牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit5Goodmanners单元综合测试卷
牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 5 Good manners单元综合测试卷Ⅰ. 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）( ) 16.— Would you please not speak so loudly in public?— Sorry. I will remember to speak in lower voice.A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; /( ) 17. Which of the following signs can you often see beside a lake?A. B. C. D.( ) 18. —Excuse me, sir. But you?re my way.—Sorry. I didn?t know you were passing by.A. onB. byC. withD. in ( ) 19. The of new inventions should be to make life easier, not to make it harder.A. rulesB. subjectsC. secretsD. purposes( ) 20. I have spent on this job. I think I can finish it this afternoon.A. sometime; sometimeB. sometimes; some timeC. some time; sometimeD. some times; some time ( ) 21. —Boy, didn?t you see people were waiting in line? Don?t in!— I am sorry, sir.A. pushB. pullC. putD. carry( ) 22. Jim always keeps the tap running he finishes washing his face.A. sinceB. whileC. asD. till( ) 23. — Sir, please put out your cigarette (香烟).— Sorry. I the sign.eA. don?t noticeB. didn?t noticeC. haven?t noticedD. won?t notic ( ) 24. Checking answers before handing in your paper can help you mistakes.A. makeB. provideC. avoidD. advise ( )25. You?d better repair the machine I have told you. Otherwise, you may make more problems.A. likeB. withC. asD. follow ( )26. Jack is always to wait for a long time without getting angry.A. too patientB. patient enoughC. enough patientD. very patient ( )27. I this free life on the land now although(尽管) I hate it .A. used to; used toB. used to; be used toC. am used, be used toD. am used to, used to( )28. There are many flowers and trees on _____ sides of the Century Road.A. eachB. everyC. bothD. all( )29. — Do you think the question too hard?—I don?t think so. He can answer it easily.A. of Jim to answerB. of Jim to answer itC. for Jim to answerD. for Jim to answer it( )30. —Mrs Green. Do you think I can get an “A” in the final exam if I start working hard now?— Of course. .A. Better late than neverB. Many hands make light workC. You cannot burn the candle at both sidesD. Actions speak louder than wordsⅡ. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）Some people bring out the best in you in a way that you might never have fully realized on your own. My mom was one of those people.My father died when I was nine months old, making my mom a singlemother at the age of eighteen. While I was growing up, we lived a very 1life. We had little money, but my mom gave me a lot of love. Each night, she satme on her lap and spoke the words that would ___2____ my life, “Kemmons, you are certain to be a great man and you can do anything in life ifyou work hard enough to get it.”At fourteen, I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never 3again. Every day, my mother spoke to me in her gentle, loving ____4___, tellingme that no matter what those doctors said, I could walk again if I didn?t wantto be bad enough. She drove that message ___5___deep i nto my heart that Ifinally believed her. A year later, I returned to school-walking on my own!When the Great Depression（大萧条）hit, my mom lost her job. Then I leftschool to support __6__ of us. At that moment, I decided never tobe____7_____again.Over the years, I experienced various（不同类别的）levels of business success. But the real turning point happened on a vacation I took with my wifeand five kids in 1916. I was unhappy with the second-class hotels for familiesand was ____8_____ that they charged（收费）an extra（额外的）$2 for eachchild. That was too 9 for most American families. I told my wife that Iwas going to open a hotel for families that would never charge extra for 10 .There were plenty of doubters at that time.Not 11 , mom was one of my strongest s upporters. She worked behind thedesk and even designed the room style. As in any business, we experienced a lot（扎根）in my heart, Iof hard time. But with my mother? s words deeply rooted12 doubted（怀疑）we would succeed. Fifteen years later, we had the largest13 system in the world - Holiday Inn . In 1979 my company had 1,759 inns（客栈）in more than fifty countries with an income of $1 billion a year.You may not have started out life in the best situations. But if you can find a14 in life worth working for and believe in yourself, 15 can stop you.( )1. A. quiet B. boring C. hard D. strange( )2. A. accept B. change C. disturb D. check( )3. A. study B. speak C. listen D. walk( )4. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. talk( )5. A. so B. such C. very D. quite( )6. A. all B. both C. every D. most( )7. A. excited B. brave C. patient D. poor( )8. A. sad B. happy C. tired D. angry( )9. A. expensive B. fantastic C. different D. special( )10. A. husband B. parents C. children D. wife( )11. A. successfully B. surprisingly C. interestingly D. importantly( )12. A. always B. sometimes C. almost D. never( )13. A. restaurant B. theatre C. library D. hotel( )14. A. task B. hotel C. company D. word( )15. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anythingⅢ. 阅读理解（每小题1分，共10分）APerhaps you?ve s een the English letters “WC” in your city. They showpublic toilets. But do you know it is far from elegant(优雅的) English? In fact,foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.“WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me,” says Charlie Shifflet, a young man from the US. The old sign will become“Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”．“I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,”“I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example,when someone says to me ,My hometown is Henan Province?, I know he shouldsay: ,My hometown is in Henan Province?. ,Hometown? i s a smaller place in a province.” The common(通常的) mistakes i nclude “Not Entry”, which shouldshould be changed to “To thebe “No Entry”, “Direction(方向) of Airport” Airport”. And it is “room rate(房价)”, not “room price”. And remember torather than “Care of the green”．“Keep off the grass”，( )41. What does the writer think of the use of “WC”？A. He doesn?t think it means water closet.B. He doesn?t think it old-fashioned English.C. He doesn?t think it proper for a sign.D. He thinks it elegant English.( )42. The underlined word “rarely” means .A. sometimesB. seldomC. often D . always( )43. Charlie Shifflet .A. is a Chinese living in AmericaB. thinks Chinese people are sometimes using incorrect EnglishC. likes to hear or see ChinglishD. sometimes uses Chinglish( )44. Which of the following signs does NOT use Chinglish(中国式英语)?A. B.C. D.( )45. The last paragraph is about .A. why there are so many Chinglish signsB. examples of ChinglishC. where Chinglish signs areD. who uses Chinglish signsBPeople use their mouths for many things. In the English language, there aremany expressions using the word “mouth”. But some of them are not so nice.Sometimes, p eople say something to a friend or a family member. Laterthey regret because it hurts that person?s feelings. Or they tell the person something they didn?t mean(打算) to tell. The speaker might say: “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.” Sometimes w hen one person is speaking, he says the same thing that hisfriend is going to say. When this happens, the friend might say: “You too words right out of my m outh!” Sometimes a person has a bad or sad experiencewith another person. He might say that experience “left a bad taste in myfrightening (可怕的) experience, like mouth.” Or the person possibly has a veryhaving an angry dog running after him. He might say: “I had my heart in my Some people have lots of money because t hey were born into a very mouth.” silver spoon (银勺) inrich family. You might say the person “was born with ahis mouth”. He is the opposite of a person living from “hand to mouth”. person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important thingsin life, like food.( )46. The underlined word “regret” may mean .A. feel sorryB. feel excitedC. feel proudD. feel surprised( )47. When a man says “I had my heart in my mouth”, usually he means he was .A. excitedB. afraidC. surprisedD. happy( )48. Your best friend Tony has said what you are going to say, you might say: “!”A. You were born with a silver spoon in your mouthB. You really put my foot in my mouthC. You really left a bad taste in my mouthD. You took the words right out of my mouth( )49. Tom says he?s living from hand to mouth. He means he is living a life.A. busyB. hardC. easyD. rich( )50. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A. Different Uses of MouthB. People and Their MouthsC. Expressions about MouthD. The Importance of MouthⅣ. 填空（每小题1分，共15分）A. 根据所给汉语意思或者首字母提示，用合适的单词填空。
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 5《Good manners》单元综合试题
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 5《Good manners》单元综合试题Class: Name: Marks：（满分100分）一、听力(15分)A、根据所听内容选择合适的图片1. A. B. C. D.2.A B C D3.A B C D4.A B C D5.A B C DB、根据问句选择正确的答语。
6 ( ). A. I hope so B. I’m afraid not C. Sorry, I won’t D. It’s nothing7 ( ) A Don’t say that. B You are too careless.C I’m sorry to hear that.D Don’t lose confidence.8 ( ) A It’s useless for you to study. B You’re never too old to learn.C It must be fun.D Just do as I tell you.9 ( ) A Sorry, I’m afraid not. B Yes, I am busy.C It doesn’t matter.D Certainly not.10 ( ) A It’s interesting. B They are polite and kind.C I like their good manners.D Glad to hear that.C、根据所听短文判断正误。
(正确的写T, 错误的写F)12 ( ) Body language is more important than words in our daily life.13 ( ) Sometimes we can know what other people are saying through body language.14 ( ) If he or she is interested in your subjects, he may look at eyes when talking.15 ( ) Someone who points at you while talking means he or she is happy with you.Ⅰ. 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）( ) 16.— Would you please not speak so loudly in public?— Sorry. I will remember to speak in lower voice.A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; /( ) 17. Which of the following signs can you often see beside a lake?A. B. C. D.( ) 18. —Excuse me, sir. But you’re my way.—Sorry. I didn’t know you were passing by.A. onB. byC. withD. in( ) 19. The of new inventions should be to make life easier, not to make it harder.A. rulesB. subjectsC. secretsD. purposes( ) 20. I have spent on this job. I think I can finish it this afternoon.A. sometime; sometimeB. sometimes; some timeC. some time; sometimeD. some times; some time( ) 21. —Boy, didn’t you see people were waiting in line? Don’t in!— I am sorry, sir.A. pushB. pullC. putD. carry( ) 22. Jim always keeps the tap running he finishes washing his face.A. sinceB. whileC. asD. till( ) 23. — Sir, please put out your cigarette (香烟).— Sorry. I the sign.A. don’t noticeB. didn’t noticeC. haven’t noticedD. won’t notice( ) 24. Checking answe rs before handing in your paper can help you mistakes.A. makeB. provideC. avoidD. advise ( )25. You’d better repair the machine I have told you. Otherwise, you maymake more problems.A. likeB. withC. asD. follow ( )26. Jack is always to wait for a long time without getting angry.A. too patientB. patient enoughC. enough patientD. very patient( )27. I this free life on the land now although(尽管) I hate it .A. used to; used toB. used to; be used toC. am used, be used toD. am used to, used to( )28. There are many flowers and trees on ______ sides of the Century Road. A. each B. every C. both D. all( )29. — Do you think the question too hard ?—I don’t think so. He can answer it easily.A. of Jim to answerB. of Jim to answer itC. for Jim to answerD. for Jim to answer it( )30. — Mrs Green. Do you think I can get an “A” in the final exam if I start working hard now?— Of course. .A. Better late than neverB. Many hands make light workC. You cannot burn the candle at both sidesD. Actions speak louder than wordsⅡ. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）Today we are going to hold a talk ____31___ table manners. The purpose of the talk is ____32___ rules for eating. It will ____33____ at 10:00 on May 12th, at the scho ol hall. There ____34____ a lot of ____35____ on table manners. We hope you will find them useful. Above all, when you are sitting at the table , you should not start eating ____36___ everyone is ready. It’s ____37____ to make much noise while ____38___ or drinking. You should not eat with your mouth open or talk with food in your mouth. You should wait for everyone to finish _____39___. These ____40___( )31. A. about B. on C. of D. with( )32. A. to teach B. teaching C. teach D. teaches( )33. A. happen B. happened C. take place D. took place( )34. A. would be B. will have C. will be D. is going to have ( )35. A. tip B. idea C. worries D. advice( )36. A. after B. when C. as D. until( )37. A. impolite B. impatient C. impossible D. unnecessary( )38. A. reading B. eating C. waiting D. talking( )39. A. either B. recently C. instead D. finally( )40. A. places B. informatio n C. rules D. discussionsⅢ. 阅读理解（每小题1分，共10分）APerhaps you’ve seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from elegant(优雅的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places i n China are following our steps.“WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me,” “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”.“I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,” he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me ‘My hometown is Henan Province’, I know he should say: ‘My hometown is in Henan Province’. ‘Hometown’ is a smaller place in a province.”(通常的) mistakes include “Not Entry”, which should be “No Entry”, “Direction(方向) of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “room rate(房价)”, not “room price”. And remember to “Keep off the grass”, rather than “Care of t he green”.( )41. What does the writer think of the use of “WC”?A. He doesn’t think it means water closet.B. He doesn’t think it old-fashioned English.C. He doesn’t think it proper for a sign.D. He thinks it elegant English.( )42. The underlined word “rarely” means .A. sometimesB. seldomC. often D . always( )43. Charlie Shifflet .A. is a Chinese living in AmericaB. thinks Chinese people are sometimes using incorrect EnglishC. likes to hear or see ChinglishD. sometimes uses Chinglish( )44. Which of the following signs does NOT use Chinglish(中国式英语)?A. B.C. D.( )45. The last paragraph is about .A. why there are so many Chinglish signsB. examples of ChinglishC. where Chinglish signs areD. who uses Chinglish signsBPeople use their mouths for many things. In the English language, there are many expressions using the word “mouth”. But some of them are not so nice.Sometimes, people say something to a friend or a family member. Later they regret because it hurts that person’s feelings. Or they tell the person something they didn’t mean(打算) to tell. The speaker might say: “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.”Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend is going to say. When this happens, the friend might say: “You took the words right out of my mouth!”Sometimes a person has a bad or sad experience with another person. He might s ay that experience “left a bad taste in my mouth.” Or the person possibly has a very frightening(可怕的) experience, like having an angry dog running after him. He might say: “I had my heart in my mouth.” Some people have lots of money because they were bo rn into a very rich family. You might say the person “was born with a silver spoon (银勺) in his mouth”. He is the opposite of a person living from “hand to mouth”. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.( )46. The underlined word “regret” may mean .A. feel sorryB. feel excitedC. feel proudD. feelsurprised( )47. When a man says “I had my heart in my mouth”, usually he means he was .A. excitedB. afraidC. surprisedD. happy( )48. Your best friend Tony has said what you are going to say, you might say: “!”A. You were born with a silver spoon in your mouthB. You really put my foot in my mouthC. You really left a bad taste in my mouthD. You took the words right out of my mouth( )49. Tom says that he is living from hand to mouth. He means he is living a life.A. busyB. hardC. easyD. rich( )50. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A. Different Uses of MouthB. People and Their MouthsC. Expressions about MouthD. The Importance of MouthⅣ. 填空（每小题1分，共15分）A. 根据所给汉语意思或者首字母提示，用合适的单词填空。
Unit5 Good manners单元检测卷(有答案) 牛津译林版英语八年级下册
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit5 Good manners单元检测一、单项选择。
1.-Have you ever seen _______film Ne Zha?-Yes, I have. It tells us _______different story of Ne Zha.A.a;anB.an; theC.a;theD.the;a2.Allen always behaves _______, so many people like him.A.easilyB.politelyC.friendlyD.lively3. Look at the “No parking” sign. You _______park your car here.A.shouldB.mustC.needn'tD.mustn't4:-Don't _______the waste paper. We can collect and recycle it.-You're right. Everyone should be a greener person.A.blow awayB.put awayC.throw awayD.fly away5.The engineers will keep _______the project with the manager of the company.A.discussB.discussedC.discussingD.to discuss6.She's not strong enough _______up mountains.A.to climbB.climbingC.climbD.climbed7.There is a big stone _______my way _______my way home yesterday.A.at;byB.in;byC.on;inD.in; on8.Livestreaming(直播）_______a new chance for traditional culture artists.A.practisesB.providesC.promisesD.protects9. You two live in the same community now. It's too hard _______you to avoid _______her.A.of;meetingB.for; to meetC.for; meetingD.of; to meet10.-I'm sorry I _______my exercise book at home this morning.-It doesn't matter. Don't forget _______it here this afternoon.A.left; to takeB.forgot; bringingC.left; to bringD.forgot; to bring11. Never put off _______tomorrow what you can do today.A.untilB.beforeC.whenD.as12.The sign with the words “_______” is often found in a hospital or a library.A.Keep quietB.No photosC.No parkingD.Stop13.-We shouldn't worry about Mary.-You are right.She is _______to look after _______A.old enough;herself B big enough;herselfC. enough old; herD.enough big; her14.-You have joined so many clubs.I'm afraid you'll be too tired. Remember, _______. -Thanks,Dad.I can look after myself very well.A. many hands make light workB.you can't burn the candle at both endsC. the early bird catches the wormD.practice makes perfect15.-Must I wear the school uniform on school days?- _______. It's one of the school rules.A. It's beautifulB.I don't think soC.I'm afraid soD.It fits you well二、完形填空。
牛津译林版八年级下册第五单元Good manners综合测试卷(有答案)
一、根据句意和汉语提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
1.Just when I was ready to leave the __________ （停车）place, another car crashed into mine.2.To _________ （避免）the heavy traffic,he goes to work early and drives home late.3.Do you know the saying "Practice makes _________ （完美的）"？4.There is ________ （垃圾）everywhere; you should do some cleaning.5.-Come on,Sandy.Everybody will be lucky or ________ （成功的）sometime in his life.-Thanks. I'll try again.6.The boy wants to choose one of his favourite __________ （话题）to talk about.7.The boy!s mother always uses a morning _________ （亲吻）to wake him up.8.Please make everything in its _________ （适当的）place.9.He lighted a _________ （蜡烛）and walked into the dark room.10.My mum was very _________ （亲密的）to Judy's. I heard they used to be classmates.11.The man has good manners, and he is waiting at the gate __________ （礼貌土也）。
牛津译林八年级下Unit 5 Good manners单元测试
八年级下Unit 5 Manners 检测一. 单项选择（每小题1分，共25分）( )1. Is the tent_______________________________for a family of three ?A. big enough; to loveB. enough big; to live in itC. big enough; to live inD. enough big; live in ( )2. There is a big stone______________my way_________________my way home yesterday.A. at; byB. in; byC. on; inD. in; on( )3. People won't realize the importance of health ____________________they lose it.A. ifB. sinceC. untilD. after( )4. I have spent ______________on this job. I think I can finish it ________________this afternoon.A. sometime; sometimeB. sometimes; some timeC. some time; sometimeD. some times; some time ( )5.-- Boy, didn’t you see people were waiti ng in line? Don’t____________ in! -- I am sorry, sir.A. pushB. pullC. putD. carry( )6. Tom's mother is too busy_____________ housework_______________him with his homework.A. doing; to helpB. to do; to helpC. doing; helpingD. to do; helping( )7. Jim always keeps the tap running ______________ he finishes washing his face.A. sinceB. whileC. asD. till( )8. --Be quiet please! Have you seen the sign "No Talking"? --Sorry, I ______________ it．A. didn't noticeB. haven't noticedC. won't noticeD. don't notice( )9. Checking your answers before handing in your paper can help you _________mistakes.A. makeB. provideC. avoidD. advise( )10.You’d better fi x the machine _____________I have told you, or you may make more problems.A. likeB. withC. asD. follow( )11. Jack is always _________________to wait for a long time without getting angry.A. too patientB. patient enoughC. enough patientD. very patient( )12. How many books can we borrow from the school library__________________?A. at timesB. at that timeC. at all timesD. at one time( )13.--Mum, can you give me some advice on how to behave myself at the table?--Well, I do have some advice. _____________, please keep quiet while eating.A. In allB. Of allC. At allD. Above all( )14.--Do you think the question too hard__________? --I don’t think so. He can answer it easily.A.of Jim to answerB. of Jim to answer itC. for Jim to answerD. for Jim to answer it ( )15. --A homeless man found a big diamond in the mountain. He became rich over night. --_________.A. Many hands make light workB. The early bird catches the wormC. Every dog has its dayD. Practice makes perfect.( )16 . Please check your paper to_________________ there are no mistakes before handing it in.A. think ofB. try outC. find outD. make sure( )17. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs___________________it every day.A. practice to speakB. to practice speakingC. practice speakingD. practicing to speak ( )18. --Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room. --__________________.A. OK, I willB. No, I won'tC. It doesn't matterD. I know that( )19. --Tom, as well as his parents, ________to the USA, right? --Yes, they won't be back until next week.A. has beenB. have beenC. have goneD. has gone( )20. --Will you come to the party next Friday? -- ____________.I will be on holiday in Lijiang by then.A. I'm afraid notB. I hope soC. I think soD. I hope not( )21. British people don’t like to shout or laugh _____________________.A. aloudB. loudC. loudlyD. aloudly( )22. British people only _________ relatives or _________ friends _________ a kiss.A. great; close; byB. greet; close; withC. great; closed; byD. greet; closed; with ( )23. The bag is _________ heavy for me _________.A. so; to carryB. too; to carry itC. not enough; to carry itD. too; to carry ( )24. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will_____________________.A. come outB. come trueC. achieve D cone up( )25. British people are very polite at home ______________________.A. as well asB. as wellC. alsoD. either二. 单词拼写（共30 分）A．根据所给汉语提示，写出单词（每小题2分，共20分）1. As everyone knows, ________________________________(练习) makes perfect.2. If everyone_______________________________ (遵守）the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents.3. Last month a group of _______________________(罗马人) visited the Great Wall in Beijing.4. The boy wants to choose one of his favourite ______________________(话题) to talk about.5. I had a face-to-face ____________________________________ (谈话）with my students that day.6. There was piles of________________________ (垃圾）on the streets. It smells terrible.7. Tom is my __________________________(亲密的) friend of all the boys.8. Simon lives in a big family. He doesn't know all his___________________________(亲戚) names.9. Sorry, I don't know how to_________________________ (表达）my feelings.10. The main_________________________(目的)of the activity is to raise money for children in poor areas.B. 用所给单词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分）Are you going to have dinner at your West ern friend’s home? Then be c _________(1)with your table manners. Good manners will make you a nice g ________(2). You may find Western table manners are d __________(3) from Chinese manners. Here is some good a _________(4) to keep you cool. When you are r __________(5) to eat, sit up straight on the chair. Usually, don’t put your elbows (胳膊肘) on the table. First p _________(6)your napkin (餐巾) up and put it on your lap. You can use it to clean your hands or mouth, but not your face. When you finish eating, put it b ___________(7)on the table. Don’t make any noise when you eat or drink the s oup. It’s not good t o speak when your mouth is f ________(8). If you do that, people will see the food in your mouth. If you want to get some food but you can’t r _________(9)it, ask others to pass the dish to you. Put bones on the edge of the plate. And remember, take bread with your h ____________(10), not with a fork.1. The party was very___________________________________. Everyone had a good time.2. The teacher was angry because Tom _________________________several times when she was speaking.3. Jack was walking along the street in a hurry when he ____________________________ a boy.4. The man warned his son _______________________________________the machine again.5. In public you should avoid _______________________________________ impolitely.6. It is good manners ___________________________________________________________.7. The girl has made her dream ___________________________________ after years of hard work.8. It’s ___________________________________________to shout or laugh loudly in public in the UK.9. Daniel was too excited ___________________________________________________ clearly.10. ________________________________________________________, we sat down, the play started.四、完成句子，根据所给的汉语完成句子（每空1分，共30分）1. The girl is _______________________________________________(很细心注意到) the small changes.2. The maths problem is ___________________________________________(对我来来说太难) to work out.3. Yesterday I met Mr Lee on the street ____________________________________(意外地).4. It’s bad manners ___________________________________________(到处扔垃圾).5. British people are very polite in public _________________________________________(还有) at home.6. Don’t ______________________________________(让水龙头的水一直流) when you brush your teeth.7. Different public signs can ___________________________________________.(使我们安全远离危险)8. The brave young man __________________________________(冒着失去生命的危险) to save the child.9. All the students ________________________________________(忙于准备) the coming exam these days.10. It's not polite __________________________________________________(打断别人说话).。
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 5《Good manners》综合测试
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 5《Good manners》综合测试一. 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）( ) 1.— Would you please not speak so loudly in public?— Sorry. I will remember to speak in lower voice.A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; /( ) 2. Which of the following signs can you often see beside a lake?A. B. C. D.( ) 3. —Excuse me, sir. But you’re my way.—Sorry. I didn’t know you were passing by.A. onB. byC. withD. in( ) 4. The of new inventions should be to make life easier, not to make it harder.A. rulesB. subjectsC. secretsD. purpose s( ) 5. I have spent on this job. I think I can finish it this afternoon.A. sometime; sometimeB. sometimes; some timeC. some time; sometimeD. some times; some time( ) 6. —Boy, didn’t you see people were waiting in line? Don’t in!— I am sorry, sir.A. pushB. pullC. putD. carry( ) 7. Jim always keeps the tap running he finishes washing his face.A. sinceB. whileC. asD. till( ) 8. — Sir, please put out your cigarette (香烟).— Sorry. I the sign.A. don’t noticeB. didn’t noticeC. haven’t noticedD. won’t notice( ) 9. Checking your answers before handing in your paper can help you mistakes.A. makeB. provideC. avoidD. advise( )10. You’d better fix the machine I have told you. Otherwise, you may make more problems.A. likeB. withC. asD. follow( )11. Jack is always to wait for a long time without getting angry.A. too patientB. patient enoughC. enough patientD. very patient ( )12. —You’ve spelt the word wrong again, Judy.—Sorry. Maybe I am used to the mistake to think of the right one.A. soB. veryC. quiteD. too( )13. — Mum, can you give me some advice on how to behave myself at the table?— Well, I do have some advice. , please keep quiet while eating.A. In al lB. Of allC. At allD. Above all( )14. — Do you think the question too hard ?—I don’t t hink so. He can answer it easily.A. of Jim to answerB. of Jim to answer itC. for Jim to answerD. for Jim to answer it( )15. —Mrs Green. Do you think I can get an “A” in the final if I start working hard now?— Of course..A. Better late than nev erB. Many hands make light workC. You cannot burn the candle at both sidesD. Actions speak louder than words二. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）Pearl necklaces (珍珠项链) are very beautiful. Can you believe that t hese shining pearls 16 a kind of lit tle animal named oyster? The animal lives in a shell (壳), deep down at the bottom 17 the sea. 18 do these beautiful pearls form (形成) inside an oyster? A grain (颗粒) of sand enters an oyster’s shell. Thi s makes the oyster 19 . Just as 20 some dustenters your eyes, your eyes will water and the tears (眼泪) from your eyes will try to 21 out the dust!But when a grain of sand enters an oyster’s shell, it can’t wash it out. 22 , the oyster’s body keeps building a white 23 “coat” around the annoying sand. The coat covers the sand and 24 that makes a pearl.Today people raise pearls on a pearl farm. Th ey 25 the oysters’ shells softly and place some sand inside them. When a pearl is made, people get it out again. ( )16. A. turn into B. take in C. get married( )17. A. for B. of C. on D. over( )18. A. How B. Where C. Why D. What( )19. A. happy B. shy C. upset D. silly( )20. A. before B. when C. unless D. though( )21. A. wash C. pull D. throw( )22. A. Inside B. Perhaps C. Instead D. Besides( )23. A. dirty B. serious C. shining D. dangerous( )24. A. typically B. recently C. suddenly D. finally( )25. A. break B. open C. save D. protect三. 阅读理解（每小题1分，共10分）APerhaps you’ve seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from elegant(优雅的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.Wor kers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.“WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me,” “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”.“I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,” he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me ‘My hometown is Henan Province’, I know heshould say: ‘My hometown is in Henan Province’. ‘Hometown’ is a smaller place in a province.” “Not Entry”, which should be “No Entry”, “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “room rate”, not “room price”. And remember to “Keep off the grass”, rather than “Care of the green”. ( )26. What does the writer think of the use of “WC”?A. He doesn’t think it means water closet.B. He doesn’t think it old-fashioned English.C. He doesn’t think it prope r for a sign.D. He thinks it elegant English.( )27. The underlined word “rarely” means .A. sometimesB. seldomC. oftenD. always( )28. Charlie Shifflet .A. is a Chinese living in AmericaB. thinks Chinese people are sometimes using incorrect EnglishC. likes to hear or see ChinglishD. sometimes uses Chinglish( )29. Which of the following signs does NOT use Chinglish?A. B.C. D.( )30. The last paragraph is about .A. why there are so many Chinglish signsB. examples of ChinglishC. where Chinglish signs areD. who uses Chinglish signsBPeople use their mouths for many things. In the English language, there are many expressions using the word “mouth”. But some of them a re not so nice.Sometimes, people say something to a friend or a family member. Later they regret because it hurts that person’s feelings. Or they tell the person something they didn’t mean to tell. The speaker might say: “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.”Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend is going to say. When this happens, the friend might say: “You took the words right out of my mouth!”Sometimes a person has a bad or sad experience with another person. He might say that experience “left a bad taste in my mouth.” Or the person possibly has a very frightening(可怕的) experience, like having an angry dog running after him. He might say: “I had my heart in my mouth.”Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. You might say the person “was born with a silver spoon (银勺) in his mouth”. He is the opposite of a person living from “hand to mouth”. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.( )31. The underlined word “regret” may mean .A. feel sorryB. feel excitedC. feel proudD. feel surprised ( )32. When a man says “I had my heart in my mouth”, usually he means he was .A. excitedB. afraidC. surprisedD. happy( )33. Your best friend Tony has said what you are going to say, you might say: “!”A. You were born with a silver spoon in your mouthB. You really put my foot in my mouthC. You really left a bad taste in my mouthD. You took the words right out of my mouth( )34. Tom says that he is living from hand to mouth. He means he is living a(n) life.A. busyB. hardC. easyD. rich( )35. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A. Different Uses of MouthB. People and Their MouthsC. Expressions about MouthD. The Importance of Mouth四. 填空（每小题1分，共15分）A. 根据所给汉语或英文提示，用合适的单词填空。
译林牛津 8年级下册Unit5 Good manners 单元质量检测(电子档包含答案)
8B Unit5 Good manners 单元质量检测前进中学一、单项选择（每小题1分，满分10分）1. He had to speak in a loud_______ because of the_______ of the party in the next room.A. noise; noiseB. voice; soundC. voice; noiseD. sound; voice2. -Where is your mother? -She_____ Shanghai. She won't come back_____ next week.A. has gone to; untilB. has been to; untilC. has been to; afterD. has gone to; after3.—Would you please not speak so loudly in ______ public?—Sorry. I will remember to speak in ______ lower voice.A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; /4. – Did you come back early from school yesterday?-- _____. It was not seven o’clock _____ I got home.A. Yes; beforeB. Yes; whenC. No; untilD. No; after5. He has been to Beijing _______ before. He wants to go there ______ next year.A. some time , sometimesB. sometimes , sometimeC. some times , sometimeD. sometime , some time6. 一Excuse me, sir. But you're ______ my way. 一Sorry. I _____ you were passing by.A. on , didn't knowB. by , don’t knowC. with , don’t knowD. in , didn’t know7. Hobo is _________ to learn _________ manners.A. old enough; fromB. enough old; fromC. old enough; aboutD. enough old; about8. ---Don’t _________ litter everywhere! ---Sorry, _________.A. drop; I don’tB. drop; I won’tC. leave; I don’tD. leave; I won’t9.一Can you give me some advice on how to behave myself at the table?一Well, I do have some. _______ , please keep quiet while eating.A. In allB. Of allC. At allD. Above all10. 一I can't believe you have finished the work.一My friends helped me out. Just as the saying goes, “_______ ”A. Practice make perfectB. Put all your eggs in one basketC. Burn the candle at both endsD. Many hands make light work二、完型（每小题1分，满分15分）We are lucky to live in a rich country where we have many things. However, most of us usually 1 some things.Electricity（电）is one thing that we waste 2 . Lights, TVs, 3 and other things are often kept on even when no one is using them. We should turn them off when we do not need them. It 4 less than a second to do it. Anyhow, not wasting electricity save money, because we do not have to 5 the electricity we do not use.The second thing that we often waste is water. Fresh water is precious(宝贵的)，6 it shouldn’t be wasted. It is only a simple matter of turning off a tap. I am sure 7 can do this easily if he wants to.8 big waste is food. My mother 9 cook so much food that much of it was thrown away. I told her we had wasted so much 10 . She thought I was right and now cooks _11_ what we caneat.It is not 12 to be wasteful. I find there is a simple 13 of not wasting things. That is to use only what we 14 . Do not touch what we do not need. 15 this way we can stop being wasteful.1. A. use B. wash C. waste D. forget .2. A. little B. most C. few D. least3. A. radios B. apples C. bikes D. doors4. A. brings B. costs C. keeps D. takes5. A. afford B. save C. pay for D. care for6. A. though B. because C. so D. but7. A. nobody B. something C. everybody D. nothing8. A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other9. A. planned to B. used to C. was able to D. was afraid to10. A. electricity B. water C. food D. money11. A. mainly B. only C. mostly D. specially12. A. right B. fine C. bad D. necessary13. A. way B. thing C. plan D. project14. A. buy B. need C. bring D. get15. A. On B. In C. For D. At三、阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分）ASummer sports campsOur summer camps have the following sports:• Basketball • Football• Swimming • Tennis• Kung fuThis summer, we are offering sports camps at Discovery College, Renaissance College, South Island School and West Island School from Mondays to Fridays for six weeks. Our summer sports camps are only for children. We want to make sure they get enough exercise during the holiday. We are having a show about our summer sports camps this Friday at South Island School. You can come and learn more about us.Sign up (报名) before 18 June (27 June for football camps) to enjoy 10% discount for our summer sports camps.You can also visit our website .hk or call us at 2711-1128 for more information about our summer sports camps.1. The summer sports camps offer ________ kinds of sports.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 62. There is a show about the summer sports camps at ________.A. Discovery CollegeB. Renaissance CollegeC. South Island SchoolD. West Island School3. You CANNOT enjoy 10% discount for football camps if you sign up on ________.A. 17 JuneB. 21 JuneC. 26 JuneD. 29 June4. There are ________ ways to get more information about the summer sports camps.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 55. The material is probably from ________.A. a storybookB. a sports reportC. a science magazineD. a school notice boardBHere are some good table rules about eating Western food.As soon as you sit down, you should sit up straight, keep your elbows (肘) off the table. Open your napkin (餐巾) and place it on your lap (大腿). The napkin stays on your lap (except for use) until the end of the meal. If you need to leave the table for a moment, you may leave the napkin on your chair. W hen the meal is finished, place your napkin well on the left of your plate. Remember the rule: liquids (液体) on the right, solids (固体) on the left. Your water glass is on the right of the plate and your bread plate is on the left. You should pass the dishes from left to right. Do try a little of everything on your plate. Bread should be broken off into small pieces and butter is about a small mouth as you eat it. You may leave some food to one side of your plate if you feel you have had enough. Don't leave your plate so clean that it looks as if you haven't eaten for days! If others ask you for the salt, pass it with both hands together. If the soup is hot, don't blow on it; just wait for it to cool off. When a lady arrives at or leaves the table, it's polite for all gentlemen at the table to stand up.1. When you eat Western food at the table, you should _______.A. put your elbows on the tableB. keep your elbows off the tableC. keep your elbows straightD. keep your napkin clean2. According to (根据）the passage, if a person leaves for a while, he has to _______.A. take the napkin with himB. take the napkin in his handC. put the napkin on his chairD. put the napkin on the table.3. When you finish eating a Western meal, you should _______.A. put your napkin well on the left of you plateB. put your napkin well on the right of your plateC. place your napkin into the dustbinD. take your napkin with you4. If you pass the dishes, you should _______.A. pass them from right to leftB. stand up and pass them to the person next to youC. pass liquids first, then the solidsD. pass them from left to right5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. If the soup is hot, you can blow on it.B. You should eat all the things up on your plate though（即使）you are full.C. When a lady arrives at the table, it's polite to stand up for a gentleman.D. It's good to leave your plate so clean.四、词汇检测（每小题1分，满分15分）A) 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释或通过上下文，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。
译林牛津版八年级下册Unit5单元测试卷及答案
译林牛津版八年级下册Unit5 Good manners单元测试卷一、听力(听力)（共20小题；共20分）一、听力部分（20分）Ⅰ.听句子，选出该句的最佳答语（5分）1. A. No, thanks. B. You are welcome. C. It doesn't matter.2. A. Yes, please. B. I'd love to. C. Here you are.3. A. Not at all.B. I hope you have a good visit.C. With my parents.4. A. It doesn't matter.B. Good idea.C. I'm glad that you like it.5. A. Since 2000. B. In 2000. C. Three years ago.Ⅱ.听对话和问题，选择正确的答案（5分）6. A. Shake hands. B. Bow. C. Kiss.7. A. Some flowers. B. A basketball. C. A box of chocolate.8. A. Table manners. B. Some sayings. C. Life.9. A. B. C.10. A. China. B. South Korea. C. Canada.Ⅲ.听语段、对话和问题，选择正确答案（5分）11. What is David doing?A. He is visiting Beijing.B. He is writing his experiences in Beijing.C. He is writing about Beijing.12. How long did David stay in Beijing?A. For a month.B. For a week.C. For two weeks.13. How many places of interest did David visit in Beijing?A. Two.B. Three.C. We don't know.14. Why did David make some mistakes in Beijing?A. Because of the different customs.B. Because of his carelessness.C. Because of the different languages.15. What did Lin Tao do when David made mistakes?A. Laughed at him.B. Helped him.C. Did nothing.Ⅳ.听短文填空（5分）In most Western restaurants and homes there are rules about how to talk and eat.Usually dinner is enjoyed with xvi. , and people are not allowed to talk about xvii. . For example, if someone wants to leave the table to use the toilet, he has to do it without mentioning what he is going to do.Meals are always xviii. . No eating noises are allowed. Therefore, people have to eat with their xix. . While xx. , coffee or wine, "slurping" is also not allowed.16.17.18.19.20.二、单项选择（共15小题；共15分）21. They arrived London a cold winter night.A. at; inB. in; onC. at; onD. in; at22. Oh, look at the ball it's to hold hundreds of people.A. tall enoughB. big enoughC. too tallD. too big23. She is not only a music lover, but she is a sports lover .A. tooB. eitherC. as wellD. also24. --- Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White?--- I said I'd better go back to the office. I someone this afternoon.A. would meetB. metC. am going to meetD. was meeting25. I couldn't get through the door because there was a big box .A. by the wayB. on the wayC. out of the wayD. in the way26. Don't talk . Your grandmother is sleeping now.A. loudB. hardlyC. loudlyD. hard27. Tom, afraid of speaking in front of people. You are the best one.A. don'tB. notC. not beD. don't be28. I'd like to buy a big and modern house. , I hope it's in a quiet neighborhood.A. After allB. Above allC. As a resultD. At that moment29. He studies hard get good grades.A. in order toB. in order thatC. so thatD. whether30. Do you think your resolution is too difficult ?A. keep itB. to keep itC. to keepD. keep31. Parents encourage their children to take part in volunteer work. It will have a goodinfluence on them.A. shouldB. mustn'tC. mightD. can't32. Let's the school rules.A. don't breakB. not to breakC. not breakingD. not break33. It's impolite information directly when asking for help.A. askB. askingC. askedD. to ask34. We are going to the Great Wall this year.A. some timeB. some timesC. sometimeD. sometimes35. Parents always their children play football in the street.A. warn; not toB. say; toC. say; not toD. warn; to三、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）Numbers are part of our everyday life. After all, we live with numbers. From buildings to computers, 36 are used everywhere! People started to make lucky numbers long ago. And people also began to look for that unlucky number. Unluckily, 13 became that " 37 " number.It's said that Judas was the 13th person at the Last Supper. He betrayed Jesus (出卖耶稣). So now many people 38 it very bad to have 13 people around a dinner table. People believe that if 13 people have dinner 39 , one of them would die in the year. Many cities in the UK and the U.S.A. don't have a(n) 40 street or floor.People believe that Friday the 13th is very unlucky because it is an unlucky day 41 an unlucky number. 42 , not everyone is afraid of the number 13. A popular 43 called Taylor Swift draws "13" on her hand before every show. She 44 she was successful because of "13" in the last few years. She said, "I was born on the 13th. I turned 13 years old on Friday the 13th.45 first music CD went top in 13 weeks."So, there are no lucky or unlucky numbers. They might become lucky or unlucky only if we think of them as such.36. A. numbers B. signs C. reports D. tools37. A. silly B. dangerous C. safe D. interesting38. A. keep B. expect C. make D. consider39. A. lonely B. together C. forever D. quietly40. A. eleventh B. twelfth C. thirteenth D. fourteenth41. A. with B. behind C. through D. against42. A. Unluckily B. So C. However D. Also43. A. scientist B. nurse C. writer D. singer44. A. hoped B. thought C. feared D. advised45. A. Her B. His C. Your D. My四、阅读理解（共15小题；共30分）AAudrey is a Chinese-American student. She has found many value(价值观) differences between Chinese and Americans.About money1) Americans would like to spend more than they have, so many of them are always in debt(欠债). Chinese usually spend less than they have, so many of them always have money left in the bank.2) American kids love to make money by themselves. Chinese kids always ask their parents for money.3) American parents think it is not useful to send their children to an expensive university. Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to good universities and that might make them very poor sometimes.About school1) Many American girls take part in sports, dancing and singing groups while Chinese girls take part in academic groups.2) Some American students think that "B" is a gift while Chinese students think that "B" is terrible.American parents and Chinese parentsAmerican parents allow their daughters or sons to go out to have some part-time jobs in their free time or at the weekends. Chinese parents usually don't allow their children to do so in middle or high schools.46. What would a Chinese middle school student probably NOT do at the weekends according to the passage?A. Study at home.B. Do part-time jobs.C. Take part in sports groups.D. Do chores.47. Some Chinese people have money left in the bank because .A. they usually spend less than they have.B. they spend more than they have.C. they don't like spending money at all.D. they make a lot of money.48. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Chinese parents usually give their kids money.B. American children love to make money by themselves.C. The reason why Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to good universities.D. Americans usually spend more money than they have.49. The underlined word "academic" probably means in Chinese.A. 学术的B. 娱乐的C. 运动的D. 休闲的50. The best title for the passage would probably be .A. Differences between Chinese and AmericansB. Chinese Students and American StudentsC. Chinese Parents and American ParentsD. Chinese Values and American ValuesBChristopher's mother now is sitting proudly and watching TV as Christopher is given the "Child of Courage" prize by his favorite TV star. This makes her remember the accident happened to them. Christopher was sitting in the car with his mother, father, sister Rosie, 10, and brother Mac, 7, when his father drove onto a metal barrier(障碍物). Unluckily, the car fell down from a hill into a deep river. Christopher, then 12, swam through a broken window and got out for the fresh air. Then he realized his brother and sister were still in the car.Christopher took a deep breath and swam back into the car. He saved Mac first, then he swam back to look for Rosie, who was under the cold, dark water, in the car. Christopher had to feel for her seatbelt because he couldn't see anything in the water. He took the seatbelt off her, and went up for air. Finally he went back to pull her out of the car.Christopher's mother and father were thrown out before the car rolled down the hill. When his mother came back to her life, she looked for her children hurriedly. She could see Mac on the bank, but she couldn't find the other ones. She was so worried. Then she saw Christopher come up out of the water like a dolphin with Rosie on his shoulder. She shouted excitedly to Christopher down to the river, "I'm so proud of you."The family called for an ambulance(救护车). It took Christopher's father who was badly hurt to a nearby hospital immediately.51. What is Christopher's mother watching on TV?A. Christopher is accepting a prize.B. Rosie is singing with a TV star.C. Mac is taking part in a TV show.D. Her husband is lying in hospital.52. What happened to Christopher's family?A. They got lost on their way to a wild park.B. Their car fell down from a hill into the river.C. A man broke into their car and drove it away.D. Their car broke down and caught a big fire.53. How do you feel about Christopher?A. Brave.B. Careful.C. Polite.D. Humorous.CIt can't be truer that when in Rome do as the Romans do. So it's necessary for you to know what you can talk about with the local people in other countries.In FranceYou'll find that conversations often turn into heated discussions. You'd better give opinions only on subjects that you are knowledgeable about. There is seldom a moment of silence, except when the topic under discussion has been finished, and nothing new has been introduced.Food, art, music and current events or history are welcome topics. The French believe in freedom, and you can criticize(批评) anyone, but not Napoleon, who stands for the French spirit. Moreover, never use the conversation opener "What do you do?"In AustraliaGenerally speaking, the Australians are excited about discussions. Many topics may be open to discussion, including religion and politics. The best way, however, is to wait for Australians to bring up these two subjects; be prepared to listen to what they are talking about.The Australians like to criticize themselves, but they can't stand being criticized by others. Don't talk big. Instead, the Australians prefer to judge(判断) your abilities through your actions. People who show off their education in conversation may be laughed at.In SwitzerlandThe Swiss may seem cold. Once you get close to them, however, you'll find that they are honest, responsible people, who will respect your interests much.They are good listeners and will remember almost everything you say to them. Sometimes they will even take notes while you speak. The Swiss are a very private people, so you should avoid asking personal questions. They can be rather serious, so it is advisable to avoid playing jokes on them.54. According to the passage, it's better not to criticize .A. the RomansB. the FrenchC. the AustraliansD. the Swiss55. What can we infer from the passage?A. The Swiss are not as cold as they seem to be.B. The French can't stand the heated discussions.C. The Australians like to talk about their success.D. The French usually have a conversation about jobs.56. The writer wants to tell us .A. what to introduce to foreignersB. how to live in foreign countriesC. how to get along with foreignersD. what to talk about in foreign countriesDTable manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner. To behave well abroad, you are to know some table manners.EATING MANNERSJapan: It is "perfectly" okay to slurp when you eat noodles. Unlike making big noises, slurping slightly is not rude. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp.Russia: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in left hand, and knife in the right. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table. Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat.France: Never discuss money or religion over dinner. What is different from the manners in Russia is that finishing everything on your plate is considered good manners.Mexico: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who' s eating, even a stranger, it' s good manners to say "provecho", which means enjoy. In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It's a social occasion—lunches are seldom quick and suppers can last for hours. Where you sit matters in the country. Before you get seated, look for place cards, or wait until the host seats you. And you must say "enjoy your meal" before you leave the table.DRINKING MANNERSAmerica: If you empty a bottle into someone's glass, it obliges that person to buy the next bottle. It's polite to put the last drops into your own glass.Australia: In a pub it' s usual to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it' s your turn, say "It's my round". When it's their round, they will buy it for you. Don't leave before you've bought a round.Japan: Don't fill your own glass of alcohol. Instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to do it for you.57. When you are at table in Mexico, you should .A. keep silent if you catch the eye of a strangerB. eat as quickly as you can to save your timeC. wish others happy with eating before leaving the tableD. seat yourself anywhere before the host tell you to58. According to the passage, it is good manners to .A. keep quiet when eating noodles in JapanB. leave some food on your plate in FranceC. put the fork in the right hand in RussiaD. take turns to treat each other in Australia59. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. Eating MannersB. Drinking MannersC. Table MannersD. Country Manners60. The writer tells us the table manners in many countries in order to .A. attract us to these countries to enjoy foreign foodB. help us behave in a polite manner in different countriesC. teach us how to handle knives, forks and spoonsD. make us able to express thanks to different hosts五、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共10小题；共10分）61. I have done a lot of oral practice so that I can (表达) myself in English.62. Were you (成功的) in finding a new house in Australia?63. Some Westerners (避开) the number 13 because they believe it is unlucky.64. “Would you come here?” he asked very (礼貌地).65. We had a (讨论) about the differences between Britain and the US.66. Don't forget to stay in (接触;联系) with your friends.67. It will be a dangerous trip. Are you sure you want to take the (风险)?68. How many (客人) were there at his birthday party?69. Miss White asked me to (解释) how the machine worked.70. I want to have a (谈话) with you in English.六、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共5小题；共5分）71. No. 2 Middle School is a p school, not a private(私立的) one.72. People throw l into the river and make it really dirty.73. --- Why do you come here?--- The p of my coming here is to see you.74. It's i to point at others.75. I will have a birthday cake and c .七、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共10小题；共20分）76. 他跑得不够快, 没能赶上公共汽车。
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 5《Good manners》综合测试
《Unit 5 Good manners》一. 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）( ) 1.— Would you please not speak so loudly in public?— Sorry. I will remember to speak in lower voice.A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; /( ) 2. Which of the following signs can you often see beside a lake?A. B. C. D.( ) 3. —Excuse me, sir. But you’re my way.—Sorry. I didn’t know you were passing by.A. onB. byC. withD. in( ) 4. The of new inventions should be to make life easier, not to make it harder.A. rulesB. subjectsC. secretsD. purpose s( ) 5. I have spent on this job. I think I can finish it this afternoon.A. sometime; sometimeB. sometimes; some timeC. some time; sometimeD. some times; some time( ) 6. —Boy, didn’t you see people were waiting in line? Don’t in!— I am sorry, sir.A. pushB. pullC. putD. carry( ) 7. Jim always keeps the tap running he finishes washing his face.A. sinceB. whileC. asD. till( ) 8. — Sir, please put out your cigarette (香烟).— Sorry. I the sign.A. don’t noticeB. didn’t noticeC. haven’t noticedD. won’t notice( ) 9. Checking your answers before handing in your paper can help you mistakes.A. makeB. provideC. avoidD. advise( )10. You’d better fix the machine I have told you. Otherwise, you may make more problems.A. likeB. withC. asD. follow( )11. Jack is always to wait for a long time without getting angry.A. too patientB. patient enoughC. enough patientD. very patient ( )12. —You’ve spelt the word wrong again, Judy.—Sorry. Maybe I am used to the mistake to think of the right one.A. soB. veryC. quiteD. too( )13. — Mum, can you give me some advice on how to behave myself at the table?— Well, I do have some advice. , please keep quiet while eating.A. In al lB. Of allC. At allD. Above all( )14. — Do you think the question too hard ?—I don’t think so. He c an answer it easily.A. of Jim to answerB. of Jim to answer itC. for Jim to answerD. for Jim to answer it( )15. —Mrs Green. Do you think I can get an “A” in the final if I start working hard now?— Of course..A. Better late than nev erB. Many hands make light workC. You cannot burn the candle at both sidesD. Actions speak louder than words二. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）Pearl necklaces (珍珠项链) are very beautiful. Can you believe that t hese shining pearls 16 a kind of lit tle animal named oyster? The animal lives in a shell (壳), deep down at the bottom 17 the sea. 18 do these beautiful pearls form (形成) inside an oyster? A grain (颗粒) of sand enters an oyster’s shell. Thi s makes the oyster 19 . Just as 20 some dustenters your eyes, your eyes will water and the tears (眼泪) from your eyes will try to 21 out the dust!But when a grain of sand enters an oyster’s shell, it can’t wash it out. 22 , the oyster’s body keeps building a white 23 “coat” aroun d the annoying sand. The coat covers the sand and 24 that makes a pearl.Today people raise pearls on a pearl farm. Th ey 25 the oysters’ shells softly and place some sand inside them. When a pearl is made, people get it out again. ( )16. A. turn into B. take in C. get married D. come from( )17. A. for B. of C. on D. over( )18. A. How B. Where C. Why D. What( )19. A. happy B. shy C. upset D. silly( )20. A. before B. when C. unless D. though( )21. A. wash B. come C. pull D. throw( )22. A. Inside B. Perhaps C. Instead D. Besides( )23. A. dirty B. serious C. shining D. dangerous( )24. A. typically B. recently C. suddenly D. finally( )25. A. break B. open C. save D. protect三. 阅读理解（每小题1分，共10分）APerhaps you’ve seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from elegant(优雅的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.“WC, or water closet, is old-fashione d English. It sounds dirty to me,” says Charlie Shifflet, a young man from the US. The old sign will become “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”.“I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,” he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me ‘My hometown is Henan Province’, I know heshould say: ‘My hometown is in Henan Province’. ‘Hometown’ is a smaller place in a province.” The common mistakes he picked up include “Not Entry”,which should be “No Entry”, “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “room rate”, not “room price”. And remember to “Keep off the grass”, rather than “Care of the green”.( )26. What does the writer think of the use of “WC”?A. He doesn’t think it means water closet.B. He doesn’t think it old-fashioned English.C. He doesn’t think it proper for a sign.D. He thinks it elegant English.( )27. The underlined word “rarely” means .A. sometimesB. seldomC. oftenD. always( )28. Charlie Shifflet .A. is a Chinese living in AmericaB. thinks Chinese people are sometimes using incorrect EnglishC. likes to hear or see ChinglishD. sometimes uses Chinglish( )29. Which of the following signs does NOT use Chinglish?A. B.C. D.( )30. The last paragraph is about .A. why there are so many Chinglish signsB. examples of ChinglishC. where Chinglish signs areD. who uses Chinglish signsBPeople use their mouths for many things. In the English language, there are many expressions using the word “mouth”. But some of them are not so nice.Sometimes, people say something to a friend or a family member. Later they regret because it hurts that person’s feel ings. Or they tell the person something they didn’t mean to tell. The speaker might say: “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.”Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend is going to say. When this happens, the fr iend might say: “You took the words right out of my mouth!”Sometimes a person has a bad or sad experience with another person. He might say that experience “left a bad taste in my mouth.” Or the person possibly has a very frightening(可怕的) experience, like having an angry dog running after him. He might say: “I had my heart in my mouth.”Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. You might say the person “was born with a silver spoon (银勺) in his mouth”. Heis the opposi te of a person living from “hand to mouth”. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food. ( )31. The underlined word “regret” may mean .A. feel sorryB. feel excitedC. feel proudD. feel surprised ( )32. When a man says “I had my heart in my mouth”, usually he means he was .A. excitedB. afraidC. surprisedD. happy( )33. Your best friend Tony has said what you are going to say, you might say: “!”A. You were born with a silver spoon in your mouthB. You really put my foot in my mouthC. You really left a bad taste in my mouthD. You took the words right out of my mouth( )34. Tom says that he is living from hand to mouth. He means he is living a(n) life.A. busyB. hardC. easyD. rich( )35. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A. Different Uses of MouthB. People and Their MouthsC. Expressions about MouthD. The Importance of Mouth四. 填空（每小题1分，共15分）A. 根据所给汉语或英文提示，用合适的单词填空。
【牛津译林版】八年级英语下册《Unit5Goodmanners》单元综合测试
《Unit 5 Good manners 》一、词形变换或根据汉语提示填入合适的单词：(io分)1. People in our country often queue ______________ (patient) while waiting in public places.2. Mrs Lin is too busy _ (expla in) any of the long sentences right now.3. To play won derfully tomorrow, she is try ing her best to practice ______ (play) thevioli n.4. It ' s a long way ，so it ' s necessary for us to take turns ______________ (drive)5. We should stop the pollutio n _____________ (live) a happier life now.6. If you don' t warm up before taking exercise, you will risk ____________________ (hurt) yourself.7. The museum is ope n to the ________ ( 民众)at the weeke nd8. He didn ' t know the ______ _____ (话题，主题)about the report9. We should wait for our turns to get on the bus ( _____ 礼貌地).10. The boy had a ______ ( 疼痛)in his head and had to see a doctor.二、单项选择：( —( )1. ___ is really hard for them to climb so high.A This__B ItC . ThatD . What( )2. The ______ of new inven ti ons should be to make life easier, not to make it harder.A. rulesB. subjectsC. secretsD. purposes( )3. I have spe nt ______ on this job. I think I can finish it ______ t hisafter noon.A. sometime; sometimeB. sometimes; some timeC. some time; sometimeD. some times; some time( )4. —Sir, please put out your cigarette ( 香烟). —Sorry. I _____ the sig n.A. don ' t no tic eB. did n ' t no ticeC. have n ' t no ticedD. won' tn otice( )5. Check ing your an swers before handing in your paper can help you ___ mistakes.A. makeB. provideC. avoidD. advise( )6. Jack is always ____ to wait for a long time without gett ing an gry.A. too patie ntB. patie nt eno ughC. eno ugh patie ntD. very patie nt( )7. —Mum, can you give me some advice on how to behave myself at the table?—Well, I do have some advice. _______ , please keep quiet while eat ing.A. After allB. Of allC. At allD. Above all( )8. —Do you think the question too hard __ ? —I don ' t thi nk so. He can an swer it easilyA. of Jim to an swerB. of Jim to an swer itC. for Jim to 「an swerD. for Jim to an swer it( )9. There used to be a small pretty river ______ . Now it has turned into tall build in gs.A. at a timeB. all the timeC. at one timeD. from time to time( )10. Remember, boys and girls, _____________ you work, ________ result you will get.A. the better; the harderB. the harder; the goodC. the hard; the betterD. the harder; the better( )11. The film is ________ i n terest ing ___ everyone in our school wants to see it.A. too; thatB. so; thatC. such; thatD. eno ugh; to( )12. The room is __________ small for us _______ .A. so; to live inB. too; to liveC. too; to live inD. so; to live( )13. —You' ve spelt the word wrong aga in, Judy.—Sorry. Maybe I am _____ used to the mistake to think of the right one.A. soB. veryC. quiteD. too( )14. I found her greatly _________ after watchi ng the _____TV programme.A. excited; excitedB. excit ing; excitedC. excit ing; excit ingD. excited; excit ing( )15. —You didn ' t catch the train, did you?— _____ , though I tried my best to get there on time.A. No, I didn ' tB. Yes, I didC. No, I didD. Yes, I didn ' t三、完形填空：(15分)Sometimes you may envy(嫉妒)others when they do a ______ 1__ job than you. It is not strange.If you treat envy in a right way, it can __ 2__ you to move ahead. But if you are always __3__others, the n it is __ 4 __ , because much envy may make you __ 5__ your own life in the end and you have __6 __ time to do somethi ng you are good at. __ 7 __ do you waste time to envy others? Envy _8 ____ cannot cha nge anything. Why not spe nd more time and try your best to __ 9__others? It is up to you. Of course it is easier said than__10__. Maybe you hope not to envy others, to do it, Maybe you tried many times but (制定目标)for 13 , and work hard to realize Whenyou __ it is also very ()1.A bad _ ()2.A. stop ()3. A. movi ng ()4. A. Lucky ()5. A. have ()6. A. much ()7. A. What ()8. A. Them ()9. A. catch ()10. A. thought B. made ()11. A. know ()12. A. No B. less C. hardly ()13. A. others B. the others C. You D. yourself ()14. A. are happy B. work hard C. succeed D. fail aga in ()15. A. possible B. importa nt C. useless D. dan gerous 四、阅读理解：(20分) 12 failed. it. any 13 14 __ , you don ' t need to envy others __15 ___ t o you. B.good B. help C. make B. help ing C. envying D. Stopp ing B. good C.da ngerous D. badly C. lose C. a little C. Why C. themselves B. to have B. more B. When C. worse B. it B. catch up with( C. stopped B. don ' t know but you ___ 11__how Please don ' t lose heart. Set a goal Then you have no time to envy others, more, Isn ' t it true? Believe yourself, D. better D. let D. to lost D. no D. How D. itself 赶上)C. fall behi nd D. help D.done C. wan ted to know D. really knew D. Always (A) On a hot African( 非洲)morning, Leila was lying on her stomach and an elephant was walk ing towards her. Leila waited. Then she pushed the butt on ( I got my best photo of an elephant ever, by lying under my car, ” to get close to the elephants, but of course this was dangerous; they had their babies with 按钮)on her camera. “And Leila expla in ed. “ I wan ted them. So every morning I used to park my car in the ope n air n ear the path. They used to take the same path every morning when they left the water hole. After a week, they were used to see ing my car. So the n ext m ornin g, I lay un der it and got my photo! ” Many of the best wildlife photos come from good planning. In Africa, photographers (摄影师)set up their hides near water holes. They also set up hides near forest paths, as animals use the same paths every night. For bird-watching, many lakes have hides. the hides, bird-watchers can watch all day out of the wind and rain. Good wildlife photos are n eeded for books, postcards, magaz ines and n ewspapers. But a success rate of 1 in 20 is good. ( In side )1.Leila got her best photo of an elepha nt __________ . A. n ear a lake B. un der her car C. in a hole D. in side the hides )2.Photographers in Africa set up hides n ear forest paths, because __________ .A. ani mals take the same pathsB. the hi r des are out of the wind and rainC. they must park their cars thereD. the paths are safe for them)3. Which of the followi ng is true?A. The success rate of taking wildlife photos is 50% at most.B. The elepha nt was frighte ned whe n she saw Leila.C. Bird-watchers usually watch birds n ear forest paths in Africa.D. About 5% of good wildlife photos will be accepted by a magaz ine. )4. How can photographers take good photos from the passage? A By making good preparatio n. B. By using a good camera. C. By sett ing their hides . D. By lying un der the cars. )5. What does the un derli ned word hides mean?A.隐匿处 In most cultures it is usual to greet she first arrived , school one day , she 洞穴 住所 C. 帐篷 (B )， when you meet people you know for the first time during a day them .Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work she knew little about the Chin ese culture of Ian guage B. D. .When . On her way to went to a bank to get some money. To her surprise , the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch . She was surprised at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunch . Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating ( 禾口... 约会)the girl . Since this bank clerk wasa stranger to the British woman , she was very puzzled , and quickly answered that she had eaten already . After this she went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same questi onBy now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled （困惑的）about why they asked it . In the following days, she was asked the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking her this . At last she thought that these people must be concerned about （关心）her health . She was rather thin at the time , and she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating well! In fact, the questi on like that has no real meaning at all ——it is only a greeti ng （）6.Accord ing to the writer, whe n we meet a stra nger, it is ___to greet him or her. A. in terest ing B. com mon C. importa nt D. gen erous （）7.From the passage, we can know that the writer knowA. a lot （）8 」n China, a stra nger will sayA. How are you? D. Nice to meet you? （） 9.ln the writer ' s opinion,B. a little a ___ about Chin ese culture.C. littleD. much when he meets you for the first time. B. How do you do? D. Have you had lunch? the Chinese greeting for the first time means “ A. popular B. meanin gful C. manners D. in vitati on （）10. The writer ' s main purpose in writing this passageA. show himself to be in terested in Chin ese greeti ngB. advise people to follow the Chin ese greet ingC. compla in about （ 抱怨）the Chin ese greeti ngsD. point out the differe nces of the greeti ngs betwee n the differe nt cultures五、任务型阅读（共l0空；每空I 分，计10分） Writi ng a tha nk-you letter can be a great way to express tha nks for a favor （ 恩惠）some one did for you. Con sider （ 考虑）the follow ing steps whe n writi ng your letter,which will help make your thank-you letter more meaningful and sincere （ 真诚的）.Before you start, buy some special stati on ery, such as nice paper or bla nk cards. The since even one-dollar card can be very nice. And or （是..还是...） write it by yourself. while a printed （打印的） thank-you letter looks is most probably to 帮助; stationery doesn ' t have to be expensive, you must decide whether you prefer to type your letter Handwriting has a more personal feeling, more professi on al （ 专业的）. Now, you can start writing. You should express your purpose from the beginning. Start your letter by thanking the person for the gift or service he or she provided. Then you should ex plain how you plan to use the gift or service, or explain how the gift or service has already been used. What' s more, you can also express your feelings on the gift or service by say ing that “ It was a won derful birthday prese nt …” It also helps to men ti on a pers onal feeling such as “I was just so happy with the party. ” In the end, you should mention that you want to see or talk to the pers on aga in soon. For close relatives and frien ds, you can also tell them how much you miss them and express regret （ 遗憾）that their Sign your tha nk- you letter pers on ally or “Take care ” In this way, you will always maintain （ friends and relatives. and with a heart. Try Love in stead （ 代替）of “ Sin cerely ” as it is more for bus in ess. 维持）a pleasant relationship （ visit was short. “Yours truly ” 关系）with your 1 ______ 23 4 ______ 5 ___________ 6 ______ 7 8 9 ______ 10六、短文填空：阅读下面的短文，根据所给首字母提示，用合适的单词填空。
牛津译林版八年级下册 Unit5 Good manners 单元测试卷
8B Unit5 Good manners单元测试卷前进中学一、单项选择（每小题1分，满分10分）1. The second Sunday of May is _____ Mother's Day. It's _____ special day for children to show their love for their mothers.A. a；theB. the; aC. ／；aD. /; the2. -He's already been back from Japan, ______? -______. He is on a visit to Shenzhen.A. isn't he; NoB. hasn't he; YesC. isn't he; YesD. hasn't he; No3. —Boy, didn’t you see people were waiting in line? Don’t______ in!—I am sorry, sir.A. pushB. pullC. putD. carry4. -Could you look after my pet dog for me while I am away? - _______.A. No, thanksB. It's my pleasureC. I'm sure you willD. With pleasure5. 一You've spelt the word wrong again, Judy.一Sorry. Maybe I am ______ used to the mistake to think of the right one.A. soB. veryC. quiteD. too6. Checking your answers before _______ in your paper can help you ______ mistakes.A. handing; makeB. hand; makingC. handing; avoidD. hand; avoiding7. Jack is ______funny_______ make us happy after class.A so; thatB too; toC / ; enough toD enough; to8. The room is ______ small for us ______.A. so; to live inB. too; to liveC. too; to live inD. so; to live9. Checking your answers before handing in your paper can help you _____ mistakes.A. avoidB. provideC. makeD. advise10. I have spent ______ on this job. I think I can finish it ______ this afternoon.A. some time; sometimeB. sometimes; some timeC. sometime; sometimesD. some times; some time二、完型（每小题1分，满分10分）Do you know a little boy named Ryan Wang? If not, let me introduce him to you. Ryan Wang is from Vancouver, Canada. He made a 1 for himself with his fantastic music talent. On The Ellen Show, his 2 skills made everyone surprised. And then the talented and cute boy 3 became very popular and famous. People started to 4 him piano genius (天才). The small pianist gave a performance at the famous Carnegie Hall in March, 2013. He was only five years old then. When Ellen asked how he 5 playing at Carnegie Hall, he said, “I just love it, because I love to perform in front of many people.”It’s hard to believe that Wang learned the piano 6 only 18 months. Wang’s mother said, “I was thinking he was 7 young to play the piano. He cannot even 8 the notes (音符). But he liked it. To my 9 , every time he practiced playing the piano, he almost forgot 10 and put his heart into it. In a short time, he remembered music pieces and played the piano very well.”Everyone has something different from others. Maybe you’re also Ryan Wang if you are hard-working enough and put your heart into it.1. A. promise B. success C. mistake D. pressure2. A. violin B. guitar C. piano D. drum3. A. quickly B. probably C. carefully D. seriously4. A. tell B. call C. ask D. laugh5. A. forgot B. finished C. kept D. enjoyed6. A. since B. for C. in D. after7. A. so B. as C. much D. too8. A. read B. see C. hear D. speak9. A. surprise B. opinion C. advice D. question10. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything三、阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分）ABill finds a job on a farm. He is the strongest and youngest. He eats more, sleeps more, but works less. He doesn’t like to use his head, so he knows little. He has to do some unskilled (无需特殊技能的) work. He always says he’s tired and hopes to have a good rest. So he gets less money than others.Winter is coming. The workers are getting ready for the next year. Only Bill does nothing. The farmer tells him to cut down some trees in the forest. The young man has to go there with a chair. He feels lonely in the forest and is afraid of the animals. So he looks around and sings loudly. Nobody knows what he’s singing. After three days, Bill doesn’t cut down any trees. The farmer feels strange. He wants to find out how the young man is working there. To his angry, Bill is sitting on the chair, cutting the tree. “Why are you sitting here to cut the trees?” asks the farmer. “Because I can’t work if lying , sir.”1. Bill doesn’t like to use his head, so ________.A. he has little knowledgeB. he is young and strongC. he tries to be a farmerD. he finds a job on a farm2. Bill gets less money because ________.A. he sleeps moreB. he does some unskilled workC. he isn’t polite to the farmerD. he eats more3. Bill has to cut down the trees because ________.A. he can do nothing except itB. he likes to stay in the quiet forestC. he can’t get on well with othersD. he is very strong4. Bill is ________ to stay in the forest.A. gladB. angryC. safeD. afraid5. Bill hopes to ________.A. make the farmer happyB. get helpC. lie down in the forestD. cut down more treesBIn most cultures，when you meet people you know for the first time during a day，it is usual togreet them. Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work. When she first arrived，she knew little about the Chinese culture of language. On her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some money. To her surprise，the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch. She was surprised at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating (和...约会) the girl. Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she was very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten already. After this she went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question.By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled (困惑的) about why they asked it. In the following days, she was asked the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking her this. At last she thought that these people must be concerned about(关心) her health. She was rather thin at the time，and she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating well!In fact, the question like that has no real meaning at all —it is only a greeting.6.According to the writer, when we meet a stranger, it is ______ to greet him or her.A. interestingB. commonC. importantD. generous7.From the passage, we can know that the writer know _______ about Chinese culture.A. a lotB. a littleC. littleD. much8.In China, a stranger will say “__________” when he meets you for the first time.A. How are you?B. How do you do?D. Nice to meet you? D. Have you had lunch?9.In the writer’s opinion, the Chinese greeting for the first time means “________”.A. popularB. meaningfulC. mannersD. invitation10.The writer’s main purpose in writing this passage is most probably to _________.A. show himself to be interested in Chinese greetingB. advise people to follow the Chinese greetingC. complain about (抱怨) the Chinese greetingsD. point out the differences of the greetings between the different cultures四、词汇检测（每小题1分，满分20分）A) 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释或通过上下文，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。