语言学导论部分考研真题
语言学考研试题及答案
语言学考研试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 语言学的主要研究对象是（）。
A. 语言B. 文字C. 文学D. 历史答案：A2. 以下哪项不属于语音学的研究范畴？（）A. 音位B. 音标C. 语调D. 语法答案：D3. 转换生成语法是由哪位语言学家提出的？（）A. 索绪尔B. 布隆菲尔德C. 乔姆斯基D. 萨丕尔答案：C4. 以下哪个选项是社会语言学研究的内容？（）A. 语言的起源B. 语言的演变C. 语言的变异D. 语言的规则答案：C5. 语言接触导致的语言变化称为（）。
A. 语言演变B. 语言借用C. 语言混合D. 语言分化答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 语言学的三个基本分支是语音学、______和句法学。
答案：语法学2. 语言的最小意义单位是______。
答案：语素3. 一种语言的音位系统称为该语言的______。
答案：音系4. 语言的规则性体现在______。
答案：语法5. 语言的交际功能包括表达、______和指示。
答案：指称三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述语言的任意性原则。
答案：语言的任意性原则指的是语言符号的音义结合是任意的，即语言符号的音与义之间没有自然的、必然的联系，而是由社会约定俗成的。
2. 描述语言的双重性。
答案：语言的双重性指的是语言既有形式又有内容。
形式指的是语言的音位、词汇、句法等结构；内容指的是语言所表达的意义和信息。
四、论述题（每题20分，共40分）1. 论述语言的交际功能。
答案：语言的交际功能是指语言在人际交流中的作用，主要包括以下几个方面：表达功能，即通过语言来表达个人的思想、情感和意愿；指称功能，即通过语言来指称或描述客观世界的事物和现象；社交功能，即通过语言进行社会交往，建立和维护人际关系；思维功能，即通过语言进行思考和认识世界。
2. 论述语言的演变过程。
答案：语言的演变过程是一个复杂且漫长的历史过程，包括语音、词汇、语法等方面的变化。
语言学导论部分考研真题
部分考研真题汇总（语言学导论部分）北京外国语大学I． Explain the following terms.1. langue (2010)II. Answer the following questions.1.How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguistic system? (2010)提示：Both the traffic light system and human linguistic system belong to the language system. Both can convey information to human beings. The key difference lies in duality. Linguists refer “duality”(of structure) to the fact that in all languages so far investigated, one finds two levels of structure or patterning. At the first, higher level, language is analyzed in terms of combination of meaningful units (such as morphemes, words, etc). At the second, lower level, it is seen as a sequence of segments which lack any meaning in themselves, but which combine to form units of meaning. With duality, our language is endowed with the great productive power.The traffic light system does not have duality, because its primary level does not have independent units which can be united freely into meaningful secondary units. One form corresponds to one meaning. That is, the red light means to stop; the green one means to pass; the yellow one means to pause for pass or stop. The traffic light system is more like animal communicative system rather than human language.北京第二外国语大学I．Complete each of the following statements.1. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of wordsis called________.（2004）2. An approach in linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is __________.（2004，2008）3. When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintainingsocial contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is ____ function. （2005， 2008，2010）4. In Saussure’s views, the relationship between signifier (sound image) and signified (concept) is _______.（2005）5. By ____ is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. （2005）6. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the _____level are composed of elements of the ____level and each of the two levels has its own principles oforganization. （2006）7. According to Chomsky, the object of investigation in linguistics is the ideal speaker’s _______ rather than his performance. （2006）8. In ____ linguistics, languages are studied at a theoretical point in time: one describes a state of the language, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place. （2006）9. The features that define our human languages can be called ____ features. （2006）10. Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as _____.（2007， 2009）11. Semantics and _____ investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. （2007）12. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ____ and performance. （2007）13. The ____ is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. （2008）14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called ______.（2008， 2010）15. Both semantics and _____ investigate linguistic meaning, but they focus on different aspect. (2009)16. If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all, it is _____ linguists. (2009)II. Tell if each of the following statements is true or false.1.The most important sociological use of language is the recreationalfunction, by which people establish and maintain their status in society. （2005）2.“Competence” and “performance” are two distinctive terms proposed bySaussure. （2005）3.The description of a language at some point in time is called diachronicstudy. （2005, 2007）4.The distinction between “langue”and “parole”was proposed by Chomsky.（2010）III．Complete each of the following statements using one of the given choices.1.The actual production and comprehension of the speech by speaker ofa language is called_______.（2010）a. grammar rulesb. competencec. performanced. languagedevice2.The study of language at one point in time is a ____ study. （2010）a. historicalb. synchronicc. descriptived. diachronic IV. Answer the questions briefly.1.Why is it difficult to define language? （2004）2.How do you understand “displacement”, a design feature of language?（2004）3.How do you understand “duality”, a design feature of language? （2010）4.How do you understand the performative function of language? （2009,2010）5.How do you understand the distinction between langue and paroleintroduced by Saussure?(2009)6.How do you understand arbitrariness? (2009)V. Write a short essay in about 100 words according to each of the following questions.1.How do you understand the dichotomy between competence and performancepostulated by Chomsky? （2008）2.What is phonology? And what is a phoneme? （2008）3.How well, in your opinion, does the word “communication”represent thefunction of human language? （2008）4.How do you understand “discreteness”, a design feature of language?（2008）提示：Charles Francis Hockett was an American linguistic theorist who developed many influential ideas of American structuralism. He (1966) isolated 13 design features that characterize human language and which distinguish it from other communication systems. Discreteness is one of them. It means that the basic units of speech (such as sounds) can be categorized as belonging to distinct categories. There is no gradual, continuous shading from one sound to another in the linguistics system, although there may be a continuum in the real physical world. Thus speakers will receive a sound as either a [p] or a [b], but not as blend, even if physically it falls somewhere between the two sounds. In other word, phonemes can be placed in distinct categories which differentiate them from one another, such as the distinct sound of [p] versus [b].首都师范大学I. Match the terms with their definitions.1. prescriptive study of language g. approach that aims at laying down rules (2010)北京航空航天大学I. Answer the following questions.1. What makes language unique to human beings? (2010)大连海事大学I．Choose the correct answer.1. _____ refers to the fact that languages are organized in terms of two levels. (2004)A. DualityB. DisplacementC. ProductivityD. Arbitrariness2. N. Chomsky defines ____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and _____ the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. (2004)A. langue, paroleB. competence, performanceC. grammar, speechD. language, writing3. _____ is different from semantics in that it studies the use of language in communication, particularly between sentences and the context and situation in which they are used. (2004)A. PragmaticsB. SemanticsC. GrammarD. functional4. What is morphology? (2005)A. The study of the rules governing the sounds that form words.B. The study of the rules governing sentence formation.C. The study of the rules governing word formation.D. The study of the rules of grammatical units of a language.II. Explain each of the following pairs of terms with examples if necessary.1. prescriptive and descriptive grammar (2005)III. Short answers to the following questions.1. What prescriptive rules for the “proper”use of English are not obeyed in the following sentences? (2005)(a) That’s the girl I gave my roller skates to.(b) He wanted to simply borrow your car for an hour.IV. Essay questions.1.Develop the following topic into a 200-300 word essay: The differencebetween the prescriptive approach and the descriptive approach and the significance in language learning. (2005)2.Write an essay on the unique properties of human language in about 250words, discussing in what ways these features are restricted to human language and unlikely to be found in animal communication systems.(2008)V. Mark the following statements with T if it is true or F if it is false.1. Different from pragmatics, semantics deals with meaning without reference to the users and communicative functions of sentences. (2008) VI. Match each term in Column A with its definition in Column B. (2009) Column A1.phatic communionColumn BA. the use of speech to maintain social relations, e. g. Pleased tomeet you.VII. Explain the following terms.1.Sociolinguistics(2009)河南大学I. Lexicology.1.Explain the following terms.Phoneme (2009)郑州大学I. Define the following terms.1. linguistic competence (2006)2. morpheme (2005)3. phatic function (2006)II. Answer the following questions.1.What are the seven basic functions of human language? Describe themand give brief explanation for each of them. (2006)2.Wardhauge (1977) defines language as “a system of arbitrary vocalsymbols used for human communication.”Please elaborate this definition. (2005)3.What are the similarities and differences between Saussure’sdistinction of “Langue vs. Parole”and Chomsky’s distinction of “Competence vs. Performance”? (2005)III. True or False questions. If a certain statement is false, please state the reason very briefly.1.In the history of any language the writing system always came into beingbefore the spoken form. (2005)2.Linguistics is the course of language. (2006)3.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study. (2006)4.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph. (2006)5.Semantics is the main part of linguistics. (2006)IV. Complete each statement with the best choice out of the four options.1.The term ____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to theapproach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. (2006)A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historicalcomparative2. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct”linguistic behavior, it is said to be ____. (2006)A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticsC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic3. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the wayspeakers interpret sentences is called _____. (2006)A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics北京师范大学I. Define the following terms.1. langue (2004)2. parole (2004)II. Try to discuss as many as possible the design features of human language. (2004)III. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms.1.synchronic and diachronic studies of language (2005)IV. What are the design features of language? Please explain them with examples. (2005)北京外国语大学I. Explain the following terms briefly.1. morpheme (2004)2. langue (2010)3. phoneme (2010)II. Answer the following questions.1.Who proposed the distinction between competence and performance? Whatis the significance of this distinction in linguistic studies? (2004) 2.How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguisticsystem? (2010)大连外国语学院I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true and F if they are false.1. Parole is the actual use of speaking by the members of a community. (2004)2. Parole is the actual phenomena or data of utterances. (2003)3. Linguistics is generally defined as a scientific study of a particular language. (2003)4. Synchronic linguistics refers to approach which studies language over various periods of time and at various historical stages. (2003)5. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative. (2004)6. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. (2004)7. The metalingual function of language enables human beings to talk about the language itself. (2004)II. Fill in the following blanks.1.One of the design features termed as _____ means that human languagesenable their users to symbolize objects, events, and concepts which are present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. (2003) 2.It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at least fiveparameters, namely, phonologic, ______, syntactic, semantic, and ______. (2003)3.The basic functions of language are: informative, _____, ______,______, phatic, recreational and metalingual. (2003)III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.1.______ means language can be used to refer to contexts removed fromthe immediate situations of the speaker. (2003)A. DualityB. AssimilationC. DisplacementD. Context IV. Answer the following questions.1. Why is competence and performance an important distinction in linguistics? (2003)武汉大学I. Explain and exemplify the following terms.1. duality (2007)II. Briefly answer the following questions.1.What are linguistic competence and communicative competence? (2007)厦门大学1.What are the differences between prescriptivism and descriptivism inlinguistic study? (2007)提示：The distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and describing how things are. A linguistics study is descriptive if it describes and analyzes facts observed; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for “correct”behaviors. The former is about what language is like and the latter is about what language should be like.To say that linguistics is a descriptive science is to say that the linguist tries to discover and record the rules to which the members of language community actually conform and do not seek to impose upon them other rules, or norms, of correctness, which are in the scope of prescriptive linguistics.2.Please use examples to illustrate the functions of language. (2007)四川大学I. State in one sentence for each term, what you understand about the following terms.1. productivity (design feature of language) (2007)2. phatic function of language(2007)3. descriptive study of linguistics (2007)II. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each.1.How is the relation between sound and meaning classified? (2007)提示：Sound and meaning are in fact related arbitrarily. That is to say, there is actually no natural relationship between a linguistic sign and its meaning.But language is not absolutely arbitrary, the relation between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.Duality means the language’s property of having two levels of structures: the system of sounds, which is the meaningless level of the language system, and the system of meanings.The sound system of a language contains a limited number of meaningless discrete sound segments that can be used again and again in various combinations to form units of meaning. The meaning system allows the meaningful units to be arranged in an infinite number of ways according to both syntactic and semantic rules to express meanings.Welcome !!! 欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。
《语言学导论》(练习题及答案)
《语言学导论》(练习题及答案)语言学导论练题及答案1. 什么是语言学？语言学是研究语言的科学。
它涉及语言的结构、演化、语音、语法、语义、语用等方面的研究。
2. 语言学的主要分支有哪些？- 语音学：研究语音的产生、传播和感知。
- 语法学：研究语言的规则和结构。
- 语义学：研究语言意义的构成和理解。
- 语用学：研究语言在特定情境下的使用和交际功能。
- 社会语言学：研究语言与社会的关系。
3. 什么是语言的结构？语言的结构是指语言中各个层次（如语音、词汇、句子等）的组织方式和规则。
4. 语音学研究的是什么？语音学研究语音的产生、传播和感知。
它关注语音的音素、音位、音节以及音系等方面。
5. 语法学研究的是什么？语法学研究语言的规则和结构。
它涉及句子的构成和分析，包括词类、短语、句法关系等。
6. 语义学研究的是什么？语义学研究语言意义的构成和理解。
它关注词汇、句子和篇章层面的语义关系和意义表达。
7. 语用学研究的是什么？语用学研究语言在特定情境下的使用和交际功能。
它关注言语行为、话语策略和交际意图等。
8. 社会语言学研究的是什么？社会语言学研究语言与社会的关系。
它探讨语言在不同社会群体中的变化、语言的地位和使用情境等。
9. 语言学在日常生活中的应用有哪些？- 语言教育：帮助人们研究和教授语言。
- 语音技术：开发语音识别和合成等技术。
- 翻译和口译：促进不同语言之间的交流和理解。
- 语言规范：制定语法规则、文字标准等。
- 语义分析：帮助机器理解和处理自然语言。
10. 语言学为理解人类语言能力提供了哪些洞见？语言学研究揭示了语言是人类认知和交流的基本工具，提供了对语言产生、理解、学习和变化的深入认识。
语言导论试题及答案解析
语言导论试题及答案解析一、选择题1. 语言的基本功能是什么？A. 交流思想B. 表达情感C. 记录历史D. 以上都是答案：D2. 下列哪一项不是语言的属性？A. 任意性B. 创造性C. 稳定性D. 可变性答案：C3. 语言学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语言结构B. 语言使用C. 语言发展D. 所有以上答案：D二、填空题4. 语言的最小意义单位是________。
答案：语素5. 语言的音位系统是由________构成的。
答案：音位6. 语言的语法规则包括词法规则和________。
答案：句法规则三、简答题7. 请简述语言的任意性特征。
答案：语言的任意性是指语言符号与其所代表的对象之间没有必然的、自然的联系，而是一种社会约定俗成的关系。
8. 什么是语境对语言理解的影响？答案：语境是指语言交流发生的社会环境和上下文环境。
语境对语言理解的影响体现在它能够提供额外的信息，帮助听者或读者更准确地理解说话者的意图和话语的含义。
四、论述题9. 论述语言与文化的关系。
答案：语言与文化是相互依存、相互影响的。
一方面，语言是文化的载体，通过语言可以传承和表达文化；另一方面，文化也影响语言的发展和使用，不同的文化背景会产生不同的语言习惯和表达方式。
10. 请分析现代科技对语言发展的影响。
答案：现代科技对语言发展有着深远的影响。
首先，科技的发展促进了语言的传播和交流，如互联网使得语言信息传播速度加快，范围扩大。
其次，科技改变了语言的使用方式，例如语音识别和机器翻译技术的发展，使得语言处理更加高效。
最后，科技还催生了新的语言形式和表达方式，如网络语言和数字媒体语言的出现。
五、案例分析题11. 阅读以下对话，分析其中的语言现象。
- A: “你今天看起来很高兴。
”- B: “是的，我通过了驾照考试。
”答案：这段对话中体现了几个语言现象。
首先是礼貌原则，A通过赞美B来开启对话；其次是话题转换，B通过回答A的问题并提供额外信息来转换话题；最后是语境的利用，B的回答提供了他高兴的原因，这有助于A更好地理解B的情绪状态。
胡壮麟《语言学教程》(第5版)笔记和考研真题详解
胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题详解目录第1章语言学导论1.1复习笔记1.2考研真题与典型题详解第2章语音2.1复习笔记2.2考研真题与典型题详解第3章词和形态学3.1复习笔记3.2考研真题与典型题详解第4章句法：从语词到篇章4.1复习笔记4.2考研真题与典型题详解第5章意义5.1复习笔记5.2考研真题与典型题详解第6章语言与认知6.1复习笔记6.2考研真题与典型题详解第7章语言文化社会7.1复习笔记7.2考研真题与典型题详解第8章语言的使用8.1复习笔记8.2考研真题与典型题详解第9章语言与文学9.1复习笔记9.2考研真题与典型题详解第10章语言和计算机10.1复习笔记10.2考研真题与典型题详解第11章第二语言和外语教学11.1复习笔记11.2考研真题与典型题详解第12章现代语言学理论与流派12.1复习笔记12.2考研真题与典型题详解内容简介作为《语言学教程》（第5版）（胡壮麟主编，北京大学出版社）的学习辅导书，全书完全遵循该教材的章目编排，共分12章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。
本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。
每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。
2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。
本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。
3．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。
本书精选名校考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。
所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。
另外，在笔记部分，对于在《语言学教程》第三版或第四版提到而第五版删减的知识点我们也予以保留，并用“＊”标明，部分院校考研真题依旧会涉及这些知识点的考查。
语言学理论试题及答案
语言学理论试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的主要研究对象是什么？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的使用D. 语言的演变答案：B2. 下列哪项不是索绪尔提出的语言学基本概念？A. 语言符号B. 语言系统C. 语言功能D. 语言的任意性答案：C3. 乔姆斯基的生成语法理论主张语言能力是：A. 后天习得的B. 先天存在的C. 社会约定的D. 个人创造的答案：B4. 语言的“深层结构”和“表层结构”的概念是由谁提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 哈里斯答案：B5. 语言的“同义异构”现象是指：A. 同一意义的不同表达方式B. 不同意义的相同表达方式C. 同一表达方式的不同意义D. 不同表达方式的相同意义答案：A6. 语言的“语境”指的是：A. 语言的内部结构B. 语言的外部环境C. 语言的使用者D. 语言的规则答案：B7. 语言的“语域”通常指的是：A. 语言的地域分布B. 语言的交际场合C. 语言的历史发展D. 语言的语法规则答案：B8. 语言的“语用学”研究的是：A. 语言的发音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的用法D. 语言的演变答案：C9. 语言的“语料库”是指：A. 语言的数据库B. 语言的规则集C. 语言的样本集D. 语言的词汇表答案：C10. 语言的“方言”是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言的相似形式C. 同一语言的相同形式D. 不同语言的相同变体答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的四大分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学和______。
答案：语用学2. 语言的“能指”指的是语言符号的______部分，而“所指”指的是语言符号的______部分。
答案：形式；意义3. 语言的“同音词”是指发音相同但______不同的词。
答案：意义4. 语言的“词缀”是指可以附加在词根上的______或______。
答案：前缀；后缀5. 语言的“句法”研究的是词、短语和句子的______。
英语专业考研语言学试题
英语专业考研语言学试题 11. Peter ________come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.A. mustB. canC. mayD. will2. — Could you borrow your dictionary?— Yes, of course you ________.A. mightB. willC. canD. should3. A computer ________think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. may notD. might not4. I didn’t hear the phone, I ________asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been5. There was plenty of time, she ________.A. mustn’t have hurriedB. couldn’t have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn’t have hurried6. The plant is dead. I ________it more water.A. will giveB. would have givenC. must giveD. should have given7. Very loud noises ________make people ill, hurt their ears, or even drive them mad.A. mustB. needC. canD. should8. He asked me for the dictionary many times; please tell him that he________have it tomorrow.A. mustB. needC. mayD. dare9. — Why is she still standing there?— She ________be waiting for her boyfriend.A. canB. mustC. dareD. need10. Two eyes________ see more than one.A. canB. mustC. mightD. shall11. What ________he mean? ________you tell me?A. can; MayB. can; CanC. may; MayD. must; Should12. How ________he say that his teacher was unfair?A. mustB. mightC. couldD. need13. It ________be very cold in this part.A. canB. oughtC. shallD. dare14. I’d like to ask a question if I ________.A. mustB. willC. mayD. might15. Even in summer the temperature ________suddenly drop below freezing.A. mightB. oughtC. mustD. need16. He decided to join the army so that he ________defend the country.A. may helpB. might helpC. helpsD. helped17. You ________always be talking like that.A. mightn’tB. mayn’tC. can’tD. mustn’t18. The car ________have broke down just when we were about to start off.A. mustB. couldC. mightD. should19. You ________see him while he is in hospital.A. have betterB. had betterC. would ratherD. had to20. There is a fine sunset; it ________to be a fine day tomorrow.A. oughtB. shouldC. has toD. has better21. You are his father, you ________take care of him.A. mightB. oughtC. ought toD. are able to22. That’s all. It ________be talked about any more.A. needn’tB. mightn’tC. darn’t toD. needn’t to23. The question ________discussing.A. needsB. needC. can beD. must be24. He ________even look out of the window.A. daren’tB. daresn’tC. dared not toD. dares not25. I’m so hungry that I ________find something to eat.A. have toB. wouldC. mayD. can26. All the students ________do their best for the modernization of our country.A. canB. shouldC. mayD. might27. You ________be careful with your homework.A. mustB. have toC. mayD. are used to28. It is getting darker. You ________not go home.A. had betterB. have betterC. would ratherD. would like29. I ________what happened to our school.A. would like knowB. would like to knowC. would like knowingD. would like that I know30. — Would you mind my changing the plan?— ________.A. Oh, no, pleaseB. Yes, I mind notC. No, I wouldD. Yes, I will31. — It ________ be Jack who is in the library.—I’m sure it ________be him, I saw him off at the railway station just two days ago.A. can’t; can’t eB. must; mustn’tC. must; can’tD. can’t; mustn’t32. I ________tell her the truth about his marriage.A. can’t helpB. can’t butC. may not helpD. mustn’t but33. Since she is angry, we ________.A. had better to leave her alongB. should leave her aloneC. would rather to leave her aloneD. must leave her alone34. Look! What you’ve done to me. You ________more careful.A. maybeB. had toC. should have beenD. would be35. ________read the letter for you?A. Would you like meB. Do you want meC. Will you mind meD. Shall I36. He promised he ________not make such silly mistakes.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could37. ________it be true that his father will go abroad?A. CanB. MayC. NeedD. Should38. Those streams are so small that they ________be shown in the maps.A. mustn’tB. may notC. can’tD. may39. — May I use your bike?— ________.A. No, you may notB. No, you mustn’tC. No, you won’tD. Sorry, I’m afraid not40. — Must I write to her?— No, you ________.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. don’t have to41. — Need I start tonight?— Yes, you ________.A. doB. needC. mustD. may42. The old man ________sit for hours watching the ships.A. wouldB. shouldC. was used toD. would rather to43. If the telephone ________ring, please wake me up.A. wouldB. shouldC. willD. might44. I wish they ________stop making remarks about me.A. wouldB. willC. shouldD. shall45. You’re thirsty, aren’t you? ________he get some coffee?A. DoesB. ShallC. WouldD. Let46. Which of the following is wrong?A. That may be true.B. That might be true.C. That can be true.D. That could be true.47. — Would you lend me some money?— Yes, I ________.A. wouldB. willC. canD. may48. He ________ swimming when he was young.A. was used to goB. got used to goC. used to goingD. used to go49. You say you ________ not do it, but I say you ________do it.A. will; shallB. shall; shallC. shall; willD. will; will50. You ________out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold.A. should have goneB. shouldn’t have goneC. could not have goneD. might have gone51. He ________the 8:30 train because he didn’t leave home until 9:00.A. can’t catchB. couldn’t catchC. may notD. can’t have caught52. You ________us this because we had more than enough.A. needn’t bringB. needn’t have broughtC. mustn’t bringD. couldn’t have brought53. — He learnt the language in three months.— He ________very hard.A. must workB. might have workedC. must have workedD. might work54. — Who told you my telephone number?—I don’t remember. It ________Mary.—It can’t be Mary, she doesn’t know it.A. may have beenB. can have beenC. must beD. can be55. You ________him, why didn’t you?A. ought to thankB. ought have thankedC. ought to have thankedD. ought thank56. I ________have arrived a little earlier, but my car broke down.A. shouldB. couldC. canD. can’t57. — ________we go out for a walk?—Great. Let’s goA. ShallB. WillC. MayD. Should58. Though she was seriously ill, she ________ complete the work in time.A. wouldB. was able toC. was possible toD. might59. — Would you like to play chess with me?— Yes, ________.A. I’dB. I wouldC. I’d likeD. I’d like to60. Tom is late. He ________the wrong bus.A. must takeB. must have takenC. might takeD. could take英语专业考研语言学试题 21. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________the first computer.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having invented2. Little Jim should love ________to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking3. — I usually go there by train.— Why not ________by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going4. John was made ________the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing5. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest6. She pretended________ me when I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen7. Though he had often made his sister ________, today he was made________by his sister.A. cry; to cryB. crying; cryingC. cry; cryingD. to cry; cry8. Tell him ________the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. don’t’ shut9. ________her sick to think of the matter.A. That madeB. That causedC. It madeD. It caused10. The woman’s job is ________after the disable children.A. lookB. looksC. lookedD. to look11. She ________to ________everything.A. demanded; tellB. demanded; be toldC. required; tellD. required; be told12. It’s time ________our league meeting.A. to beginB. beginningC. that we beginD. that we’ll begin13. That day I was the last one ________the experiment.A. madeB. makingC. to makeD. having made14. I’m hungry. Get me something ________.A. to be eatenB. to eatC. eatingD. to be eating15. Would you ________me to show you around the place?A. letB. likeC. mindD. care16. She is said ________the necklace.A. that she lostB. that she has lostC. to loseD. to have lost17. What do you think is the best way ________the problem?A. to settlingB. in which settlingC. to settleD. settling18. You are ________retell the story.A. oughtB. ought toC. expectingD. expected to19. I didn’t want the problem ________again.A. to raiseB. to be raisedC. being raisedD. be raised20. Have you had the nurse ________your son’s temperature?A. to takeB. takingC. takeD. taken21. First we should find a hotel ________for the night.A. to put up at itB. in order to put up atC. at where to put upD. at which to put up22. ________wake me up when you come in.A. You’d better not toB. You’d better notC. You hadn’t better toD. You hadn’t better23. I don’t think you need ________ today.A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. leavingD. being left24. We have been looking for the girl all the morning, but she is no where________.A. to seeB. to be seenC. being seenD. seen25. He should ________for what he has done.A. praiseB. be praisedC. have praisedD. to be praised26. He felt a stone ________his back.A. hittingB. to hitC. hittedD. hit27. I hurried to school, only ________out it was Sunday.A. findB. to findC. foundD. would find28. Here are some exercises that need________ after class.A. doneB. to be doneC. being doneD. to do29. I’ve been waiting for half an hour ________me the phone call.A. to giveB. for you givingC. of you to giveD. for you to give30. Everything ________smoothly.A. seems goingB. seems to be goingC. is seeming to goD. is seeming to be going31. It was thoughtful ________us the map of the city.A. of you to sendB. for you to sendC. of you sendingD. for you sending32. You are fortunate ________as a member of the club.A. being acceptedB. to acceptC. To have acceptedD. to have been accepted33. ________wasn’t pleasant ________up so early.A. He; to wakeB. He; to be wakenC. It; of him to wakeD. It; to be woken34. I find these problems are easy________.A. to work outB. to be worked outC. in working outD. to be worked them out35. How rude ________him ________a child like that.A. of; to treatB. for; to treatC. of; is to treatD. for; is to treat36. It was stupid ________him ________attend the lecture.A. of; to notB. of; not toC. for; to notD. for; not to37. It was impossible ________lost time to ________.A. for; make upB. of; make upC. for; be made upD. of; be made up38. The shoes are too large ________.A. to me to wearB. for me to wearC. to me to be wornD. for me to be worn39. ________was sorry________ made such a silly mistake.A. It; to haveB. It; havingC. I ; to haveD. I; having40. I’ll be delighted ________.A. when I’ll see you againB. to see you againC. that I see you againD. to have seen you again41. He was ________tired ________any further.A. too; walkingB. too; to walkC. so; walkingD. so; to walk42. Will you be ________kind ________make tea for me?A. so; toB. fairly; toC. so; as toD. fairly; as to43. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ________.A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on44. I ________how to answer the question.A. puzzleB. am puzzlingC. have puzzledD. am puzzled45. Have you decided ________the party?A. whether you holdB. why to holdC. whether to holdD. if to hold46. He doesn’t know ________to stay or not.A. ifB. eitherC. neitherD. whether he ought47. Last summer I took a course on ________.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made48. He hesitated ________ the medicine.A. takingB. about to takeC. whether he takeD. whether to take49. How do the birds know exactly ________ direction ________?A. which, flyingB. which; to fly toC. in which; to flyD. X; flying to50. —I don’t know ________with the problem.— Why not ________your teacher for advise?A. what to do; to askB. how to do; to askC. what to do; askD. how to do; ask51. I think he should get a job, but you can’t force him ________ if he’s not ready ________.A. to get; toB. to get; XC. to; X D; to; to do52. — Would you like to go to the ball?— Yes, ________.A. I’dB. I’d likeC. I’d like toD. I’d like to go53. —Aren’t you in charge of this?— No, and I ________.A. don’t wantB. don’t want toC. don’t want to be D am not54. ________the truth, I don’t want to go.A. To tellB. TellC. TellingD. In order to tell55. I’d rather read something at home than ________to the park in such weather.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went56. We could do nothing but ________Father for help.A. askB. askingC. to askD. asked57. He wanted nothing but ________in the corner.A. seatB. be seatedC. be seatD. to be seated58. It ________about two years________ such a big dam.A. takes; in buildingB. takes; to buildC. needs; in buildingD. needs; to build59. How much did ________cost ________the house?A. it; in rebuildingB. he; in rebuildingC. it; to rebuildD. he; to rebuild60. ________requires patience ________a good nurse.A. She; to beB. she; if she isC. It; to beD. It; if she is。
语言学考研真题大全(共13套)
中文系语言学概论2002年2002年科目429 语言学概论专业：语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学研究方向：以上专业所有方向一、简答题（每小题2分，共20分）1、简述现代汉语书面语和口头语的源头2、闽方言包括哪几个次方言？各以哪个地方的语音为代表？3、说明汉语音节的结构地点4、汉语拼音方案有哪些优点？5、简要说明调值和调类的关系6、-i[前]、-i[后]、ong、iong等韵母分别属于四呼中的哪一呼？7、词汇学中的义位和传统所说的义项有什么不同？8、说明谚语被认为是词汇的一部分的原因9、什么是独立语？简要说明独立语的类型10、举例说明主谓句的主要句型二、应用题（共56分）1、为下列词语注上汉语拼音（6分）创伤粗犷呆板解剖皈依桎梏2、下列成语中的汉字有正确的有错误的，把错误的改为正确（6分）负隅顽抗陈词烂调班门弄斧既往不究刚愎自用不孝子孙病入膏肓风声鹤唳一愁莫展各行其事悬梁刺骨趋之若鹜3、解释下列成语中划线的语素的意义（4分）汗流浃背开门揖盗如火如荼高屋建瓴4、分析下列合成词的结构（6分）容貌弃儿宪法梦想灰心霜降融化船只铅印瀑布响应权衡5、改正下列句中的错误（2分）江西名城南昌，毗邻巍峨的江西省人民政府办公大厦，有一座很不显眼的三层小楼，这就是江西省高级人民法院。
6、用直接成分分析法（框式图解）分析下列复杂词组（每小组3分，共六分）（1）这后一句话给祥林嫂很大的鼓励（2）屋里有人轻轻地哼着小调7、用六大成分分析法（加线法）分析下列单句（每小题3分，共6分）（1）我们往往容易把赢得荣誉的人的衣服的每一个皱折，都描绘得光彩夺目。
（2）把博物馆比作智慧的女神、博学的君子，我看很恰当。
8、用符号法分析下列复句（4分）如果你是一个真正的艺术家，那么无论是站在演出的舞台上，还是站在生活的大舞台上，你都会真正赢得人民的掌声。
9、指出下列句中用得好的词语并分析其修辞效果（每小题4分，共八分）（1）七斤嫂眼睛好，早望见今天的赵七爷已经不是道士，却变成光滑头皮，乌黑发顶；伊便知道这一定是皇帝坐了龙庭，而且一定需有辫子，而且七斤一定是非常危险。