2012年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研真题研究生入学考试试卷
二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：基础英语
注意事项：1．本试卷共四道大题（共计60个小题），满分150分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡
1. The manager vowed to revenge the ______ insult of his competing counterpart yesterday.
A. calculated B. outrageous C. intentioned D. selfish
2. Almost any solid ______ can be called dust if it is light enough to float in the air.
11. As it ______ the effects of high temperatures, rhenium is a valuable ingredient in certain alloys.
A. resists B withholds C. reduces D. discharges
12. In ancient China, thunder was believed to be a manifestation of the ______ of the gods.
Part I Vocabulary and Grammar. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that you think is the most appropriate from the four choices given below. (30 points)
A. examination B. exposition C. research D. account
16. As soon as World War II ended, Einstein urged that atomic energy ______ to peaceful uses.
A. barking B. roaring C. howling D. growling
4. The sweater he bought last week ______ after he washed it.
A. shrank B. shortened C. decreased D. lessened
6. The minister has to provide a very ______explanation fo
A. compulsory B. comprehensive C. sophisticated D. understanding
10. The most ______ of all Olympic events is the decathlon (a sports competition with 10different events).
A. creative B. excited C. gruesome D. grueling
14. I am in no ______ this evening to listen to his silly jokes.
A. feeling B. attitude C. mood D. tendency
15. The young scientist became known for his ______ into the distribution of the wild species in this part of the region.
7. They sell their military equipment to whoever needs it with the ______ purpose of making profit.
A. only B. unique C. singular D. sole
8. No one believed that such a little girl could ______ the things well ahead.
5. As a result of sluggish business, the boss of the company is urging his clerks to be ______ with electricity.
A. economics B. economical C. stingy D. thrifty
A. spirit B. power C. wrath D. sorrow
13. The African quality of his music is ______ in the art that people of his generation enjoyed.
A. inborn B. ingrained C. impregnated D. included
A. waste B. spot C. Metal D. speck
3. We heard wolves ______ mournfully somewhere nearby in the complete darkness when we camped in the forest last weekend.
A. reconcile B. suspect C. forsake D. anticipate
9. Tom’s lecture was careful and ______ but his words did not seem to make much sense.
A. distinct B. distinguished C. distinguishable D. distinctive
2011年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研真题【圣才出品】
2011年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研真题青岛科技大学二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语注意事项：1．本试卷共4道大题（共计73个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)1. When he ______ all the newspapers, he’ll go home.A．sell B．has sold C．will have sold D．will be sold 2. The machine starts the moment the button ______.A．will be pressed B．is pressed C．has pressed D．has been pressed3. Now that you ______, what are you going to do?A．return B．are returning C．have returned D．returned 4. I had hoped Mr. Smith ______ me an early reply.A．would give B．gave C．to give D．giving5. Please be sure to call me the next time you ______.A．will come B．would come C．come D．shall come 6. He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.A．should go B．could have gone C．ought have gone D．could be gone7. “Time is running out, ______?”A．hadn’t we better got start B．hadn’t we better get startC．hadn’t we better get started D．hadn’t we better got started 8. Were it not for the debts, we ______ all right.A．would be B．would have been C．were D．are9. When Joyce was told the whole story, she ______ in the film.A．ceased interest B．ceased being interestedC．ceased interested D．ceased to interest10. We often hear about airplanes ______ because of technical faults.A．delaying B．being delayed C．be delayed D．to be delayed11. Revolution means ______ the productive forces.A．to liberate B．liberate C．liberated D．liberating 12. Why do you stand and watch the milk ______ over?A．boiling B．boiled C．to boil D．being boiled 13. A phone call sent him ______ to the hospital.A．hurry B．hurrying C．to hurry D．hurried14. They want the power station ______ as soon as possible.A．to set up B．to be set up C．being set up D．to have been set up15. Once ______ oxygen, the brain dies.A．deprived of B．depriving of C．having deprived of D．deprived16. Every means ______ tried but without much result.A．has been B．have been C．are D．is17. The young in spirit ______ the vital forces in our society.A．is B．are C．has been D．have been18. Rarely ______ such a silly thing.A．have I heard of B．I have been heard ofC．have I been heard of D．I have heard of19. He knows little of mathematics, ______ of chemistry.A. as well as B．and still less C．no less than D．and still more20. Five minutes earlier, ______ we could have caught the last train.A．or B．but C．and D．so21. He works too hard That is ______ is wrong with him.A．that which B．that what C．what D．the thing that 22. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens ______ his father die D．A．than B．as C．while D．when23. Electricity power is transmitted from power plant to places ______.a. that it is needed B．to which it is neededC．where it is needed D．when it is needed24. That terrible noise is ______ me ma D．A．putting B．setting C．driving D．turning25. All the rooms have ______ carpets, which are included in the price of the house.A．adapted B．designed C．equipped D．fitted 26. Is this a good camera? Can it take color ______?A．portraits B．filmshows C．pictures D．paintings 27. His advice to wear white clothes in a hot, sunny climate was followed.This ______ helped people to be cooler.a. demand B．recommendation C．invention D．request28. I just have a few household ______ to cope with and then I’ll be free to comeout with you.A．assignments B．charges C．chores D．errands 29. His breaking of the rules set a dangerous ______.A．custom B．precedent C．practice D．usage30. They had dug out an ice cave to provide ______ for the night.A．safety B．refuge C．retreat D．shelterPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the article carefully and answer the questions that follow in Section A, B, C,and D.CIVILIZATION & HISTORY1 Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field, but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of the conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilize D．Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilize D．Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently----this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done ----is not being civilize D．People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.2 That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilate D．And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets----while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life---nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.3 But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just starte D．From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months ol D．Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jelly-fish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly。
2012年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研真题【圣才出品】
2012年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研真题青岛科技大学二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语注意事项：1．本试卷共四道大题（共计60 个小题），满分150 分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Part I Vocabulary and Grammar. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that you think is the most appropriate from the four choices given below. (30 points)1. The manager vowed to revenge the ______ insult of his competing counterpart yesterday.A. calculatedB. outrageousC. intentionedD. selfish2. Almost any solid ______ can be called dust if it is light enough to float in the air.A. wasteB. spotC. MetalD. speck3. We heard wolves ______ mournfully somewhere nearby in the complete darkness when we camped in the forest last weekend.A. barkingB. roaringC. howlingD. growling4. The sweater he bought last week ______ after he washed it.A. shrankB. shortenedC. decreasedD. lessened5. As a result of sluggish business, the boss of the company is urging his clerks to be ______ with electricity.A. economicsB. economicalC. stingyD. thrifty6. The minister has to provide a very ______explanation for the new medical care reform.A. compulsoryB. comprehensiveC. sophisticatedD. understanding7. They sell their military equipment to whoever needs it with the ______ purpose of making profit.A. onlyB. uniqueC. singularD. sole8. No one believed that such a little girl could ______ the things well ahead.A. reconcileB. suspectC. forsakeD. anticipate9. Tom’s lecture was careful and ______ but his words did not seem to make much sense.A. distinctB. distinguishedC. distinguishableD. distinctive10. The most ______ of all Olympic events is the decathlon (a sports competition with 10different events).A. creativeB. excitedC. gruesomeD. grueling11. As it ______ the effects of high temperatures, rhenium is a valuable ingredient in certain alloys.A. resists B withholds C. reduces D. discharges12. In ancient China, thunder was believed to be a manifestation of the ______ of the gods.A. spiritB. powerC. wrathD. sorrow13. The African quality of his music is ______ in the art that people of his generation enjoyed.A. inbornB. ingrainedC. impregnatedD. included14. I am in no ______ this evening to listen to his silly jokes.A. feelingB. attitudeC. moodD. tendency15. The young scientist became known for his ______ into the distribution of the wild species in this part of the region.A. examinationB. expositionC. researchD. account16. As soon as World War II ended, Einstein urged that atomic energy ______ to peaceful uses.A. be putB. is putC. will be putD. would be put17. You ______ the washing-up. I would have done it for you.A. needn’t have doneB. didn’t need to have doneC. weren’t toD. mustn’t have done18. The professor is very busy ______ for the examination now. Please come again at some other time.A. preparingB. preparedC. being preparedD. to prepared19. Next time we go house-hunting, remember ______ the agent for very cleardirections. I wasted hours ______ the last house.A. to ask; to look forB. to ask; looking forC. asking; looking forD. asking; to look for20. It is a common expression to characterize something as “light as air”, but air is ______ “light”.A. soB. ratherC. hardlyD. somewhat21. The stout fellow over there is ______ the great magician Charlie Steward, himself.A. no other thanB. none other thanC. no other thanD. no one but22. In the new movie she wore, ______ was very uncommon in the country, a scarlet coat.A. whatB. thatC. of whatD. the23. Robinson Crusoe was hungry ______ human companionship.A. forB. aboutC. ofD. with24. Among all the students in this class, T ony is the quickest one ______ figures.A. toB. forC. inD. at25. I’m very hopeful ______ passing the course.A. forB. aboutC. inD. on26. He was laid ______ for six weeks with two broken ribs.A. awayB. downC. byD. up27. The population ______ their flags to celebrate the return of their victorious team.A. hung outB. hung togetherC. hung behindD. hung over28. As a citizen it is important to ______ with your neighbors.A. keep inB. keep offC. keep outD. keep on29. The government has ______ new measures to combat inflation.A. brought inB. brought aboutC. brought onD. brought up30. The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to ______ to anyone who knows little about food values.A. put throughB. put acrossC. take inD. make overPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the following essay carefully, and then, answer the questions in Section A, B, C, and D.How to Avoid Foolish Opinions1．To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but from silly ones.2．If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make it yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men by simply asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted.He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I shouldn’t commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious.Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamander; not oneof them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.3．Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on guard; you’ll probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants.4．A good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from yours. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country, and I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice. If you can’t travel, seek out people with whom you disagree, and read a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours. If the people and the newspaper seem mad, perverse, and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them. In this opinion both parties may be。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012
【青岛⼤学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012青岛⼤学2012年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学试题科⽬代码：642 科⽬名称：基础英语（1）(共13页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上⽆效PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE （40 points）Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.A. speculateB. conceiveC. ponderD. reckon2. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming3. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules andrarely______ from this routine.A. deviatedB. disconnectedC. detachedD. distorted4. Being cynical, he was reluctant to ______ the unselfishness of any kind of act until he had ruled out all possible secret, uncharitable motives.A.questionB. endureC. creditD. witness5. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more_____ to scholars.A.accessibleB. objectiveC. appealingD. implicit6. Despite all its ______, a term of enlistment in the Peace Corps can be both stirring and satisfying to a college graduate still undecided on a career.B. renownC. romanceD. frustrations7. Fitness experts claim that jogging is ; once you begin to jog regularly, you may be unable to stop, because you are sure to love it more and more all the time.A. exhaustingB. illusiveC. addictiveD. overrated8. He open quoted "reason over passion" as maxim in the longstanding division among Canada's English-speaking majority and the French descended minority concentrated in his home province of Quebec.A. adjustingB. reconcilingC. conqueringD. consolidating9. Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously10. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.A. bumpedB. collidedC. crashedD. struck11. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A. identicalB. parallelC. verticalD. specific12. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was singleminded and uncompromising in her strict ______ the letter of the law.A.dismissal ofB. deviation fromC. adherence to13. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. exceptionallyC. empiricallyD. explicitly14. Despite almost universal______ of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.A. identificationB. confessionC. complimentD. acknowledgement15. As visiting scholars, they _____willingly to the customs of the country they live in.A. submitB. commitC. conformD. subject16. Despite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’s Glass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.A.beautyB. abundanceC. majestyD. fragility17. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of worldwideeconomic downturn.A. turnedB. changedC. floatedD.18. He plays tennis to the ______A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion19. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been,unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. fascinateB. strengthenC. transformD. repel20. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out21. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course22. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive23. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchersA. intelligentB. indispensableC. inevitableD. identical24. Contemporary critics often _____the poet Longfellow as a simple sentimentalist who relied too much on poetic meters only suitable for light verse.B. endorseC. dismissD. acclaim25. Despite careful restoration and cleaning of the murals in the 1960s, the colors slowly but steadily _______.A.persistedB. saturatedC. deterioratedD. stabilized26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in theof welfare, economics, and education.A. scopesB. rangesC. ranksD. domains27. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but inf act he was a(n)________.A. alienB. clientC. counterpartD. fraud28. Their claims to damages have not been _______ convincingly.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated29. It was__________ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.A. addictedB. allegedC. assaultedD. ascribed.30. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admire31. Dominant interests often benefit most from________ ofgovernment interference in business, since they are able to takecare of themselves if left alone.A. intensificationB. authorizationC. centralizationD. elimination32. Excellent films are those which national and culturalbarriers.A. transcendB. traverseC. abolishD. suppress33. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infantmortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminatedB. aggravatedC. minimizedD. distorted34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily_______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizesB. advocatesC. ignoresD. advertises35. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a singleword when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric36. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficientlyto warrant dogmatic assertions by either side in the debate.A. hypotheticalC. controversialD. unequivocal37. It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves werealready____ by the constant clamor of the children.A. eliminatedB. alleviatedC. provokedD. frayed38. Even if you do not what I have to say, I would appreciateyour listening to me with an open mind.A. concur withB. rejectC. clarifyD. deviate from39. He is the only person who can_______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify40. He was success, painting not for the sake of fame ormonetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.A. indifferent toB. destined forC. jaded byD. enamored ofPART II CLOZE (10 Points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper,adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affectsthe lives of our young by acting as a(an) 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screenis usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselveswith different characters. Americans have been concerned aboutmedia 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos,and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, thesemedia, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces caninfluence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal andcultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts ofbeauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazinesand newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertainus 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 onaccepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain.Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations.1 A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative2 A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices3 A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense4 A. Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted5 A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate6 A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence7 A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential8 A. merged B. emerged C. immerged D. submerged9 A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with10 A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper11 A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed12 A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed13 A. As B. At C. For D. In14 A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock15 A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized16 A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam17 A. over B. with C. on D. at18 A. play B. take C. profit D. resort19 A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively20 A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by atotal of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages andthen write your answers on your answer sheet.In the 1950’s, as a writer and editor for Architectural Forum magazine, Jane Jacobs often visited housing projects designed by someof the leading architects of the day.In some cases, she observed that whole districts had been torndown and replaced by meticulously planned new buildings and parks,each of them a monument to its creator’s love of orderliness and hatredof traditional urban chaos. She discovered that these projects werestrikingly unsuccessful because they were imposed on rather thancreated in collaboration with the people using them. Intentionally, they eliminated diversity—stores were separated from dwellings, for instance—and yet diversity was the very quality that made city life interesting and enjoyable. Planners with the best of intentions hadcreated great windswept open spaced that no one wanted to use. Ms.Jacobs noticed that people preferred to spend their time visiting the oldand chaotic-looking neighborhoods nearby.In her writings she argued for the appreciation and nurturing of spontaneity and inventiveness of individuals rather than the generalized and abstract plans of governments and corporations. TheDeath and Life of Great American Cities was about planning, but alsoabout the spirit and energy that animate cities and civilizations. Jacobsargued that we must love cities for what they are: not poor imitationsof the countryside or works of art designed by master planners but unpredictable, exuberant, and surprising rich creations of those whoknow how to use them and care for them. People who were influencedby her argument began to think differently not only about planning of cities but also about spontaneity and diversity as virtues in themselves.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainlyconcerned?A. Architectural writers of the 1950’s.B. Jane Jacobs’ observations about city planning.C. The need for housing projects.D. The problems caused by urban chaos.2.Jacobs criticized many big housing projects because theyA. were poorly planned and disorderly.B. were not supported by governments and corporations.C. did not reflect the designers’ preferences.D. did not take into account the needs of the people.3.According to Jacobs, the separation of stores from dwellings wasan example of theB. desire for spontaneity.C. expression of individualism.D. elimination of diversity.4.Which of the following can be inferred about Jacobs?A. She thought cities were too crowded.B. She preferred neighborhoods where businesses and residencesare mixed.C. She lived in a planned community.D. She was concerned about safety standards in old buildings.5.According to Jacobs, where do people who live in housing projectsprefer to spend their time?A. In the countryside.B. In parks.C. At museums.D. In traditional city neighborhoods.Passage 2That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been consideredthe prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945---when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world---that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." （17-18）Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." （24-26）Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedra l and NightCathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.6.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?B.The work of a particular artistC.The artistic influences on women sculptorsD.Critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture7.Which of the following statements is supported by informationgiven in the passage?A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States haveproduced more sculpture than have men sculptors.B.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed morerecognition for their work than did women sculptors in theUnited States.C.Prior to 1945 there were many women sculptors whose workwas ignored by critics.D.Prior to 1945 there was little major sculpture produced by menor women sculptors working the United States.8.The author quotes Hilton Kramer in lines 17-18 most probably inorder to illustrate which of the following?A.The realism of Nevelson's work.B.The unique qualities of Nevelon's style.C.The extent of critical approval of Nevelson's work.D.A distinction between sculpture and painting.9. Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson's art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in lines 24-26?A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.C.She makes no preliminary sketches but rather than allows the sculpture to develop as she works.D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures.10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson's sculptures?A.They suggest religious and symbolic meanings.B.They do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture.C.They are mysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautiful.D.They are uniquely American in style and sensibility.Passage 3The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the1630’s on those points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harshertreatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of a slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lake of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.11. Which of the following statements best describes the organizationof lines 1-5 of the passage?A. A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.B. Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and ageneralization from that evidence is advanced.C. A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.D. An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated andevidence for that interpretation is provided.12. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawnfrom the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures”(lines 14-15) passed during and after the 1660’s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black aswell as of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been beforethe 1660’s.C. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servantsto remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.D. The acts, as the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes towardBlack servants that already existed before the 1660’s.13. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had ahigher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, Blackpeople, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.14. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition ofinherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.15. With which of the following statements regarding the reason forthe introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?A. The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to theorigins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish andPortuguese colonies.B. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to adecline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after 1660’s.C. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s thanby reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.D. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than byreference to the improving position of White servants duringand after the 1660’s.PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points)To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a suddenalienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.PART V WRITING (40 Points)Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
2012年考研英语真题答案与解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案与解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishThe ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1(B.maintain)its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2(A.when) justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3(B.weakened)the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that t he court’s decisions will be 4(D.accepted)as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5(C.bound)by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6(B.subject)to the code of conduct that 7(D.applies)to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases 8(B.raise) the question of whether there is still a 9(A.line)between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10(B.as) having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions 11(A.so) they would be free to12(C.upset) those in power and have no need to 13(C.cultivate) political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14(D.tied).Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15(A.concepts) like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16(C.shapes)is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17(A.dismissed) as unjust.The justices must 18(C.address) doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19(D.accountable) to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20(D.as a result) convincing as law.最近，最高法院法官的道德判断成为了至关重要的事情。
青岛科技大学2012年研究生入学考试英语翻译基础试卷
青岛科技大学二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语翻译基础注意事项：1．本试卷共2 道大题（共计32 个小题），满分150 分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30 points)1. GDP2. WPS3. APEC4. CNN5. EMU6. GATT7. CBD8. USDD9. IRC 10. import quota11. remote control 12. computer aided design 13. preparatory committee14. United Arab Emirates 15. United Nations Development Programme16.外汇储备 17.西部大开发战略 18. 综合国力19.国际竞争力 20.公益性文化事业 21. 西电东送22.南水北调工程 23.统筹城乡发展 24.全民健身运动25.知识创新工程 26.科教兴国战略 27.配套资金28.人才市场 29.反倾销 30.侵犯知识产权II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. （120 points）Source Text 1（60 points）:Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is adecrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumpinggrounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. （397 words）Source Text 2（60 points）:中国的历史文化始终处于发展进步之中。
（免费）英语专业考研真题（基础英语）
青岛科技大学青岛科技大学 2006 2006年研究生入学考试试卷（A ）考试科目：考试科目： 综合考试（答案全部写在答题纸上）PART I LINGUISTICS (60 points) Section I Define the following terms (20 points)Give the definition of each term in no less than 50 words.1. syntagmatic relations 2. register 3. frequency effect 4. linguistics Section II Essay questions (40 points)Answer each of the following questions in no less than 100 words.1.What are the major contributions made by Saussure to modern linguistics? 2.What are the distinctions between competence and performance made by Chomsky? 3.Explain Grice ’s four cooperative principles. 4.Define the distinctions between “foreign language ” and “second language ”. PART II TRANSLATION (60 points)Section I Translate the following passage into Chinese (20 points)I doubt whether the importance of humor has been fully appreciated, or the possibility of its use changing changing the the the quality quality quality and and and character character character of of of our our our entire entire entire cultural cultural cultural life---the life---the life---the place place place of of of humor humor humor in in in politics, politics, politics, humor humor humor in in scholarship, scholarship, and and and humor humor humor in in in life. life. life. Because Because Because its its its function function function is chemical, is chemical, rather rather than than than physical, physical, physical, it it it alters alters alters the the the basic basic texture of our thought and experience. It seems to me the worst comment on dictatorships is that presiden of of democracies democracies democracies can can can laugh, while laugh, while dictators dictators always always always look look look so so so serious---with serious---with serious---with a a a protruding protruding protruding jaw, jaw, jaw, a a a determined determined chin, a pouched lower lip, as if they were doing something terribly important and the world could not saved, except by them. ------------From “From “Humor and Politics ” by Lin Y ” by Lin Y utangSection II Translate the following passage into English (20 points)又有一些，执笔为文，斐然可诵，而视数理科目为仇讐，勉强才能及格，问其故则曰其兴趣不在数理方面，而且他们觉得某些科目没有趣味，便撇在一旁视如蔽屣，怡然自得，振振有词，略无愧色，好像这就是发扬趣味主义。
2012年研究生入学考试英语(二)真题及答案(2)
Text2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly ac cepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented .But in March 2012 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battleOn July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Muriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a wom an’s risk of breast cancer .The chief executive of Mytiad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are unlikely patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyer on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like_____.[A] their executives to be active[B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable[D] the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____.[A] genetic tests are not reliable[B] only man-made products are patentable[C] patants on genes depend much on innovation[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer , companies are eager to win patents for_____.[A] establishing disease correlations[B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes[D] identifying human DNA34. By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Line 4,Para.6), the author means that______.[A] the supreme court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organisation[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is______.[A] critical[B] supportive[C] scornful[D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them - especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggests that the jobless try to ___.[A] seek subsidies from the government[B] explore reasons for the unemployment[C] make profit from the troubled economy[D] look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people___.[A] realize the national dream[B] struggle against each other[C] challenge their prudence[D] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may___.[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B] bring out more evils of human nature[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D] ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to___.[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is _____.[A] certain[B] positive[C] trivial[D] destructive。
入学考试英语真题
2012年研究生入学考试英语(二)真题及答案2012年01月10日16:06 来源：海天教育Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boilthem. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. T ake the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented .But in March 2012 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battleOn July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Muriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer .The chief executive of Mytiad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patentssuppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are unlikely patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyer on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like_____.[A] their executives to be active[B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable[D] the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____.[A] genetic tests are not reliable[B] only man-made products are patentable[C] patants on genes depend much on innovation[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer , companies are eager to win patents for_____.[A] establishing disease correlations[B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes[D] identifying human DNA34. By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Line 4,Para.6), the author means that______.[A] the supreme court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organisation[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is______.[A] critical[B] supportive[C] scornful[D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almostalways left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them - especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggests that the jobless try to ___.[A] seek subsidies from the government[B] explore reasons for the unemployment[C] make profit from the troubled economy[D] look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people___.[A] realize the national dream[B] struggle against each other[C] challenge their prudence[D] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may___.[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B] bring out more evils of human nature[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D] ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to___.[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is _____.[A] certain[B] positive[C] trivial[D] destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by reading information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Make your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)“University history, the history of what man has accomplished in the world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian Thomas Carlyle Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing Debins Illustribus-on Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and author of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s person experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smile wrote self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. “The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self -help, of patient purpose resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit.” wrote Smile, “what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself.” His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josian Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle, As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes41. Petrarch highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42.NiccolòMachiavelli[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles [D]opened up new realms of understanding the masses and their record of struggle.44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age 25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint, and2)demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Zhang Wei”instead.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should1) describe the table, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15point)某公司员工工作满意度调查满意度年龄组满意不清楚不满意≦40岁16.7％50.0％33.3％40—50岁0.0％36.0％64.0％﹥50岁40.0％50.0％10.0％完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, Ifound that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei2013年考研管理类联考综合能力考试大纲解析2012年09月18日16:41 来源：新在线欢迎来到新在线网络课堂，我是新在线专业硕士顾问乃岳。
青岛科技大学英语试卷1203
2011-2012 学年第 1 学期英语(2) 课程考试试题（A ）卷类别成教学院函授拟题人适用专业（答案写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上无效）Part I Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions.For each of them there are four suggested anseers marked A\B\Cand D.Choose the best answer to each question.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A few years ago it was common to speak of a generation gap between young people and their elders.Parents said that children did not respect and listen to them,while children said that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong?Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared?Actually ,the generation gap has been around for a long time .Many people argue that it is built into every part of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own ways of life.In a more traditional society.when children grow up ,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and like,and often to continue the family jobs.In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education.move out of the family at an early age,marry or live with people whom their patents have never met ,and choose jobs different from those of their parents.In our society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did ,to find better jobs,to make more money and to do all the things they awere unable to do .Often ,that is another cause of the gap between them.Often ,they discover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally ,the speed at which changes take place in our society is the third cause of the gap between the generations.In a traditional culture,senior people are valued for their knowledge ,but in our society the knowledge of a life time may become out of date.The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities.No doubt ,the generation gap will continue in American life for some time to come.1.The first paragraph tells us that ( )A)the problem of the generation gap draws much attention from peopleB)it is out of date to talk about the generation gapC)children and parents are trying to understand each otherD)it is very important for people to frequently communicate with each other2.In a more traditional society,old people( )A)have their children respect and listen to themB)do not care of their children at allC)expect their children to rebel against themD)do not live together with their children3.In American society young people( )A)do not neet to find jobsB)marry people younger than themC)have better education than their parentsD)leave home at an early age4.Which of the following is NOT the cause of the generation gap?A)Young people like to depend more on themselvesB)Parents do not love their children dearlyC)American society changes rapidlyD)Parents expect too much of their children5.The main idea of the passage is ( )A)that the generation gap needs consideringB)when the generation gap is necessary in American societyC)why the generation gap existsD)how we can reduce the generation gapQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Telephone,television,radio,and the internet help people communicate with each other.Because of these devices,ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world.For example ,within seconds,people can know the results of an election(选举)in another country .An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set .News of disaster(灾难),such as a flood,can bring help from distant countries.Within hours ,help is on the way .This is because modern technology information travels fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world?To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course ,this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller.It means that the world seems smaller.Two hundren years ago,communication between the continents took a long time.All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even monthsto cross the oceans.In the 17th and 18th centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach the Americas.This time difference influenced people’s actions.For example,a few battles in the war of 1812 between England and the United State could have been avoided .A peace agreement had already been signed.Peace was made inEngland ,but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America.During these six weeks,the large and serious Battle of New Orleans(新奥尔良)was fought.Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died of news had come in time ,In the past ,communication took much more time than it does now.There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.6.News spreads fast because of ( )A)modern transportationB)new technologyC)the changes of the worldD)a peace agreement7.Acoording to this passage,( )is very important to people in a disaster area.A)fast communicationB)modern technologyC)the newsD)new ideas8.Which of the following statements is true based on the text?A)The world now seems smaller because of faster communicationB)The world is actually smaller todayC)The world is changing in sizeD)The distance between England and America has changed since the War of18129.Two hundred years ago ,news between the continents was carried( )A)by teleploneB)by landC)by airD)by sea10.The New Orleans Battle was fought because( )A）t he peace agreement had not been signed by both sidesB）t he peace agreement had not been signed in timeC）t he peace agreement had not been signed in AmericaD）t he peace agreement had not been signed in EnglandQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Doreen Sykora is now a junior at MeGill Universiey.She had a difficult time when she first began college.She said,”I was always well prepared for my examinations.But I would go into class to take the exam,and I would fall apart.I could not answer the questions correctly ---even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.”Hitoshi Sakamoto,an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety.Because a student worries and is stressed about a test,his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does.The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.Now there are special university courses to help students.In these courses,advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety.Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it .First students take a practice test to measure their worry level .If the tests show that their stress level is high,the students can take a short course to manage the fear.Theae courses teach students how to relax their bodies.They get training to become calm in very tense situations.By controlling gheir nervousness,they can let their minds work more easily.Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course.She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods.”mostly,what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place.Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil.I move slowly and carefully.I breathe easily and let all the tension out.With each treath,more worry leaves me .It really works too.My grades have improved greatly!I’m really doing well at MeGill now.This relaxation method works not only on examinations,but it has improved the rest of my life as well”For Hitoshi in Tokyo ,The results were much the same .He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.11.What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto?A)Students from the same universityB)Failing in all the examinationsC)Experiences of test anxietyD)Having the same poor studying habits12.These are signs of test anxiety EXCEPT( )A)worries about a testB)stressed about a testC)low grades and poor study habitsD)nervousness during the test13.What’sthe purpose of some special university student-help course?A)To help students to reduce test anxietyB)To show a stress level experienced by studentsC)To learn more knowledge about test anxietyD)To have a better understanding of test anxiety14.What’s the meaning of “blank out”in paragraph one ?A)To be like a blanketB)To be sure of an answerC)To be relaxedD)To be unable to think clearly15.What’s the organization of the passage?A)Examples—theories---ideasB)Problem—strategy—resultC)General statement—examples—resultD)Strategy—experiment—examplesQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts:they rely on depositors(存款人)not to demand payment all at the same time.If depositors should come to fear that a bank couldn’t pay off all its depositors,then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day.If they did ,the bank could not pay all accounts.However,if they did not all appear at once,then there would always be funds to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it.Mrs.Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced.One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city whese she lived.The other banks anticipated a run the next day,and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs.Vaught worked as a teller(出纳员)had enough funds on hand to pay off as many depositors as might apply.The officers simply instructed the tellers to pay on demand.Next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside.The length of the line convinced many that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone.People began to push and then to fight for places near the teller’s windows.Clothing was torn and limbs broken,but the jam continued for hours.The power of the panicatmosphere is evident in the fact that two tellers,though they knew that the bank was sound and could pay out all depositors,nevertheless withdrew the funds in their own accounts.Mrs.Vaught says that she had difficulty restraining herself from doing the same16.A bank run occurs when( )A) a bank is closed for one or more daysB)employees of a bank take their own funds out of the bankC) too many depositors attempt to draw out their money at one timeD) there appear long lines in front of the tellers’windows17.What happened to some of the customers of the band where Mrs.Vaught worked?A)They lost their moneyB)They got injuredC)They had to leave part of their money in the bankD)They were forced to put their money into other banks18.The essential cause of a run on bank is ( )A)lack of sufficient funds B)inefficient tellers C)too many depositorsD)loss of confidence19.The crowds gathered in Mrs.Vaught’s bank and on the sidewalk because of ( )A)doubt B)greed C)anger D）curiosity20.According to the passage,the actions of the customers of Mrs.Vaught’s bank were influenced chiefly by( )A)the failure of the bank to pay off everyoneB)the failure of several banks to openC)the actions of the two tellers in the bankD)The difficulty with which they obtain their moneyPart II V ocabulary &Structure(40%)Directions:For each of the following sentences ,there are four choices marked A\B\Cand D.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences.21.They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan ten days ahead of schedule,( )was something we had not expected.A)that B)this C)it D)which22.If Dorothy had not been badly hurt in a car accident,( )in last month’s marathon race.A)she would participate B)she might participate C)she would have participate D)she must have participated23.I suddenly realized that he was trying to ( )quarreling with me.A)consider B)enjoy C）avoid D) prevent24.The real trouble( )their lack of confidence in their abilities.A)lies in B)lies on C)results in D)leads to25.The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them ( )every night this week.A)practice B)to practice C)practiced D)practicing26.Jane’s dress is similar in design ( )her sister’s.A)with B)like C)to C)as27.The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original( )A)consideration B)judgment C)estimate D)plan28.The waiter walked out 9 )the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.A)from before B)form under C)from behind D)from across29.We ( )that you knew the whole matter.A)thought it for sure B)regarded it for sure C)took it for certainty D)took it for granted30.I prefer his plan to yours,( )it is more practical and easier to be carried outA)for which B)for that C)in which D)in that31.If I had remembered ( )the windows,the thief would not have got in.A)closing B)having closed C)to close D)to have closed32.( )mainly for the invention of the telephone ,Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A)While remembering B)Though remembered C)To have rememberedD)He is remembered33.An ambulance（救护车）must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of ( )A)crisis B)urgency C)emergency D)emergence34.It was difficult to guess what her( )to the news would be.A)impression B)reaction C)comment D)opinion35.Let’s hang up some paintings on these ( )walls.A)bare B)empty C)exposed D)located36.Five sections( )the examination.A)consist of B)are composed of C)constitute D)comprise ofputers have been applied ( )almost every field nowadays.A)for B)in C)at D)to38.He had reviewed his lessons( ),and passed the exam at last.A)consequently B）continuously C)constantly D)consistently39.When it ( )English ,he is the best in our class.A)comes about B)comes up to C)comes across D)comes to40.Doubts began to ( )in my mindA)stick up B)bring up C)spring up D)make up41.( )driving to work ,Mr.Randolph usually goes to his office by subway.A)Rather than B)Without C)Instead of D)In spite of42.California relies heavily on income from fruit crops,and ( )A)also does florida B)so Florida does C)so does Florida D)Florida does either43.There was no point( )him to come early since everything was ready.A)to ask B)to have asked C)being asking D)in asking44.I’ll finish the job,( )long it takes.A)no matter however B)no matter how C)no matter so D)no matter rather45.It’s the ( )in this country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring .A)custom B)conduct C)habit D)customs46.This place was regarded as ( )for settlement.A)unable B)uncertain C)unjust D)unfit47.The freshmen already have ( )to the best library books.A)references B)courses C)authority D)access48.He ( )me to give up the holidays in Spain next month.A)accompanied B)agreed C)persuaded D)promoted49.They hope to start a small company,but they are not too sure how to ( )itA)run B)try C)found D)contact50.The Peace Hotel is a high building ( ),these shops nearby are very small.A)In this way B)In contrast C)In addition D)On the contrary51.Concerning this matter you should be well advised to ( )a lawyer.A)declare B)identify C)consult D)inspect52.Some scientists believed that mine would be ( )within five years.A)exploded B)explored C)exported D)exhausted53.We arranged to meet at the station ,but she didn’t( )A)turn on B)turn out C)turn round D)turn up54.It isn’t the sort of thing one should talk of ( ).A)in turn B)in company C)in contrast D)in private55.Scientists are still ( )inventing new methods of reaching outer space.A)working on B)working as C)working out D)working with56.The teacher had a pleasant talk with those students ( )were models of diligence(勤奋)A)two of which B)two of these C)two of whom D)tow of them57.The two boys had so ( )in common that they soon became good friends.A)little B)few C)much D)many58.Our students are free to study( )interests them.A)whatever B)that C）which D)anything59.Under no circumstances ( )to such a proposal.A)could the director agree. B)the director agreed C)the director will agreeD)the director did agree60.By the end of this week,they( )a solution to the problem.A)are finding B)will be finding C)will have found D)have foundPart III. Translation(20%)Section ADirections:Translate the following sentences into Chinese61.As far as the method itself is concerned,it is worth trying .The trouble is we don’t have enough hands.62.I don’t think the idea can be put into practice.One reason is that we don’t have the necessary funds.Another reason is that we don’t have the manpower needed to complete it.63.You can obtain no goal if you don’t have an honest attitude and a strong will.64.No matter how much advice you give him ,he does exactly what he wants.65.Most of her poems were not published until after her death in 1886. Section BDirections:Translate the following sentences into English66.很多美国人喜欢驾车旅行，而不喜欢乘其它的交通工具。
青岛科技大学2012年研究生入学考试英语试卷
青岛科技大学二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语注意事项：1．本试卷共6道大题（共计 47 个小题），满分100 分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡PART I. READING COMPREHENSION (38%)Directions: Read the passages given below and choose the best answer to the questions attached to each of them.Passage OneQuestions 1-3 are based on the following passage.If you like the idea of staying with a family, living in house might be the answer. Good landladies---those who are superb cooks and launders, are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guest and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity. The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes. If you are lucky, the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may be done for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship .For the less fortune,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to visit, and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guest are living under the same roof.The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing, with the added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what, and in what proportion. One person may spend hours on the phone, while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with guest, how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace, especially if you are student and want to study?Conversely, flat sharing can be very cheap, there will always besomeone to talk to and go out with, and the chores ,in theory, can beshared.1.According to the passage ,landladies are ________ ually strict. B. always mean. C. adequately competent. D. very popular with their guest.2.What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing ? A. Problems of sharing and paying. B. Differences in living habits. C. Shared cooking and bathroom facilities. D. Restriction to invite friends to visit.3.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing? A. Rent is affordable B. There is companionship. C. Housework.D. There is peace and quiet.Passage TwoQuestions 4-8 are based on the following passage. I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks.I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not abad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I tryto think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was sellingskirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in thewomen of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of theskirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green,and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriendsand I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hairand , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if sheunderstood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well). I looked back down at the skirts. They add designs in them: squaresand triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. Idecided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her overthe price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness. She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy. The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course. I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy. I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me! There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.4. Which of the following in NOT correct?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D. The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.5. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because womanA. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B. thought she could still make much money.C. was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.6. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A. The skirts were cheap and pretty.B. She liked the patterns on the skirts.C. She wanted to do something as compensation.D. She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.7. When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not becauseA. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B. she was afraid of crying in public.C. she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D. she had to show in public that she was strong.8. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A. she suddenly felt very sad.B. she liked the ribbons so much.C. she was overcome by emotion.D. she felt sorry for the woman.Passage ThreeQuestions 9-14 are based on the following passage.The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these morings. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be “self care”.Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out. “We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and realities of family life,” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable.＂School, whether we like it or not, iseducational. It always has been.”His is not popular idea. School are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?It may be easier to promote a linger school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids’ lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn’t produce a well-educated child, learning takes time and more learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition. And surely from kids. But the most important part of the conflict has been over the money.9. Which of the following is an opinion of the author’s?A.＂The kids are hanging out.”B.＂They are school children without school.”C.＂These kids are not old enough for jobs.”D. “The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.”10. The current American school calendar was developed in the 19th century according toA. the growing season on nation’s form.B. the labor demands of the industrial age.C. teachers’ demands for more vacation time.D. parents’ demands for other experiences for their kids.11. The author thinks that the current school calendarA. is still valid.B. is out of date.C. can not be revised.D. can not be defended.12. Why was Dr. Boy’s idea unpopular?A. He argues for the role of school in solving social problems.B. He supports the current school calendar.C. He thinks that school year and family life should be considered separately.D. He strongly believes in the educational role of school.13. “The long summers of forgetting take a toll ”in the last paragraph but one means thatA. long summer vacation slows down the progress go learning.B. long summer vacation has been abandoned in Europe.C. long summers result in less learning time.D. long summers are a result of tradition.14. The main purpose of the passage isA. to describe how American children spend their summer.B. to explain the needs of the modern working families.C. to discuss the problems of the current school calendar.D. to persuade parents to stay at home to look after their kids. Passage FourQuestions 15-19 are based on the following passage.Women's minds work differently from men's. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex inte11ectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the Corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the Corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is "What?", and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the Corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word - handling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at“language subjects”and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan't know for a while, partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain ,and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.15. Which of the fo11owing statements is CORRECT?A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.16. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________ factors.A. biologicalB .psychologicalC. physicalD .social17."these differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those inA. skills of men and women.B. school subjects.C. the brain structure of men and women.D. activities carried out by the brain.18. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work onA. the brain structure as a whole.B. the functioning of part of the brain.C. the distinction between the sexes.D. the effects of the corpus callosum.19. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D. To suggest new areas in brain research.PART II CLOZE (15%)Directions: Choose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary. base create evoke suffice handdeeply poorly dispose degree dependvary religious present movement endeavorEverything that the human race has done and thought is concerned with the satisfaction of (1)__________ felt needs and the assuagement of pain. One has to deep this constantly in mind if one wishes to understand spiritual (2)___________ and their development. Feeling and longing are the motive force behind all human (3)___________ and human creation, in however exalted a guise the latter may (4)__________ themselves to us. Now what are the feelings and needs that have led men to(5)__________ thought and belief in the widest sense of the words? A little consideration will (6)___________ to show us that the most(7)___________ emotions preside over the birth of religious thought and experience. With primitive man it is above all fear that (8)__________ religious notions—fear of hunger, wild beasts, sickness, death. Since at this stage of existence understanding of causal connections is usually (9)__________ developed, the human mind (10)__________ illusory beings more or less analogous to itself on whose wills and actions these fearful happenings (11)___________. Thus one tries to secure the favor of these beings by carrying out actions and offering sacrifices which, according to the tradition (12)_________ down from generation to generation, propitiate them or make them well (13)___________ toward a mortal. In this sense I am speaking of a religion of fear. This, though not created, is in an important (14)___________ stabilized by the formation of a special priestly caste which sets itself up as a mediator the people and the beings they fear, and erects a hegemony on this (15)________. PART III TRANSLATION (15%)（I）．Translate the following into Chinese:（10%）1. This discovery suggests that life is probably a pretty ordinary phenomenon that occurs any place you give it half a chance.2. But I find it helpful to consider what might have happened in my own marriage if a copy of me had been made to overcome infertility.3. Forty years after the Wright Brothers’ first flight, by contrast, commercial air travel was a dauntingly expensive but widespread and growing industry.4. The promissory notes of well-known individuals and bills of exchangedrawn on English merchants readily exchanged hands for severalmonths.5．When the demand becomes immoderate, consumption of drugs increases and the incidence of adverse effects and waste follows suit.（II）． Translate the following into English （5%）随着1997年许多东亚国家经济中出现的戏剧性的货币贬值，这些国家遭受了急剧而且徘徊不去的经济衰退。