2012年重庆中考英语真题卷含答案解析
重庆市2012年初中毕业暨高中招生考试 英语 4A(全卷共九个大题 满分:150分 考试时间:120分钟) 第Ⅰ卷(共100分)Ⅰ.听力测试。
(共30分)(略)Ⅱ.单项选择。
(每小题1分,共20分)从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
21.Lin is good basketball player in the NBA.A.aB.anC.theD./22.Reading more helps learn better.A.weB.our C .us D.ours23.My friend,Henry was born June 10th,1997.A.inB.onC.atD.for24.—Bill,what s your sister s favorite ?—She likes volleyball best.A.foodB.colorC.sportD.movie25.I didn t believe he could drive he told me.A.onceB.whileC.sinceD.until26.Mr.Li asks the students in the river,because it s too dangerous.A.swimB.to swimC.not to swimD.to not swim27.— did you visit the Science Museum?—Three months ago.A.WhenB.WhereC.WhatD.Which28.The flower smells and I like it very much.A.wellB.goodC.badD.badly29.—Where is your cousin?—He an English exam now.A.has B .had C.has had D.is having30.There must be wrong with the clock.It doesn t work.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything31.Helen was so excited at the news that she could say a word.A.everB.almostC.hardlyD.always32.—Mom,must I clean my room now?—No,you .You can do it tomorrow.A.can tB.needn tC.mustn tD.shouldn t33.Chinese by more and more people from all over the world today.A.learnB.learnedC.is learnedD.was learned34.—Hello,may I speak to Sandy?— .A.Yes,I m Rose B .I ll call back againC.Yes,I can t hear youD.This is Sandy speaking35.You don t have to worry about me.I m old enough to myself.A.look afterB.look forC.look upD.look at36.—Could you tell me?—By searching the Internet.A.how you got the informationB.why you got the informationC.how did you get the informationD.why did you get the information37.Jack,,or you will get heavier.A.doesn t play sports any moreB.doesn t eat so much meatC.don t play sports any moreD.don t eat so much meat38.Sanya is a beautiful city.I there twice.A.have goneB.have beenC.have gone toD.have been to39.—What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?—Oh!It s one of films I ve ever seen.A.interestingB.more interestingC.most interestingD.the most interesting40.—I am going to London to watch the Summer Olympic Games next month.—!A.Have a good timeB.It s terribleC.Good jobD.What a pityⅢ.完形填空。
(每小题2分,共20分)根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。
Are you nervous when you stand in front of the public?Are you afraid to make a speech?Li Jun,a middle school boy,felt shy when he was making a speech the other day.Li had thought it would be quite easy to speak in front of41classmates.“I was wrong.It was very different and much42than talking to my classmates during playtime,”Li said.“I tried,but it was really difficult to speak.I felt like a mute(哑巴)and wanted to leave the classroom43.”Li is not alone.Many middle school students now have the same44:they can talk about their ideas freely 45their best friends after class,but can t speak in public.According to Zhou Hong,a teacher from a university,the main reason is that schools in China pay more attention to writing instead of46.Zhou hopes schools can give students more chances to open their47,such as speech competitions,English corners and class discussions.Students can join in any one they want to.48he also gives some advice to students.“During your free time you should49more.When you re speaking in public,take it easy.Just imagine you re talking to nobody and speak up your ideas clearly,”Zhou said.“That50a fine public speech and you ll feel confident.”41.A.her B.my C.your D.his42.A.harder B.easier C.better ter43.A.slowly B.quickly C.sadly D.happily44.A.answer B.subject C.problem D.question45.A.except B.beside C.from D.with46.A.listening B.speaking C.reading D.singing47.A.mouths B.eyes C.minds D.hearts48.A.But B.So C.And D.Or49.A.play B.practice C.write D.watch50.A.reports B.keeps C.hears D.makesⅣ.阅读理解。
(每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列材料,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
AI was quite close to my grandmother,Julia.We lived with her and then she lived with us.She was a very nice person,both kind and patient.She taught me to read and write when I was young and helped me to be interested in stories and poems.In my mind,my grandmother was a great tailor.She made clothes or toys better than anything you can buy in a shop today.She always made clothes for family and friends.My grandmother was also a hard worker both at home and at work.I can still remember the difficult time when we were very poor.At that time,my grandmother was already sixty years old but she worked in a hospital for a long time every day—not in the office but doing the cleaning outside and taking care of me at the same time while my mom was at work!My brother and sisters also love her.We will never forget our grandmother.She is really important in our lives and is always there for all of us in one way or another.I am proud to be her grandson.51.The writer s grandmother taught him to when he was young.A.read and writeB.sing and danceC.draw and singD.play and learn52.His grandmother always made for family and friends.A.cakesB.cardsC.mealsD.clothes53.While his mom was,his grandmother took care of him.A.at homeB.at workC.out of workD.in hospital54.At the age of60,his grandmother in a hospital for a long time every day.A.made fine toysB.worked in the officeC.did the cleaningD.stayed with his motherB55.If you want to work as a taxi driver,you can call.A.555-7296B.555-6238C.555-7843D.555-976756.lost a small,black and white dog.A.MarkB.Zig ZagC.Mr.WinterD.Gus.Reward57.If Mrs.White wants to see Titanic3D with her10-year-old daughter,she will pay dollars.A.10B.20C.30D.32CA school bus is one that is used to take children to and from school.In the USA,about450,000school buses take more than25million children to and from school.The yellow school bus is a US icon(象征).Yellow became the color of school buses in the USA in1939.Dr.Frank got the good idea.He said it was easy for people to see yellow buses and the black letters on them in early morning or late afternoon.That would make children safer.There are not many school buses in Britain,and they are not yellow.They have trackers(追踪器)on them,so kids are being tracked while they travel to and from school by bus.The trackers let parents know where the school bus is and whether their kids are on the bus.Kindergarten(幼儿园)is a difficult time for some kids.It s the first time for them to go away from their parents.To make kids love their school,Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses.The buses can easily make children want to take them—and then,go to school.Even some parents want to take them,too!School buses are becoming more and more popular in China now.It saves a lot of time4Bfor students to take a school bus.It s said that there will be3,000yellow school buses on the road by the end of this year in Chongqing.58.According to Dr.Frank,school buses are safer for the students.A.yellowB.blackC.whiteD.colorful59.Children in Japan may easily by taking the school bus.A.save timeB.love their schoolC.play gamesD.do their homework60.Chinese students will save a lot of time to to school.A.walkB.take a taxiC.ride a bikeD.take a school bus61.This passage is mainly about.A.school busesB.school lifeC.popular colorsD.students safetyDA punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the correct time and is never late for anything.An unpunctual man never does what he has to do at the right time.He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name.A lost thing may be found again,but lost time can never be got back.Time is more useful than material things.In fact,time is life itself.An unpunctual man is always wasting his most important things as well as others .An unpunctual person is always saying unhappily that he finds no time to answer letters or return calls.But the man who really has much to do is very careful of his time.He knows that he cannot finish all his work unless he carefully does every piece of work.Being unpunctual is the sign of disrespect(不尊重)towards others.If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the time when he should be there,he keeps all the other guests(客人)waiting for ually this will be thought as a great disrespect to the host and all the other guests.Not like a punctual person,an unpunctual one can t do his duty wonderfully,whether it is public or personal.Imagine how it would be if those who should do important tasks failed to be on time.A man who is known to be often unpunctual is never believed by his friends or fellow men.62.The Chinese meaning of the word“punctual”in this passage is probably“”.A.听话的B.守时的C.守纪律的D.能干的63.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.An unpunctual person often has more time.B.An unpunctual person has more work to do.C.A punctual person often has a busy life.D.A punctual person often does his work wonderfully.64.When you are invited to dinner,you d better arrive there.A.in a hurryB.after the hostC.at the decided timeD.before other guests65.From the passage,we learn that an unpunctual man usually in the end.A.saves time for othersB.leaves his family and friendsC.gets his chances and knowledgeD.loses his time and good name第Ⅱ卷(共50分)Ⅴ.任务型阅读。
2012重庆中考英语作文真题
2012重庆中考英语作文真题
中考英语作文是必考项，重要性不言而喻。
它也是让大多数学生最头疼的事情。
冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，练习英语写作也是一样，三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的，必须得持之以恒的练习，才会有进步。
中考频道精心为大家汇总了多篇中考英语作文范文资料，可以供同学和家长们参考。
Ix.书面表达。
(15分)
假如你校有几位来自美国的交换生，他们打算周末步行去翠湖公园。
请根据提示为他们写出前往的路线，并简介公园情况。
要点提示：校对1.路线(见右图); 2.公园环境优美、凉爽，还可游泳、野餐等;
3.…… 要求：
1.词数：80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。
Ⅸ.One possible version:
Cuihu Park is not far from here. It's easy to get there. Just go straight and return at the first corner. Walk along the road and turn left when you find a hospital. Cuihu Park is down the street on your right. Across from the park is a restaurant.。
重庆市2012年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语参考试卷
重庆市2012年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语参考试卷第Ⅰ卷（共100分）Ⅰ.听力测试。
（共30分）第一节：情景反应。
（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍。
根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1.A. How do you do? B. I'm fine. C. Very good .2.A. I'd like to. B. That's right. C. It's doesn't matter.3.A. Yes ,of course. B. Thank you. C. Yes,I can.4.A. Goodbye. B. Good idea! C. Don't worry!5.A. It's nice. B. Well done. C. Sorry to hear that.6.A. Not at all. B. OK, I will. C.It's a pity.第二节：对话理解。
（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍。
根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
7.A. Tom's. B. Jim's. C. Jack's.8.A. Drinking. B. Swimming. C.Shopping.9.A. At 10:00. B. At 10:30. C. At 11:00.10.A. In the museum. B. In the theatre. C. In the bedroom.11.A. A worker. B. A driver. C. A teacher.12.A. Boring . B. Interesting. C. Exciting.第三节：短文理解。
（每小题1.5分，共12分）听两遍。
重庆英语中考真题(word含答案之欧阳史创编
重庆市2012年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题（全卷共九个大题满分：150分考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1.试题的条案书写在答题卡（卷）上，不得在试卷上直接作答。
2.作答前认真阅读答题卡（卷）上的注意事项。
3.考试结束，由监考人员将试题和答题卡（卷）一并收回。
第I卷（共100分）I.听力测试。
（共30分）第一节：情景反应。
（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍。
根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1. A. All right. B. Good morning. C. You’re welcome2. A. See you. B. Excuse me. C.Nice to meet you.3. A. Bad luck. B. Sounds good. C.Just have a look.4. A. Well done. B. Never mind.C. Sorry, I won’t.5. A. Here you are. B. Not at all.C. Be careful.6. A. Monday. B. Yesterday.C. Every day.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C第二节：对话理解。
（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍，根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
7. A. A sweater. B. A shirt. C. A coat.8. A. He has a cold. B. He lost his pen.C. His bike is broken.9. A. Math. B. Chinese.C. English.10. A. On the chair. B. On the bed.C. On the desk.11. A. Rainy. B. Windy.C. Cloudy.12. A. Lily. B. Lucy.C. They’re the same.【答案】7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. B第三节：短文理解。
2012年 中考英语试题及答案
试卷类型：A二○一二年初中学业水平考试英语试题注意事项：1．本试题分第I卷和第II卷两部分。
第I卷1－6页为选择题，55分；第II卷7－10页为非选择题，45分；共100分。
考试用时100分钟。
2．答第I卷前务必将自己的姓名、考号、考试科目及试卷类型涂写在答题卡上。
考试结束后，试题和答题卡一并收回。
3．第I卷每题选出答案后，都必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号（A、B、C或D）涂黑。
如需改动，必须先用橡皮擦干净，再改涂其它答案。
第I卷（选择题共55分）一、英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. My host family is taking me to ________ English film festival next weekend.A. anB. aC. theD. 不填2. —What do you call your father’s sisters?—_______.A. UnclesB. CousinsC. AuntsD. Parents3. A 100-year-old man ran a marathon in Toronto on Sunday. He became the ________ personto complete the long-distance running in the world.A. youngestB. bestC. biggestD. oldest4. —What does your new English teacher look like?—She is a pretty lady ________ long hair.A. atB. forC. withD. of5. —Do you need a new dictionary, Susan?—No, Mum. My uncle bought me ________ yesterday.A. oneB. itC. the oneD. another6. My friend Frank sings well, and he is _______ good at playing guitar.A. notB. alsoC. yetD. too7. As one of the school rules, middle school students are not ________ to smoke.A. orderedB. refusedC. allowedD. forbidden8. —Have you ever seen the movie 2012?—Yes, but I don’t believe ________ the year 2012 will see the end of the world.A. thatB. whatC. howD. if9. Some of the students are nearsighted _______ they spend too much time watching TV orplaying online games.A. whenB. thoughC. becauseD. unless10. —Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the People’s Park?—Walk along this road and turn right, and the park is on your right. You _______miss it.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. won’t11. Our foreign teacher Mr Green ________ us English since three years ago.A. has taughtB. is teachingC. taughtD. teaches12. —Steve, ________do you play basketball after school?—Twice a week. It can keep me healthy.A. how farB. how soonC. how longD. how often13. Whenever I see the birds, I’ll _______ flying in the sky.A. think upB. dream ofC. work onD. pick up14. Welcome to our school, ladies and gentlemen. ________, I’d like to introduce myself.A. To be honestB. To my surpriseC. To start withD. To tell you the truth15. Which of the following signs means “No climbing”?A B C D第二节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～25各小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2012年重庆市中考英语试题含答案
重庆市2012年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题第1卷(共100分)1．听力测试。
(共30分)第一节：情景反应。
(每小题1．5分，共9分)听一遍。
根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1. A. All right. B. Good morning. C. You're welcome.2. A. See you. B. Excuse me. C. Nice to meet you.3. A. Bad luck. B. Sounds good. C. Just have a look.4. A. Well done. B. Never mind. C. Sorry, I won’t.5. A. Here you are. B. Not at all. C. Be careful6. A. Monday. B. Yesterday_. C. Every day.第二节：对话理解。
(每小题1．5分。
共9分)听一遍。
根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案．并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
7. A. A sweater. B. A shirt. C. A coat.8. A. He has a cold. B. He lost his pen. C. His bike is broken.9. A. Math. B. Chinese. C. English.10. A. On the chair. B. On the bed. C. On the desk11. A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Cloudy..12. A. Lily. B. Lucy. C. They're the same.第三节：短文理解。
(每小题1．5分。
共12分)听两遍。
根据你所听到的短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(重庆卷)word版(含答案)
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语试题卷英语试题卷共16页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5.考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、听力（共三节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15B. £9.15C. £9.18答案是B。
1.How old is the girl?A.7B.8C.102 . Where does the conversation most probably take place ?A In a bankB In a storeC In a library.3. How will the two spekers travel ?A By busB By carC By train4. What are the two speakers talking about ?A Their workB Their managerC Their meeting5. What is the woman’s problem ?A She is thirsyB She is sickC She is tired第二节（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）请听下面4端对话或独白。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(重庆卷)
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(重庆卷)英语一、听力(共三节,满分30分)做题时,请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。
1.How old is the girl?A.7.B.8.C.10.2.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a bank.B.In a store.C.In a library.3.How will the two speakers travel?A.By bus.B.By car.C.By train.4.What are the two speakers talking about?A.Their work.B.Their manager.C.Their meeting.5.What is the woman’s problem?A.She is thirsty.B.She is sick.C.She is tired.第二节(共12小题;每小题1.5分,满分18分)请听下面4段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
请听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
6.Which TV program does the woman like best?A.Sports program.B.Morning news.C.Talk show.7.How much time does the woman spend watching TV every day?A.About half an hour.B.About two hours.C.About four hours.8.What is the conversation mainly about?A.Types of TV programs.B.Popular TV shows. watching habits.请听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。
2012年中考英语试题及答案word版
2012年中考英语试题及答案word版一、听力部分（共20分）1. 听下面对话，选择正确答案。
A. 去图书馆B. 去电影院C. 去公园正确答案：A2. 听下面对话，选择正确答案。
A. 买书B. 买票C. 买花正确答案：B（注：听力部分共10题，每题2分，此处仅展示前两题）二、单项选择题（共20分）1. What ________ you do last weekend?A. didB. doC. does正确答案：A2. She ________ to school on foot every day.A. goB. goesC. went正确答案：B（注：单项选择题共10题，每题2分，此处仅展示前两题）三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的选项中选择正确答案。
In the past, people often used to write letters to keep in touch with each other. Nowadays, with the development of technology, we have many other ways to communicate, such as emails and social media.1. People used to write letters to ________ with each other.A. talkB. speakC. communicate正确答案：C2. Nowadays, we have many other ways to ________.A. talkB. speakC. communicate正确答案：C（注：完形填空共10题，每题2分，此处仅展示前两题）四、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的选项中选择正确答案。
Passage 1Many people believe that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It provides us with the energy we need to start our day. Skipping breakfast can lead to low energy levels andpoor concentration.1. Why is breakfast important?A. It helps us sleep better.B. It gives us energy.C. It makes us happier.正确答案：B2. What can happen if we skip breakfast?A. We feel more energetic.B. We have low energy levels.C. We become more focused.正确答案：B（注：阅读理解共4篇短文，每篇短文后有2题，每题2分，此处仅展示Passage 1的前两题）五、书面表达（共20分）请根据以下提示，写一篇不少于80词的短文。
【推荐下载】2012重庆中考英语真题及答案
2012重庆中考英语真题及答案
重庆市
英语试题
第1卷(共100分)
听力略。
Ⅱ、单项选择。(每小题1分，共20分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应
题目的答案标号涂黑。
21.LinisgoodbasketballplayerintheNBA.
1
[键入文字]
--Oh!It'soneoffilmsI'veeverseen.
A.interestingB.moreinteresting
6
[键入文字]
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting
40.--IamgoingtoLondontowatchtheSummerOlympicGamesnextmonth.
--!
A.HaveagoodtimeB.It'sterrible
C.GoodjobD.Whatapity
Ⅱ．完形填空。(每小题2分，共20分)
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答
案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Areyounervouswhenyoustandinfrontofthepublic?Areyouafraidtomakeaspeech?
33.Chinesebymoreandmorepeoplefromallovertheworldtoday.
4
[键入文字]
A.learnB.learnedC.islearnedD.waslearned
34.Hello,mayIspeaktoSandy?.
2012年重庆市中考英语试卷-答案
重庆市2012年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语答案解析第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.听力测试第一节：情景反应1.【答案】B2.【答案】C3.【答案】B4.【答案】C5.【答案】A6.【答案】C第二节：对话理解7.【答案】B8.【答案】A9.【答案】C10.【答案】A11.【答案】C12.【答案】B第三节：短文理解13.【答案】A14.【答案】B15.【答案】A16.【答案】C17.【答案】B18.【答案】A19.【答案】C20.【答案】BⅡ.单项选择21.【答案】A【解析】根据is与good basketball player可知此处表示单数，表示一个，用a或an，根据good的首字母的发音音素是辅音，可知用A。
【提示】句意：Lin是NBA中一个好的篮球运动员。
【考点】不定冠词22.【答案】C【解析】根据help可知此处的人称代词做help的宾语，应该用宾格形式。
we主格；our形容词性物主代词；us宾格；ours名词性物主代词。
【提示】句意：多读书帮助我们学的更好。
【考点】人称代词23.【答案】B【解析】根据June 10th, 1997可知时间是具体到了某一天。
in+年、月、季节等；on+具体到某一天；at+时间点；for+时间段。
【提示】句意：我的朋友Henry出生于1997年6月10日。
【考点】时间介词24.【答案】C【解析】根据She likes volleyball best.可知回答的是球类运动。
food食物；color颜色；sport运动；movie电影。
【提示】句意：Bill，你妹妹最喜欢的运动是什么？她最喜欢排球。
【考点】名词的词义辨析25.【答案】D【解析】once意思是“一旦”引导时间状语从句；while意思是“与…同时”引导时间状语从句；since意思是“自从…以来”引导时间状语从句；until意思是“直到…才”经常和not连用，构成短语：not…until…意思是“直到…才…”引导时间状语从句。