音标

-plosives（爆破音） /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
/p/ /b/
例词：
pig pot bus bed
pound plan bench brush
双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音 例句：
A: Do you collect stamps? B: Yes, I do. A: What color is you handbag? B: It’s black.
例句：
A: Ann is traveling to Japan. B: How happy she is ! A: She is very happy.
Vowels（元音） -pure vowels（单元音）
中元音： /ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ/
/ɜ:/ /ǝ/
例词：
girl bird work turn teacher picture breakfast welcome
辅音
舌边音: /l/ 半元音:/w/, /j/
Vowels（元音）
-pure vowels（单元音）
前元音： /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/
/i:/ /i/
例词：
he
pin
sea
ship
tree
hill
field
chicks
牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一根火柴 舌位：舌部及下颚肌肉紧张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起 唇形：上下唇微开，口型扁平 小提示：嘴角尽量往两边拉，像微笑的样子，所以说英语国家的人拍照喜欢 说“cheese”
• 例句：
A: It’s a fine day today. The sun is shining brightly. B: Yes, I feel hot. I like an ice-cream now. A: Yes, I do, too.
/ɔɪ/-/ɔi/
例词：
boy
boil
noise
coin
舌尖轻抵上齿背或放在上下齿之间，气流由舌齿间缝隙泻 出，形成摩擦音 例句：
由/c/向/i/滑动， 由圆唇变为扁唇，口型从开到合 发声时声带振动，/c/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短
例句：
A: Look at my toy gun. B: Oh, what a good toy! A: Shall we join our friends in the garden? B: Yes, let’s go.
Consonants（辅音）
-fricatives（摩擦音）
/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/, /r/
/f/ /v/
例词：
laugh fat fish family valley village volcano television
/ɑ:/
例词：
car
garden
star
guitar
口张大，舌舌头压低后缩，舌尖不抵下齿。 长元音，发音不要太短，长度比短元音长两倍多，发音时声带振动。就 像汉语中发“啊”一样
• 例句：
A: You look very smart today. B: Thank you. C: What a marvelous dancer you are. Let me take a photograph of you.
牙床：介于开和半开之间 舌位：舌端离下齿，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位 介于低和中 低之间，整个舌身在口腔里处于低平状态 唇形：双唇扁平 • 例句： A: He always arrives work early. B: But he wasn’t early this morning. A: what’s the time? B: it’s a quarter to seven
/ʊǝ/
例词：
tour
由/u/很快向/ǝ/滑动，
poor
jury
gourd
舌位由拱到平，口型由圆到扁 发声时声带振动，注意不要把/u/发成/u:/
例句：
A: Is your uncle still in Europe. B: I’m sorry. He moved to America
Consonants（辅音）
双元音: /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ/
爆破音: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ 磨檫音: /f/, /v/, /∫/, /3 /, /θ/, /δ/, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ , /tʃ/, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/, /ts/, /dz/ 鼻音: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/
例句： A: Would you like coffee or tea? B: Tea, please. A: Is Lily in? B: Lily is ill in bed.
/e/-/ε/
例词：
pen
head
leg
well
牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一个中指 舌位：舌尖抵下齿，舌部稍微抬起，舌位比短衣音/i/低 唇形：嘴唇向两边微分，比短衣音/i/少松开，口型扁平 发音长短：短元音，急促 小提示：发音时下巴逐渐向下移动，直至上下嘴唇张开的角度大约呈45 度，同时发出声音
/ǝʊ/-/ǝv/
例词：
coast
• 例句：
throw
boat
toe
由/ǝ/向/u/滑动， 双唇由扁平变为收圆，口型从半开到合拢 发声时声带振动，/E/音响亮清晰，较长，/u/音轻弱模糊，较短
A: Look! He has a boat. B: Is he going to row? A: I think so.
/k/ /g/
例词：
car bag
例句：
duck clock park dog goat grape
舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍，然后舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔，发出 爆破的声音
A: I like chocolate cakes. B: If you want to keep fit, don’t eat too many chocolate cakes. A: Can you play the guitar? B: Yes, I played my guitar in the garden with my friends last night
/ʌ/
例词：
cup
run
jump
flood
牙床：介于开和半开之间 舌位：舌端离下齿，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位介于低和中 低之间，整个舌身在口腔里处于低平状态 唇形：双唇扁平 短促
• 例句：
A: It’s sunny today. B: Yes, isn’t it. A: My uncle will go to London next Monday. B: How lucky he is!
Vowels（元音） -diphthongs（双元音）
/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ/
/eɪ/-/ei/
例词：
face
rain
cake
wait
口型由/e/向/i/滑动， 下颚向上合拢，舌位随之抬高 发声时声带振动，/e/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短
/eǝ/
例词：
hair
• 例句：
bare
pear
chair
由/e/很快向/E/滑动， 舌位由舌前改为舌中，口型由中常改为扁平 发声时声带振动，前重后轻前长后短
A: Where is my pen? B: It’s over there on the chair. A: Thank you. It’s really there.
下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙间通过，引起摩擦成音 例句：
A: Look at Freda! She is fashionable. B: Her hat is funny. A: Who’s driving the van? B: I think victor is.
/θ/ /ð /
例词：
tooth month thin thirsty father breathe that feather
例句：
A: How did you spend your holiday? B: I went to Beijing. A: Was it expensive? B: Yes ,very.
/æ/
例词：
apple
lantern
hand
hat
牙床：介于开和半开之间，上下齿距离能容纳食指加中指尖 舌位：舌尖轻触下齿，舌前部微微抬起，但舌位比/e/低，发音时逐渐压 低舌头和下颚，尽可能夸张 唇形：双唇向两边平伸，张开嘴，嘴唇放松 小提示：越夸张越到位，美国味越浓
/aʊ/-/av/
例词：
cow
house
mouth
trousers
由/a/向/u/滑动， 口型由大到小，舌位由低到高，双唇逐渐合圆并稍向前突出 发声时声带振动，/a/音响亮清晰，较长，/u/音轻弱模糊，较短
• 例句：
A: Is she milking the cow? B: Yes, she is. A: Is the cow in he house? B: No. She is on the dairthday today. B: Happy birthday A: Thank you. Come to my birthday party. And don’t be late.