unit 2 Reading_-The_Spirit_of_Christmas


He is mean and only thinks about himself, and doesn’t treat others nicely. He just cares about whether he can make more money. So when Christmas comes, he should buy presents for his families, relatives and friends, he has to prepare for a big Christmas meal, then he has to spend a lot of money.
warn to change
T
expect three spirits to visit
warn sb(not)to do 告诫某人(不要)做某事
2c
Para 3
his happier days as a child
how others are spending Christmas this year he is dead but nobody cares
T or F
2. Jacob Marley used to work together with Scrooge.
business partner
T
3. Jacob Marley and Scrooge are different in character. F
used to be like
4. Jacob Marley wants to help Scrooge.
Jacob Marley ___________________
treat nicely/well think about 吝啬的 刻薄的 1. Scrooge is unfriendly to others. T don’考虑 t treat others nicely never laugh or smile mean only think about himself
Para 1
1. What are the common things that people think of for Christmas? Gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus.
2. What’s the true meaning of Christmas? The importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us.
die v 死亡 dead adj 死去的
► His grandpa died 2 days ago. Now he is dead.
Language points
4. …and reminds Scrooge of his happier days as a child. remind sb of sth 使某人回想起…
The spirit of Christmas
1. What does the passage talk about?
It talks about the spirit of Christmas. true meaning 2. How does it tell us ? By telling a story. ghost
Language points
1. He is mean and only thinks about himself. mean adj 吝啬,刻薄 ► Don’t be so mean to your younger brother. mean v 意味着
► It means that your answer is right.
Because he used to be just like Scrooge, God doesn’t like this kind of people.
Yes, he does. Because he warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesn't want to end up like him.
3. He treats everyone with kindness and warmth. treat
4. spread He spreads love and joy everywhere he goes.
After you read…
The spirit of Mid-Autumn Festival
Language points
6. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth. treat sb. with sth 用…招待/对待… kindness kind
warmth
warm
The Spirit of Christmas Language points: 考虑; 1. think about
future
Para 4
How did Scrooge change?
1. He happily celebrates Christmas with his relatives. celebrate
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
2. He gives gifts to people in need. give
8. promise to do
9. treat sb. with sth.
用某物招待某人
Oh, jingle bells, jingle bells Jingle all the way 铃儿叮当响,铃儿叮当响不停 Oh, what fun it is to ride In a one horse open sleigh 哇塞,赶单马雪撬真是好玩极了 Jingle bells, jingle bells Jingle all the way 铃儿叮当响,铃儿叮当响不停 Oh, what fun it is to ride Dashing through the snow in a one horse open sleigh In a one horse open sleigh 哇塞,赶单马雪撬真是好玩极 坐在马拉雪撬上,在风雪中穿行 Over the fields we go Laughing all the way 我们穿过了田野,一路欢声笑语 Bells on bobtails ring Making spirits bright 短尾马脖子上的铃儿叮当响,它们精神更加旺盛 What fun it is to laugh and sing A sleighing song tonight 又笑又唱我们真开心,今晚滑雪歌儿唱不停
► The old photo reminds me of my grandma.
Language points
5. He decides to changes his life and promises to be a better person. decide to do 决定做… promise to do 承诺做…
No, he doesn’t. Because he is mean and only thinks about himself, and doesn’t treat others nicely. He just cares about whether he can make more money. I think nobody likes a friend like Scrooge.
The spirit of Christmas
Section B (2a-2e)
学习目标 1、了解圣诞节的相关知识
What do you know about Christmas? Santa Claus gift/present Christmas tree reindeer Christmas card
Para 2
A Christmas Carol Name:_______________ Novel Kind:_______________
example
Charles Dickens Writer:_______________
Scrooge ___________________
Characters:
meaning n 意思
► What’ the meaning of this word?源自Language points
2. He just cares about whether he can make more money care about 在乎,关心,担心
► Mr. Li really cares about the students in his class.
reunion
inferring
所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息, 推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部 分,从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字 可能是词或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全 文。问题的答案一般针对文章内容和读者应有的 常识,文章中虽然没有明确的答案,但读者在理 解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。
Homework
No pains, no gains. 不劳无获
1. 完成5+3 2. self check 第一部分并翻译
2. care about
关心;照顾
过去常常干某事
3. used to do sth.
4. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人干某事 最终成为;最后处于 5. end up 6. remind sb. of sth. 7. decide to do 提醒某人某事 决定做某事 承诺做某事
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【配套K12】九年级Unit 2Reading The Spirit of Christmas教学设计

【配套K12】九年级Unit 2Reading The Spirit of Christmas教学设计

九年级Unit 2Reading The Spirit ofChristmas教学设计Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!Reading: The Spirit of ChristmasI. Analysis of the teaching material and the target studentsThis unit is about festivals. Students learn about festivals from both China and foreign countries, and talk about festivals and express their opinions on them. In this period, students will read a passage about Christmas, a western festival. Students learn the spirit of Christmas from the story in A Christmas Carol and try to understand the spirit. At the same time, students are expected to improve their xxprehensive language xxpetence, especially reading abilities and develop their cultural awareness.Students in Grade 9 have some abilities in reading and they are familiar with the topic, so it’s easy to arouse students’ interest in this lesson and encourage them to participate in the class actively. However, some students still have problems reading andunderstanding the passage, so the teacher continues to develop students’ reading abilities.II. Teaching aimsBy the end of the class, students will be able to:1. know the key words and phrases :Christmas, lie, novel, eve, dead, business, punish, warn, present, warmth, spread, end up, care about, remind of.2. master some objective clauses and important sentences: Many would agree that when we think of Christmas,we probably think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus. He just cares about whether he can make more money. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.3. use reading strategies to understand the structure and details and learn to use the new reading strategy---inferring.4. use mind map to retell the passage and work together to make a proper conversation.5. understand the spirit of Christmas and share and give love to people around them in their life.6. learn about foreign culture and share Chinese culture with others. III. Teaching important anddifficult points Important points:1. Learn the key words and phrases :Christmas, lie, novel, eve, dead, business, punish, warn, present, warmth, spread, end up, care about, remind of.2. Learn some objective clauses and important sentences: Many would agree that when we think of Christmas,we probably think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus. He just cares about whether he can make more money. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.13. Use reading strategies to understand the structure and details and learn to use the new reading strategy---inferring.4. Use mind map to retell the passage and work together to make a proper conversation. Difficult points:1. Use reading strategies to understand the structure and details and learn to use the new reading strategy---inferring.2. Use mind map to retell the passage and work together to make a proper conversation.IV. Teaching methods and learning methodsThe New English Curriculum advocates TBLT(Task-based Language Teaching) and students are the real masters while the teachers act as directors and bring students’ abilities to full play. In this lesson, I mainly use xxmunicative approach, audio-visual approach and situational approach.Based on PWP approach (Pre-reading, While-reading, Post-reading) Students will participate in various activities like discussion, prediction, skimming, scanning, retelling and performance. V. Teaching aids The Teaching Syllabus says it’s necessary for teachers to use modern teaching facilities, so I use CAI (xxputer-aided instruction) to make the class lively, interesting and effective. And a xxputer, a projector and a blackboard are needed in this class.VI. Teaching procedures Step1 Pre-reading 1. Warming upEnjoy a song “Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays”.Purpose: make students relaxed and interested in this lesson and be ready for the topic.2. Discussion①Discuss what you know about Christmas and createa mind map. ②Learn some new words.Ask students if they know the date, activities, symbols and stories about Christmas and discuss with their partners. After that, I will show some possible answers. Meanwhile, students learn some new words like carol, novel, partner and some new names like Santa Claus, Scrooge and Jacob Marley.Purpose: make students brainstorm what they have already known about Christmas and be ready to know more about Christmas. Learning new words can pave the way for the following reading. 3. PredictionPredict what they will read about according to the title and the pictures. Purpose: make students curious about the passage and get ready for it. Step2 While-reading 1. SkimmingSkim the passage to get the structure and the main idea of each part and each2paragraph.Purpose: make students get a overall understanding of the passage. Here I do not offer students the answersdirectly but give them a tip to teach them how to learn.2. Scanning①Read paragraph 2 and paragraph 4 to find out what Scrooge is like before Christmas and what he’s like after Christmas. ②Infer what changes Scrooge.③Read paragraph 3 and xxplete the chart.④Read paragraph 1 and find out the true spirit of Christmas.Purpose: make students learn the details of the passage to understand it better and learn to use the new strategy---inferring. Make students know the spirit in a natural way.Step3 Post-reading 1. RetellingRetell the passage according to the mind map on the blackboard or the mind map on the screen (with some key words). This is to satisfy the needs of the students in different levelsPurpose: help students to get a better understanding of the passage and consolidate what they have learned. 2. Performance①Watch the video from the movie A Christmas Carol.②Work in a group of four to make a conversationbetween the three ghosts and Scrooge.③Show their performance in front of the class.Purpose: make students creative and cooperative and develop their xxprehensive language xxpetence. Step4 SummarySummarize what they have learned in the passage, the new strategy and the spirit of Christmas.Purpose: make students know what they have learned and what they should master and encourage students to share and give love and joy in their daily life. Step5 Homework①Watch the movie A Christmas Carol in your free time.②Write a letter to your pen pal and tell him/her about your favorite Chinese festival.Purpose: watching the movie can help students understand the story better and it’s also a good way to learn English. Learning foreign festivals and sharing Chinese festivals with others can make students aware of different cultures and respect different cultures.VII. Teaching evaluation1. The teacher’s evaluation throughout the class.2. Peer evaluation in performance.3. Self-evaluation at the end of the class.3VIII. Blackboard designUnit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!Reading: The Spirit of ChristmasIX. Teaching reflectionIn English learning, students are the center of the class and the teacher is just a guide. In English teaching, teachers should not only teach students knowledge, but also teach students how to learn and develop students’ cultural awareness because language and culture are close to each other.4。

人教版英语九年级全册Unit1-6 Section A reading 2b 部份原文及翻译

人教版英语九年级全册Unit1-6 Section A reading 2b 部份原文及翻译

Unit 1 How can we become good learners?Section A2b課文原文:How Can You Become a Successful learner?Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common.如何成为一个成功的学习者?每个人都生来就有学习的能力。

但是,你能否做好这个取决于你的学习习惯。

研究表明,成功的学习者有一些共同的好习惯。

Creating an interest in what they learn对所学的東西创造兴趣Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. For example, if they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. This way they will not get bored.研究表明,如果你对某事感兴趣,你的大脑会更加活跃,而且你更容易长时间地关注它。

unit-2-Reading--The-Spirit-of-Christmas

unit-2-Reading--The-Spirit-of-Christmas

warn sb(not)to do 告诫某人(不要)做某事
第6页,共24页。
2c
Para 3
future
his happier days as a child
how others are spending Christmas this year
he is dead but nobody cares
The importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us.
第4页,共24页。
Para 2
Name:_A__C_h_r_i_s_tm__a_s_C__a_rol Kind:_N_o_v_e_l__________
example
7. decide to do
决定做某事
8. promise to do
承诺做某事
9. treat sb. with sth. 用某物招待某人
第22页,共24页。
Oh, jingle bells, jingle bells Jingle all the way 铃儿叮当响,铃儿叮当响不停
Oh, what fun it is to ride
promise to do 承诺做…
第20页,共24页。
Language points
6. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth. treat sb. with sth 用…招待/对待… kindness kind warmth warm
第21页,共24页。
Dashing through the snow In a one horse open sleigh

【K12学习】九年级Unit 2Reading The Spirit of Christmas教学设计

【K12学习】九年级Unit 2Reading The Spirit of Christmas教学设计

九年级Unit 2Reading The Spirit ofChristmas教学设计Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!Reading: The Spirit of ChristmasI. Analysis of the teaching material and the target studentsThis unit is about festivals. Students learn about festivals from both China and foreign countries, and talk about festivals and express their opinions on them. In this period, students will read a passage about Christmas, a western festival. Students learn the spirit of Christmas from the story in A Christmas Carol and try to understand the spirit. At the same time, students are expected to improve their xxprehensive language xxpetence, especially reading abilities and develop their cultural awareness.Students in Grade 9 have some abilities in reading and they are familiar with the topic, so it’s easy to arouse students’ interest in this lesson and encourage them to participate in the class actively. However, some students still have problems reading andunderstanding the passage, so the teacher continues to develop students’ reading abilities.II. Teaching aimsBy the end of the class, students will be able to:1. know the key words and phrases :Christmas, lie, novel, eve, dead, business, punish, warn, present, warmth, spread, end up, care about, remind of.2. master some objective clauses and important sentences: Many would agree that when we think of Christmas,we probably think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus. He just cares about whether he can make more money. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.3. use reading strategies to understand the structure and details and learn to use the new reading strategy---inferring.4. use mind map to retell the passage and work together to make a proper conversation.5. understand the spirit of Christmas and share and give love to people around them in their life.6. learn about foreign culture and share Chinese culture with others. III. Teaching important anddifficult points Important points:1. Learn the key words and phrases :Christmas, lie, novel, eve, dead, business, punish, warn, present, warmth, spread, end up, care about, remind of.2. Learn some objective clauses and important sentences: Many would agree that when we think of Christmas,we probably think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus. He just cares about whether he can make more money. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.13. Use reading strategies to understand the structure and details and learn to use the new reading strategy---inferring.4. Use mind map to retell the passage and work together to make a proper conversation. Difficult points:1. Use reading strategies to understand the structure and details and learn to use the new reading strategy---inferring.2. Use mind map to retell the passage and work together to make a proper conversation.IV. Teaching methods and learning methodsThe New English Curriculum advocates TBLT(Task-based Language Teaching) and students are the real masters while the teachers act as directors and bring students’ abilities to full play. In this lesson, I mainly use xxmunicative approach, audio-visual approach and situational approach.Based on PWP approach (Pre-reading, While-reading, Post-reading) Students will participate in various activities like discussion, prediction, skimming, scanning, retelling and performance. V. Teaching aids The Teaching Syllabus says it’s necessary for teachers to use modern teaching facilities, so I use CAI (xxputer-aided instruction) to make the class lively, interesting and effective. And a xxputer, a projector and a blackboard are needed in this class.VI. Teaching procedures Step1 Pre-reading 1. Warming upEnjoy a song “Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays”.Purpose: make students relaxed and interested in this lesson and be ready for the topic.2. Discussion①Discuss what you know about Christmas and createa mind map. ②Learn some new words.Ask students if they know the date, activities, symbols and stories about Christmas and discuss with their partners. After that, I will show some possible answers. Meanwhile, students learn some new words like carol, novel, partner and some new names like Santa Claus, Scrooge and Jacob Marley.Purpose: make students brainstorm what they have already known about Christmas and be ready to know more about Christmas. Learning new words can pave the way for the following reading. 3. PredictionPredict what they will read about according to the title and the pictures. Purpose: make students curious about the passage and get ready for it. Step2 While-reading 1. SkimmingSkim the passage to get the structure and the main idea of each part and each2paragraph.Purpose: make students get a overall understanding of the passage. Here I do not offer students the answersdirectly but give them a tip to teach them how to learn.2. Scanning①Read paragraph 2 and paragraph 4 to find out what Scrooge is like before Christmas and what he’s like after Christmas. ②Infer what changes Scrooge.③Read paragraph 3 and xxplete the chart.④Read paragraph 1 and find out the true spirit of Christmas.Purpose: make students learn the details of the passage to understand it better and learn to use the new strategy---inferring. Make students know the spirit in a natural way.Step3 Post-reading 1. RetellingRetell the passage according to the mind map on the blackboard or the mind map on the screen (with some key words). This is to satisfy the needs of the students in different levelsPurpose: help students to get a better understanding of the passage and consolidate what they have learned. 2. Performance①Watch the video from the movie A Christmas Carol.②Work in a group of four to make a conversationbetween the three ghosts and Scrooge.③Show their performance in front of the class.Purpose: make students creative and cooperative and develop their xxprehensive language xxpetence. Step4 SummarySummarize what they have learned in the passage, the new strategy and the spirit of Christmas.Purpose: make students know what they have learned and what they should master and encourage students to share and give love and joy in their daily life. Step5 Homework①Watch the movie A Christmas Carol in your free time.②Write a letter to your pen pal and tell him/her about your favorite Chinese festival.Purpose: watching the movie can help students understand the story better and it’s also a good way to learn English. Learning foreign festivals and sharing Chinese festivals with others can make students aware of different cultures and respect different cultures.VII. Teaching evaluation1. The teacher’s evaluation throughout the class.2. Peer evaluation in performance.3. Self-evaluation at the end of the class.3VIII. Blackboard designUnit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!Reading: The Spirit of ChristmasIX. Teaching reflectionIn English learning, students are the center of the class and the teacher is just a guide. In English teaching, teachers should not only teach students knowledge, but also teach students how to learn and develop students’ cultural awareness because language and culture are close to each other.4。

2014九年级unit-2-阅读The-Spirit-of-Christmas

2014九年级unit-2-阅读The-Spirit-of-Christmas

One Christmas Eve, Scrooge met 3 spirits. Who are the spirits? They are the Ghost of Christmas Past,
the Ghost of Christmas Present and
the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come.
4. Does Jacob Marley want to help Scrooge? How do you know? Yes, because he doesn’t want Scrooge to end up like him. 5. How does Scrooge feel when he wakes up on Christmas Day? He feels so scared, and may be happy because it is not too late. 6. What does Scrooge do after seeing the three spirits?
Who is his business partner?
Jacob Marley, dead, used to be like Scrooge. What did he do? He asked Scrooge to expect 3 spirits to visit him.
What happened?
We usually think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus.
2. Who wrote A Christmas Carol?
Charles Dickens.
3. What is the true meaning or spirit of Christmas?

Unit 2 Reading The spirit of Christmas

Unit 2 Reading  The spirit of Christmas
future
Para 4
How did Scrooge change?
1. He happily celebrates Christmas with his relatives. celebrate 2. He gives gifts to people in need. give
3. He treats everyone with kindness and warmth. treat
4. spread He spreads love and joy everywhere he goes.
The spirit of Christmas
1. What does the passage talk about?
It talks about the spirit of Christmas. true meaning 2. How does it tell us ? By telling a story. ghost
So+… that 从句 _____状语从句?
Lie 多义词:躺 说谎 位于
• If someone is lying, they are saying something which they know is not true. 撒 谎 • I know he's lying. 我知道他在撒谎。 • The islands lie at the southern end of the Hainan island. 这些岛屿位于海南岛的南端
Be + PP
an opera. end up with 以…而告终: vt. 期望;期待;I expect to my uncle.我期望见到我的舅舅
态度(spirit的复数); 预料 精神

人教 英语 九年级全一册 Unit2 SectionB reading (共30张PPT)

A :Sharing B: Love C : Giving joy D :Getting gifts
D
The true spirit of Christmas is the importance of sharing and giving love and joy to the people
around us.
Task1: Free talk 1. What can we learn from
Scrooge ? We can be nice to others …..
Task2:Choose one
1 23
4
56
1.Translate the phrases. (3points)
1.care about 2.end up 3.think of
promises to be a _ person.
1.cares about 2. change, life, better
3.英汉互译(3points)
1.最终成为 2.圣诞精神 3.the importance of
1.end up 2. the spirit of Christmas 3. ………..的重要性
Task 2 What do you know about Christmas? Discuss in groups and create a mind map.
Activities
Date
Christmas
Stories
Symbols
on December 25th
Hale Waihona Puke iving giftsDecorating the Christmas tree
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious.

Unit 2 Section B Reading The Spirit of Christmas 课件 教案

the Ghost of Christmas Present? the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come?
His happier days as a child. How others are spending Christmas this year. He is dead, but nobody cares.
Charles Dickens
版权所有-
When we talk about Christmas, what do you probably think of ?
presents
Santa Claus
版权所有-
1
2 3
Introduction
Charles Dickens
查尔斯· 狄更斯(1812-1870), 英 国著名作家,批判现实主义文 学的主要代表人物,小说作品 主要有 Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》 A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》 Expectations 《远大前程》
其中A Christmas Carol 《圣诞颂歌》中成功塑造 的主人公Scrooge,已成为 西方文学作品中“吝啬鬼” 的经典形象。
版权所有-
The importance What’s the true of sharingof and giving ? meaning Christmas love and joy to people around us.
Which story is the best example of this?
Ghost of Christmas Past 圣诞过去之

business partners
Scrooge

the-spirit-of-Christmas说课稿

兰州市第一届中小学、幼儿园教师高效课堂教学大赛说课稿授课教师:金春霞授课内容:Unit 2 I think that mooncakes aredelicious Section B 2a—-2e授课时间:2017年5月13日工作单位:兰州市第八十三中学Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciousSection B 2a——2e尊敬的各位老师,大家好:我今天说课的内容是人教版新目标九年级全册第二单元B部分的阅读,题目是The Spirit of Christmas.圣诞节是西方国家重大的节日,这篇文章为学生了解西方国家文化提供了一个重要的平台.对于本节说课,我分为九部分,下面我一一来说:一、分析教材整个第二单元的内容都是关于一些传统节日,在学习这篇阅读之前,学生对圣诞节已经有所了解,甚至还过圣诞节,这就大大提高了他们学习这篇阅读的兴趣;而且,短文中涉及到的宾语从句在A部分中已经学过,所以学生把握文章应该不成问题。

二、分析学生学生了解圣诞节,之前对新单词也有所掌握,而且对于小组合作,游戏教学,情景创设等教学方式也比较熟悉,所以能够有一个气氛比较轻松活跃的课堂.三、教学目标知识与技能目标中,要让学生学会一些短语的表达,比如the importance of,used to be等,进一步掌握宾语从句,要理解文章,读懂圣诞节的真正意义;过程与方法目标中,要训练学生小组合作解决问题的能力以及思考创新的能力;情感态度价值观中,我们学习西方文化,更好的理解圣诞节的真正含义,学会分享幸福和快乐.四、教学重难点要很好的理解这篇文章,并且学会在阅读过程中推测词义,学会略读、浏览等技巧都是重点;另外,更好的掌握宾语从句,既是本课的重点也是本课的难点。

五、教学准备课本,粉笔,录音机等,如果可以有幻灯片辅助就更好了六、教学思路为了提高学生的兴趣,更好的把握文章,用学生比较熟悉的一些圣诞文化导入课题,比如歌曲,圣诞老人等,在阅读的过程中,采用问题启发,小组合作等方式解决问题,最后还有拓展讨论,让学生自由表达自己的观点,已达到学有所得。

人教版英语九全Unit 2 Section B(The Spirit of Christmas)(共31张PPT)

● The story in A Christmas Carol is perhaps the best example of this.
1.What are the common things that people think of for Christmas? 2.What is the true meaning of Christmas? 3.How does the passage show us the true meaning of Christmas? A. By telling a story B. By giving reasons
Main character
characters Scrooge Jacob Marley (ghost)
the Ghost of Christmas Past the Ghost of Christmas Present the Ghost of Christmas
YfeutttuorCeome
Para 2
written by English writer
Charles Dickens. It tells the story of bitter old miser (痛苦的 老守财奴)-Scrooge.
Para 2 Para 3 kind
Novel
A Christmas Carol
writer Charles Dickens
Para 2: the ghost of Jacob Marley
Why was Marley punished after he died?
●One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley, his dead business partner.
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