英语风格翻译
4-1英语翻译技巧-直、意、音、形译
英语翻译方法：直译、意译、音译、形译随着社会的进步和科技的发展，新的发明创造不断涌现，随之也就出现了描述这些事物的新术语。
在科技英语翻译中，我们常常碰到如何把这类术语译成适当的汉语的问题。
通常，有以下约定俗成的方法。
1、直译：所谓“直译”既忠实原文内容，又符合原文结构形式,能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。
在科技文献中商标、牌号、型号和表示特定意义的字母均可不译，直接使用原文，只译普通名词：B -52 E bomber B-52 E轰炸机Kubota Mobile Crane Model KM-150 库宝塔KM-150型流动式起重机另外，科技术语的译名应注意规范化。
凡约定俗成的译名，不要随意更动。
正如鲁迅先生指出不能把“高尔基”译成“郭尔基”一样。
直译与死译英、汉语结构有相同一面，汉译时可照译，但这两种语言之间还有许多差别，如完全照译，势必出现“英化汉语”，这时就需要“意译”，在忠实原文内容前提下，摆脱原文结构束缚，使译文符合汉语规范。
特别要注意是：“直译”不等于“死译”，“意译”也不等于“乱译”。
试比较：原文结构与汉语结构是一致，照译即可。
但如果原文结构与汉语不一致，仍然采取直译方法，就成“死译”了。
如：①、In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂，电子计算机控制整个生产线。
（直译）②、The earth acts like a big magnet．地球作用着像一块大磁铁。
（死译）③、Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。
（死译）例②、例③既不忠实原意，又不符合汉语表达方式。
因此，必须运用“词类转换”广成分转换”、“词（语）序调整”等手段使译文通顺。
散文翻译中的风格再现——以The Sea and the Wind That Blows为例
- 230 -校园英语 /散文翻译中的风格再现——以The Sea and the Wind That Blows为例扬州大学/秦楠散文是一种自由的文体，在各种文体中它的边界最为模糊。
英语中的散文“prose ”是一个很宽泛的概念，对它有着广义和狭义两种理解。
广义的“prose ”是指与诗歌相对立的文体，而狭义的“prose ”是指诗歌、小说、戏剧以外的所有具有文学性的散行文章，相当于中国文学中的散文、随笔或小品文。
散文创作的生命在于风格的鲜明，散文翻译的关键在于风格的再现。
在翻译时，不仅要传达原文信息，还要尽量展现原文的风格和韵味。
风格上的忠实不仅体现在遣词造句上，更体现在句式和整体结构上，完全反映原文的语气，即做到“神似”。
鉴于此，本文以E·B·怀特的散文《大海和海风》(The Sea and the Wind That Blows)的汉译 为例，试探讨散文翻译过程中风格再现的问题。
一、浅谈翻译之风格1989年版的《辞海》这样定义“风格”——风格是“作家、艺术家在创作中所表现出来的艺术特色和创作个性。
作家、艺术家由于生活经历、立场观点、艺术素养、个性特征的不同，在处理题材、驾驭体裁、描绘形象、表现手法和运用语言等方面都各有特色，这就形成作品的风格。
风格体现在文艺作品内容和形式的各要素中。
”在散文翻译中，译者既要从宏观上准确把握原文的风格，深入理解和体会原文的总体艺术效果，也要从微观上剖析原文的句法结构和字词推敲，充分领悟和感受作者所做出的词汇和句式选择在总体上达到了怎样的效果。
在对原文风格整体把握的基础上，译者在翻译过程中，既要做到译文整体形神皆备，传达出原文的神韵气势，又要做到词句选择恰到好处，保持原文的韵律节奏和情感色彩。
译者的个人风格应该尽可能适应原文的风格，达到与原文风格的和谐统一。
The Sea and the Wind That Blows 是美国当代著名散文家、评论家E·B·怀特(1899－1985)的随笔，“其文风冷峻清丽，辛辣幽默，自成一格”。
样式的英文名词
样式的英文名词
1. Artistic style: 艺术风格，指艺术家或艺术作品所呈现的独特形式、技巧和表现方式。
2. Writing style: 写作风格，指作者在书面表达中所使用的语言、结构、词汇和语气等特点。
3. Fashion style: 时尚风格，指个人在服装、配饰、发型等方面所展现的独特品味和风格。
4. Architectural style: 建筑风格，指建筑设计中所体现的特定时期、地区或文化的特征和形式。
5. Interior design style: 室内设计风格，指室内装饰和布置所采用的特定主题、色彩、材质和家具等元素。
6. Graphic design style: 平面设计风格，指平面设计作品中所运用的视觉元素、排版和色彩等方面的特点。
7. Decorative style: 装饰风格，指在室内、室外或艺术品中使用的装饰元素和手法。
8. Culinary style: 烹饪风格，指厨师在准备和呈现食物时所采用的特定技巧、配料和口味。
9. Leadership style: 领导风格，指领导者在管理和指导团队时所展现的行为和方法。
10. Personal style: 个人风格，指个体在行为、言语、穿着和表达等方面所表现出的独特方式。
这些只是 "style" 一词的部分英文名词表达方式，具体的含义和用法会根据上下文和领域而有所不同。
不同体型的人的穿衣风格英语作文加翻译
不同体型的人的穿衣风格英语作文加翻译Pear shape figure features: the upper body is relatively thin, thin shoulder and back, slim waist, hip wide hip, thigh root thick Pear shape is the epitome of many Asian people's figure, because long-term incorrect walking posture and long sitting posture, may lead to the accumulation of fat in the lower body, the upper body thin and the lower body fat is the main characteristics of the pear shape. Wear and build principle: weaken hip leg curve, enhance strengths and avoid weaknesses. The choice of pear-shaped body lower clothing needs repeated consideration, too tight or too gorgeous color will make the volume of the lower body instant expansion, is not conducive to showing high and thin, compared to the left and right trouser on the leg line modification, you will find the mystery. Show off upper body strengths, such as a slender neck, slender shoulders, and long wrists. Pear-shaped body slender limbs are advantages, try not to cover them up tightly, such as the above method is very suitable for pear-shaped shape of the girl, wrist, ankle, collarbone can effectively attract the attention of others, so as to weaken the attention to the hip hip position.Apple figure figure characteristics: and pear shape figure on the contrary, apple shape body limbs are relatively slim, but the fat are all stored in the waist and waist position, waist is significantly larger than the hip circumference, shoulder and back is relatively thick, often give aperson a "tiger back bear waist" feeling. Apple shape 'girls don't want to wear tight clothes trying to out a curve, the effect will be counterproductive, as a proud flesh, the correct approach should be to choose H type fluent line, can modify figure, and not exposed shortcomings, and tight two totally different concepts of cultivate one's morality, also is two completely different state of comfort. Use shoulder-fitting clothes to modify the round shoulders and thick back. Create a V-shaped line that lengthwise stretches the line of sight and reduces the heaviness of the upper body. Enhance the waist line, highlight women's curves.梨形身材特点：上半身比较瘦、肩背薄、腰部纤细、臀大胯宽、大腿根部粗。
音乐术语(英语翻译表)
a tempo回原速abbandono无拘无束的，纵情的acoustic声音学的，音响效果的a cappella无伴奏合唱a capriccio无事先准备的，随意发挥的accel加快的，accelerado的缩写accentato加重音的，加重的adagio慢板agitato激动地Adagio柔板Adagio assai很慢的柔板Andante行板Andantino小行板affettato矫柔造作的affettatamente装模作样的affettuoso感情丰富的affrettando快速的Allegretto non troppo不过分的小快板Allegretto poco mosso稍快的小快板album专集，音乐集alla marcia进行曲风格alla如同……一样的alla francese法兰西风格alla polacca波拉卡风格alla spagnuola西班牙风格alla turca土耳其风格all arg逐渐加强，逐渐变慢，声音愈加饱满allegramente欢快的，兴致昂然的allegrissimo极快的allegretto稍快板allegro快板，急速的，快节奏的alt最高调，最高调的altieramente极快的alto clef中音谱号amabile和蔼可亲的，可爱的amorosamente温柔的，亲爱的amoroso温柔的，亲爱的andante行板，行板乐曲，缓慢的a nimato活泼的，富有生气的，快的aperto开朗的appassionato热情奔放的，热心的attacca紧接下段B baldo勇敢的，豪壮的ballade叙事曲，歌谣barcarolle船歌bar line小节线bass男低音，低音，贝司bassoon低音管，巴松管bass clef低音谱号bass drum低音鼓battuta拍子，特指一小节内第一个重拍ben特别强调的blocks双头木鱼brioso充满活力地breve二全音符breve rest二全休止符brillante辉煌的，华丽的bis重复一次bizzaro奇怪的，怪异的bongoes连体鼓bow提琴的琴弓buffo可笑的，喜剧的，滑稽地burlesco戏谑的，诙谐的Ccalando渐缓且渐弱calmato恬静的caminando流畅的，进行的cantabile似歌的cantando如歌的capriccioso自由的，随想的caprice随想曲，畅想曲，奇想曲capricciesamente自由的，随想的celesta钢片琴cello大提琴clarinet竖笛，单簧管（黑管）crotchet四分音符crotchet rest四分休止符cresc渐强claves音棒classics古典音乐chorus合唱，和声，合唱队col canto紧随的旋律comodo自在地come sopra如同那边的一样come好象，如同con abbandono纵情奔放地con affetto感情丰富地，多情地con amore温柔地，亲爱地con ammabilita和蔼地，亲切地calando渐缓且渐弱calmato恬静的con brio生气勃勃地，有活力地concert音乐会con entusiasmo热情地con espressione富有表现力地con delicatezza精细地，娇柔地concerto协奏曲con grazio典雅地，优美地con moto稍快的con forza有力地con fuoco狂热地，热情地con spirito有精神地cominciata开头，曲首com modo舒适的，自在的con同，带着con malinconia忧郁消沉地con slancio强有力地，猛烈地con spirito富有生气地con strepito吵闹地，嘈杂地，震耳欲聋地con trasporto得意忘形地con vigore富有精力地，强健地conductor指挥contralto女底音，女底音手cymbal铜钹，土耳其镲Ddance舞曲deciso坚定地delicatamente精细的，娇柔的delicato精细的，娇柔的deejay（DJ）播放音乐的人，DJ delicatezza细致的Doppio movimento加倍快dolente怨诉地dolce温柔的，甜美的dolce ondeggiando温柔的颤动dolcissimo非常温柔的，甜美的dolente悲痛的，哀伤的doloroso悲痛的doppio成倍，双重doppio lunghezza di tempo慢一倍doppio movimento快一倍double bass低音提琴double bar line双小节线dim渐弱di地，用，自，的di soppiano用低音的，温柔的di sopra如上边direct指挥disperato失望的，绝望的distinto清晰的divoto诚恳的，忠诚的drammatico戏剧性的drum鼓drumstick鼓槌Eenergico精力充沛地e与，而ed与，而egualmente同样地，平稳地，均匀地elegante幽雅的，高尚的en在……，……地，按照……风格energico精力充足的entusiastico热情的，热烈的eroico英勇的，庄严的espressiove有表情et与，而etude练习曲Ffantasy幻想曲fastoso华丽的，浮夸的fantastico幻想地feroco粗野的，狂暴的festivo有朝气地f强ff很强fresco朝气蓬勃的，清新的french horn圆号，法国号fret琴柱，挡子fz突强forza力量fp强后即弱flebile悲哀的，沉痛的flat降调flat sign降号flute横笛，长笛，笛子finale终曲fiero勇猛的，骄傲的funebre悲哀的，凄惨的，葬礼的furioso狂暴地>或<重音记号GGrave庄板gaio快乐的，愉悦的generoso慷慨的，高尚的glissando滑奏，钢琴上的刮奏glockenspiel钟琴，铁琴grave沉重地grazioso幽雅的、优美地giocoso愉快的，游戏的，幽默的giusto合适的，恰当的giandioso华丽地、壮丽地guerriero勇敢的，威武的guiros瓜（一种利用刮削摩擦发声的拉丁美洲乐器）guitar吉他Hharp竖琴harpsichord羽管钢琴（拨管古钢琴）Hi Fi set高保真音响honky-tonk piano酒吧钢琴horn号，号角Iin tempo按原速Impetuoso急速地、如暴风兩般Innocente纯洁地LLargo广板Larghetto小广板Lagrimoso哭泣地largamente宽广地Lamentabile悲伤地legayo连音legato assai很连贯legatissimo最连音Lento慢板Leggiero轻快地llargando渐慢并渐强Lugubre阴郁地MMaestoso隆重地、庄严地Marcato着重地、清晰地、强调Martiale象进行曲Mesto悲哀地、忧伤地mf中强memo mosso稍慢molto mosso很快的molto rit渐慢很多mp中弱molto allegro很快的molto adagio很缓慢的Moderado中板Misterioso神秘地Morendo逐渐消失Nnon legato非连音nobilmente高雅地Ppathetic悲怆地passionate热情洋溢地Parlando说话似地Pastorale田园风味地Pesante沉重地Prestissimo最急板Presto急板poco a poco rit一点一点地渐慢poco lento稍慢portato次断音poco meno mosso稍放慢的pp很弱p弱piu Allegro更快piu Andante更慢piu moto更快的piu mosso更快的Pomposo壮丽地、光辉地QQuieto宁静地Rrall渐慢，rallendando的缩写rapido迅速的rit,ritard渐慢的，ritardando的缩写Rubato节奏自由risoluto果断地ritenuto突慢的Religilso崇拜地Rigoroso严格地、准确地Risoluto决断地Rustico乡村风味地Sscherzando幽默地、诙谐地sempre stacc一直用断音senza accel不要渐快staccatostaccatissimo▲断音sf突强spirito精神饱满地sotto voce很弱的声音sostenuto持续地sempre p始终保持弱semplice朴素地、单纯地sempre继续地sentimento多愁善感地stringendo加紧（加快）Smorzando逐渐消失Soavemente和蔼地Sonore嘹亮地Spianato纯朴地Strepitoso喧哗地、风暴似地Ttenuto保持Tranquillo安静地VVigoroso强大地、豪爽地vivace活泼地vivo活跃地vibration振动sound音tone音（乐音）musical tone乐音noise噪音acoustics声学psychoacoustics心理声学frequency频率intensity强度time时间wave form波形pitch音高loudness响度duration时值timbre音色(tone color or quality)tuning fork音叉pure tone纯音complex tone复音(composite tone) overtone(s)泛音(aliquot tone,harmonics,flageolet tone即upper partials)overtone series泛音列partial(s)分音(partial tone)fundamental(tone)基音(first partial)step音级(scale step,degree)accidental(s)变音记号sharp升号flat降号double-sharp重升号double-flat重降号nature还原号intonation音准octave八度range音域(compass)(voice)register音区small c小字组cgreat C大字组Ccontra C大字二组Cunaccented octave小字组one-lined octave小字一组(one-line)two-lined octave小字二组(two-line) three–lined octave小字三组(three-line) four-line octave小字四组(four-line) temperament乐律tempered scale平均律(equal temperament)just intonation纯律pitch name音名enharmonic notes等音(whole)tone全音half-tone半音natural half-tone自然半音natural tone自然全音chromatic tone变化全音chromatic half-tone变化半音notation记谱法staff乐谱treble clef高音谱号bass clef低音谱号clef谱号(G clef,F clef,C clef) note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符(whole note，美) minim二分音符(half note，美)crotchet四分音符(quarter note，美) quaver八分音符(eighth note，美) semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenth note，美)demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-second note，美)hemidemisemi quaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourth note，美)dot附点double dot复附点dotted note附点音符dotted rest附点休止符score总谱leger line(s)加线(ledger line(s))head符头stem符干hook符尾(tail)space间line线tie延音线pause延长号(hold,fermata)bar小节(bar line小节线,measure)legato连音，连奏staccato断音，断奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relative pitch相对音高（听觉）absolute pitch绝对音高（听觉）sight-singing视唱fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音调唱名法lyra乐徽rhythm节奏rhythmic pattern节奏型accent重音syncopation切分音meter拍子(time)duple meter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)triple meter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8) quadruple meter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8) common meter普通拍子(4/4)simple meter(s)单拍子compound meter(s)复拍子compound duple meter(s)复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compound triple meter(s)复三拍子(9/4,9/8) compound quadruple meter(s)复四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuple meter五拍子time signature拍号multi-meter变化拍子irregular meter（不规则）混合拍子(7/4,11/7)Metronome节拍机(M.M.=Malzel’s~) duplet二连音triplet三连音quadruplet四连音quintuplet五连音sextuplet六连音septuplet七连音tempo速度dynamics力度tempo mark(s)速度标记dynamic mark(s)力度标记mode调式（狭指教会调式；广指调式）scale音阶key调tonality调性atonality无调性bitonality双重调性polytonality多调性major大调minor小调key signature调号pentatonic五声的natural自然的melodic旋律的harmonic和声的whole-tone全音的chromatic半音的ascending上行descending下行scale degree（调式）音级tonic(I)主音，主和弦supertonic(II)上主音，上主和弦mediant(III)中音，中音和弦subdominant(IV)下属音，下属和弦dominant(V)属音，属和弦submediant(VI)下中音，下中音和弦(super-dominant)leading tone(VII)导音，导和弦(subtonic)broken chord分解和弦altered chord变和弦false chord假和弦resolution解决relative keys关系大小调parallel keys同主音调interval音程melodic interval旋律音程harmonic interval和声音程root根音（fundamental）scale step音级（音级数：number of scale step）simple interval单音程compound interval复音程enharmonic intervals等音程inversion转位（complement）minor小（音程）major大（音程）perfect完全，纯（音程）augmented增（音程）diminished减（音程）double-augmented倍增（音程）double-diminished倍减（音程）unison同度，一度（prime）second二度third三度fourth四度fifth五度sixth六度seventh七度octave八度ninth九度tenth十度eleventh十一度twelfth十二度tri-tone三全音diatonic interval自然（音程）chromatic interval变化（音程）consonant协和（音程、和弦）dissonant不协和（音程、和弦）chord和弦triad三和弦major triad大三和弦minor triad小三和弦diminished triad减三和弦augmented triad增三和弦root position原位first inversion第一转位second inversion第二转位third inversion第三转位sixth chord六和弦sixth-four chord四六和弦seventh chord七和弦dominant seventh chord属七和弦diminished seventh chord减七和弦ninth chord九和弦augmented sixth chord增六和弦Added-sixth chord加六度和弦fourth chord四度和弦tone-cluster音簇harmony和声学harmonic analysis和声分析functional harmony功能和声modulation转调transposition移调chromatic scale半音阶diatonic scale自然音阶passing tone经过音neighboring tone辅助音（auxiliary tone，upper or lower）anticipation先现音suspension延留音ornament（s）装饰音trill颤音mordent波音（upper mordent）inverted mordent逆波音（lower mordent；早期称Schneller）double mordent复波音inverted turn回音arpeggio琶音melody旋律repetition重复unity统一variety变化variation变奏theme with variation主题与变奏comparison对比augmentation展开climax高潮sequence模进melodic sequence旋律模进harmonic sequence和声模进melodic progression旋律进行melodic contour旋律轮廓motive动机development发展thematic material主题材料phrase乐句phrasing分句period乐段cadence终止perfect cadence完全终止imperfect cadence不完全终止half cadence半终止authentic cadence正格终止plagal cadence变格终止interrupted cadence阻碍终止deceptive cadence伪终止musical form曲式one-part form一段式，一部曲式binary form二段式，二部曲式（AB）rounded binary form（有再现的）二段式ternary form三段式，三部曲式（ABA）four-part form四段式five-part form五段式variation form变奏曲式（A，A1，A2，A3…）strophic form分节歌（a，a，a，a…）rondo form回旋曲式（ABACA）sonata form奏鸣曲式exposition呈示部development展开部recapitulation再现部rondo sonata form回旋奏鸣曲式movement乐章prelude前奏（曲）interlude间奏（曲）coda尾声trio三声中部cadanza华彩乐段musical form体裁reduction改编（缩编）trio三重奏quartet四重奏quintet五重奏opera歌剧ballet芭蕾chorus合唱choir合唱团choral music合唱音乐cantata康塔塔mass弥撒oratorio清唱剧passion受难曲symphony交响曲concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲sonatina小奏鸣曲band军乐队band music军乐etude练习曲march进行曲jazz爵士乐overture序曲ballata叙事曲inter mezzo间奏曲waltz圆舞曲，华尔兹allemande阿勒曼德courante库朗特sarabande萨拉班德gigue吉格bourree布列polonaise波洛涅兹tarantella塔兰台拉govotte加沃特chaconne恰空passacaglia帕萨卡利亚capriccio随想曲fantasia幻想曲lullaby摇篮曲tango探戈habanera哈巴涅拉madrigal牧歌choral众赞歌reguiem安魂曲symphonic poem交响诗toccata托卡塔serenade小夜曲nocturn夜曲rhapsody狂想曲minuet小步舞曲recitative宣叙调aria咏叹调songs without word无词歌invention创意曲scherzo谐谑曲mazurka玛祖卡polka波尔卡fox trot狐步舞blues布鲁斯rumba伦巴disco迪斯科suite组曲fugue赋格instrumental music器乐musical instrument乐器instrumentation乐器法orchestra管弦乐队orchestration配器法conductor指挥concert master首席podium指挥台wood wind instruments木管乐器piccolo短笛flute长笛oboe双簧管clarinet单簧管（黑管）bass clarinet低音单簧管bassoon大管（巴松）contrabassoon低音大管English horn英国管brass wind instruments铜管乐器French horn圆号，法国号trumpet小号cornet短号trombone长号tuba大号bass tuba低音大号double bass tuba倍低音大号tenor tuba次中音大号bass低音号saxophone萨克斯管euphonium尤风宁号percussion（s）打击乐kettle drum定音鼓bass drum大鼓tenor drum中鼓side drum小鼓triangle三角铁chimes排钟marimba玛林巴tubular bells管钟glockenspiel钟琴vibraphone颤音琴castanets响板whip鞭响器rattle摇响器anvil乐砧tambourine铃鼓tabor塔波鼓bongo邦戈鼓gong锣temple block木鱼wood block南梆子，盒梆cymbal钹harp竖琴xylophone木琴piano钢琴pedal踏板stringed instruments弦乐器violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴double bass低音提琴guitar吉他lute疏特琴harpsichord拨弦古钢琴clavier（18世纪）键盘乐器organ风琴pipe organ管风琴accordion手风琴keyboard键盘（乐）vocal music声乐bel canto美声a cappella无伴奏合唱voice人声，声部soprano女高音coloratura soprano花腔女高音lyric soprano抒情女高音dramatic soprano戏剧女高音mezzo soprano次女高音，女中音tenor男高音dramatic tenor戏剧男高音bariton男中音bass男低音unison齐奏（唱）solo独奏（唱）duet二重奏ensemble合奏（团体）stage舞台theater剧场，戏剧Renaissance文艺复兴Rococo洛可可Baroque巴洛克Classicism古典主义Romanticism浪漫主义Impressionism印象主义Nationalism in music民族乐派Anti-impressionism反印象主义Realism现实主义Serialism序列主义Primitivism原始主义Expressionism表现主义Microtonalism微分音主义Neoclassicism新古典主义Structuralism结构主义Concrete Music具体音乐Accidentalism偶然主义Minimalism省略（简约）主义Pointillism点描派monophonic music单声部音乐homophony主调homophonic music主调音乐polyphony复调polyphonic music复调音乐counterpoint对位program music标题音乐absolute music纯音乐，非标题音乐abstract music抽象音乐套曲Cycle一种由多乐章组合而成的大型器乐曲或声乐器组曲Suite由几个具有相对独立性的器乐曲组成的乐曲奏鸣曲Sonata指类似组曲的器乐合奏套曲。
英语翻译家基础：专业术语翻译
翻译研究词典1. Absolute Translation 绝对翻译按照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求而采用的七种翻译类型之一。
在绝对翻译中，整个源文本被转换成目标语，对原文内容和形式都不加以改动。
According to Gouadec, one of seven types of translation which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation requirements which can arise during the course of their work. In absolute translation, the whole of ST is transferred into TL, with no alteration to the content or the form of the original document.2. Abstract Translation 摘要翻译古阿德克提出的用以应付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之一。
摘要翻译是将源文本的全部信息扼要译出，目的是让客户“迅速得到特定类型的信息”。
其方法有多种：第一种是翻译源文本的一般主题思想；第二种是概述源文本的主要内容、文本主旨及次要内容；第三种是节录源文本中一切有用的内容。
According to Gouadec, one of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfill the various translation needs which arise in a professional environment. In abstract translation, a condensed translation of all the information in ST is made in order to give the client "rapid access to specific types of information". This may be done in various ways. Firstly, the generic themes of the text may be translated; secondly, a description may be given of the generic content and the objectives of the text and its sub-units; thirdly, an abridged translation of all the useful content of the text may be supplied.3. Abusive Translation 滥译路易斯用来表示文学翻译中极端做法的一个术语。
英语翻译家基础：专业术语翻译
翻译研究词典1. Absolute Translation 绝对翻译按照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求而采用的七种翻译类型之一。
在绝对翻译中，整个源文本被转换成目标语，对原文内容和形式都不加以改动。
According to Gouadec, one of seven types of translation which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation requirements which can arise during the course of their work. In absolute translation, the whole of ST is transferred into TL, with no alteration to the content or the form of the original document.2. Abstract Translation 摘要翻译古阿德克提出的用以应付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之一。
摘要翻译是将源文本的全部信息扼要译出，目的是让客户“迅速得到特定类型的信息”。
其方法有多种：第一种是翻译源文本的一般主题思想；第二种是概述源文本的主要内容、文本主旨及次要内容；第三种是节录源文本中一切有用的内容。
According to Gouadec, one of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfill the various translation needs which arise in a professional environment. In abstract translation, a condensed translation of all the information in ST is made in order to give the client "rapid access to specific types of information". This may be done in various ways. Firstly, the generic themes of the text may be translated; secondly, a description may be given of the generic content and the objectives of the text and its sub-units; thirdly, an abridged translation of all the useful content of the text may be supplied.3. Abusive Translation 滥译路易斯用来表示文学翻译中极端做法的一个术语。
作品风格翻译英语作文
作品风格翻译英语作文The Art of Translation in English Writing。
Translation is an art, and when it comes to translating the style of a piece of writing, it requires skill, creativity, and a deep understanding of both the original language and the target language. In this essay, we will explore the art of translating the style of a piece of writing from Chinese to English, and how to maintain the original work's essence while adapting it to a different cultural and linguistic context.When translating the style of a piece of writing, it is important to first understand the unique characteristics of the original work. This includes the tone, the use of language, the cultural references, and the overall aesthetic of the writing. For example, if the original work is a poem, the translator must pay close attention to the rhythm, the imagery, and the emotional resonance of the language. If the original work is a piece of prose, thetranslator must consider the narrative voice, the pacing, and the nuances of the language.Once the translator has a deep understanding of the original work, they can then begin to consider how to adapt the style of the writing to the target language. This requires a keen understanding of both languages, as well as a creative approach to capturing the essence of theoriginal work while making it accessible and engaging to readers in the target language.One of the key challenges in translating the style of a piece of writing is maintaining the original work's voice and aesthetic while also making it feel natural and authentic in the target language. This requires a delicate balance of staying true to the original work while also being willing to make creative choices that may deviate from the literal translation in order to capture the spirit of the writing.For example, if the original work uses cultural references that may not be familiar to readers in thetarget language, the translator may need to find creative ways to convey the same meaning using references that are more accessible to the target audience. Similarly, if the original work uses language that is particularly poetic or lyrical, the translator may need to find ways to evoke the same emotional resonance in the target language, even if it means deviating from a literal translation.In addition to maintaining the original work's voice and aesthetic, the translator must also consider the nuances of the target language and culture. This includes understanding the idiomatic expressions, the cultural references, and the stylistic conventions of the target language, and finding ways to adapt the style of thewriting to fit within these parameters while still capturing the essence of the original work.Ultimately, translating the style of a piece of writing is a complex and nuanced process that requires skill, creativity, and a deep understanding of both the original and target languages and cultures. By carefully considering the unique characteristics of the original work and findingcreative ways to adapt its style to the target language, a skilled translator can capture the essence of the original work while making it accessible and engaging to readers in a different cultural and linguistic context.In conclusion, the art of translating the style of a piece of writing from Chinese to English requires a deep understanding of both languages and cultures, as well as a creative approach to capturing the essence of the original work while making it accessible and engaging to readers in the target language. By maintaining the original work's voice and aesthetic while also considering the nuances of the target language and culture, a skilled translator can create a translation that is faithful to the original work while also being a work of art in its own right.。
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XINYU UNIVERSITY毕业设计（论文）（ 2010 届）题目英汉翻译风格刍议二级学院外国语学院专业英语教育班级外教（4）班学号 41学生姓名黄友明指导教师贺一舟－目录摘要……………………………………………………Abstract……………………………………………….. 第一章翻译风格的可知性…………………………..1.1 有形标记……………………………………….1.2 无形标记………………………………………. 第二章翻译风格的可译性…………………………..2.1 风格可译性的依据…………………………….2.2 风格翻译的原则及可译性的限度…………….2.2.1 适应性原则……………………………..2.2.2 接受者原则……………………………..2.2.3 层次性原则……………………………..2.2.4 综合性原则……………………………..2.2.5 可译性限度原则……………………….. 第三章翻译风格的表现法…………………………..3.1 对应式风格转换……………………………….3.2 重构式风格转换……………………………….3.3 淡化式风格转换…………………………….…总结…………………………………………..参考文献……………………………………..致谢…………………………………………..英汉翻译风格刍议摘要英语翻译English Translation是用英语来表达另一种语言或用另一种语言表达英语，这种英语与其它语言的互相表达活动，称为英语翻译。
在世界全球经济一体化的进程中，英语在国际、经济、文化、科技方面的作用愈显明显，尤其是以英语翻译为经济、科技和社会发展做出了突出的贡献，成了社会发展的必然产物，“据统计，全世界16亿以英语为第一语言，第二语言或外语的人群中，几乎90%的人每天在与对外英语翻译—即商务英语打交道。
”这个庞大的文化群体在这个社会群体交际过程中的社会功能及其翻译引起了语言研究工作者的重视，许多学者纷纷研究英语翻译的文体特征及语言特点，探索英语翻译的策略及翻译原则。
还有些学者从跨学科的视野研究英语翻译，将系统功能语言学的语域理论也运用到了英语翻译的研究中。
对英语翻译的研究、翻译策略及翻译原则的探索固然重要，但这些研究大多倾向于语言学的微观此举层面的研究，大多忽视了英语翻译的风格的研究，并且缺乏具体的理论指导。
鉴于此，本文首先分析英语翻译风格微观层次的特点、特征、结构，重点分析其翻译实践中的运用。
通过将宏观层面的翻译目的与篇章结构、句法特征和用词特点相结合，探索英语翻译在实践活动中的指导性和可行性。
关键词：文体特征；语言特点；翻译风格；宏观Style Of English-Chinese T ranslationAbstractEnglish translation, English Translation in English to express in another language or another language to express the English, this English and other languages to each other expression activity, known as the English translation. In the world of global economic integration process, the role of English in international, economic, cultural, technological become more and more significant. Especially in English translation as the economic, technological and social development made outstanding contribution, become the inevitable result of social development. Especially in English translation as the economic, technological and social development made outstanding contribution, become the inevitable result of social development. According to statistics, 1.6 billion of the world with English as first language, second or foreign language population, almost 90% of people communicate with foreign language translation (that is, Business English).This huge cultural groups in the communication process of the social groups in the social function of translation attracted the attention of language researchers, many scholars have to study the stylistic features of the English translation with its language features and to explore the English translation of strategy and translation principles. Some scholars research English translation from the interdisciplinary field of vision. The language domain of the systemic functional linguistics theory also applied to the study of the English translation. English translation, translation strategies and translation principles of exploration is very important, but most of these studies tend to linguistic study of the micro-move level, and many people overlooked the style of the English translation, and lack of theoretical guidance in details. In view of this, this paper first analyzes the characteristics of the micro-level of the English translation style, characteristics, structure, and analyzes the use of translation in practice. Through the combination of macro-level translation purposes and discourse structure, syntactic features and terms of features, explore the feasibility of the English translation and the guidance inpractice.Key words: stylistic features；language characteristics；translation style；micro第1章翻译风格的可知性1.1 有形标记有形标记无疑是我们用来识别风格意义的最重要的手段，因为风格总是以语言形式表现出来的，而语言是一种符号体系，因此风格不可避免地会被“语言符号化”。
风格的符号化有形标记包括语音音标、词汇标记、句法标记、篇章标记、语域标记和修辞标记等六种。
掌握这六类标记，就能使我们可以从语言形式上识别原作所承载的风格意义。
这是风格分析最直观的一步，也是最基本的一步。
（1）语音标记：各种语言都有其语音特征，而语音标记则构成了语言风格的一个独特的层面。
（2）词汇标记：词汇标记显示原文的用词倾向。
例如，用词平易或用词端雅，以及惯于使用某些形容词、副词或分词，等等。
（3）句法标记：句法标记主要表现为各种有特色的句法形式。
英语中有特色的句法形式很多，例如，并列（Coordination）、重复（Repetition）、平行（Parallel）、对仗（Antithesis）、省略（Omission）等等，如果将其反复用于某一上下文中就形成了风格的句法标记。
从广义上说，在行文中以反复使用某种句法结构求得某种语言特征的风格手段，都表现为风格的句法标记，如疑问句、祈使句、破折句、绝对式结构以及不合格法句、俚语句及歧义句的超常使用。
（4）篇章标记：篇章标记指句子和文章的组织形式，也指思维、概念的表现方法。
其主要表现为句子的长短；句、段之间的连接；信息接应；叙事的时间和空间顺序；直接表述与间接表述；表达的明晰与隐晦等方面。
（5）语域标记：修辞是一种不可忽视的风格手段。
英汉双语对应的修辞格包括：simile（明喻），metaphor（明喻），analogy（类比），personification（拟人），hyperbole（夸张），euphemism（委婉），irony （反语）等30余项。
所有修辞格的功能都是为了加强语言效果，许多作家的的独特风格正是在于他们善于应用修辞格。
下面试以实例对风格的有形标记加以说明。
[例1] He’ll sometimes pause as a thing of formIn front of a settle’s doorAnd ask for a drink, and remark “It’s warm”Or say “There’s sings of a thunderstorm”But he seldom utters more.译文有时候他那可怜的身影，也在移民户门前停一停，讨杯茶，说句话：“好热啊”“看起来要下雷暴雨啦。