英语专业高级英语1-6 修辞
高级英语第三版第一册1-6课修辞汇总
高级英语第三版（1-6课除去5）修辞汇总Metaphor （暗喻）1.We can battle down and ride it out.2.Wind and rain now whipped the house.3.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi.4.As a result the nerves of both duke and duchess were excessively frayed when themuted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.5.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.6.…anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials inU.S. history.7.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on acircus atmosphere.8.The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with ricketystands selling hot…9.After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his openingstatement.10.The crowed seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels withthe hot breath of his oratory as he should have.11.…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.12.The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of theMississippi River, main in artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. 13.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silverfever in Nevada's Washoe region.14.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed.15.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging hisway to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.16.He boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopefulyoung writers.17.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had…Simile(明喻)1.and the group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.Water rose above their ankles.2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.4.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown-down power linescoiled like black spaghetti over the roads.5.Telephone poles and 2O-inoh-thiok pines cracked like suns as the winds snapped.6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.Personification(拟人)1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off thehouse and skimmed it 40feet through the air.2.America laughed with him.3.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughTransferred Epithet(移就)1.Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from theirspectacular vantage point。
高级英语修辞手法和各课举例
常用修辞手法：1. 比喻比喻就是打比方。
可分为明喻和暗喻：明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。
例如：O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
例如：He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。
2. 换喻(metonymy)用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。
如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。
His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。
3. 提喻(synecdoche)指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。
例如：He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。
Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。
(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册1—6课修辞
Lesson11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson41 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil andluxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
高级英语第一册修辞总结
高级英语第一册修辞总结————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar.1.（Onomatopoeia）: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.拟声法它是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。
1）As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.2）the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occassional grunts and sighs of the camels.creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing2.Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.1) the heat and glare of a big open square2）in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar.3）Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.4）It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,3. Alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc1）a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)2）a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)3）goods of every conceivable kind are sold4）…as the burnished copper catches the light of innumberable lamps and braziers5) ... takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years6)...with the dust of centuries5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels.6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.1）…as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)2）where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…3）a fairyland of dancing flashes…(metaphor and personification)4)The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you...5）the beam groan ... and protestingLesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan1.Metaphor: 暗喻A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。
高级英语修辞
LESSON1 Where Do We Go from Here1.As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.(Antithesis 对仗)2.Psychological freedom , a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon againstthe long night of physical slavery.(Metaphor 暗喻)3.It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes themajor crisis of our times.(Chiasmus 回文)4.Put God’s children on their own two feet.（Metaphor 暗喻）5.Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve, answers that don’tanswer and explanations that don’t explain.(Paradox 隽语)6.And I am still convinced that it is the most potent weapon available to the Negro in hisstruggle for justice in this country. And the other thing is that I am concerned about a better world. I’m concerned about truth.(Parallelism 排比)7.For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can’t murder a murder.(Antithesis对仗)8.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door tothe meaning of ultimate reality.( Metaphor 暗喻)9.What I am saying today is that we must go from this convention and say, “America, you mustbe born again!”(Parody 仿拟)10.Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfortand the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice.(Metaphor 暗喻)11.Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses a governor who will do justly, who willlove mercy and who will walk humbly with his God.(Allusion 暗示，引用典故)12.Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall (Metonymy 换喻), justice will roll down likewaters (Simile 明喻)and righteousness like a mighty stream.13.When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds (Metaphor 暗喻) of despair andwhen our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains (Metaphor 暗喻) of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way (Paradox 隽语) and transform dark yesterdays into bright(Antithesis 对仗) tomorrows.LESSON4 Professions for Woman1.No demand was made upon the family purse. (Metonymy 换喻)2.The cheapness of writing paper is, of course the reason why woman have succeeded in theother professions.(语气：Sarcasm 讽刺)3.I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon [bread and butter], rent, [shoes andstockings][Alliteration 押头韵](Synecdoche, Metonymy的特殊形式), or butcher’s bills(Metonymy 换喻), I went out and brought a cat—a beautiful cat, a Persian cat, which very soon involved me in bitter disputes with my neighbours.4.What could be easier than to write articles and to buy Persian cat with the profits？(Rhetorical question 反诘问句)5.What is simpler than write books? (Rhetorical question 反诘问句)LESSON5 Love Is a Fallacy1.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (Metaphor 暗喻)2.Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin?( Rhetorical question 反诘问句)3.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as ascalpel. (Simile 明喻)4.It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Hyperbole 夸张)5.Same background, but dumb as an ox.( Simile 明喻)6. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. (Metaphor 暗喻)7.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.( Metaphor 暗喻)8.I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Metonymy 换喻)9.It is after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful. (Antithesis 对仗)10.In other words, if you were out of the picture,the field would be open, is that right?(Metaphor 暗喻)11.First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. ( Simile 明喻)12.Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning. (Antithesis 对仗)13.What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly？(Parody 仿拟)14.We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak.(Allusion暗示，引用典故)15.If there is an immovable force, there can be no immovable object .If there is an immovableobject, there can be no irresistible force. (Antithesis 对仗)16.Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet.(Simile 明喻)17.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered.( Metaphor 暗喻)18.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(Synecdoche, Metonymy的特殊形式)19.The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. ( Metaphor 暗喻)20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ( Metaphor 暗喻)21.It was like digging a tunnel. (Simile 明喻)22.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Allusion暗示，引用典故)23.You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outerspace. (Hyperbole 夸张)24.I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. (Allusion暗示，引用典故)LESSON9 The Way to Rainy Mountain1.The hardest weather in the world is there. (Hyperbole 夸张)Winter brings blizzard, hottornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summer the prairie is an anyil’s edge. ( Metaphor 暗喻)2.The grass turns brittle and brown, and it cracks beneath your feet. (Alliteration 押头韵)3.Willow and witch hazel. (Alliteration 押头韵)4.At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost to writhe in fire.( Metaphor 暗喻)5.My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.( Metaphor 暗喻)6.There is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, thebadger and the bear. (Alliteration 押头韵)7.Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain. ( Metaphor 暗喻)8.The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water.( Metaphor 暗喻)9.Not yet would they southward to the caldron of the land( Metaphor 暗喻) that lay below:they must wean their blood( Metaphor 暗喻)from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.10.A dark mist lay over the Black Hills, and the land was like iron. (Simile 明喻)11.There to beg and barter for an animal from the Goodnight herd. (Alliteration 押头韵)12.But there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitation upon thesyllables of sorrow. (Alliteration 押头韵)13.The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s house when I was a child were m ade oflean and leather, and they bore themselves upright. (Alliteration 押头韵)14.They made loud and elaborate talk among themselves, full of jest and gesture, fright andfalse alarm. (Alliteration 押头韵)LESSON10 Before and After September 111.We watch wistfully as the pre-9/11 world drifts away on its raft of memory, cast inTechnicolor shades of nostalgia. ( Metaphor 暗喻)2.Which assumes the public is thinking in red, white and blue (Metonymy 换喻), whenactually the spectrum of emotions, ideas and opinions is, like America itself, multihued.(Simile 明喻)3.The men in suits are telling us what the men in uniforms are going to do to the men inturbans if they don’t turn over the men in hiding. (Parody 仿拟)4.The most visible symptom of our profound psychological trauma is a zealous new patriotism.Seeking solace, the country drapes itself in the American flag like a child in a superhero cape who plays at being invincible.(Irony 正话反说)5.There are few places in the country where the Stars and Stripes has not found apurchase.(Synecdoche , Metonymy的特殊形式)munity cannot compete with shopping malls or 200 satellite television channels, withGameboys or the 70-hour work week.( Synecdoche , Metonymy的特殊形式)7.This Frankensteinian creation asserts that consumption is an American value. (Allusion暗示，引用典故)8.What massages do Hiroshima and Babi Yar, or Dresden and Antietam.(Antonomasia 换称要区别于Metonymy)9.From insecurity to confidence, from national paranoia to collective poise?(Alliteration 押头韵)。
高级英语修辞归纳
I. Phonetic Devices语音修辞1.Onomatopoeia（拟声）: The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.例：As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.All was quiet again in Han Mansion except for some people snoring, the horse chewing mash, and geese crackling at intervals.I can hear the water splashing, the bees humming, and the frogs croaking.2.Alliteration（头韵）: It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called “front rhyme”. 例：The f air b reeze b lew, \the white f oam f lew, \The f urrow f ollowed f ree; \We were the f irst that ever burst \into that s ilent s ea.M oney m akes the m are go. A good f ame is better than a good f ace.3.Consonance (辅韵)：It refers to the repetition of the same consonants in the end of a group of words. (一组词，一句话或一行诗歌中，相同的词尾辅音重复出现) 例1：He laughs be st who laughs la st.例2：With his three hundred wag ingThe battle, long he stoo d.And like a lion rag ing,Expires in seas of bloo d. (此处也称诗歌的rhyme)4.Homoeotoleuton (谐缀), meaning similarity of endings, refers to the use of identical or similar sounding suffixes (后缀) on the final words of phrases or clauses. Homoeotoleuton is usually used in a verse but it also has a wonderful effect in a prose.例：There is no secur ity but opportun ity on this earth.I need time to dr ink but I need more time to th ink.Education is not rec eived but ach ieved.5.Assonance（半谐音）：Assonance is the repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words.例：All r oa ds lead to R o me.A c i ty that is set on a h i ll cannot be h i d.城造在山上，是不能隐藏的。
(完整word版)高级英语各单元修辞
英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。
（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。
就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。
夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
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• • • • • • • • • • • •
Irony(反语): the good fortune that my illness has brought me The liveliest city in Japan Anti-Climax(渐降法,反高潮): a town known throughout the world for its---oysters Alliteration(头韵): slip to a stop tested and treated fast-food beef a sudden and startling surge Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.
Parallel struc(保守的陈述):
• The prospects of a good catch looked bleak • small group of villainous men
• In 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now.
• “Hang them, “she said. As is that was the only thing you could do with quilts.
• Metonymy(转喻):
• little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt • I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact • And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. won 100 at the tables lost it at the bar they'll throw the book,... • Asalamalakim…\Polaroid
• Repetition and parallelism
• i) I see…I see…I see…I see also…I see
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • •
3) behind all this glare behind all this storm I see… 4) I see the Russian soldiers standing… I see them guarding… I see the ten thousands villages… I see advancing upon… I also see the dull… I see the German bombers… I see that small group… 5) That is our policy and that is our declaration. 6) We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts … We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources 7) Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience Let us redouble our exertions… chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle Parallel structure: 1) We will never parley We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. 2) We shall fight him by land We shall fight him by sea
• Euphemism（委婉语）:
...and you took a lady friend.
• Rhetorical Question(反问；设问)
• Was I not at the scene of the crime? • shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? • Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way'
•
• Hyperbole(夸张): overstatement
•
• Metaphor(暗喻，隐喻):
dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etc form a closely knit guild... She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away. ...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed... his wife shot him a swift, warning glance. The words spat forth with sudden savagery. Her tone ...withered... ...self-assurance...flickered... The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind. Her voice was a whiplash. eyes bored into him I’ll spell it out. • cataract of horrors
•
• •
Repetition of meaning in different words:
• 1) We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. • 2) He has so long thrived and prospered. • 3) We will never parley, we will never negotiate… • 4) great and sudden disaster • Repetition: We shall never parley, we shall never negotiate with Hitler…
1. Periodical sentence（期刊句子）
• i) the news was brought to me of Hitler’s invasion of Russia. ii) I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would broadcast at 9 o’clock that night. iii) I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine… iv) From this nothing will turn us
• Simile(明喻；直喻):
• a vast sombre cavern of a room like a swarm of crawling locusts
Onomatopoeia(拟声；声喻法):
creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc. tinkling, banging, clashing appreciative chuckle clucked his tongue
Personification(拟人法):
The Middle Easter bazaar takes you... dancing flashes The beam sinks…taut and protesting Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years every conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuries Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them.