2017年对外经济贸易大学会计学考研专业英语复习笔记5—新祥旭考研辅导

Income statement损益表

The income statement(or profit and loss statement)is a statement that shows the results of operations of a business over a period of time.

Revenues:the amounts of assets that a business earns as a result of selling goods or rendering services.

Expenses:the amounts of assets that a business uses up in the process of generating revenues.

Net income/net loss:difference between revenues and expenses.

Statement of cash flow现金流量表（question题）

Statement of cash flow：Depicts the ways cash has changed during a designated period of time. Operating activities include the cash effects of revenue and expense transactions.

Investing activities include the cash effects of purchasing and selling assets.

Financing activities include the cash effects of transactions with the owners and creditors.

The balances of the Statement of Cash Flow should be the same as the cash balance in Balance Sheet.

Relationships among Financial Statements（注意）

The balance sheet represents an expansion of the accounting equation and explains the various categories of assets,liabilities,and owners’equity.

The income statement explains changes in financial position that result from profit-generating transactions in terms of revenue and expenses transactions.The resulting number,net income, represents an addition to the owners’equity in the enterprise.

The statement of cash flows explains the ways cash increased and decreased during the period in terms of the enterprise’s operating,investing,and financing activities.

Forms of Business Organizations(这三种形式的英文表述会写)

The Use of Financial Statements by External Parties:

Two concerns:Solvency(偿债能力)Profitability(盈利能力)

The Need for Adequate Disclosure:Notes to the financial statements often provide facts necessary for the proper interpretation of the statements

The concept of disclosure is an important GAAP.Adequate disclosure means that users of financial statements are informed of any facts necessary for the proper interpretation of the statements.Adequate disclosure is made in the body of the financial statements and in notes accompanying these statements.It is not unusual to find a series of notes to financial statements that are longer than the statements themselves.充分披露概念是一条重要的公认会计原则。充分披露意味着财务报表的使用者知晓对于正确解释报表所必需的任何事实。充分披露可以在财务报表的表体部分进行，也可以在报表所附的注释中进行。我们常常会发现财务报表的注释要比报表本身长。

A strong statement of financial position is one that shows relatively little debt and large amounts of liquid assets relative to the liabilities due in the near future.

A strong income statement is one that shows large revenues relative to the expenses required to earn the revenues.

A strong statement of cash flows is one that not only shows a strong cash balance but also indicates that cash is being generated by operations.