大学英语六级试题模拟试卷及答案解析四

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大学英语六级模拟题四及答案

⼤学英语六级模拟题四及答案Part ⅠListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:M: When shall we start our work, Jane?W: Tomorrow at 9 o'clock. But we must work quickly, for we have to finish everything before 2 in the afternoon.Q: For how long can they work?You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)"5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］ [CD2][KG-1*4/5]［D］1. A) Mary earned the prize.B) Mary has granted the prize.C) Mary fails in the speech contest.D) The man doesn't think Mary deserves the prize.2. A) Driving a car. B) Taking a taxi.C) Going by train. D) Taking the subway.3. A) Where is the manager now？B) Who will be his new manager？C) Whether his manager is ill.D) When the manager will go to the headquarters.4. A) He dislikes museums and galleries.B) He does not care about the hot weather.C) Going to the beach is the best choice.D) He doesn't want to go to Washington.5. A) She wants to live in the suburbs.B) She is offended by her naughty children.C) She disagrees with father.D) She turns a deaf ear to her husband' s words.6. A) She will choose a new topic to write the essay.B) She used to choose the poetry written by Shakespeare as the topic.C) She refuses to accept the man' s advice.D) She is on the wrong track.7. A) Husband and wife. B) Teacher and student.C) Policeman and driver. D) Mother and son.8. A) How to buy a good computer.B) How to borrow a computer from the company.C) The price of the computer.D) The newly-bought computer.9. A) At the library.B) At the airport.C) At the post office.D) At the teacher' s office.10. A) He is good at drawing pictures.B) He likes paintings very much.C) He likes visiting the art museum very much.D) He thinks the art museum is a very quiet place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage. Then listen to the passage again. When the first part of the passage is being read, you should fill in the missing words during the pause at each blank. After listening to the second part of the passage you are required to write down the main points according to what you have just heard. Finally when the passage is read the third time you can check what you have written.A few years ago it was (11)____to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents(12)____ that children did not show them proper respect and (13)____, while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared?(14)____, the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many (15)____argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life-styles. In more (16)____ societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and (17)__ of, and often to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their educations, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with (18)____.In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, (19)___.Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, (20)____.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages it this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain better results.The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hampered by several factors. The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical flair. Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest. The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy. Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for the elixir that would bestow the blessing of eternal life. In one sense, the second of these was the more serious impediment because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure.21. What is the passage mainly about?A) The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century.B) Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science.C) The practical aspects of chemistry.D) Difficulties of organizing knowledge systematically.22. According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes increase before the seventeenth century?A) Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties.B) A special symbolic language was developed.C) Experience led workers to revise their techniques.D) Experts shared their discoveries with the public.23. The bold word "hampered" in Line 1 Para 2 is closest in meaning to____.A) recognized B) determinedC) solved D) hindered24. The bold word "it" refers to which of the following?A) Problem. B) Material.C) Difficulty. D) System.25. Which of the following statements best explains why "the second of these was the more serious impediment" (Underlined)?A) Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people.B) The symbolic language used was very imprecise.C) Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists.D) The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments. Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or petroleum a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850's Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local scapages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, are tired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it "Drake's Folly". But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860's these wildcatters were drilling for "black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880's and 1890's refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heatingoil.26.What is the best title for the passage?A) Oil Refining: A Historical PerspectiveB) The California Gold Rush: Get Rich QuicklyC) Private Property: Trespassers Will Be ProsecutedD) Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel27.It can be inferred form the passage that kerosene was preferable to whale oil because whale oil was too____.A) expensive B) thickC) hot D) polluted28.According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had madea mistake by____.A) going on a whaling expeditionB) moving to PennsylvaniaC) searching for oilD) retiring from his job29.Why does the author mention the California gold rush?A) To explain the need for an increased supply of goldB) To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealthC) To describe the mood when oil was first discoveredD) To argue that gold was more valuable than oil30. Which of the following words could best replace the word "one" (Underlined)?A) Oil. B) Door.C) Store. D) Product.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:"Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major credit cards are accepted!"By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We don't have a budget," says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City's South Street." We just use our credit cards."The US has long been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies. Now the US, still the world's superpower, can also claim to be the world's bargain basement(廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30 % to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994. That's up from $74 billion the year before.True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge（⽆节制）has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $ 1624 a traveler versus the Americans' four nights and $298.31. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ____.A) are reluctant to carry cash with themB) simply don' t care how much they spendC) are not good at planning their expenditureD) often spend more money than they can afford32.The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ____.A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the USB) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the USC) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the US dollar that yearD) Tourists came to the US for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year33.By saying " nobody undersells America" (Underlined), the author means that ____.A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American productsB) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commoditiesC) nobody restrains the selling of American goodsD) no other country sells at a lower price than America34.Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?A) Because they have gained much publicity through the American mediaB) Because they represent the world' s latest fashionsC) Because they embody the most sophisticated technologyD)Because they are available at all tourist destinations35.From the passage we can conclude that the US has come to realize____.A) the weakening of the US dollar can result in trade deficitsB) the lower the retail prices, the greater in profitsC) tourism can make great contributions to its economyD) visitors to the US are wealthier than US tourists abroadPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in 1960s, but it was in the 1970's, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation. As well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.Butler Square, in Minneapois, examplifies major changes in its complex of offices,commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights. San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio's leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which menders through the business district.36. What is the main idea of the passage?A) During the 1970's, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.B) Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.C) The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.D) Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.37. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?A) Boston' s new city hall.B) Sports and recreational facilities.C) Commercial and industrial warehouses.D) Restaurant, offices, and stores.38. According to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in____.A) San Francisco B) BostonC) Minneapolis D) San Antonio39. When was the Butler Square building originally built?A) In the eighteenth century.B) In the early nineteenth century.C) In the late nineteenth century.D) In the early twentieth century.40. What is the author's opinion of the San Antonio project?A) It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.B) It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.C) The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.D) The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings. Part ⅢVocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.41.The British Library____ the right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.A) contains B) retiresC) retains D) conveys42.The secretary____ the foreign minister____ an interview he was to give that afternoon.B) reassured…aboutC) consulted…aboutD) questioned…to43. The way other people behave towards us influences how we____ ourselves.A) conceive of B) consist ofC) confront with D) conform to44. I suppose some people create an idea of who they want to be and, they ____ it____.A) work…over B) bear…outC) live…out D) get… over45.With the economy of the country growing strong, the____ mood is one of optimism .A) presiding B) circulatingC) floating D) prevailing46. These technological advances in communication have____ the way people do business.A) revolted B) representedC) adopted D) transformed47. The workers of the textile mill ____ that trade union leaders be elected from the workshops .A) urged B) related C) combated D) adapted48. It is a____ of our company to give refunds if goods are faulty.A) policy B) discipline C) decision D) determination49. ____ friends helped him to get appointed ambassador to France .A) Efficient B) Influential C) Impressive D) Effective50.Their ambitious schemes for making money quickly____.A) took a chanceB) came to nothingC) went into actionD) got to the point51.She knew who wrote the letter, so without opening it she tore it into pieces____A) in excitementB) in disappointmentC) in disgustD) in expectation52.He had always been ____the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment .A) oblivious to B) guilty of C) wary of D) subject to53.Familarity with a wide range of idiomatic expressions, and the ability to use them appropriately____ are among the distinguishing marks of command of English like a native.A) in context B) in practice C) in place D) in case54.We are still____ things here, but I can't guarantee the situation will stay that way.A) in memory ofC) in control ofD) in need of55.Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to____.A) credit B) defy C) modify D) define56.Bill is rich. His house is full of ____ such as expensive high-tech video systems and all the latest computer equipment.A) luxuries B) festivities C) dimensions D) instruments57.She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is not____.A) consistent B) insistent C) beneficent D) resistant58.Based on the____ that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market, I would predict a market improvement in the efficiency of China's economy.A) guidance B) instruction C . premise D) eminence59.Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel ____.A .on board B) at ease C) at leisure D) at heart60.The accused was ____to have been the leader of the plot to overthrow the governmentA) reconciled B) blended C) alleged D) referred61. She ____the letter, put it in the envelope and handed it to her father.A) folded B) wrapped C) rolled D) slided62. In the last century, new drugs have ____ improved health throughout the world.A) inconsistently B) supposedly C) notedly D) markedly63. Now a paper argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ____ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A) configurationB) constitutionC) condemnationD) contamination64. When he went to the airport for the ticket, Tom suddenly realized that his passport had ____ for half a year.A) abolished B) expired C) amended D) constrained65. Since the information was easily____, we found it immediately.A) acceptable B) accessory C) accessible D) possible66.There is no known cure for SARS, but doctors are developing ways to help sufferers ____ it.A) retard B) eliminate C) dispense D) handle67. She was____ her brains to remember the man's time, but her bad memory failed her.A) hitting B) beating C) racking D) exhausting68. Many apartments have doors with a security window so that one may____ outside and observe visitors without being seen.A) peer B) peek C) peel D) pile69. French cars are more elegantly styled than their British ____.A) counterparts B) equals C) ones D) copies70. After failing his driving test four times, he finally____ trying to pass.A) gave up B) gave away C) gave off D) gave inPart ⅣTranslationDirections: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese expressions given in the brackets.71. The chairman requested ____________(所有的书⾯资料都要储存在电脑的硬盘上).72. _____________( 如果我是你的话), I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager.73. Do you mind___________(推迟这次会议到本季度末)？74. _______________(考虑到各种各样的因素)，our subjects should be rearranged to meet the requirements of the curriculum.75. __________(理完发之后)，Professor Smith went straightly to the laboratory to proceed with his experiments.76. Living in the desert has many problems, ______________(缺⽔并不是唯⼀的问题).77. The production __________(增加到每⽉500吨) by the end of this month.78. Both boys and girls put much emphasis ________________(有⾜够的钱以便到外⾯去痛快享受).79. Please _____________(不要忘记告诉你的姐姐到超市买⼀些⽜排)。

2024英语六级试题及答案

2024英语六级试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) The man is a professor.B) The man is a student.C) The man is a librarian.D) The man is a writer.答案：C2. A) The woman is looking for a job.B) The woman is looking for a house.C) The woman is looking for a book.D) The woman is looking for a restaurant.答案：A3. A) The man is late for the meeting.B) The man is early for the meeting.C) The man is on time for the meeting.D) The man is not attending the meeting.答案：A二、阅读理解（共40分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of teamwork.B) The benefits of working alone.C) The drawbacks of group projects.D) The challenges of managing a team.答案：A2. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A) Teamwork always leads to success.B) Teamwork can be more efficient than working alone.C) Teamwork is only beneficial in certain situations.D) Teamwork is always less efficient than working alone.答案：C3. What is the author's opinion on team dynamics?A) They are essential for success.B) They are not important in modern work environments.C) They can be detrimental to productivity.D) They are only relevant in large organizations.答案：A三、完形填空（共20分）1. A) DespiteB) AlthoughC) BecauseD) If答案：A2. A) wasB) wereC) isD) are答案：B3. A) thatB) whichC) itD) this答案：B四、翻译（共10分）1. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。

2022年12月大学英语六级阅读理解模拟题及答案(4)

2022年12月大学英语六级阅读理解模拟题及答案(4)Zeus told Prometheus to teach the mortals anything they needed to know in order to live.He was also to teach them the arts,so that they could build beautiful temples to honor the gods.There was,in fact,only one thing he could not teach them.“You may give the mortals any gift except the gift of fire.”Said Zeus.“Fire belongs to the gods only,and must be kept on Mount Olympus.”Prometheus was happy to be of service to man.He taught people how to make their own tools and how to build homes for themselves.He taught them how to plant and grow their own food,and how to use animals to make their work easier.He even taught them how to make music and how to paint. But without fire,life on earth was very difficult.Food had to be eaten raw;houses could not be kept warm.Tools had to be of stone,because there was no fire for working metal.Athena,daughter of Zeus,had been watching over Prometheus and had helped him in his work.Now,because Prometheus was kind and wanted man to be comfortable on earth,he called upon Athena to help him get fire from Mount Olympus.She knew that Zeus was away and promised to lead Prometheus to Mount Olympus by a secret path...Just as he arrived Apollo came back from his day’s journey in his chariot of the sun.Prometheus lit a torch from the chariot and put the fire in a hollow stalk that he concealed under his cloak.Then he stole away without being seen by any of the gods,and brought his fire to earth.When Prometheus lit the first campfire on earth,the people were afraid of it.But they trusted him,and so they came closer and closer and enjoyed the fire’s pleasant warmth and beautiful glow.Prometheus knew that he would not have much time before Zeus discovered that he had been disobedient.But he also knew that,powerful as Zeus was,once a god had given a gift it could not be taken away.So he quickly taught the mortals how to use the gift of fire.Ⅰ.Fill in each blank with word or phrase in the p as sage:1.Zeus told Prometheus to teach the_______（人类）anything they needed to know in order to live.2.Prometheus was so happy to_______（帮助）to man that he taught people how to make their own tools and how to build homes for themselves.3.Athena,daughter of Zeus,had been_______（监督）Prometheus and had helped him in his work.4.Prometheus knew that he would not have much time before Zeus discovered that he had been_____（违命）.Ⅱ.Question:When the first campfire was lit on earth,how did human react to it?参考答案Ⅰ. 1.mortals2.be of service3.watching over4.disobedientⅡ.When the first campfire was lit on earth,the people were afraid of it.As they trusted Prometheus,they came closer and closer and enjoyed the fire’s pleasant warmth and beautiful glow.。

大学英语六级模拟试卷及答案

xx年大学英语六级模拟试卷及答案Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: Joblessness is far more than an economic misfortune.It can be a psychological disaster for the unemployed and their families.It can cause illness,divide families and create a downward spiral of feelings of worthlessness and lack of selfesteem.Aording to research done by M. Harvery Brenner,associate professor of health at Johns Hopkins University,every 1% increase in the unemployment rate translates into 37,000 deaths over the next 6years,including over 20,000 deaths from heart attcks,900 suicides and nearly 500 deaths from cirrhosis of the liver.In addition,Brenner estimates that 7,500 unemployed or their families will be admitted to prison after mitting a crime or to a mental hospital.“The impact goes well beyond the individual who loses a job,”saidBrenner.“stress caused by economic factors affects our national life at every level.”Men who have been socialized as the family breadwinner are especially hard hit by unemployment.They suffer greater depression and anxiety and have a higher possibility of psychotic behavior than men who are employed.“Nine months seems to be a crucial point when hope and patience give out,”said a leading psychologist.After that,“illness,suicide,alcoholism,divorce,and even crime grow at epidemic rate.”Left without a job,many workers feel they have nothing to look forward to.They miss their co?workers and the routine of going to work.For many,the sense of hopelessness grows worse every time they are rejected for a new job.When this happens often enough,the rejection unemployed workers feel may be exacerbated if some friends and neighbors avoid them as if they had a contagious disease.21. Aording to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.Joblessness is an economic misfortune.B. Joblessness is a psychological disaster for the unemployed and their families.C.Joblessness can cause the unemployed to mit suicide.D.Joblessness is a contagious disease.22. In what way does the unemployment affect the unemplayed and their families?A.It makes them ill.B.It causes the divorce.C.it creates a feeling of worthlessness and lack of self?esteem.D.All above.23. Aording to M. Harvey Brenner's research,if there is 1% increase in the unemployment rate,how many people will die from cirrhosis of the liver?A.37,000B.20,000C.900D.50024. If a man has been unemployed for a year,he .A.will be happy and relieved.B.will be hopeless.C.will lose patienceD.both B and C25. What is the best title for this passage?A.An Economic Misfortune.B.The Harm of JoblessnessC.An Scientific ResearchD.How to Treat The UnemployedQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: Ironically,in the United States,a country of immigrants,prejudice and discrimination continue to be serious problems.There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each sueeding group.As each group became more financially suessful,and more powerful,they excluded newers from full participation in the society.Prejudice and discrimination are part of our history,however,this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more unjust than with black Americans.Blacks had distinct disadvantages.For the mostpart,they came to the “land of opportunity”as slaves and they were not free to keep their heritage and cultural traditions.Unlike most European immigrants,blacks did not have the protection of a support group;sometimesslave?owners separated members of the same family.They could not mix easily with the established society either because of their skin color.It was difficult for them to adapt to the American culture.Even after they became free people,they still experienced discrimination in employment,housing,education,and even in publicfacilities,such as restroom.26. Prejudice and discrimination.A.were goneB.have been existing in the American societyC.don't exclude new immigrants from participation in the societyD.are mainly caused by the slavery27. Established and sueeding immigrants.A.were reluctant to help newers to adapt to the new surroundingsB.were willing to support newers financiallyC.were great helpers of slaves and IndiansD.were treated unequally by American Indians28. One of the reasons why black Americans could not easily mix in American society is.A.that most Americans are immigrantsB.due to their skin colorC.that they speak their language differently from AmericansD.that they were free to keep their heritage29. The author specifically mentions that.A.black Americans are most prejudicially treated in the U.S.B.discrimination in the South was not more obvious than in the NorthC.the situation of blacks is almost the same today asit was in the 1930sD. after blacks became free people they didn't experience discrimination in employment and public facilities30. The attitude of the author is.A.favorableB.praisingC.indifferentD.sarcasticQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: About 50 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of.But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stroke Mandeville,England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann,the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann,who had been driven to England in 1939 fromNazi Germany,had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries centre at stoke Mandeville Hospital near London.His ideas about treating injuries included sportsfor the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part.The next year,1949,five teams took part.From those beginnings things developed fast.Teams now e from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year.In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome.Now,every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held,if possible,in the same place as the normal Olympic Games，although they are organized separately.In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at StokeMandeville.In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games,1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries tookpart.Unfortunately,they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles,along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great suess in promoting international friendship and understanding,and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoysports.One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games,however,has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the ablebodied.Perhaps a few more years are still needed toconvince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.31. The first games for the disabled were heldafter Sir Ludwing Guttmann arrived in England.A.50 yearsB.21 yearsC.9 yearsD.4 years32. Beside Stoke Mandeville,surely the games for the disabled were once held in.A.New YorkB.LondonC.RomeD.Los Angeles33. In paragraph 2,the word “athlete” means.A.people who support the gamesB.people who watch the gamesC.people who organize the gamesD.people who pete in the games34. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.B.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.C.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.D.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is weled by the British.35. From the passage we may conclude that writer is.A.one of the organizers of the games for the disabledB.a disabled who once took part in the gamesC.against holding the games for the disabledD.in favor of holding the game for the disabledQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea.He was Prince Henry of Portugal,the younger son of the Partuguese king and an English princess. Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth century.As a boy he became devoted to the sea,and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them.In 1416,when he was twenty?two,Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him—Jewish astronomers,Italian and Spanish sailors,and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew to use the crude pass of the day and could improve it.Henry's goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the shore.The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made,yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea.He also developed the carrack,which was a slower ship,but one that was capable of carrying more cargo. To Prince Henry the world owes credit for development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible.He lives in history as Henry the Navigator.36. Henry the Navigator was a member of the royalfamily of.A.EnglandB.SpainC.ItalyD.Portugal37. Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of.A.helping marinersB.improving ship design and sailing methodsC.studying astronomy and mathematicsD.improving his own skill as a sailor38. The teachers in Prince Henry's school seem to have been.A.members of the royal familyB.astronomers,sailors and map makersC.shipbuildersD.All of the above39. Prince Henry's goal was to design vessels that could.A.make long deep?sea voyagesB.travel faster than those in use at that timeC.explore the coastline of PortugalD.carry larger crews and more cargo than existing one40. The best title for this passage isA.The First Modern Sailing VesselsB.The Mariner PrinceC.Prince Henry's Role in HistoryD.The First School for Sailors。

2021年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题附答案及解析(4)

2021年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题附答案及解析(4)Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.They're still kids, and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it's all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don't quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominatedlife experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2021 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the "ingeneration"."The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it's also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i', which I'm talking to stand for 'individualized'," Rosen says. "Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me'. My music choices are defined to ' me'. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me'. " He says the iGeneration includes today's teens and middle-school ers, but it's too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. "If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it," he says. "They expect innovation."They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use "will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires."Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned.Many researchers are trying t6 determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do," Rosen says. "But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development. "Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly."The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think," Rosen says."We have to give them options because they want their world individualized. "56. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kidsA．communicate with others by high-tech methods continually B．prefer to live a virtual life than a real oneC．are equipped with more modem digital techniquesD．know more on technology than their elders57. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation asiGeneration?A．Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high-tech devices.B．Because this generation stresses on an individualized style of life.C．Because it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation.D．Because it's a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one.58. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?A．This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.B．Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.C．This generation catches up with the development of technology.D．High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation.59. Rosen's findings suggest that technologyA．has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration's brain developmentB．has greatly affected the iGeneration's behaviors and academic performanceC．has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration's mental and intellectual developmentD．has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance60. According to the passage, education has to __A．adapt its system to the need of the new generationB．use more technologies to cater for the iGenerationC．risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration D．be conducted online for iGeneration's individualized needPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength as the global temperature continues to rise, a new study has found.Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8°F( 1℃)rise of the Earth's temperature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong or stronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold.Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. More water vapor in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strength and head toward land.Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding the maximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as it passed over the Florida peninsula, but gained destructive power fight before colliding with New Orleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experienced over the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating(将人类摧垮的)storms. But the ongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of the worst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean with muitiple Category 5 storms every year."Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is the primary cause of hurricanevariability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center for Ice and Climate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surface temperature increases was more than Girustead and his colleagues had anticipated. The entire study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest on record. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earth's temperatures have risen faster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. The primary cause, a couseusus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.Past hurricanes have supported the study's finding that global temperature rise is linked to more destructive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, while the frequency of storms doesn't appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones has risen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, but comprehensive hurricane data doesn't exist.61. According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University, the rise of the Earth'stemperature is likely to causeA．the coming of ice ageC．more Katrina-like or worse hurricanesB．less intense hurricanesD．more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere62. The ocean water in the region where the storm formsA．is heating the hurricanesB．evaporates and becomes fuelC．heads toward landD．turns into water vapor that makes hurricanes stronger63. Which of the following statement is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina?A．It did not lose its strength as it moved.B．It claimed over 200 people's lives.C．It caused 80 billion dollars loss for Florida peninsula.D．It lasted for full 24 hours.64. What result can regional sea surface temperature changes produce?A．Hurricane changes.C．Global warming.B．Increasing greenhouse gas emissions.D．Destructive hurricanes.65. It can be inferred from the passage thatA．there is no link between greenhouse gas emissions and destructive stormsB．reduction of greenhouse gas emissions may reduce destructive stormsC．the higher percentage of strong ones rose as more hurricanes appearedD．past records on hurricanes included everything needed 答案解析：56．A)。

大学英语六级模拟试题及答案

大学英语六级模拟试题及答案一、单选题（共10题，共20分）1.We can conclude from the passage that ________.A.today's under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britainura Lenox-Conyngham's attitude to work and life represents that of manyyoung professionals in BritainC.Life can get harder for under-thirties in BritainD.elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain2.In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?A. By taking photographs for magazines.B.By marring a rich man.C.By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.D.By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.3.Which factor pushed up house prices?A.Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.B.Many young men need to rent more houses.C.It is easy to apply for a mortgage for young generationD.The number of older people, many of whom live alone,becomes bigger andbigger.4.Why are today's older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?A.Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but youngergeneration will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetime's earningsfor the care of them.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfaresystem.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in thepresent society.5.By saying "the growth of the proportion...to younger generations." (Line2, Para. 5), Anthea Tinker really means that ________.A.currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big poppation of over 50, the trendarises that wealthflows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed6.The best title for the passage wopd be ________.A.Medical PracticeB.Clever AdvertisingC.Self-MedicationD.Self-Treatment7.The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.A.the reasons for keeping medicines at homeB.people's doubt about taking drugsC.what kind of medicine people shopd prepare at homeD.the possible harms self-medication may do to people8.Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.A.those good things are not without side effectsB.why clever advertising is so powerfpC.why in modern times self-medication is still practisedD.why people develop fapty ways of life9.Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because________.A. they often watch ads on TVB.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertisedC.they generally lead a sedentary lifeD.they don't take to sports and easily catch colds10.The first paragraph is intended to ________.A.suggest that self-medication has a long historyB.define what diagnosis means exactlyC.praise doctors for their expertiseD.tell the symptoms from the causes二、判断题（共4题，共8分）11.Nearly all the families can manage to meet the soaring tuition costs through various investment plans.正确错误12.One reason why colleges increase tuition and fees is thatthe state support is shrinking.正确错误13.The only problem the students are facing at graduation is the dismal job market.正确错误14.Griffith worked for a firm that specialized in economic development in Washington D.C. because she needed money to pay for her debt.正确错误三、填空题（共8题，共16分）15.He told the story in such minute detail ________________(简直就像他亲眼看见一样 ).16.Life is too short ________________(不可每天将时间浪费在看电视上).17.The visitors planned to ________________( 花最少的时间游览公园以外的地方).18.The only sounds are bird calls and the soft noise________________(当水缓缓推动草时草所发出的)19.The area gets ________________(年降雨量不足五厘米).20.According to Steven Young, if scientists get the data that ________, they wopd petition for fast track status.21.While integrase deletes an immune cell's genetic material and replaces it with its own, it acts like ________ in a word processor.22.If the drug proves effective in human trials,it copd enhance the effectiveness of existing AIDS drugs in ________.四、问答题（共1题，共10分）23.Directions:1、正确答案： C2、正确答案： D3、正确答案： D4、正确答案： A5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： C7、正确答案： D8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： A11、正确答案：错误12、正确答案：正确13、正确答案：错误14、正确答案：正确15、正确答案：that he might himself have been an eye-witness16、正确答案：to idle away the hours watching TV each day17、正确答案：spend minimum time sightseeing outside the parks18、正确答案：made by grasses as the water slowly moves them19、正确答案：fewer than five centimeters of rain a year20、正确答案：Because the virus changes its shape.21、正确答案：a cut and paste operation22、正确答案：fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus23、正确答案：9-12：BCAB13-15：BCB。

6月大学英语六级模拟试卷及答案解析（四）（2）

6月大学英语六级模拟试卷及答案解析（四）（2）Passage 3Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?When a heart-lung machine was invented that could take over the job of the heart, put oxygen into the blood and keep the circulation going during surgery, surgeons could stop the heart while they were cutting and suturing. Recently, in certain cases, some surgeons have begun operating without the pump while the heart continues to beat.?“The benef its of off-pump surgery are tremendous for patients who meet the criteria for this procedure,” says Dr. Jim Zellner with the Alliance of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgeons. “There is less need for blood products, less chance of complications during and after surgery, earlier recovery and earlier return to regular activity.” ?Seawood Murray feels he was led by God to find Dr. Zellner and Memorial Hospital and to have off-pump surgery.?A veteran of the United States Navy as a nuclear weapons security officer and commanding officer of a mine assembly group for more than 31 years, Seawood has never complained about stress or pain. He saw three tours of duty off the coast of Vietnam. ?However, after suffering from chest pain for almost a year and being misdiagnosed with chronic heartburn, Seawood knew something was seriously wrong. At the Veteran’s hospital in Murfreesboro, he learned he had heart disease and was told to come back in six weeks.?“I didn’t want to wait that long and asked for a referral to The Chattanooga Heart Institute,” Seawood says. “Dr. NoelHunt found that 40% of my heart was not getting the amount of blood it needed to operate properly.” ?Four days later, Seawood was undergoing off-pump triple bypass surgery at Memorial Hospital under the hand of Dr. Zellner. “I was sitting up that evening, walking around the second day and feeling good enough to go home the third day, but I stayed till the fourth morning,” Seawood says. “Two others who had on-pump bypass surgery the same day I had mine off-pump were barely walking when I left.”?31. How do surgeons usually operate on a heart-attacker according to the passage? ?A) They operate without a pump.B) They operate with a heart-lung machine.?C) They operate by stopping the heart.D) They operate with nothing but cutting and suturing. ?32. Which of the following statements is NOT the benefit of off-pump surgery? ?A) The heart-attack patients will be recovered in one day.?B) There are fewer chances for heart-attack patients to suffer from other new diseases during the course of hear attack.?C) Off-pump surgery needs fewer blood products.?D) The heart-attack patients will be well again earlier. ?33. What’s wrong with Seawood Murray? ?A) He suffered from chronic heartburn.?B) He suffered from heart attack.?C) He had three tours of duty off the coast of Vietnam.?D) His heart couldn’t get blood it needed to operate. ?34. What did Dr. Zellner do for Seawood Murray’s disease? ?A) Dr. Zellner gave him a surgery with a heart-lung machine..?B) Dr. Zellner diagnosed his disease as chronic heartburn.?C) Dr. Zellner gave him an off-pump triple bypass surgery.?D) Dr. Zellner referred him to another hospital. ?35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? ?A) Seawood Murray could hardly walk four days after the surgery.?B) Seawood Murray got recovered more slowly than other patients.?C) Seawood Murray felt well and went home the third day after the surgery.?D) Seawood Murray went home the fourth day after the surgery. ?Passage 4Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:?The key element to successful interviewing is not your experience, your grades,what classes you took, your extracurricular activities, or any of the other basic necessities. Those skills are what got you the interview. The key element to uccessful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude. If you want to rise above others with better experience, better grades, or better anything, you will need to work on developing a highly positive work attitude. ?Yo ur attitude determines whether you will “make the cut” or be discarded. Remember, there are plenty of competitors with the ability to do almost any given job-- especially at the entry level. The way most employers differentiate at the entry level is by can didates’ attitudes toward the job. Your attitude is often what recruiters will remember when the dust has settled after reviewing ten, twenty, or even one hundred candidates--the one who was sincerely willing to put forth his very best effort. If you have the attitude of wanting to do your very best for thecompany, of being focused on the company’s needs, of putting yourself forth as the person who will be committed and dedicated to fulfilling their needs, you will likely be the one chosen. ?Why is attitude so important? Because most companies already have their full share of multi-talented superstars who care about no one but themselves. Ask any manager who the most valuable member of his team is, and he will point not to the overrated superstar, but to t he person who has the “can do” attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for excellence. Give me a team player who is achieving at 99% and I will take her over a flashy superstar who is running at 50% efficiency any day of the week. And so will 99% of all hiring managers. ?So don’t worry if you are not “superstar” quality. If you can show me, in your words and actions, that you are ready to put forth your very best effort toward achieving excellence, you will be chosen over the superstar. You can show your winning attitude in the way you present yourself. Incorporate the actual words “positive attitude,” “excellence,” and “striving to be my best” into your interview language. Then show by your stories and examples how these words positively affect your life. Show me when and where and how you have put forth extra effort above and beyond the call of duty. Show me how you beat a deadline, how you excelled in a project, or how you made a difference by going the extra mile. If you can show me, by words and examples, your “can do” attitude, it is you I will hire, while all of the superstars will receive polite rejection letters to add to their growing collections.?36. What is the key element to successful interviewingaccording to this passage? ?A) Courses taken before.B) A varied experience.?C) A positive work attitude.D) Interviewees’ capability. ?37. Which of the following statement is correct in the author’s opinion? ?A) There are inadequate competitors with the ability to do almost any given job— especially at the entry level.?B) Most interviewers generally depend on the candidates’ attitudes toward the job to choose the employees.?C) Most employers tell the difference between candidates by their entry level.?D) Better experience and better grades become the most important elements to be chosen. ?38. Who is the most valuable member of his team to a manager? ?A) The multi-talented superstar.?B) The person who tries his best for excellence.?C) The person who counts on himself and does not cooperate with others.?D) The flashy star who makes the company famous. ?39. In an interview, what makes you leave a good impression on the interviewer?A) Your boasting words.?B) The words such as positive attitude, excellence, and striving to be my best.C) Your own stories.?D) Words and examples to show your positive attitude. ?40. What is the best title for this passage? ?A) Your Attitude Determines Whether You Will “Make The Cut” or Be Discarded.?B) How to Find a Good Job.?C) The Most Important Aspect of Interviewing.?D) A Successful Interviewing.Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. ?41. To check that your mobile phone is ____with the products we sell, click on the link below that matches the manufacturer of your mobile phone. ?A) confidential B) compatible C) conscientious D) conspicuous ?42. 26% votes said they had a moment of silence or prayer to ____ the anniversary of Sept. 11. ?A) commemorate B) manipulate C) withhold D) consensus ?43. The medical researchers are trying to find out who is ____ to SARS. ?A) infectious B) susceptible C) apt D) prompt ?44. He is eager to get the information about when copyrights for computer authors or in visual arts ____. ?A) abolish B) constrain C) amend D) expire ?45. For the time being there are more____ to be filled in the companies, butthey are far from enough to meet the demands of so many graduates. ?A)vacations B) varieties C)vacancies D) variations ?46. The honest young man ____ the boss that he would try his best for the excellence. ?A) ensured B) assured C) secured D) insured ?47. The greenhouse effect was partly____ for the global warming and the temperature changes are likely to have great effect on the spread of diseases. ?A to blame B) blameC) to be blamed D) blaming ?48. ____to China Daily is a good choice for an English learner. ?A) Prescribing B) TranscribingC) Describing D) Subscribing ?49. Keeping speaking a strange language to random individuals, he made everybody____ by his behavior. ?A) ridiculed B)enchanted C) bewildered D) induced ?50. Nobody can exactly ____ the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome though it has spread for a few months. ?A) account with B) account on C) account for D)account of ?51. The jury____ the football star of having committed murder and he was sentenced to capital punishment. ?A) accused B) convicted C) charged D) acquitted ?52. If your first business goal is to make money, you should set the goal of how much money you expect to gain and then work____. ?A) accordingly B)therefore C) nevertheless D)however ?53. ____ the cultural revolution, he would have been a VIP in this field.?A) In spite of B)Or else C) Because of D)But for ?54. Xiao Wang is eager to go abroad to study architecture, but he hasn’t got a(n)____ passport. ?A) valid B)efficient C) effective D)practical ?55. The budget cuts will ____ the future of our children, as we will be forced to eliminate educational services. ?A) jeopardize B)hazard C) venture D)risk ?56. Failing to____ the Information Revolution, they are unable to meet the demands of the modern society. ?A) come up with B) faceup with C) keep up with D) live up with ?57. They would like to gratefully ____ the contribution of time and effort by the following companies. ?A) admit B)acknowledge C) attribute D)accept ?58. Tuition hike will ____ college plans, so it is necessary that the university administrators have a plan that will guarantee all of these students have enough fund for completing their education. ?A) prevail B) orbid C) prohibit D) hinder ?59. Everybody could see that the young man was ____ going abroad to study,whether his parents could afford the tuition or not. ?A) lack of B)intent on C) deficient in D)adequate for ?60. Exactly, the reason it’s so cool is that it is ____ to your mind and eyes that squares A and B are the same color, but they are. ?A) intelligible B)indicative C) inconceivable D) invariable ?61. Students have to____ life after graduation, though they are graduating without a clue about what they want to do with their lives. ?A) contend B) contemplate C) visualize D)dwell ?62. A local transaction management system is responsible for initiating, monitoring, and terminating____ in a computing system. ?A) transactions B)transitions C) stimulations D)solutions ?63. It is wise to draw a line between past and future, because it is impossible to calculate all that has been done—it is incommensurable and it is unworthy to rummage in yesterday’s dust. ____ let us establish a new step. ?A) Moreover B) Where by C) However D) Hence forth ?64. Researchers have identified a number of factors that affect how____ you are to stress—among them are eating and sleeping habits, caffeine and alcohol intake, and how we express our emotions. ?A) vicious B) vulnerable C) vulgar D) void65. Instead, the Indians produced a ____bowing performance in which their standards fell far below those on these great cricketing occasions. ?A) feeble B) formidable C) exotic D) exquisite ?66. No company will refuse to ____so mutually beneficial a plan as Jack came up with at the meeting yesterday. ?A) put up with B) push on to C) fall in with D) make up for ?67. As a result, some children may not be ____ to the human suffering created by wars, or the sadness and anxiety other children experience as a result. ?A) sensitive B) sentimental C) sensible D) positive ?68. This information will help you ____ with the President’s June 1, 1998,memo on plain language in government writing. ?A) adhere B) comply C) dwell D) assimilate ?69. There are many ways to excite, influence, and ____ students and one of the best techniques is the use of a discrepant event. ?A) merge B) motivate C) mediate D) mobilize ?70. Within two hours his complexion ____ colour and hislimbs became warm。

CET+4+模拟试题1+参考答案

Part IChoosing an Occupation【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。

短文需要说明慎重择业相当重要，并提出多种指导择业的方法。

【参考范文】Choosing an OccupationOne of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job. Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.Part II【全文翻译】我们会陷入水资源枯竭的困境吗?想象一只“幽灵船”沉入了沙土中，任其留在干旱的沙土中腐烂掉。

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Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is Homeschooling Advisable? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 现在有不少家长让孩子在家上学2. 各人看法不同3. 我自己的观点Is Homeschooling Advisable?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Smoke and minorsMore teenage girls smoke than boys. Could it be because the tobacco industry plays on their desire to look fun, feel confident and stay thin?Forget BlackBerrys or wedges: the most desirable accessory for huge numbers of adolescent girls today is a cigarette. The trend began in the 1990s, when girls started to overtake boys as smokers; the gap grew to 10 percentage points in 2004 with 26% of 15-year-old girls smoking compared with 16% of boys. The gap has narrowed since but in 2009 girls are still more likely to smoke than boys.There has long been a synergy (协同作用) between the changing self-image of girls and the tricks of the tobacco industry. Smoking was described by one team of researchers as a way in which some adolescent girls express their resistance to the “good girl” feminine identity. In 2011, when Kate Moss creates controversy by smoking tobacco on the Louis Vuitton catwalk and Lady Gaga breaks the law by lighting up on stage, cigarettes have clearly lost none of their appeal.What’s different today is the “dark marketing” techniques used by the tobacco industry since the end of “above-the-line” advertising in 2002. These appeal to girls’ fears and fantasies, through online and real-world sponsorship.Tobacco manufacturers, for instance, have been accused of flooding YouTube withvideos of sexy smoking teenage girls, while in a pioneering partnership with British American Tobacco, London’s Ministry of Sound nightclub agreed in 1995 to promote Lucky Strike cigarettes. Most harmful because they are the most covert (隐蔽的), though, are the underground dance parties organised by Marlboro Mxtronic and Urban Wave, the marketing wing of Camel. Beneath the Camel logo, Urban Wave dance parties —stretching from Mexico to the Ukraine—hand out free cigarettes, and are themselves free: you must be invited and register, thereby helping the tobacco company build up a database. In the US a 2007 fashion-themed Camel 9 campaign was clearly targeted at young women, and so-called “brand stretching” has popularised tobacco brands on non-tobacco products, such as Marlboro Classic Clothes.Adolescent girls seem particularly susceptible to the blandishments of the tobacco industry. Susie, 15, began smoking two years ago. “It was on the common and everyone started experimenting. You think, ‘Ooh, I’m more cool, ooh I feel grownup and in with the crowd.’” Vanessa, 15, remembers that “it gave me a headrush, and it impressed my friends”. Becca, 21, became a regular smoker at 15. “We were going out and lying about our age and thought smoking made us look older.”Janne Scheffels, a Norwegian researcher, argued recently that teenage girl smokers view it as a kind of “prop (支撑)” in a performance of adulthood, a way of crossing the boundary between childhood and adolescence, and moving away from parents’ authority. Becca, says: “It felt like getting one over my parents: the fact that they didn’t like it and couldn’t stop it made me feel better.”Teenage smokers, the theory used to go, suffer from a lack of self-esteem. The reality is more complex. A succession of studies have found that smoking positions you in a group of “top girls”—high-status, popular, fun-loving, rebellious, confident, cool party-goers who project self-esteem (not, of course, the same as actually having it). Non-smokers are mostly seen as more sensible and less risk-taking.Smoking, says Vanessa, is also bonding. You start conversations with strangers when you ask for a light—an attractive social lubricant (润滑剂) for awkward teenagers. But the hub of teen smoking is break-time: it builds a girl’s smoking identity. Sara, 14, sa ys: “That was when it became regular, when I started going out at lunch and break, round the corner from school where everyone smokes. You become less close to people who don’t go out.”Some smoke for emotional reasons: smokers are more likely to be anxious and depressed; having a cigarette is a way of dealing with stress. Twice as many teenage girls suffer from “teen anxiety” as boys, according to a report from the thinktank Demos last month.According to Amanda Amos, professor of health promotion at the University ofEdinburgh, there’s also a social class dimension: more disadvantaged teenage girls smoke, and they’re less likely to give up. Then why aren’t boys equally affected? This is wher e it gets particularly dispiriting. “Top boys” have alternat ive ways of displaying prestige, such as sport: smoking to look cool conflicts with their desire to get fit. Girls want to be thin more than fit: smoking, they believe, helps keep their weight down. One in four said that smoking made them feel less hungry and that they smoked “instead of eating”.Already in the 1920s the president of American Tobacco realised he could interest women in cigarettes by selling them as a fat-free way to satisfy hunger. The Lucky Strike adverts of 1925, “Reach for Lucky instead of a sweet”, one of the first cigarette advert campaigns aimed at women, increased its market share by more than 200%. Between 1949 and 1999, according to internal documents from the tobacco industry released during litigation in the US, Philip Morris and British American Tobacco added appetite suppressants to cigarettes.The industry has continued to exploit girls’ and women’s anxieties about weight. Since advertising was banned, says Amos, packaging is one of the few ways that tobacco companies can communicate with women. Young women looking at cigarette packs branded “slim” are more likely to believe that the contents can help make them slim. So no prizes for guessing the target market for the new “super-skinny” cigarettes—half the depth of a normal pack of 20—like Vogue Superslims, or the Virginia S.Until recently, few health education campaigns had taken on board the research into why young women smoke and so—unsurprisingly—had little impact. Some even inadvertently encouraged smoking: if you bang on about how bad cigarettes are you make them—to this group—sound go od. And there’s no point in trying to scare girls about developing cancer when they’re old: they don’t think they will be.The ones I interviewed know the health risks but use all kinds of strategies to exempt themselves: their uncles smoke and are fine; they’ll stop when they’re pregnant (they disapprove of smoking pregnant women); they’ll stop to avoid wrinkles; they’ll st op when they’re “20 or 30”.The successful campaigns have been radically different. The brilliant late-1990s Florida “truth” campaign, eschewing (避开) worthy public health appeals, played the tobacco industry at its own game. Through MTV ads, a newsletter distributed in record shops, merchandising, and a “truth” truck touring concerts and raves, it attacked the industry for manipulating teens to smoke, repositioning anti-smoking as a hip, rebellious youth movement. As a result, the number of young smokers declined by almost 10% over two years.It doesn’t do to get morally anxious about girls and smoking. For one thing,now that—in year 10—”everyone smokes”, non-smokers and other independent-minded girls are acquiring a cool of their own. Smoking to look cool, it’s even been suggested, risks yo u being judged a “try-hard”.On the other hand, cancer is the greatest cause of death among women and, as Amos points out, we haven’t seen the full health consequences of this bulge of girls’smoking yet. Last week Amos addressed the European parliament as part of Europe Against Cancer Week. Female MEPS (members of the European parliament) were shocked when she passed round packets of super-skinnies clearly targeted at girls, and discussed how women need to be empowered not to smoke. Girls need alternatives that make them feel as powerful, independent and attractive as they think cigarettes do. Smoking really is a feminist issue.1. In the 1990s, there was a trend that _______.A) girls desired for high-end products C) more teenage girls smoked than boysB) cigarettes became necessary to girls D) many boys started to quit smoking2. What do the examples of Kate Moss and Lady Gaga show?A) Sexy smoking teenage girls enjoy great popularity.B) Top brands tend to hire celebrities in their promotions.C) Few adolescent girls are satisfied with their appearance.D) Smoking is still very appealing to many teenage girls.3. What is said about the underground dance parties organized by Marlboro Mxtronic?A) They are hidden and extremely harmful. C) They can be found throughout the world.B) They give people enormous pleasure. D) They are mainly aimed at teenage boys.4. According to Janne Scheffels, adolescent girls regard smoking as _______.A) a sign of being anxious and depressedB) an act of defiance toward parental authorityC) a way of starting conversations with strangersD) an effective method of impressing their peers5. The author suggests that “top girls” _______.A) are less likely to be smokers C) are more sensible than other girlsB) can deal with stress very well D) don’t actually have self-esteem6. Amanda Amos holds that disadvantaged girls _______.A) realize the harm of smoking C) want to get fit instead of being thinB) are less likely to stop smoking D) have healthy ways of losing weight7. What did American Tobacco do to attract women to cigarettes in the 1920s?A) It used substances that increased appetite.B) It handed out free cigarettes in public places.C) It sold cigarettes as a slimming aid for women.D) It produced cigarettes that had a sweet taste.8. Young women tend to believe that cigarettes in slim packs can help them to be ______________________________.9. Heath education campaigns had ______________________________ on stopping women from smoking because few of them studied the reason women smoke.10. The super-skinny cigarette packs which Amos presented at the European parliament ______________________________ its female members.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) How to help their parents. C) How to spend a summer vacation.B) How to take computer courses. D) How to celebrate the last day of school.12. A) At his apartment. C) In the woman’s home.B) In a hotel nearby. D) In his friend’s dormitory.13. A) She has finished her thesis.B) A special day is coming over soon.C) The man was elected the chair of the department.D) There is something special about their school.14. A) There were a lot of good books. C) The books were too expensive to buy.B) He bought a lot of books over there. D) There were many people at the book sale.15. A) The man’s glasses have been fixed already.B) The man may pick up the glasses on Friday.C) The man may pick up the glasses on Wednesday.D) The man’s glasses have been fixed within a week.16. A) Lisa might be able to help. C) Sandy is busy with her engagement.B) Lisa is always on the Internet. D) Sandy is working on her lab reports.17. A) He exaggerated his part. C) He played his part quite well.B) He was not dramatic enough. D) He performed better than the secretary.18. A) An open door. C) A private room.B) An open discussion. D) A closed door.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Albania. C) Romania.B) Hungary. D) Czechoslovakia.20. A) Tomorrow. C) Immediately.B) Next month. D) Towards the end of the month.21. A) He may make a lot of friends there.B) He wants to visit his relatives there.C) He may do some market research there.D) He may enjoy the beautiful scenery there.22. A) Sell medical facilities. C) Establish personal contracts.B) Further personal contacts. D) Investigate personal contracts.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Social activities. C) Language activities.B) Cultural activities. D) Sports activities.24. A) Tuesday. C) Thursday.B) Wednesday. D) Friday.25. A) ￡5. B) ￡30. C) ￡50. D) ￡55.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They have to take a lot of courses.B) They don’t need to go to labs.C) They take a very light class load.D) They have much free time for independent study.27. A) To establish a good image and a high reputation.B) To smoothly present their results and research.C) To make themselves confident and brave.D) To develop a creative mind.28. A) To make friends with their peers. C) To get the latest information.B) To get on well with their colleagues. D) To do research into other areas.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) The degree they disrupt the computer. C) The space they occupy in the Internet.B) The way they reproduce and spread. D) The target they mainly attack.30. A) It first appeared in 1988. C) It first broke out in Britain.B) It traveled via e-mail messages. D) It was meant to steal documents.31. A) They don’t damage computer systems.B) They need to attach themselves to other files.C) They could spread on their own through computer networks.D) They replicate themselves when data is shared with another computer system.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The components and functions of films.B) The standards used to value a film.C) The whole process of movie-making.D) The future development of the movie industry.33. A) Musical score. C) Special effects.B) Clothing design. D) The credits.34. A) It can make all the audiences crazy. C) It can spoil the image of an actor.B) It can affect the fashion of the world. D) It can make an ordinary person leap to fame.35. A) It was made during World War II. C) It reflects things in World War II.B) It was made for politicians. D) It was made for peace lovers.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The social effects of job-sharing are likely to be beneficial, since it attempts to match work opportunities to a wider variety of lifestyles. The (36) _________ of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more common: which was the husband and which was the wife would vary according to taste, time of life and career (37) _________.What exactly is job-sharing? The Equal Opportunities Commission (38) _________ it as “a form of part-time employment where two people (39) _________ share the responsibility of one full-time position.” Salary and benefits are (40)_________ between the t wo sharers. Each person’s terms and conditions of employment are the same as those of a full-timer. If each works at least 15 hours a week, then they enjoy certain (41) _________ rights that ordinary part-time workers do not have.Part-timers usually earn less per hour than a full-timer, and have fewer benefits and less job (42) _________. They have virtually no career prospects. Employers often think that working part-time (43) _________ that a person has no ambitions and so offer no chance of promotion.(44) ___________________________________________________________________ and that does not mean just married women. As Adrienne Broyle of “New Ways to Work”—formerly the London Job-Sharing Project —points out: “(45) ___________________________________________________________________”.“A growing number of men want to job-share so that they can play an active role in bringing up their children. It allows people to study at home in their free time, (46) ___________________________________________________________________. Job-sharing is also an ideal way for people to ease into retirement”.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Overprotective parents inhibit more than their kids’ freedom: they may also slow brain growth in an area linked to mental illness. Children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful are believed to be more susceptible to psychiatric disorders — which in turn are associated with defects in part of the prefrontal cortex (皮层).To investigate the link, Kosuke Narita of Gunma University, Japan, scanned the brains of 50 people in their 20s and asked them to fill out a survey about their relationship with their parents during their first 16 years. The researchers used a survey called the Parental Bonding Instrument, an internationally recognized way of measuring children’s relationships with their parents. It asks participants to rate their parents on stateme nts like “Did not want me to grow up”, “tried to control everything I did” and “tried to make me feel dependent on her / him”. Narita’s team found that those with overprotective parents had less grey matterin a particular area of the prefrontal cortex than those who had healthy relationships. Neglect from fathers, though not mothers, also correlated with less grey matter. This part of the prefrontal cortex develops during childhood, and abnormalities there are common in people with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Narita and his team propose that the excessive release of the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇) — due either to neglect, or to too much attention — and reduced production of dopamine as a result of poor parenting leads to stunted grey matter growth.Anthony Harris, director of the Clinical Disorders Unit at Westmead Hospital in Sydney, Australia, says the study is important for highlighting to the wider community that parenting styles can have long-term effects on children. But he adds that such brain differences are not always permanent. “Many individuals show great resilience (弹性),” he says. Stephen Wood, who studies adolescent development at the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia, says the brain abnormalities cannot necessarily be blame d on children’s relationship with their parents. He points out that the subjects studied may have been born with the abnormalities and as a result didn’t bond well with their parents, rather than vice versa. Wood also takes issue with the study team’s decision to exclude individuals with low socioeconomic status and uneducated parents —two factors known to contribute to poor performance in cognitive tests. “The effect they found may be real, but why worry about parenting if there are other factors that are so much larger?” he says.47. It is believed that children with overprotective or neglectful parents are _____________________.48. The researchers from Gunma University of Japan used a survey — the Parental Bonding Instrument — to measure _____________________.49. Narita’s team found that children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful had _____________________ in part of the prefrontal cortex.50. Stephen Wood from the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia says that children’s relationship with their parents cannot necessarily be blamed for _____________________.51. Stephen Wood believes that if there are other factors that are so much larger, it is no need worrying about _____________________.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy, triggering the most severe financial crisis since the 1920s.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm — double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in gua rantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile (动荡的). But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says, “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds — death, debt and divorce — still deliver works of art to themarket. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.52. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because .A) the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB) the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC) Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD) it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis53. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1-2, Para.3), the author suggests that .A) art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentB) collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsC) people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesD) works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying54. What do we learn about the art market from the passage?A) Nobody has confidence in the future of the art market.B) The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C) The art market generally went downward in various ways.D) Sales of contemporary art rose dramatically from 2007 to 2008.55. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are .A) auction houses’ favorites C) factors promoting artwork circulationB) contemporary trends D) styles representing impressionists56. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A) Art market in decline. C) Fluctuation of art prices.B) Up-to-date art auctions. D) Shifted interest in arts.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygi ene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable (可行的).”。