中国国际收支平衡表分析中英对照
中国国际收支平衡表中文版
China's international balance of payments analysis Balance of payments is a country's residents in a certain period of time with the residents all political, economic and cultural exchanges between the system of monetary record of all economic transactions. A country's international balance of payments by the country's balance of payments. The balance of payments reflects the economic transactions of the scale, structure, etc. In 2010, under the China's balance of payments some brief analysis.1. The overall situation in 2010, China's international balance of payments transactions total $5.3 trillion, compared with last year growth of 20.25%. From the table in total composition of the balance of payments in China in 2010, can draw a preliminary conclusion that China's international balance of payments in 2010 continue to maintain the current account, capital and financial account surplus, the steady growth of total surplus, steady growth in foreign exchange reserves, estimated balance overall in good condition.China's international balance of payments current account surplus of $531.4 billion in 2010. According to the balance of payments statistics caliber computation, exports of $1.5814 trillion in 2010, the goods imported us $1.3272 trillion, $254.2 billion surplus; Services revenue of $171.2 billion, spending $193.3 billion, $22.1 billion deficit; Project revenue of $144.6 billion, spending $114.2 billion, $30.4 billion surplus;Often transfer income is $49.5 billion, spending $6.6 billion, $42.9 billion surplus.Capital and financial account surplus of $226 billion in 2010. The capital account surplus of $4.6 billion, compared with 2009 increased; The financial account surplus of $221.4 billion. Surplus of $124.9 billion in financial project, direct investment; Securities investment surplus of $24 billion; Other investment surplus of $72.4 billion. Obviously, the direct investment is still the main form of foreign capital inflows in China. Under the impetus of the overall international payments surplus, China's international reserve assets keep growing. In 2010, an increase of $2009 at the end of 2009, China's international reserves of foreign exchange reserves increase of $87.5 billion from a year earlier, China's foreign solvency further strengthened.2. The difference analysisHere mainly on the current account balance, capital and financial account balance and the balance of the relationship between transverse and longitudinal comparison analysis.(1) horizontal analysis1) the current account balance analysisIn international economic activities, the current account in a large extent of a country's international balance of payments, and trade in goods and services to a large extent determines the country's current account status.In 2010, our country's balance of payments, the current account surplus of $305.4 billion. Goods trade surplus of $254.2 billion, trade in services in 22.1 billion dollar deficit, a total of $232.1 billion in goods and services surplus. Subproject under the service project, communication services, construction services, computer and information services, consulting and other commercial services rendered surplus, and to building services, computer and information services consulting of surplus for the most part, it shows that the international competitiveness of China's in these services is stronger; , including transportation, tourism, insurance services, proprietary rights fee and royalty, and such other projects are of deficit, with transportation, insurance services, proprietary rights, and among them fee and royalty of deficit top three, this shows that our country on the service item is lack of international competitiveness, remains to be improved.2) capital and financial balance analysisCapital and financial account balance mainly reflected in the financial balance, the change of financial project decides the change of capital and financial items. Overall, our financial account inflows of $1.1032 trillion, 2010 outflows of $881.8 billion, $221.4 billion surplus. The outer net increase in direct investment of $60.2 billion in China, the foreign direct investment in China net increase of $185.1 billion, $124.9 billion direct investment account surplus; Securities investment inflows of $24 billion,other investment inflows of $72.4 billion. Obviously, the foreign direct investment in the financial accounts and other major investment projects, small proportion of the securities investment, that is to say, our financial account surplus mainly comes from the direct investment and other investment projects of surplus.(2) the longitudinal analysis1) the current account balance analysisFrom the table that, in 2010 China's current-account surplus is increased by 5.45% in 2009, mainly from the increase in trade in goods and services surplus. In 2010 China's trade in goods and services on the whole, maintained steady growth, in 2010, the year the goods and services trade exports and imports year-on-year growth of 36.597% and 31.45% respectively; The goods trade surplus grew by 1.884%. Revenue account surplus to reduce 29.792%, often transfer account surplus rose 27.3%. This is mainly due to the transportation, tourism, insurance services and proprietary rights fee and royalty projects such as deficit increase.2) capital and financial balance analysisIn 2010 China's capital and financial account surplus is increased by 56.08% in 2009, mainly comes from the surplus financial projects and other investment increase.Capital projects in China in 2010 than in 2009 growth is less, the overallslow growth.In 2010 our country finance project surplus rose 57.13% in 2009, mainly from the increase of direct investment and other investments. 39.71% year-on-year increase in direct investment surplus, foreign direct investment inflows in China increased by 136.7%, maintaining high level; Foreign direct investment outflows increased by 37.13%, which indicates that our country enterprise steady development of "going out", but influenced by the international financial crisis, are less than a year.。
国际收支平衡表指标解释
国际收支平衡表指标说明一、编制原则1.我国国际收支平衡表按国际货币基金组织《国际收支手册》第五版规定的各项原则编制，采用复式记账法的原理记录国际经济交易。
所有交易均发生在我国大陆居民与非我国大陆居民之间。
2.国际收支平衡表中的贷方项目是：货物和服务的出口、收益收入、接受的货物和资金的无偿援助、金融负债的增加和金融资产的减少。
3.国际收支平衡表中的借方项目是：货物和服务的进口、收益支出、对外提供的货物和资金无偿援助、金融资产的增加和金融负债的减少。
二、项目含义（一）经常项目：包括货物和服务、收益和经常性转移。
A.货物和服务：包括货物和服务两部分。
a.货物：指通过我国海关的进出口货物，以海关进出口统计资料为基础，根据国际收支统计口径要求，出口、进口都以商品所有权变化为原则进行调整，均采用离岸价格计价，即海关统计的到岸价进口额减去运输和保险费用统计为国际收支口径的进口，出口沿用海关的统计。
对商品退货也在此项目中进行了调整。
出口记在贷方，进口记在借方。
b.服务：包括运输、旅游、通讯、建筑、保险、金融服务、计算机和信息服务、专有权使用费和特许费、各种商业服务、个人文化娱乐服务以及政府服务。
贷方表示收入，借方表示支出。
1.运输：指与运输有关的服务收支。
包括海、陆、空运输，太空和管道运输等。
2.旅游：指对在我国境内停留不足一年的外国旅游者和港澳台同胞（包括因公、因私）提供货物和服务获得的收入以及我国居民出国旅行（因公、因私）的支出。
3.通讯服务：包括：（1）电讯，指电话、电传、电报、电缆、广播、卫星、电子邮件等；（2）邮政和邮递服务。
4.建筑服务：指我国企业在经济领土之外完成的建筑、安装项目，以及非居民企业在我国经济领土之内完成的建筑、安装项目。
5.保险服务：包括各种保险服务的收支，以及同保险交易有关的代理商的佣金。
6.金融服务：包括金融中介和辅助服务收支。
7.计算机和信息服务：包括计算机数据和与信息、新闻有关的服务交易收支。
中美日泰四国国际收支平衡表分析
中、美、日、泰四国国际收支平衡表分析我们收集了中国、美国、日本和泰国四国2001-2009年的国际收支平衡表数据进行分析。
首先，我们逐一对每个国家的国际收支情况进行纵向简单分析。
1.中国国际收支平衡表分析图1：2001-2009年中国国际收支平衡表结构（单位：百万美元）（数据来源：2010, International Monetary Fund: International Financial Statistics Yearbook, pp.230）由图1看出，（1）中国在2001年加入世界贸易组织后，经常账户余额呈逐年递增趋势。
2001年到2004年间增加较缓，2004年到2008年间增加迅速。
2008年世界性经济危机爆发后，经常账户余额有所回落，2009年只达到2006年水平。
（2）资本账户波动平缓，基本上没有大的变化。
（3）金融账户余额在2001年到2004年间平缓上升，在2004年以后经历了一个“升—降—升”的过程，在2006年触底反弹，2008年受经济危机影响再次触底并反弹，前后波动较大。
（4）储备和相关项目金额逐年递增，在2001年到2004年间缓慢上升，2005年到2007年间迅速上升，2008年后回落，大致与经常账户变化正相关。
（5）错误和遗漏项波动不大，说明国际投机资本流动波动不大。
在中国9年的国际收支平衡表中，经常账户余额与储备和相关项目金额的变动最大，而储备和相关项目的变动又与经常账户的变动密切相关，因此我们把经常账户单独列出分析。
图2：2001-2009年中国国际收支经常账户结构（单位：百万美元）（数据来源：根据2010, International Monetary Fund: International Financial Statistics Yearbook, pp.230计算）由图2可知，国际货物贸易净额变化与经常账户余额变化正相关，货物贸易的巨大顺差是中国经常账户发生变化的根本原因。
中国国际收支平衡表分析
中国国际收支平衡表分析2011至2014上半年一、经常项目账户自改革开放之后，我国一直坚持以出口为导向的经济政策，推动经济对外发展。
所以反映到国际收支表上，经常项目账户一直都是顺差，尤其是货物的顺差是经常项目保持顺差的主要原因。
从国际的角度看，近几年，可以看到货物的顺差基本维持不变，而服务的逆差继续扩大，尤其是运输、旅游、金融服务方面成为服务逆差的主要来源。
随着国民收入水平的提高，居民的消费呈现多元化发展，加之人民币一直保持着逐渐升值的趋势，出境旅游和出国留学变得频繁，这些境外消费和咨询等带动旅游项目逆差的逐年扩大，形成了较大的旅游逆差。
另一方面，大量出口的货物和服务也带动了运输项目的逆差。
而随着我国金融的逐步市场化和全球化，金融作为服务的一个重要组成部分也是服务项目逆差的重要来源之一。
服务贸易逆差过大的问题在我国并非很快就能解决，我国服务贸易大但并非强，最主要的原因还是在于出口的增长速度大于进口，带动了运输，金融服务等方面的逆差，而近几年较为火热的出境旅游和出国留学带动了旅游逆差的扩大，此外，由于服务业的发展需要建立在实体经济的基础上，且相对投入周期较长，随着我国经济的发展和经济结构的转型，服务贸易的规模仍然会继续增长。
这些因素都使得我国服务贸易的逆差格局在短期将难以改变。
另外，通过经常项目账户可以注意到的是我国的经常转移项目一直是顺差，而在13年却变为了-87亿美元，出现逆差，这除了国际上的一些援助变化外，可能与我国的相关外交政策有关，如对朝鲜的援助在减少等。
从国内的角度看，经常项目的顺差在国内表现为储蓄大于投资，我国一直是投资主导型经济，人们更倾向于储蓄而少消费，国内消费不足，投资甚至过热使得对外资产增加，这对经常项目的顺差带来了一定的影响。
另一方面，经常项目账户的顺差也反映了我国政府部门的盈余，即政府部门的收支状况也在一定程度上影响着经常项目的差额。
二、资本和金融项目账户我国的国际收支一直是一个“双顺差”的格局，资本和金融项目账户一直都是顺差，金融项目顺差的扩大是形成该项目顺差的主要原因。
2010国际收支平衡表分析
2010中国国际收支平衡表分析 2010中国国际收支平衡表分析
2010 the Chinese international balance of payment analysis
小组成员： 小组成员： 王利 王玉妹 梁宇菲 阚甜宇
国际收支平衡表分析
第1章国际收支（Balance of Payments）第3节国际收支平衡表的分析Analysis of BOP Statements一、国际收支失衡的含义The meanings of imbalance ： means the expenditure totalamount exceed receipts ，or contrary circumstance in acountry‘s balance of payments . The former is BOP deficit ，The latter is BOP surplus .（surplus （favorable）：顺差 deficit（ unfavorable）：逆差）是指收入总额大于支出总额或相反的情况。
前者称国际收支顺差，后者称国际收支逆差。
Notice：1.国际收支失衡指的是经济意义（economic meaning）上的失衡。
2.国际收支失衡既包括逆差（deficit）也包括顺差（surplus）。
3.国际收支失衡通常是指经常的（frequent ）、持续的（ continuous）和大量的（a great deal ）失衡。
国际收支平衡与否的三种情况：平衡 balance基本平衡 basic balance不平衡 imbalance4.国际收支失衡可以从国际经济交易的性质（quality）和发生的原因（reason ）来进行判断。
国际经济交易分自主性交易和调节性交易两种。
Divided into：autonomous transactionregulative transaction前者指单个经济主体（如进出口商、银行、个人），基于自身的需要或目的（the demand or purpose of the oneself）而进行的交易活动。
E.g.市场 market利润 profit风险 risk价格 price税率 tax rate投机 speculation管制 control后者指一国货币当局为了保持国际收支平衡、维护本币汇率稳定，在自主性交易出现缺口（gap）后，为填平其缺口（fill up ）而进行的交易活动。
中国国际收支平衡表及分析(Word)
2009年平衡表及分析注：1.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。
分析：统计显示，2009年我国国际收支经常项目、资本和金融项目呈现“双顺差”现象。
2009年，我国国际收支经常项目顺差2971亿美元，较上年下降32%。
其中，按照国际收支统计口径计算，货物项目顺差2495亿美元，服务项目逆差294亿美元，收益项目顺差433亿美元，经常转移顺差337亿美元。
2009年，资本和金融项目顺差1448亿美元，较上年上升6.64倍。
其中，资本项目顺差40亿美元，金融项目顺差1409亿美元；金融项目中，直接投资净流入343亿美元，证券投资净流入387亿美元，其它投资净流入679亿美元。
我国国际储备资产因交易而增加3984亿美元，按可比口径较上年减少17％。
其中，货币黄金增加49亿美元，特别提款权增加111亿美元，外汇储备资产净增加3821亿美元 (不含汇率、价格等非交易价值变动影响)，在基金组织的储备头寸增加4亿美元。
从以上分析可以看出，在金融项目里，我国在直接投资和其它投资项目方面处于顺差地位，而在证券投资方面出现逆差。
证券投资和其他投资方面正好互相抵消，基本不会影响我国的国际收支在金融账户上的盈亏状况。
也就是说，我国在金融账户上盈余主要来自直接投资项目的盈余。
经常项目收支差额虽然并不能代表全部国际收支，但它放映的是一个国家真实资源综合变化的实际情况，在国际经济交往中，经常项目在较大程度上决定一国的国际收支状况。
一国的国际收支是否平衡，是以自主性交易的借贷方差额为判断标准的，即一国的经常项目差额维持在合理的状态下，该指标为（经常项目余额/一国GDP<=5%）。
由上表可见，2009年经常项目的借贷方差额为2971亿美元，占我国GDP比例为6.1%（>5%），因此我国经常项目余额已超出了合理的范围，我国国际收支处于失衡状态，且失衡状态已持续了5年（2005—2009）之久。
但2003至2004年，我国的国际收支尚处于合理的范围内，基本上处于平衡状态，失衡状态从2005年才开始出现。
国金名词解中英文版(供参考)
国金名词解释1、Balance of payments accounting : 国际收支平衡账户A detailed record of the composition of the current account balance and of the many transactions that finace it .国际收支账户是对经常项目的组成以及相关金融业务的详细记录。
2、Official foreign cxchange intervention : 官方外汇干预The official transactions that central banks buy or sell international reserves in private asset markets to affect macroeconomic conditions in their economies .中央银行在私人外汇市场上买卖国际储备以改变经济的宏观环境的交易。
3、Official international reserves : 官方国际储备They are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune.中央银行持有的外国资产，可以作为国民经济情况不利情况时的缓冲器。
4、Official settlements balance (or balance of payments) : 官方结算余额（国际收支平衡）The bookkeeping offset to the balance of official reserve transactions . 在会计上登记用来抵消官方储备交易余额的部分。
5、Foreign exchange market : 外汇交易市场The market in which international currency trades take place . 国际货币的交易场所。
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Analysis of China’s BoP1. The condition of China’s international balance of paymentsIn 2015, there are some new changes in China's international balance of payments. It changes from "double surplus" to "one surplus and one deficit" which there is surplus in current account, and there is deficit in capital and financial account (excluding reserve assets) .T he surplus in current account increased to be nearly three hundred billion dollars.In 2015, the current account surplus is $ billion, increased 33% over the last year. The current account surplus to GDP ratio was % , it was % in 2014.Goods trade surplus create a high record. In 2015, the balance of payments caliber goods trade surplus is $ billion, increased 33% over the last year. Among them, the goods trade income is $ trillion, decreased by 4%; expenditure is trillion US dollars, decreased by 13%.Trade in services continued to show a deficit. In 2015, services trade deficit is $ billion, increase 39% over the last year. Trade in services income is $ billion, decreased by 1%; expenditure is $ billion, increased 15% over the last year. The travel service project is the largest one in trade deficit. In 2015, the deficit is $195 billion, increased 81% over the last year, because of strong needs of overseas study, tourism, shopping and other spending needs.Primary income deficit is enlarged. In 2015, primary income deficit is $ billion, increased 74% over the last year. Income $ billion, increased 8%; spending $ billion, increased 17%. Mainly because of the large amount of direct investment in China, and the growth rate of the spending on investment is higher than the rate of China’s foreign direct investment income .Secondary income deficit is narrowed. In 2015, secondary income (formerly known as current transfers) deficit is $ billion, compared with last year decreased 46%. Income is $ billion, decreased 8%; spending is $ billion, decreased 24%.金融账户呈现逆差。
2015年，我国非储备性质的金融账户逆差5044亿美元（包含第四季度的净误差与遗漏，实际数据预计会小于该数据）。
其中，直接投资净流入有所下降。
2015年，直接投资净流入771亿美元，较上年下降63%。
一方面，对外直接投资净流出1671亿美元，较上年增长108%，说明因“”战略不断推进，境内企业看好境外投资前景，“走出去”步伐不断加大。
另一方面，来华直接投资仍呈现净流入2442亿美元，虽较上年下降16%，但总的来看，境外投资者仍看好我国的长期投资前景，来华直接投资净流入规模仍然较大。
financial accounts show a deficit.By 2015, China's non-reserve financial account deficit of $ billion (including the fourth quarter, net errors and omissions, the data is expected to be smaller than the actual data). Among them, the net inflow of direct investment declined. 2015, net inflow of direct investment, $ billion, compared with last year fell 63%. On the one hand, foreign direct investment, a net outflow of $ billion, an increase of 108% over the previous year, indicating that due to "along the way" strategy progresses, domestic enterprises optimistic about the prospects for foreign investment, "going out" pace increasing. On the other hand, direct investment in China is still showing a net inflow of $ billion, although higher than last year fell 16%, but, in general, foreign investors are still optimistic about the prospects of long-term investment, the net inflow of direct investment scale in China is still relatively Big.外汇储备下降2015年末，我国外汇储备余额万亿美元，较上年末减少5127亿美元，下降13%。
其中，因国际收支交易形成的外汇储备下降3423亿美元，因汇率、资产价格变动等非交易因素形成的外汇储备账面价值下降1703亿美元。
the decline in foreign exchange reserves.The end of 2015, foreign exchange reserves of $ trillion, representing a reduction of $ billion the previous year, down 13%. Among them, the balance of payments due to the formation of trading foreign exchange reserves fell $ billion, the book value of foreign exchange reserves due to non-trading factors, the exchange rate and asset price changes and the like fell $ billion.2. 2015年经常账户顺差大幅增长，而资本却呈现流出。
2015 current account surplus increased significantly, while capital outflow was presented。
按照最新的国际标准，国际收支平衡表分为经常账户、资本和金融账户，如果不考虑误差与遗漏，那么经常账户与资本和金融账户必然相等，而符号相反。
也就是说，只要经常项目是顺差，那么资本和金融账户必然是逆差，经常账户顺差越大，资本和金融账户逆差也越大。
In accordance with the latest international standards, bop into the current account, capital and financial account, if you do not consider the errors and omissions, then thecurrent account and the capital and financial account necessarily equal, but opposite in sign. That is, as long as the current account surplus, the capital and financial account deficit is inevitable, the greater the current account surplus, capital and financial account deficit is greater.根据国际收支平衡表的记录原则，对外资产增加或负债减少记录为资本流出，也就是说，资本和金融账户逆差表示我国对外净资产增加。