） • 1、low levels of productive capacity；2、low per capita（人均） incomes；3、low life expectancy ；4、high infant mortality；5、illiteracy；6、the oppression of women；7、grossly （严重的） unequal distributions of wealth；8、overdependence on export earnings and foreign capital ；9、a small industrial sector.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• OPEC’s management task became considerably more difficult, as the cartel lost a substantial portion to its share of world production to non-OPEC producers. 1973 63%, 1983 30%, 2000 43% In the 1980s, OPEC began to face many of the problems encountered by other producer cartels.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
第四章 发展中国家 的经济与政治
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
Definition of the “third world”:
• A group of countries; colonial histories; low incomes; dependence on agriculture; weakness in trading relations; social deprivation（剥夺） for large segments of society; restricted political and civil liberties.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
OPEC
• After the autumn1973, oil prices were controlled by OPEC. The first five years, OPEC, under the leadership of Saudi Arabia, managed the international oil system. The event that created a world shortage of oil and disorder in world oil markets was the 1978 revolution in Iran. The crisis led to greater demand for oil, as companies and importing governments tried to augment （ 补充）stocks to protect against anticipated （预计） future shortfalls in supply.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• During the period of the interdependence,
the LDCs (less-developed countries) sought to increase their access to the management and, thus to the rewards of the international economic system. • In the 1970s, attitudes and policies toward MNCs shifted dramatically. The criticism of MNCs discussed above spread from Latin America throughout the Third World, and many Southern governments altered their open-door policies.
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
当代世界经济与政治(第3版)
• In the 1950s and 1960s, most developing country government encouraged foreign investment and placed few restriction on the operation of foreign investors in their states.
relative poverty; dependence on agriculture; distinctive（区别性的） forms of economic regime neither modeled on the Eastern bloc of planned economies nor the western, freemarket system.