专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-13词汇及课后答案
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-3词汇及课后答案
Unit 3Language LearningWord Bankalign: v. to fall into a line成一条线ambitious adj. full of ambition; greatly (desire->) desirous; eager; requiring; challenging雄心勃勃的bottleneck n. the narrow part of a bottle near the top瓶颈(Certificate->) certify (=prove): v. to confirm; (quantity<->quality->)qualify确认cohort: n. a group of people一群人; a crowd of people; gang/ bandconcrete: 1.adj. actual; specific; real具体的; 2. n. (cement)混凝土cosmopolitan: world; international: adj.世界的，国际的curriculum: n. courses offered by an educational institution全部课程dual: adj. double成双的elementary (primary): adj. fundamental; basic基础的; chemical~化学元素; elementary (primary)school小学enroll (enlist): v. to enter or register in a roll征兵，招生; enable sb. to do sth.(execute->)executive: 1.adj. carrying out or executing; (administrate->) administrative; (manage->manager->) managerial执行的，行政的; 2. 首席执行(CEO)flagship: n. the chief one of a related group王牌，旗舰geometry: n. one branch of mathematics几何学(immerse->) immersion: n. covering with water; (submerge->) submerging it浸没; sub-/ sup-: under, e.g. submarine潜水艇;(indicate=imply->implication) indicative: adj. suggestive指示性的，象征性的initiate: v. to begin; start首创, 开始jointly: adv. in common; together共同地，联合地; join in加入launch: v. to set going; initiate发动，发射lottery: n. a selection made by lot from a number of applicants or competitors抓阄法，彩票；draw lots抽签notion: n. a belief or opinion思想，概念concept/ ideapaste: v. to adhere粘贴pipeline: n. a direct channel渠道，管道; smoke a pipe抽烟斗placement: n. assignment; arrangement布置，编排；place=put；placement test=streaming test 分班考试proponent: n. advocate (n./ vt.); supporter倡导者;pro-: 1. forward; 2. officiallyrecruit: v. to enroll; to enlist征募，招收secondary: adj. not primary; minor; lesser第二的，次等的; secondary school中专/ 中学; high schoolstint: n. task; limitation; restriction定额，限制(substance->) substantial: adj. material; true or real; ample (enough); (consider->) considerable 物质的，真实的，相当多的a substantial meal丰盛的饭triangle: n. the plane figure formed by connecting three points三角形；tri-：underwrite: v. to assume (=take responsibility) financial responsibility for同意承担的…费用(virtue->) virtually: adv. in fact; practically; nearly; almost实际上，几乎；virtual：adj. 1.虚拟的2. 实际的3.道德的Phrases and Expressionsbe in a position: be able to能够; be ready to do sth./ be willing to do sth.; pose->posing picture come by: to gain; to acquire/ get 获得from scratch: from the very beginning 从头开始，(give sb. a hand=) give sb. a leg up: to help improve the situation of帮某人改善状况(respond->) in response to: in answer to回应，响应take off: to achieve wide use or popularity广泛使用，大受欢迎; put on<->take off. E.g. ~one’s clothes; the plane will soon ~.(on the way#) under way: in operation; in progress进行中，启动; a bridge under building正在建设中的桥梁Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. Paris Buedel does all of the following except __C___.A. taking basketball lessonsB. playing the pianoC. going to art classesD. learning Chinese2. "The opposite trend" in Para. 3 probably means that ___B__.A. Americans begin to oppose other countriesB. Americans begin to learn languages of other countriesC. Americans have international content in their lifeD. Americans realize the usefulness of Mandarin3. According to Thomas Matts __A___.A. hundreds of secondary schools were able to offer courses in Chinese language and literatureB. since the Soviet Union launched Sputnik people haven't seen any interest in RussianC. advanced curriculum and exam in Chinese were requiredD. people are having more interest in Chinese than Russian4. Mayor Richard Daley of Chicago said: "I think there will be two languages in this world. There will be Chinese and English." His words imply that __C___.A. Chinese and English will be the only languages in the futureB. China and America will be the only important states in the futureC. Chinese and English will be the most important languages in the futureD. Chinese and English will make other languages extinct5. Which of the following is the obstruction of expanding Chinese instruction in U.S. schools? ( A )A. It is difficult to find qualified teachers and teaching materials.B. It is hard to find an active ally in the Chinese government.C. Chinese government didn't help sponsor the Chicago program and new Advanced Placement exam.D. There is not an agreement on building Chinese language programs in 2,000 public schools over the next five years.II. Complete the following (sum up) summary(->summarize)of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Paris Buedel, a typical American 8-year-old (boy), is (1) immersion"the fastest-growing (2) curriculum trends in U. S. schools: the study of Chinese. The interest inlearning Chinese in life because (4) Mandarin is spoken by more people than any other languages, and they appreciate the importance of China in the (5) global culture, politics and economy. The program of studying Chinese can be found in primary, secondary schools and at colleges and universities in (rural<->urban=) metropolitan areas like Chicago and in some towns like Glenwood and Chapel Hill. However, the biggest (6) obstacle to expanding Chinese instruction in U.S. schools is finding qualified teachers, for the federal No Child Left Behind legislation requires all teachers to be (7) certified. Finding suitable teaching materials is another bottleneck. They can't use materials from China because the curriculums are not (8) aligned (=same). Despite (=In spite of) all the difficulties, proponents are finding an active ally (cooperation) in the Chinese government. It helps (9) underwrite (take up some responsibility) the program and new Advanced Placement exam and has a new agreement with the College Board to build (set up/ establish) Chinese language programs in 2,000 public schools over the next five years. Moreover, the U.S. Department of Education and the Ministry of Education in Beijing have (10) cooperated to create Chengo (实用汉语), an online games-based program for beginning Chinese.VocabularyI . Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. Thomas holds a belief (=believes) in the ___A__ nature of reality. [believe sb.相信某人的话；believe in sb.=trust sb.信赖某人; believe in sth.持有某种信仰]A. dualB. bothC. eitherD. twin (孪生子)2. I think that the Christian baptism (洗礼) is by complete ___B__ of the person in water.A. (immense巨大的->) immensityB. immersionC. immorality不道德[immortal不朽]D. immaturity不成熟3. Man has a(n) __B___ need for love and (nurture->) nurturing (养育). nurture<->educationA. easyB. elementary(=basic)C. submerging(没入)D. direct (adj.直接的; vt.指引方向)4. This building represents the post-modernist __C___ in architecture. (arch-/ arc-:穹顶); bishop->archbishopA. markB. trench壕沟/ 战壕C. (social) trend趋势D. (personal) tendency趋向5. One common Chinese __D___ is that the elders ought to be respected.[respect: vt./n.尊敬；respectable值得尊敬的；respectful毕恭毕敬的；respective各自的]A. noticeB. ideaC. (object to) objection 反对D. notion6. This was the moment (time) when Spielberg's (job->) career (事业/生涯) really __D___.A. kept off保持距离B. cut off切断C. got off从…下来D. took off开始/ 起飞7. For low income families, mortgages (抵押贷款) are hard to __A___.A. come by (=get)B. come inC. come backD. come over8. He was appointed (任命) as the director to __B___ a team of investigators. [invest投资]A. overlook忽略(vt.)B. supervise监督(vt.)C. check (n./vt.)支票/审查/监控D. supply (vt./n.)供应9. The company __C___ the new perfume (香水) with prime-time commercials (commercial advertisements) on the major networks (网络). [be at one’s prime time正当年]A. startedB. beganC. launchedD. initiated10. You'll meet the same word again in a __A___ different context (上下文/ 语境).A. slightlyB. (delicate精巧的->delicacy美食) delicatelyC. lightlyD. rarely=hardly, seldom/ scarcely几乎不II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. under way in response to virtually ambitioussubstantial concrete proponent jointlyfrom scratch initiate recruit be in a position to executive secondary paste1. Despite (In spite of) some slight recovery, the world economic crisis is still2. My husband holds a position as the executive director (行政主管)(group剧团).paralyzed by the transit (transportation运输) strike.4. He then attempted (=tried) something more ambitious, a novel of 200,000 words.5. He started from scratch when he came to America.6. Ministry of Education introduced (引进) more flexible (灵活机动的) policy for colleges to recruit minority students.7. Buying cars in the second-hand market, you are in a position to bargain (make a bargain讨价还价).8. The lawyer was confident to win the case, for he had the concrete evidence needed to convict (vt.证明...有罪;n.罪犯).10. The (price<->) prize was given to a young proponent on women's education in Kenya for his work to ensure (mak e sure that…/ see to it that…确保…得以实现) the rights of citizenship of women.Part II TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.Paris is enrolled in a "dual immersion" program at the Glenwood Elementary School here in which the pupils-half native Chinese, half English speakers—do their lessons in two languages. The program is indicative of one of the fastest-growing curriculum trends in U.S. schools: the study of Chinese."Americans are used to hearing about people in other countries learning English. Now we're seeing the opposite trend," said Michael Levine, executive director of the Asia Society, which promotes international content in U.S. schools. "Parents and students are deciding that, since more people speak Mandarin than any other language, it might be a useful skill to have."参考译文：帕里斯参加了格兰乌德小学的“双语浸入式”项目，这个项目里的学生有一半的母语是汉语，有一半是英语，他们用两种语言上课。
研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)
Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. <Para. 1> If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. <Para. 2> You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. <Para. 5>… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. <Para. 6> … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. <Para. 9> Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed— and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? <Para. 13> Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.<Para. 13> Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/occupations that interest you. <Para. 13> You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. <Para. 18> Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.10.If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions.<Para.18> If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job pos tings and jobadvertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviewsin which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..11.Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. <Para. 20>Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for today may notbe in demand years from now. <Para. 21> Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will alwaysvalue while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.<Para. 21> When planning career for the long.run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14.Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interestsas they relate to possible career choices. <Para. 25> The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.<Para. 26> In thesection of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. <Para. 31> Itis great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17.The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though theconcept is especially important for career changers and college students.<Para. 33> All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension<1>According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from one’s currentjob/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.<2>The main idea of the passage:The passageoffers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.<3>Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframeranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.<4>In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers,such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.<5>Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle,likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A<1> on the move <2> In terms of <3> quintessential <4> perspective<5> priority<6> cloud <7> brainstormed <8> extravert, introvert<9> Reverting <10> timeframeSection B<1> A<2> B<3> C<4> C<5> A<6> D<7> D<8> A<9> C<10> A3. Cloze<1> right<2> not<3> wrong<4> First of all<5> knowledge<6> Only<7> no matter what<8> outperform<9> successful<10> higher<11> who<12> still<13> rather than<14> figure out<15> worst<16> Then<17> However<18> rehearse<19> more<20>instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1> Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, "failure is the mother ofsuccess.〞And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.<2>The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.<3>Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay1 / 432special attention to their children’s growth in this period.<4>Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.<5>You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan thatcan be fulfilled in one year.<6>In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, butit’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.<7>Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.<8>Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched intotwo distant species.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划.无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你.职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向.2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规X的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以与作战等情境.〔2〕谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致〔被服务者〕与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.〔3〕第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律.〔4〕但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以与面部识别等能力.〔5〕目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上.如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了. Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word<s><1> troublesome<2> strenuous<3> handicap <4> similar in meaning<5> applies <6> commendable <7> saturated <8> intimidating<9> attracting <10> What’s moreTrue or false(1)T<2>F<3>T<4>F<5>F<6>T<7>T<8>F.Unit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. <P ara.1>According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost <a person> specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.<Para.1>The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also prove d that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3.Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. <P ara.2> In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… <Para.2>deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5....even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. <P ara.2>…even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean "bleeding〞. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station.<Para.2> To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history.<Para.3> The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8.The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for3 / 434NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. <Para.3>The move—NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors— could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms.<Para.3>In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10."We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor, managing situationswith a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,〞says Larry Williams. <Para.3> We are talking about the movement —NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. <Para.5> The next step is toenable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv.high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely without precedent.<Para.5> In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give uptheir responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt.to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once itgets the green light. <Para.6> Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s ever been before.Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. <Para.8> If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it stillhasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. <Para.8> The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia andits 7 crew members in 2003.16.…the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a biggerrocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. <Para.9>… the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carryingcargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down theroad. <Para.9> Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits..payoff:n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanksto the climate crisis. <Para.9> The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.…the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneurpause. <Para.10> … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思.His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫.20.The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. <Para.11>Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension<1> In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson from makingameticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.<2>By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually canpay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.<3>NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacksfunding to keep its humanspaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.<4>There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies.The first is to get cargodelivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.<5>Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A<1> fanciful<2> eminent<3>meticulous<4>aloft<5>mogul<6> shortfall<7> quantify<8> relinquished<9> entrust<10> wholesaleSection B<1> C<2> B<3> C<4> D<5> B<6> C<7> B<8> D<9> C<10> B3. Cloze<1> predicted<2> pass<3> doubt<4> catch<5> running<6> high-lever<7> lag<8> convinced<9>assured<10> reasonably<11>dismissed<12> acute<13> called<14> offer<15> creation<16> feats<17> failed<18>lack<19> blame<20> boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1>By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a billion gallons ofpetrol could be saved.<2>Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about $310 million, a billthat increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.<3>Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far into the next century.<4>What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games day and night and5 / 436nothing can entice them from computers.<5>It’s an interesting suggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since it is so costly.<6>At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new opportunities ofemployment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.<7>A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while 45 percent stillbelieved in love at first sight.<8>Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional problems, schoolachievements and surroundings, etc.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite <Sputnik 1> on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership <known as the "Sputnik crisis〞>, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency <ARPA> was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空. 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站.去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX>为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭. 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕为其完成八次太空飞行任务.为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX> 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接.太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球.美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在20##投入使用.威廉说："从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了,而是想办法把送到.〞2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击.〔2〕人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是：浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害.〔3〕我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了.〔4〕每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星.〔5〕一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌.Text BThe New Space Race<1> left / flied away from<2> hesitated<3> prevented or impaired<4> brought back to use/ revived <5> unfriendly/ hostile<6> made free from bacteria<7> space / vacancy <8>vulnerable / weak<9> a kind of metal element <10> filled with/ full ofTrue or false<1> T<2> F<3> F<4> T<5> F<6> T<7> T<8> FUnit 3Text A.II. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.<Para. 1>The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2.What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed?<Para. 1>What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believe?requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?have/lack the requisite capital to start a business3.In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.<Para. 2>Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of <sb./sth.>; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you mean?sole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4.If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so.<Para. 1>If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfillwere not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness.<Para. 2>We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6.This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.<Para. 2>However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need,to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7.Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. <Para. 3>Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness. palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between <people or things>e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8.They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.<Para.3>For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.9.The desire of virtue is not as universal, but it is as authentic a fact, as the desire of happiness. <Para. 3>Although the7 / 43。
研究生英语阅读教程Unit13
The influence of music on society can be clearly seen from modern history. Music helped Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence. When he could not figure out the right wording for a certain part, he would play his violin to help him. The music helped him get the words from his brain onto the paper. Albert Einstein is recognized as one of the smartest men who has ever lived. A little known fact about Einstein is that when he was young he did extremely poor in school. His grade school teachers told his parents to take him out of school because he was "too stupid to learn" and it would be a waste of resources for the school to invest time and energy in his education. The school suggested that his parents get Albert an easy, manual labor job as soon as they could. His mother did not think that Albert was "stupid". Instead of following the school's advice, Albert's parents bought him a violin. Albert became good at the violin. Music was the key that helped Albert Einstein become one of the smartest men who has ever lived. Einstein himself says that the reason he was so smart is because he played the violin. He loved the music of Mozart and Bach the most. A friend of Einstein, G.J. Withrow, said that the way Einstein figured out his problems and equations was by improvising on the violin.
unit 13研究生基础英语(毛大威)课后答案Unit13
• 1. Comprehension question: • 1) Para 1 • They are no longer slackers or dropouts,they care about the rest of the world.
• 3.Para 2 • He thinks it is worth it. He wants to start his own business in a foreign country.
• 4. Para 3 • She realizes that reality is quite different from what is written in books.
• 5. Para 4 • Because he wants to study in MBA program to learn more about business theory.
Unit 13 Generation Global
• • • •
Prepare Yourself : 开始职业生涯 文化交流 异国情调 体验新文化 地球村 有效护照 办（好）签证 迎接挑战
• • • • • • • •
broaden one's outlook broaden one's knowledge enhance one's ability realize one's ideals full of vigor and vitality be active and enterprising seize the opportunity live a full life
• C) • challenging took case communication • set raise aware enough No capable
专业硕士研究生英语课后答案
专业硕⼠研究⽣英语课后答案Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/⽂选attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息，哽住devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发，发送epiphany: n. understanding 理解forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造，铸造gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品，⾮常有⽤的⼈genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的，明⽩的，清醒的omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略，疏忽plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境，状态seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管，负责⼈treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌，叛国罪vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people ⽆理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐，赶⾛be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look ⼀瞥turn into: to change into 进⼊，（使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A. is angry with his students.B. does not like his students forging excuse notes.C. blames the parents.D. teaches a successful writing class.2. Mikey missed school ____D____.A. because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB. because he did not like his teacherC. because his parents wanted him to be homeD. because he did not want to go to school3. When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A. very smart and imaginativeB. boredC. indifferentD. excited4. The principal of the school ____B____.A. blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B. praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C. was disappointed with the teacher.D. fired the teacher.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A. The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B. The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C. The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D. The students did not enjoy the teacher’s w riting class.II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr. McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing. He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents. He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the(4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries. The students were so smart that they could create a variety of(5)excuses. So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes. The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method. Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class. And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse. Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A. falseB. beautifulC. famousD. forged2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A. accuse3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A. reckonedB. beckonedC. softenedD. stiffened4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A. withB. byC. beforeD. for5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A. lucidB. dullC. unclearD. ambiguous6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A. politeB. boringC. vulgarD. pleasant7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A. contributedB. tributeC. attributedD. distributed8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A. omitB. permitC. summitD. illuminate9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A. light10. I have to __B___ my reputation.A. detectB. protectC. intactD. preventII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1. In the US. a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3. The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4. Can you turn this article into English?5. She took a glance at her watch.6. I know why this happened. You don't have to find any excuse.7. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8. This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9. Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10. Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译⽂：1.我每天收到以⽗母名义写的请假条，很多是学⽣⾃⼰写的。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-13词汇及课后答案
Unit 13FriendshipWord Bankaccount：n. a written or spoken description of an event(书面或口头)报告acquaintance: a person that you have met but do not know well相识，熟人affection: a feeling of liking for a person or place友爱，爱情commitment: a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular way承诺；责任；compatible: able to exist, live together, or work successfully with sth. or sb. else能共处的；能共存的；能相容的conservative: tending not to like or trust change, especially sudden change保守的，守旧的divorce: legal ending of a marriage离婚esteem: respect for or a good opinion of sb. 尊敬，尊重excessive: too much过度的，过多的generality: when what sb. says contains no details, and often very little meaning普遍性，通性intimate: having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship亲密的mobile: able to move freely or be easily moved可移动的，易变的，机动的pursue: to follow sb. or sth., usually to try to catch or kill them追随；跟随rarity: sth. that is very unusual, or the quality of being very unusual稀有relocate: to (cause a person or company to) move to a new place换一个地方；重新安置reveal: to make known or show sth. that is surprising or that was previously secret展现，显示，揭示，暴露spouse: a person's husband or wife配偶stigma: a strong feeling in society that a type of behavior is shameful耻辱；瑕疵superficial: only on the surface of sth. 表面的；肤浅的transient: lasting for only a short time; temporary短暂的widowed: having become a widow or a widower守寡的；成为鳏夫的Phrases and Expressionsattach to: to connect one thing with another系，连接break up: to stop a relationship(突然)结束encounter with: to meet sb., especially when you do not expect it偶遇end up: to finally be in a particular place, state, or situation, especially without having planned it以...结束，结果为...strike up: to start a conversation or relationship with sb. 交谈起来，结交起来Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. The authors say that Americans use the word "friend" differently than the way the dictionary defines the word. What do the authors mean by saying so? ( C )A. Americans use the word "friend" in a narrower sense than it is defined in the dictionary.B. Americans use the word "friend" to refer to close friends.C. Americans use the word "friend" in a larger sense than it is defined in the dictionary.D. The dictionary defines the word "friend" in a wrong way.2. Americans have a few close friends because __B___.A. they are lazyB. they do not have timeC. they have many commitments to friendshipD. both B and C3. According to the authors, how do many Americans behave with others even if they are strangers? ( D )A. They tend to be shy.B. They tend to smile.C. They tend to talk easily.D. Both B and C.4. In the United States, marriage relationships are __B___.A. all the sameB. different from couple to coupleC. arrangedD. mature5. The authors say that in the United States remarriage is considered normal, and they point out that grown sons and daughters often encourage their widowed or divorced parents to __C___.A. stay home aloneB. buy goldC. continue to socializeD. travelII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Americans use the word "friend" more extensively than what a dictionary defines. A friend might be an (1) acquaintance or an intimate companion. They might call anyone that they know about a friend. They, however, have (2) casual and friendly relationships with many people but develop deeper and closer (3) relationships with only a few. Americans are friendly who easily start conversations with (4) strangers and sometimes share their life stories with them. Due to different cultural backgrounds, American men and women have a (5) variety of relationships. Some might be lifelong friends but without sex contact. Some might live together as sex companions without getting married in the end. Some American (6) couples take themselves as best friends. More (7) divorced or widowed Americans remarried in their old ages.Americans make new friends easily and quickly because of (8) mobility. In general they do not (9) settle down in one place for good. They move from place to place for changing jobs, getting married, (10) attending universities or having children. Many of them do not have everlasting friendship.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. He had a deep ___D__ for his aunt.A. effectB. kindnessC. heartD. affection2. There has been a drop in public ___A__ for teachers.A. esteemB. affectionC. loveD. interest3. A(n) ___D__ is a person you've met but you would not call him a friend.A. neighborB. friendC. colleagueD. acquaintance4. The institution makes a __C___ to equal pay and opportunities for every employee.A. policyB. planC. commitmentD. schedule5. This software may not be __A___ with older operating systems.A. compatibleB. perfectC. falseD. legal6. Her biography ___C__ that she was not as rich as everyone thought.A. affectedB. recommendedC. revealedD. pointed7. He's a very ___C__ dresser—he always looks like he's wearing his father's clothesA. fashionableB. modernC. conservativeD. fancy8. She gave a thrilling ___B__ of her life in the jungle.A. speechB. accountC. presentationD. lecture9. His dog became his closest ___D__ during the last years of his life.A. enemyB. acquaintanceC. headmanD. companion10. Each of us may __A___ happiness in a very different way.A. defineB. sayC. readD. writeII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.superficial end up characterized pursue companionexcessive reveal rare divorce transientmobility encounter stigma break up intimate1. Despite their superficial similarities, the two novels are in fact very different.2. The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey.3. Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems.4. They got divorced after only six months of marriage.5. Some neck injuries cause total loss of mobility below the point of injury.6. We encountered quite a few problems at the beginning.7. He started drinking heavily after his marriage broke up.8. He will end up in prison if he steals.9. Steve has many friends but few intimate friends.10. This species of plant is becoming increasingly rare.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into English.1．朋友们都希望相互为伴，对彼此忠诚、无私。
研究生基础综合英语课后答案汇总附词汇
Unit 1 对F的赞美1今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。
只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。
2最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。
在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学力毕业证书。
他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。
3在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。
在每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。
这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！“我希望当时有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。
”“我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。
”“我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，及时我阅读不好，也不会写作。
”很多诸如此类的抱怨。
4我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前我将孩子们的学习能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其他妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。
但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。
要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。
然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。
这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。
5我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意。
我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
6当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。
“他坐在后排和他的朋友说话。
”她告诉我。
“你为什么不把他换到前排来？”我恳求道。
我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。
施蒂夫特夫人从眼睛上方冷冷地看着我。
“我不会换高年级学生的座位。
”她说，“我会给他们不及格的成绩。
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后习题Unit1-15汉译英全部精校版
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英Unit1-15)Unit 1B.1. 她计划自己创业。
她计划自己创业。
She plans to set up her own business2. 态度也很重要。
态度也很重要。
Attitude also matters.3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了.She had polished all the furniture before the gusts arrived.4. 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道handleSome managers have no idea how to handle people.5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record)We finished the work in record time.6. 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。
She likes everything to be in place before she starts working.7. 她常常一天工作12小时。
（put in）She often puts in 12 hours’’ work a day.She often puts in 12 hours8. 他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire）He acquired the information from the newspapers.9. 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺. ( Associate professor 副教授副教授 lecturer 讲师) There’’s an opening for an assistant in our department.There10. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊.The organization works to promote friendship between nations.Unit2B.1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。
（likely）She is very likely to ring me tonight.2. 我看不懂这篇文章（beyond）Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform）A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。
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Unit 13FriendshipWord Bankaccount：n. a written or spoken description of an event(书面或口头)报告acquaintance: a person that you have met but do not know well相识，熟人affection: a feeling of liking for a person or place友爱，爱情commitment: a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular way承诺；责任；compatible: able to exist, live together, or work successfully with sth. or sb. else能共处的；能共存的；能相容的conservative: tending not to like or trust change, especially sudden change保守的，守旧的divorce: legal ending of a marriage离婚esteem: respect for or a good opinion of sb. 尊敬，尊重excessive: too much过度的，过多的generality: when what sb. says contains no details, and often very little meaning普遍性，通性intimate: having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship亲密的mobile: able to move freely or be easily moved可移动的，易变的，机动的pursue: to follow sb. or sth., usually to try to catch or kill them追随；跟随rarity: sth. that is very unusual, or the quality of being very unusual稀有relocate: to (cause a person or company to) move to a new place换一个地方；重新安置reveal: to make known or show sth. that is surprising or that was previously secret展现，显示，揭示，暴露spouse: a person's husband or wife配偶stigma: a strong feeling in society that a type of behavior is shameful耻辱；瑕疵superficial: only on the surface of sth. 表面的；肤浅的transient: lasting for only a short time; temporary短暂的widowed: having become a widow or a widower守寡的；成为鳏夫的Phrases and Expressionsattach to: to connect one thing with another系，连接break up: to stop a relationship(突然)结束encounter with: to meet sb., especially when you do not expect it偶遇end up: to finally be in a particular place, state, or situation, especially without having planned it以...结束，结果为...strike up: to start a conversation or relationship with sb. 交谈起来，结交起来Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. The authors say that Americans use the word "friend" differently than the way the dictionary defines the word. What do the authors mean by saying so? ( C )A. Americans use the word "friend" in a narrower sense than it is defined in the dictionary.B. Americans use the word "friend" to refer to close friends.C. Americans use the word "friend" in a larger sense than it is defined in the dictionary.D. The dictionary defines the word "friend" in a wrong way.2. Americans have a few close friends because __B___.A. they are lazyB. they do not have timeC. they have many commitments to friendshipD. both B and C3. According to the authors, how do many Americans behave with others even if they are strangers? ( D )A. They tend to be shy.B. They tend to smile.C. They tend to talk easily.D. Both B and C.4. In the United States, marriage relationships are __B___.A. all the sameB. different from couple to coupleC. arrangedD. mature5. The authors say that in the United States remarriage is considered normal, and they point out that grown sons and daughters often encourage their widowed or divorced parents to __C___.A. stay home aloneB. buy goldC. continue to socializeD. travelII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Americans use the word "friend" more extensively than what a dictionary defines. A friend might be an (1) acquaintance or an intimate companion. They might call anyone that they know about a friend. They, however, have (2) casual and friendly relationships with many people but develop deeper and closer (3) relationships with only a few. Americans are friendly who easily start conversations with (4) strangers and sometimes share their life stories with them. Due to different cultural backgrounds, American men and women have a (5) variety of relationships. Some might be lifelong friends but without sex contact. Some might live together as sex companions without getting married in the end. Some American (6) couples take themselves as best friends. More (7) divorced or widowed Americans remarried in their old ages.Americans make new friends easily and quickly because of (8) mobility. In general they do not (9) settle down in one place for good. They move from place to place for changing jobs, getting married, (10) attending universities or having children. Many of them do not have everlasting friendship.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. He had a deep ___D__ for his aunt.A. effectB. kindnessC. heartD. affection2. There has been a drop in public ___A__ for teachers.A. esteemB. affectionC. loveD. interest3. A(n) ___D__ is a person you've met but you would not call him a friend.A. neighborB. friendC. colleagueD. acquaintance4. The institution makes a __C___ to equal pay and opportunities for every employee.A. policyB. planC. commitmentD. schedule5. This software may not be __A___ with older operating systems.A. compatibleB. perfectC. falseD. legal6. Her biography ___C__ that she was not as rich as everyone thought.A. affectedB. recommendedC. revealedD. pointed7. He's a very ___C__ dresser—he always looks like he's wearing his father's clothesA. fashionableB. modernC. conservativeD. fancy8. She gave a thrilling ___B__ of her life in the jungle.A. speechB. accountC. presentationD. lecture9. His dog became his closest ___D__ during the last years of his life.A. enemyB. acquaintanceC. headmanD. companion10. Each of us may __A___ happiness in a very different way.A. defineB. sayC. readD. writeII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.superficial end up characterized pursue companionexcessive reveal rare divorce transientmobility encounter stigma break up intimate1. Despite their superficial similarities, the two novels are in fact very different.2. The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey.3. Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems.4. They got divorced after only six months of marriage.5. Some neck injuries cause total loss of mobility below the point of injury.6. We encountered quite a few problems at the beginning.7. He started drinking heavily after his marriage broke up.8. He will end up in prison if he steals.9. Steve has many friends but few intimate friends.10. This species of plant is becoming increasingly rare.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into English.1．朋友们都希望相互为伴，对彼此忠诚、无私。