希腊罗马神话——考试样卷
《希腊神话》阅读考核试题
《希腊神话》阅读考核试题1.希腊神话源于古老的（）。
[单选题]A.罗马文明B.爱琴文明(正确答案)C.古埃及文明D.中国商周文明2.《希腊神话故事》中，谁创造了人类？谁使人类有了灵性？（） [单选题]A.普罗米修斯、雅典娜(正确答案)B.宙斯、赫拉C.瓦拉诺斯、盖娅3.（）是太阳神并主管光明、青春、音乐神。
[单选题]A.宙斯B.阿尔忒弥斯C.阿波罗(正确答案)4.“普罗米修斯之火”象征着（）。
[单选题]A.燃烧得很旺的火B. 智慧创新的力量(正确答案)C.麻烦的事情5.（）好奇，私自打开盒子，于是一切恶习、灾难和疾病从里面飞了出来。
[单选题]A.忒休斯B.欧罗巴C.潘多拉(正确答案)6.（）是希腊神话中九位文艺和科学女神的通称。
[单选题]A.法厄同B. 缪斯(正确答案)C.雅典娜7.譬喻再强大的英雄也有致命的死穴的典故是（）。
[单选题]A.斯芬克斯之谜B.特洛伊木马C.阿喀琉斯之踵(正确答案)8.特洛伊战争持续十年，奥德修斯献计制造一只大木马，这木马称为（）。
[单选题]A.战神之马B.特洛伊木马(正确答案)C.奥德修斯木马9.在希腊神话里,在马其顿和希腊东部的色萨利之间矗立着一座高山是（）。
[单选题]A.高加索山B.奥林匹斯山(正确答案)C.特莫洛斯山10.海洋和水域的一切主宰——海神是（）。
[单选题]A.阿波罗B.赫斯提亚C.波塞冬(正确答案)11.最开始哪个国王不愿意参加征讨特洛伊的战争？（） [单选题]A.奥德修斯(正确答案)B.列奥尼达C.阿伽门农12.普罗米修斯送给人类的礼物是什么？（） [单选题]A.光B.火(正确答案)C.矿13.潘多拉的盒子有各种各样的灾难，但盒子底还深藏唯一一件美好的东西是（）。
[单选题]A.智慧B.善良C.希望(正确答案)14.最终把普罗米修斯从悬崖绝壁上救下的英雄是（）。
[单选题]A.阿瑞斯B.赫尔墨斯C.赫拉克勒斯(正确答案)15.阿瑞斯是什么神？（） [单选题]A.战神(正确答案)B.商旅之神C.匠神16.特洛亚人虽然杀死了希腊英雄阿喀琉斯，但最终却未能挽回整个战争的败局。
第6课 希腊罗马古典文化 2024~2025学年九年级历史同步练习(含答案)
第6课希腊罗马古典文化（原卷版）基础扫描1.(2023·雅安中考)希腊神话中,神就是人的最完美体现,主神宙斯、智慧女神雅典娜等都与人的形象与性格相同,只不过天神更有智慧、更为健美而已。
这表明希腊神话的特点是()A.蕴含丰富哲理B.神权至上C.神人同形同性D.华丽宏伟2.[跨学科·美术]下图展现了古希腊人()A.反对人与神同形同性B.排斥质朴的艺术形式C.赞美勤劳的工作态度D.崇尚运动的竞技精神古希腊体育题材陶瓶画3.(2023·贺州模拟)罗马的万神殿和大竞技场等建筑由石拱门、穹顶等部分组成,既坚固结实,又华丽宏伟。
这表明罗马建筑()A.吸收希腊建筑特点并有创新B.只突出宗教特色和坚固C.突出强调了“神人同形同性”D.强调色彩的搭配和宏大4.(2023·无锡中考)这位思想家是百科全书式的学者,是希腊哲学的集大成者,是西方科学和哲学领域划时代的人物。
该人物是()A.苏格拉底B.伯里克利C.亚里士多德D.德谟克利特5.学者约翰·塞尔蒙说:“当一个熟悉罗马法术语的英国律师去学习法国或德国的实用法律书籍时,他会发现这一切并不陌生。
”这一现象说明()A.罗马法影响深远B.罗马法是世界性法律C.英法德法律相同D.欧洲的法律长期未变6.[跨学科·道德与法治]随着帝国的扩张和商业的发展,社会上各种新的矛盾日益凸显,罗马缺乏一个适用于外来人口以及外来人口和本地人口关系的法律。
针对这一情况,罗马帝国()A.推行万民法B.建立元首制C.推行经济法D.颁布成文法7.(2024·贵州期末)史料是认识历史的主要依据。
下图可用来解读()A.法学的渊源B.金字塔的迷雾C.公历的缘起D.雅典民主政治思维进阶8.[历史解释]“希腊的文学和艺术成就非凡,假如没有一无牵挂的自由,假如没有身为公民的自尊,这些成就便很难达到。
”材料表明()A.古希腊人民生活在高度自由的环境中B.希腊文学艺术的发展成就了公民自由C.罗马法充分保障了人民艺术创作自由D.希腊民主政治推动了文学艺术的繁荣9.【项目化学习](12分)人类文明源远流长,海洋与大河流域都创造了灿烂的文明成果并不断进行交流,文明也由不同的载体传承下去。
希腊罗马神话——考试样卷
A Mid-term Examination inGreek and Roman MythologyName:__________ Class:_________ Score:_________I. Match the gods/goddesses and their roles in mythology. (10%)( ) 1. Diana A. goddess of grain( ) 2. Poseidon B. goddess of hunting, the moon( ) 3. Hades C. god of the sea( ) 4. Hera D. queen of Olympus; goddess of marriageand childbirth( ) 5. Ceres E. goddess of arts and crafts and defensivewar; goddess of wisdom( ) 6. Athena F. goddess of beauty and sexual desire ( ) 7. Aphrodite G.. god of war( ) 8. Mars H. metal smith of the gods( ) 9. Hermes I. ruler of the Underworld; lord of the dead( ) 10. Hephaestus J. Zeus’messenger, guardian of travelers,merchants and thievesK. one of the Fates who determine thelength of each mortal’s lifeII. Choose a word/phrase from the following list to fill in each of the blanks with, changing their forms if necessary. (20%)1.The report presented by the scientist to the government was extremely _______ - no one could understand it.2.He was ________ by her beauty, but lacked the courage to speak to her.3.Another round of negotiations were conducted on the Middle East under the _______ of the UN.4.Seeing the ________ expression on his father’s face, the boy immediately knew what was awaiting him.5.While the president was casually chatting with his supporters, his body-guards were _______, looking for any single sign of danger.6.The scientist spent all his life researching the ____________ of his hometown.7.Showing disrespect to gods according to many cultures is to invite ______.8.The young man had about him a(n) _______ of youth and health.9. When the theater caught fire, there was a great______.10. The desk was a ______ of papers and unopened letters.III. Multiple Choice Questions (10%)( )1. The Iliad and the Odyssey were both written by _______.A. VirgilB. OvidC. HesiodD. Homer( )2. Many transformation stories can be found in _________, a collection of poems written by ____.A. Metamorphosis; OvidB. Theogony, HesiodC. Persians, AeschylusD. Aeneid, Virgil( )3.The spinners of the thread of human destiny were __________.A. the MusesB. the GracesC. the FatesD. the Furies( )4.Zeus changed Io a _______ hide her from Hera.A. bearB. heiferC. snakeD. bull( )5.Leda and the Swan was supposedly painted by __________.A. Peter Paul RubensB. Gustave MoreauC. Sandro BotticelliD. Leonardo da Vinci( )6.Pandora replaced the lid of her box, with only one thing left at the bottom - _______.A. warB. famineC. hopeD. disease( )7.Arachne was a _____, who was punished by ______.A. hunter; DianaB. titan; ZeusC. weaver; MinervaD. king; Hera( )8.When we say someone has Midas’ ears, we are commenting on his ________.A. wealthB. poor judgmentC. prideD. avarice( )9.The gods who ruled the heavens, the ocean and the Underworld, respectively, were ______.A. Jupiter, Pluto and SaturnB. Jupiter, Apollo and Neptune D. Jupiter, Neptune andPluto( )10.If you throw a sop to Cerberus, you are trying to _______.A. kill someoneB. bribe someoneC. avoid being killed by someoneD. enjoy a blissful afterlife.IV. Read each literary excerpt carefully and do the following: (a) underline all the mythological allusions, and (b) explain their meanings according to the context of the excerpt. (20%)1. We feasted that evening as on nectar and ambrosia. (Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1847)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2.There was, as I have said, a Minerva fully armed. (Marilynne Robinson, Mother Country, 1889) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________3.Trinity College had undertaken the Sisyphean task of repairing all of its historic Front Square.(John Brady, A Stone of the Heart, 1988)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________4.Antoine and Francoise with their children, but without ever knowing why, joined the refugees for the sake of their vision of elysium and because of Don Emmanuel’s enthusiasm. (Louis De Berni res, The War of Don Emmanuel’s Nether Parts, 1990)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5.It was hard to imagine H.E. sniffing after some other country woman, or being discovered mounting one of the milking girls. H.E., even when he was twenty-seven, would not have made a credible farmyard satyr. (Thomas Keneally, The Playmaker, 1987)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________V. Look at the following paintings and tell briefly the mythological stories depicted therein. (20%)1._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________VI. Essay question: (A) choose ONE from the list of questions and answer the question you’ve chosen, and (B) tell what you have learned from this course. You should write at least 150 words. (20%)1.What is the significance of the story of Proserpine?2.What are the different character traits between Apollo and Bacchus?3.What is the relationship between hubris and nemesis (cite at least one mythological story as an example)?4.What aspect does the Pandora myth show about the ancient Greek society?Your question：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________。
第一章 古希腊罗马文学 试题库
第一章古希腊罗马文学试题库一、填空题1、希腊神话既包括神的故事，也包括半神的的传说。
2、希腊神话中俄林波斯神统的最高统治者是，他的妻子赫拉是司和生殖的女神。
3、普罗米修斯是一个为了人类文明而受到宙斯残酷迫害的英雄，被马克思称为“ ”。
4、古希腊抒情诗分为合唱琴歌、独唱琴歌，前者的代表有，后者的代表有阿拉克瑞翁和女诗人___________。
5、古希腊喜剧分为旧喜剧和新喜剧，前者的代表有，后者的代表有。
6、埃斯库罗斯被誉为古希腊的“ ”，其代表作是《普罗米修斯》三部曲中的第一部《》。
7、贺拉斯在他的文学论著《诗艺》中提出了“ ”这一原则。
8、雅典奴隶主民主制时期是希腊文学的繁荣时期，主要成就是和文艺理论。
9、古希腊的旧喜剧被称为___________，新喜剧被称为___________。
10、欧里庇得斯被称为“ ”，他擅长以妇女命运为题材，刻画她们的心理，《》是其中最著名的一部。
11、古希腊诗人赫西俄德的叙事长诗《》是关于宇宙起源和众神谱系的系统描述。
12、被称为“舞台上的哲学家”的古希腊悲剧家是____________。
13、希腊神话既包括神的故事，又包括。
14古希腊流传下来的最早一首以现实生活为主要内容的长诗是写的教诲诗《》。
15、古罗马有两部《变形记》，一部是写的希腊罗马神话的诗体总集，另一部是罗马作家___________写的小说。
16、古希腊文学共分为三个时期：第一时期是，主要文学成就是和史诗；第二时期称时期，主要文学成就是有和文艺理论等；第三时期称为，主要文学样式是。
中期的罗马文学成就最高，是罗马文学的“ ”。
17、希腊神话中反映四季变化、春荣秋枯的神话是关于司农业女神和她的女儿的故事。
关于英雄的传说有建立十二件大功的的故事和关于取金羊毛的___________的故事，希腊神话中的盗火给人类，被马克思称为“ ”。
18、古罗马喜剧家的普劳图斯的作品《》成为莎士比亚喜剧的题材来源，莫里哀也曾根据他的《一坛金子》写出了喜剧。
希腊罗马神话问题及答案
Greco-RomanMythol ogy StudyGuide, part 1Part 1.1. Who are the Twelve Olympi an Gods, and what are theirpowers?Zeus. He is lord of the sky.Hera.protector of marria g e, famili ar with magic.Poseid on.God of the sea, horses, and of earthqu akesAres. He is the god of war.Athena.She is the goddes s of the city, handic rafts, and agricu lture.Apollo.He is the god of music,Artemi s. the goddes s of chasti tyHephae stus.Lame god of fire and the forge.Aphrodite.Goddes s of love, romanc e, and beauty.Demete r.Goddes s of agricu ltureHestia.Calm goddes s of home and homeli fe,Hermes. He is the god of thieves and the god of commer ce.2. Who was Promet heus? Why was he import ant to the humanrace?He was one of the Titans.Becaus e he brough t down fire to man.3. What happen ed when Pandor a's box was opened?All the painsthat mightplague mankin d such as Old Age,Labor,sickne ss.Insani ty,Vice,and Passio n flew in a cloud,stung Epimeth eusand Pandor a in everypart of theirbodies,and then attack ed the race of mortal s.4. What were the Five Ages of Man, and what happen ed afterthem?The Golden Age,the Silver Age,the Bronze Age,the Age of Heroes,the Iron Age5. What did King Midaswish for, and what proble ms did his wish bringhim?He asked that whatev er he might touchshould be change d into gold.He turned food into gold so he couldn’t eat,starvation seemed to await him.6. How does the storyof Persep honeexplai n the differ enceof the season s?7. What is Tartar us, and who is its king?Tartaru s is the deeper of the Underw orld,the prison of the Sons of the Earth.Hades is its king.Part 2.8. How did Hippom eneswin his race agains t Atalan taWith the help of Venus.9. Why did Daphne become a laurel tree?She asked h er father to change he form to protec t her from beingpursui ng.10. Why did Cupidfall in love with Psyche?Cupid was surpri sed by Psyche’s wonderful beauty that wounde d him with his own arrow,consequentl y,instea d of making Psyche fall in love with some ragged beggar,himsel f fell in love with Psyche.11. Why did Venus/Aphrod ite advise Adonis not to attack wild animal s?12. What did Hera do to Echo when she foundout that Echo was lyingto her, and what happen ed to Echo when Narcis sus died?She passed senten ce upon Echo in words.13. What was the name of the statue that Pygmal ion fell in love with?Galate a14. What object was the direct causeof the tragic end of Pyramu s and Thisbe?Part 3.15. Who was Perseu s's father?Zeus16. Why did Acrisi us put Perseu s and his mother in a coffin and throwthem into the sea?He was alarme d by an oracle which h ad told him that Perseu s wouldbe the instru m entof his death.17. Who was Medusa?She was a terrib l e monste r who had laid waste the countr y18. Why did Polydi ctessend Perseu s to kill Medusa?For an easy access to Danae.19. How did Perseu s save Androm eda from the sea monste rHe killed the sea monste r20. Why did Jasonwant the Golden Fleece?He was requir ed to attemp t what was though t to be an impossi bledeed to satisf y the demands ofa hard-hearte d taskmaster.21. What was the name of the ship the Argona uts sailed on?The Argo.22. Who were two of the Argona uts?Argos,Tiphys23. How did Medeahelp Jasonwhen he fought the crop of armedmen?She instru cted him that he should throw stones into their midst so that they wouldattack each otherrather than Jason himself.24. How did Medeaget her father's ship to stop chasin g the Argona uts?She murder ed her younge r brother Apsyrt os and cut him up into smallpieces whichshe threwover the side of the ship.Aeetes stoppe d to pick up the pieces,and so the Argo made good her escape.25. What was Hercul es famous for?He was famous for his streng th and courag e and for his legend ary adventu res.26. Why did Hercul es have to comple te twelve labors?He was told to serve Eurysth eus f or twelve yearsand win immort ality by performing the labors the king impose d upon him27. Name six of the twelve labors of Hercul esThe Nemean Lion,the Hydra,the Ceryni tian Hind,the Eryman thian Boar,the Stymph alian Birds ,the Augean Stable s28. How did Hercul es demons trate his streng th in his infanc y?29. How did Hercul es kill the Hydra?He dipped his arrows in the Hydra’s bloodor venomand so made them poison ous30. What caused the deathof Hercul es?The poison of Hydra.。
希腊罗马神话期末考试
Section1:T or FSection2:ChoiceSection3:Explain idioms•1、Pandora’s Box 灾难之盒含义:to open Pandora's box means to create evil that cannot be undone、来源:Pandora's box involves a mythological story in which the a box was given to a human who was warned never to open the box, but his curiosity made him open it resulting in a disaster、•2、The Horn of Amalthea丰饶角含义:A symbol of abundance and nourishment, commonly a large horn-shaped container overflowing with produce, flowers, nuts, other edibles, or wealth in some form、来源:One day, as Amalthea played with little Zeus, she accidentally broke off her horn、To make up for it and as a sign of gratitude, Zeus made the broken horn always be full of whatever its owner desired、•3、The Midas/Golden Touch点石成金含义:Ability to turn everything he touched into gold、if someone has the Midas touch, everything they do is successful and makes money for them来源:Midas’s job knew no bounds and as soon as he got home, he ordered the servants to set a splendid repast on the table、•4、A Procrustean Bed 强迫一致含义:When something is Procrustean, different lengths or sizes or properties are fitted to an arbitrary standard、来源: Procrustes was a rogue smith and bandit from Attica who physically attacked people by stretching them or cutting off their legs, so as to force them to fit the size of an iron bed、•5、Sow the Dragon Teeth挑起纠纷含义:The dragon's teeth, once planted, would grow into fully armed warriors、来源:In Greek myth, dragon’s teeth feature prominentl y in the legends of the Phoenician prince Cadmus and Jason's quest for the Golden Fleece、•6、Apple of Discord祸根含义: A euphemism for a small matter that could lead to a bigger dispute、来源:The Greek goddess of discord, Eris, became disgruntled after she was excluded from the wedding of Peleus and Thetis、In retaliation, she tossed a golden apple inscribed Kallisti(‘for the most beautiful one'), into the wedding party、Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite、Paris of Troy was appointed to select the recipient、He awarded the apple to Aphrodite, thus indirectly causing the Trojan War、•7、The Heel of Achilles唯一的弱点含义:A deadly weakness in spite of overall strength, that can actually or potentially leads to downfall来源:The mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, metaphorical references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common、Thetis treated Achilles with Ambrosia, making him invulnerable、Thetis burned away his mortality in the house fire except on the heel, with which he was held、Thetis dipped the infant Achilles in the river Styx, holding onto him by his heel、•8、Penelope’s Web永远做不完的工作含义:The tactics of delaying sth on purpose; the task that can never be finished来源:Penelope is the wife of Odysseus who was called to fight in the Trojan War、She waits twenty years for the final return of her husband 、In order to put off remarriage, She has devised tricks to delay her suitors, one of which is to pretend to be weaving a burial shroud for Odysseus's elderly father Laertes and claiming that she will choose a suitor when she has finished、Every night for three years, she undoes part of the shroud, until Melantho, one of twelve unfaithful serving women, discovers her chicanery and reveals it to the suitors、•9、Between Scylla and Charybdis进退维谷含义:Being between Scylla and Charybdis is an idiom expresses the meaning of "having to choose between two evils"、来源: Scylla was rationalized as a rock shoal (described as a six-headed sea monster) on the Italian side of the strait and Charybdis was a whirlpool off the coast of Sicily、They were regarded as a sea hazard located close enough to each other that they posed an inescapable threat to passing sailors; avoiding Charybdis meant passing too close to Scylla and vice versa、According to Homer, Odysseus was forced to choose which monster to confront while passing through the strait; he opted to pass by Scylla and lose only a few sailors, rather than risk the loss of his entire ship in the whirlpool、•10、Necklace of Harmonia不祥之物含义:Necklace of Harmonia brought great misfortune to all of its wearers or owners、来源:Aphrodite bore a daughter, Harmonia, from Ares' seed、Harmonia married Cadmus, the founder of Thebes、Upon hearing of the royal engagement, Hephaestus presented Harmonia with an exquisitenecklace as a wedding gift、The necklace was made by Hephaestus' own hand and was cursed to bring disaster to any who wore it、•13、A Sisyphean Task含义:Endlessly laborious or futile来源:Sisyphus was famed as the craftiest of men、He was condemned forever to roll a huge stone up a hill in Hades only to have it roll down again on nearing the top、•15、Give a cake to Cerberus含义:bribe来源:Cerberus is a watchdog at the gates of Tartarus、He would let the souls in but not out、However he could be bribed with a honey cake on occasion or with sweet music、Section4:Explain in English the meaning of following terms、15% (5)•1、Anthropomorphism神人同形同性In Greek myth, the gods and goddesses are not only personifications of the forces of the universe, they are seen as beings much like common men and women、The te rm for this is “Anthropomorphism”, meaning “in the form of a human being、”•2、The Five Ages of Men五个时代The Golden Age; the Silver Age; the Bronze Age; the Heroic Age; the Iron Age•3、Tartarus 地狱The deeper region, where the Titans had been imprisoned(Tartarus itself formed a dismal picture, it had gates of bronze guarded by Cerberus, surrounded by fire, encased by triple wall, and within, the wailing and cries of those being punished、It is the underworld zone of eternal torment, where the greatest sinners have been punished for their wrong doing、)•4、The Elysian Field 天堂领域The paradise for the Greeks•5、The Asphodel Field 充满游魂的地方A field inhabited by wandering souls•6、Styx 冥河A river in Hades across which Charon ferried the souls of the dead、•7、Hubris 过分骄傲Overbearing pride or presumption、•8、Satyr森林之神,好色的人Satyrs are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus 、In myths they are often associated with pipe-playing•9、Maenad 酒神的女祭司,异常激动的女人Often the maenads were portrayed as inspired by him into a state of ecstatic frenzy, through a combination of dancing and drunken intoxication、In this state, they would lose all self-control、•10、Narcissism 自恋Narcissus is a man who was renowned for his beauty、He was exceptionally proud, in that he disdained those who loved him、Nemesis saw this and attracted Narcissus to a pool where he saw his own reflection in the water and fell in love with it, not realizing it was merely an image、Unable to leave the beauty of his reflection, Narcissus died、•11、Harpy鹰身女妖Half woman, half bird ;vicious winged monster; often depicted as a bird with the head of a woman•12、Xenia好客Xenia is the Greek concept of hospitality, or generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home、•13、Dionysia 酒神节(in ancient Greece) festivals of the god Dionysus, an orgiastic festival in ancient Greece in honor of Dionysus•14、Aegis 羊皮盾(宙斯及其女儿雅典娜所持的帝盾)A shield hold by Athena、Under one’s aegis means doing something under the protection of a powerful, knowledgeable, or benevolent source、15、Metamorphosis 变形,变质A person or thing develops and changes into something completely different、( 变形a complete change of physical form or substance especially as by magic or witchcraft、)•16、Demigod 半人半神A less important god, especially one who is half god and half human、•17、Centaur 人首马身的动物,半人马A creature with the head, arms, and chest of a man, and the body and legs of a horse、( In classical mythology, a centaur is a creature with the head, arms, and body of a man, and the body and legs of a horse、)•18、The Deucalion FloodAphrodite's magic girdle was a golden girdle that caused men and gods to fall hopelessly in love with her、( Zeus visited Arcadia and Thessaly,and disliked the deadly wrongs of men .He decided to clear the earth of them all.Without hesitation he released the rainy south wind and called upon the heartless Poseidon to help.Soon the whole world sank in a vast ocean, and the entire human race disappeared in the unheard of flood,all but two poor Thessalians .)Section5:Essay questions 15 %( 3)•Unit 1: Examples of mythological accounts explaining the explainable、Uranus lay upon Gaia and made love to her without stop、(The interplay between rain and soil that makes plants come to life and grow、)Human Beings fashioned from clayGods and heroes descending into the Underground in the west and emerging in the East、( Sun rises in the East and sets in the West、)Persephone lived three months in the Underground with her husband and returned to live with her mother Demeter for the rest of year、(The return of spring after winter、)Eros, equipped with his sharp and blunt arrows, brings about many tragedies of human love、(Freud’s theory about love or sex as the most fundamental drive from humans、)•Unit 2: Similarities between “the first woman” i n the Greek(Pandora) and Christian creation myth(Eve)Eve was the instigator of tbe whole affair, for through her beauty and her wiles she seduced Adam to taste of the forbidden fruit、"Woman is like an apple, lovely without, rotten within、"Eve was lured by the snake、Pandora was driven by her curiosity、Their behaviors caused evil and plagues to human-beings、•Unit 3: Reasons that ancient Greeks tend to depict Zeus as a promiscuous man, an unfaithful husband?Zeus’ fatal Weaknesses: an uncontrollable lus t for sexual driveThis shows the anthropomorphism、The ancient emperors usually had many lovers, so the Greeks depict Zeus as a promiscuous man、This also shows the ancient Greeks’ imagination for a man、Reproduction is blessing、•Unit 4: Symbolic meaning of Olive Tree in the Greek story and Holy BibleWhen Poseidon and Athena disputed as to which of them should give the name to the capital of Attica, the gods decided, that it should receive its name from him who should bestow upon man the most useful gift、Poseidon then created the horse, and Athena called forth the olive tree, for which the honor was conferred on her、The olive branch in Bible appears in the story of Noah’s ark、When the water receded, a dove flied with an olive branch in its mouse、In the Greek story, Olive Tree means peace and wealth、In the Holy Bible , Olive Tree appeared after the flood ,so it represents peace、•Unit 5:•Differences between Athena and AresAres: thirst for the “hand to hand combat” and the “frenzy of battle and bloodshed”Athena: “war for the purposes of justice”, “peaceful settlements” "war at a distance", “strategic planning of war”•What are the distinctive features of Dionysus as a religious festival?The Dionysia was a large religious festival in ancient Athens in honor of Dionysus、The central event was the performance of tragedies and comedies、Dionysus was a god, mirroring the innate wildness of humanity which Athenians abhorred and tried to control、The Dionysia was a time to let out their inhibitions through highly emotional tragedies or irreverent comedies、People dressed like Satyrs and Maenads、Some men dressed as women and women as men、The Dionysia was also marked by an element of role-reversal and boundary-crossing: lower class citizens could mock the upper class; or women could insult their male relatives、•What are the Apollonian and Dionysian elements in music style and human psyche?•Unit 6•Interpretation of the Furies’, Apollo’s and Athena’s judgment on Orestes’ matricide、( See the scripts in PPT for Unit 6)Orestes is being hounded and terrorized by the Furies for the blood crime of matricide、Orestes killed his mother Clytemnestra, who murdered his father Agamemnon、(背景)Furies: holiness of motherhood, reminiscent of matriarchies; tribal laws = an eye for eyeApollo: laws of males-dominated societyAthena: representing the voice of womanhood to deny mother’s role as the creator、•In the tales of Callisto being transformed into a bear, and Acteon being transformed into a stag, what common theme does the “transformation” reveal?Ancient Greeks were sober and contemplative、They explore the mystery of human identify and human destiny、1) Transformation from human to non- human which indicates the loss of human identifies、2) Inescapable destiny of “the Hunter being hunted”•Unit 7•How do you interpret the landscape imagery in the story of Narcissus? (See PPT for session 7)Landscape imagery:"There was a clear fountain, with water like silver, to which the shepherds never drove their flocks、Nor did the mountain goats resort to it, nor any of the beasts of the forest; neither was it defaced with fallen leaves or branches; but the grass grew fresh around it, and the rocks sheltered it from the sun、His tears fell into the water and disturbed the image、The "stillness" of clear fountain suggests Narcissus' insusceptibility to the lust of the world、While his tears disturbed the image, his lust of eyes had "deflowered" him, taking away his virginity - a pure soul and a peaceful mind、•Interpretation of how Cupid (Eros) falls in love with Psyche、(See the scripts in PPT for unit 7)The erotic love (Eros) and the spiritual love (Psyche) belong together in an inseparable union、The symbol ic meaning of “the union of Cupid (Eros) and Psyche” is "animating spirit"、In Venus's garden there are two fountains: one with sweet water, the other one with bitter、Cupid fills two vases with each and then goes to Psyche's bedchamber where she is sleeping、Cupid proceeds to leta few drops from the bitter fountain water fall on her lips, then touches her side with his pointed arrow、Feeling the touch of the arrow, Psyche wakes up, opens her eyes, and seems to be gazing straight at Cupid who is invisible、This startles Cupid enough that he ends up wounding himself、Cupid immediately sets out to repair the damage he has done to Psyche, and pours a few drops of the sweet water in her hair、•Interpretation of ancient Greeks’ attitudes toward immortality in the love story of Tithonus and EosAncient Greeks against immortal youth、They thought that a man shouldn't desire in any way to vary from the kindly race of men, or pass beyond the goal of ordinance、•Unit 8&9• 1 Why is Perseus regarded as a perfect hero?Perseus was the most perfect Greek hero in myths、He was the only Greek hero who maintained supportive relationship with women throughout his career、In his pursuit of glory, he exhibited both courage and wisdom、In killing Medusa, he outwitted the monster by his shrewdness and tricks rather than mere courage and strength、He was favored by gods when he was alive and after his death, he was transformed into a constellation、• 2 What is Greeks’ conception of Hero as the story of Heracles/Jason reveals、Hercules is Greece's greatest heroes in myth, is the embodiment of strength, courage and wisdom、Jason :youthful confidence and the spirit of adventurecourage to come alone to capture a kingdomleader of a group of heroesvaliance to fight enormous evils and conquer monsterssuccess in accomplishing the impossible• 3 What is Greeks’ conception of destiny as the story of Oedipus reveals?It reflects the contradiction between human will and fate, hero of courage, integrity, kindness, courage to take responsibility、Highlight the complex relationship between necessity and contingency, the fate of the "uncertainty" and "frustrated"、Describes the fate predominates in Western myth point of view、The riddle of the Sphinx is a symbol of human self-understanding and self-discovery for the first time, began the era of human philosophy、It is also the ancient Greece formation of new moral concepts, expressing the painful memories of humanity from barbarism to civilization、•Unit 10• 1 Please interpret the bird imagery i n Odysseus’ speech树上坐着一窝小鸟,一窝嗷嗷待哺的麻雀,鸟巢筑在树端的枝桠上,叶片下,雏鸟嗦嗦发抖,一窝八只,连同生养它们的母亲,一共九只。
古希腊罗马神话赏析[试题]
![古希腊罗马神话赏析[试题]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9a19cd12cd1755270722192e453610661ed95aac.png)
古0代0希0腊0罗0马0神0话0鉴0赏0课0论0文0安阳师院人文管理学院012级金融一班杨丛文01249870130让神性流淌着人性——盗火的普罗米修斯0传说地球上本没有火种，那时人类的生活非常困苦。
没有火烧烤食物，只好吃生的东西，没有火来照明，就只好在那无边的黑暗中，度过一个又一个漫长的夜晚 0众神之王宙斯同意把火种给人类，但是他要求人类必须用一头牛来做献祭。
普罗米修斯想出一个妙计。
给宙斯献祭的时候，普罗米修斯给宙斯的牛被分成两部分：第一部分是生的牛肉，但没有牛皮；第二部分是皮包着骨头，但是浇上了香香的牛油。
宙斯一眼就识破了普罗米修斯的言外之意，生气的说：“我拒绝把最重要的东西给人类，那就是火！”0普罗米修斯是个勇敢而极富同情心的神。
他看到人类生活在寒冷和黑暗中十分伤心，为了给人类造福，普罗米修斯就冒着生命危险为人类盗取天火。
0普罗米修斯躲在太阳车所要经过的路上。
当太阳神阿波罗驾驶着太阳车轰隆隆从天空中驶过的时候，普罗米修斯悄悄地将茴香树的枝条插进太阳车的烈焰中，偷取了火种。
普罗米修斯小心翼翼地把火种带到人间。
从此，人类就用火来烧熟食物，驱寒取暖，用火来打造工具，还用火来驱赶凶猛的野兽。
人类文明向前迈进了一大步。
0主神宙斯站在奥林匹斯山上，发现人间烟火袅袅，立刻追查是谁盗走了天火。
当他得知是普罗米修斯触犯了天规，便大发雷霆，决定要狠狠惩罚他。
但是火神很敬佩普罗米修斯，悄悄地对他说：“只要你向宙斯承认错误，归还火种，我一定请求宙斯他饶恕你。
”普罗米修斯摇摇头，坚定地说：“为人类造福，有什么错！我可以忍受各种痛苦，但决不会承认错误，更不会归还火种！”0火神不敢违背宙斯的命令，只好把普罗米修斯带到高加索山，用一条永远也挣不断的铁链把他缚在一个陡峭的悬崖上，让他永远不能入睡，疲惫的双膝也不能弯曲，在他起伏的胸脯上还钉着一颗金刚石的钉子。
他忍受着饥饿、风吹和日晒。
宙斯派天神用沉重的铁链把普罗米修斯锁在高加索山的悬崖绝壁上，让他经受烈日暴雨的折磨。
西方古典神话考试题及答案
西方古典神话考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10题）1. 希腊神话中，谁被认为是智慧和战争的女神？A. 赫拉B. 阿芙罗狄蒂C. 雅典娜D. 德墨忒尔答案：C2. 罗马神话中，火神和锻造之神是谁？A. 朱庇特B. 马尔斯C. 伏尔甘D. 尼普顿答案：C3. 在希腊神话中，谁因为偷吃了智慧果而被逐出伊甸园？A. 亚当B. 夏娃C. 普罗米修斯D. 赫尔墨斯答案：A4. 以下哪位神祇不是奥林匹斯十二主神之一？A. 阿波罗B. 阿尔忒弥斯C. 赫菲斯托斯D. 潘5. 希腊神话中，谁因为嫉妒而将普罗米修斯锁在高加索山上？A. 宙斯B. 赫拉C. 波塞冬D. 哈迪斯答案：A6. 罗马神话中，爱与美的女神是？A. 维纳斯B. 朱诺C. 密涅瓦D. 戴安娜答案：A7. 希腊神话中，谁因为偷火给人类而被惩罚？A. 普罗米修斯B. 伊卡洛斯C. 代达罗斯D. 奥菲斯答案：A8. 以下哪部作品不是荷马史诗？A. 《伊利亚特》B. 《奥德赛》C. 《埃涅阿斯纪》D. 《神谱》答案：C9. 希腊神话中，谁因为拒绝阿波罗的爱情而被变成了月桂树？B. 欧罗巴C. 勒达D. 卡珊德拉答案：A10. 罗马神话中，谁被认为是农业和丰收的女神？A. 维斯塔B. 维纳斯C. 刻瑞斯D. 普洛塞尔皮娜答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共5题）1. 希腊神话中的太阳神是________，而月亮和狩猎女神是________。
答案：赫利俄斯；阿尔忒弥斯2. 罗马神话中的冥王是________，而在希腊神话中对应的神祇是________。
答案：普路托；哈迪斯3. 希腊神话中，________是宙斯和勒达的儿子，以俊美著称。
答案：阿波罗4. 罗马神话中，________是海洋之神，而希腊神话中对应的神祇是________。
答案：尼普顿；波塞冬5. 希腊神话中，________是宙斯的使者，以速度和商业之神著称。
答案：赫尔墨斯三、简答题（每题10分，共2题）1. 简述希腊神话中特洛伊战争的起因。
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A Mid-term Examination inGreek and Roman MythologyName:__________ Class:_________ Score:_________I. Match the gods/goddesses and their roles in mythology. (10%)( ) 1. Diana A. goddess of grain( ) 2. Poseidon B. goddess of hunting, the moon( ) 3. Hades C. god of the sea( ) 4. Hera D. queen of Olympus; goddess of marriageand childbirth( ) 5. Ceres E. goddess of arts and crafts and defensivewar; goddess of wisdom( ) 6. Athena F. goddess of beauty and sexual desire ( ) 7. Aphrodite G.. god of war( ) 8. Mars H. metal smith of the gods( ) 9. Hermes I. ruler of the Underworld; lord of the dead( ) 10. Hephaestus J. Zeus’messenger, guardian of travelers,merchants and thievesK. one of the Fates who determine thelength of each mortal’s lifeII. Choose a word/phrase from the following list to fill in each of the blanks with, changing their forms if necessary. (20%)1.The report presented by the scientist to the government was extremely _______ - no one could understand it.2.He was ________ by her beauty, but lacked the courage to speak to her.3.Another round of negotiations were conducted on the Middle East under the _______ of the UN.4.Seeing the ________ expression on his father’s face, the boy immediately knew what was awaiting him.5.While the president was casually chatting with his supporters, his body-guards were _______, looking for any single sign of danger.6.The scientist spent all his life researching the ____________ of his hometown.7.Showing disrespect to gods according to many cultures is to invite ______.8.The young man had about him a(n) _______ of youth and health.9. When the theater caught fire, there was a great______.10. The desk was a ______ of papers and unopened letters.III. Multiple Choice Questions (10%)( )1. The Iliad and the Odyssey were both written by _______.A. VirgilB. OvidC. HesiodD. Homer( )2. Many transformation stories can be found in _________, a collection of poems written by ____.A. Metamorphosis; OvidB. Theogony, HesiodC. Persians, AeschylusD. Aeneid, Virgil( )3.The spinners of the thread of human destiny were __________.A. the MusesB. the GracesC. the FatesD. the Furies( )4.Zeus changed Io a _______ hide her from Hera.A. bearB. heiferC. snakeD. bull( )5.Leda and the Swan was supposedly painted by __________.A. Peter Paul RubensB. Gustave MoreauC. Sandro BotticelliD. Leonardo da Vinci( )6.Pandora replaced the lid of her box, with only one thing left at the bottom - _______.A. warB. famineC. hopeD. disease( )7.Arachne was a _____, who was punished by ______.A. hunter; DianaB. titan; ZeusC. weaver; MinervaD. king; Hera( )8.When we say someone has Midas’ ears, we are commenting on his ________.A. wealthB. poor judgmentC. prideD. avarice( )9.The gods who ruled the heavens, the ocean and the Underworld, respectively, were ______.A. Jupiter, Pluto and SaturnB. Jupiter, Apollo and Neptune D. Jupiter, Neptune andPluto( )10.If you throw a sop to Cerberus, you are trying to _______.A. kill someoneB. bribe someoneC. avoid being killed by someoneD. enjoy a blissful afterlife.IV. Read each literary excerpt carefully and do the following: (a) underline all the mythological allusions, and (b) explain their meanings according to the context of the excerpt. (20%)1. We feasted that evening as on nectar and ambrosia. (Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1847)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2.There was, as I have said, a Minerva fully armed. (Marilynne Robinson, Mother Country, 1889) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________3.Trinity College had undertaken the Sisyphean task of repairing all of its historic Front Square.(John Brady, A Stone of the Heart, 1988)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________4.Antoine and Francoise with their children, but without ever knowing why, joined the refugees for the sake of their vision of elysium and because of Don Emmanuel’s enthusiasm. (Louis De Berni res, The War of Don Emmanuel’s Nether Parts, 1990)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5.It was hard to imagine H.E. sniffing after some other country woman, or being discovered mounting one of the milking girls. H.E., even when he was twenty-seven, would not have made a credible farmyard satyr. (Thomas Keneally, The Playmaker, 1987)____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________V. Look at the following paintings and tell briefly the mythological stories depicted therein. (20%)1._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________VI. Essay question: (A) choose ONE from the list of questions and answer the question you’ve chosen, and (B) tell what you have learned from this course. You should write at least 150 words. (20%)1.What is the significance of the story of Proserpine?2.What are the different character traits between Apollo and Bacchus?3.What is the relationship between hubris and nemesis (cite at least one mythological story as an example)?4.What aspect does the Pandora myth show about the ancient Greek society?Your question：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________。