中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 11 new
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中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 12--World Heritage Sites
Natural Heritage
Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas
• Located in the mountainous northwest of Yunnan province • refer to the areas where the Jinsha River, the Lancang River and the Nujiang River flow roughly parallel through steep gorges • numerous natural resources and traditional customs of multiple ethnic minorities • harbour the richest biodiversity among the temperate areas of the world
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Mount Wuyi • Located south of Wuyishan city, Fujian province • subtropical virgin forests and many attractions of exceptional scenic quality • also known for its great historic and cultural value
Natural Heritage
Natural Heritage
Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area • Located in Songpan county, northwest of Sichuan province • Its most important feature is the outstanding karst formation. • tall arbours and shrubs, vines, herbs and moss, as well as rare and endangered plants that only China has. • enjoys the reputation of “Kingdom of Cold Temperate Plants”. • boasts more than 30 species of national Grade-A and Grade-B protected animals
中国文化概况
中国文化概况PPTword版2011-6-6说明：由于西区网络缘故，所发PPT打不开，现将课堂内容PPT转成word版，以此减少笔记的压力。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture学生版1About This Course▪Time: 24 hours, 2 hours/week，12 weeks.▪Objectives:1)Getting a better understanding of Chinese culture;2)Getting to know the key terms in Chinese culture and their English expressions;3)Obtaining a comparative perspective in Chinese culture4)Cultivating a critical attitude towards Chinese culture▪Requirements1)Class attendances2)Active participation3)Final examinationAbout the Final ExaminationI. Give brief statements to the following topics (20%)II. Fill in the following blanks (20%)III. True or False. (20%)IV. Discuss the following two topics no less than 200 hundred words each. Both English and Chinese are acceptable(40%)注明：1、课程总评计分按学校规定，采用百分制，其中卷面占70%，平时30%。
平时成绩考评，按教务规定。
2、考虑到大一的语言能力表达有限，试卷作答允许中文，但文化现象分析必须符合上课讲授的要求。
中国文化概况
第一章简论1. 泰勒的文化定义：文化是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗，和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。
2. 文化结构的四个层次：（1）物态文化层：指人的物质生产活动及其产品的总和，是看得见摸的着的具体实在的事物，如人们的衣、食、住、行等。
（2）制度文化层：指人们在社会实践中建立的规范自身行为和调节相互关系的准则。
（3）行为文化层：指人们在长期社会交往中约定俗成的习惯和风俗，它是一种社会的、集体的行为，不是个人的随心所欲。
（4）心态文化层：指人们的社会心理和社会的意识形态，包括人们的价值观念、审美情趣、思维方式以及由此而产生的文学艺术作品。
3. 中国文化的特点：（1）外在特点A.统一性：中国文化在其历史发展的长河中，逐渐形成了一个以华夏文化为中心，同时汇集了国内各民族文化的统一体。
B.连续性：中国文化在历史发展中没有中断过，它是一环扣一环地连续发展的。
C.包容性：中国文化能够兼收并蓄。
D.多样性：中国文化虽然是一个完整的统一体，但因中国地域广大，民族众多，所以内部的区域文化和民族文化又呈现出丰富多彩的差异。
（2）内在特点A.中国文化突出人文主义精神，它不像西方文化那样依附于神学独断。
中国虽然也有宗教，但它并没有渗透到日常生活的各个方面。
相反，在中国人的生活里，宗法道德观念才是维系整个社会的根本纽带。
B.中国文化注重和谐与中庸。
C.中国文化富于安土乐天的情趣。
第二章地理概况1.世界屋脊：青藏高原2.四大盆地：塔里木盆地、准格尔盆地、柴达木盆地、四川盆地3.四大平原：东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原、珠江三角洲平原4.西藏在（元朝）归入中国的版图。
5.明代设（奴儿干都司）管理整个黑龙江流域和乌苏里江流域。
6.从秦汉到隋代实行（郡县制），从唐宋到辽金实行（道路制），元明清三代实行（行省制）。
7.汉武帝将国分为（十三刺史部（也称十三州）），属于监察性质，还不是行政区域，但却是中国行政区划史上设“州”的开始。
中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 12 World Heritage Sites
These sites are the most essential part of China’s valuable and rich tourism resources. China also has rich non-material cultural heritage.
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Preservation
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World Heritage in China
The World Heritage List
established under terms of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(《保 护世界文化和自然遗产公约》) adopted in 1972 by UNESCO. China acceded to the Convention in 1987.
Discussion & Presentation
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Lead-in Activity
Watch & Think Watch the video and discuss： Do you any World Heritage Site in China? Do you prefer a natural heritage or a cultural heritage? Why?
Natural Heritage
Natural Heritage
Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area • Located in Songpan county, northwest of Sichuan province • Its most important feature is the outstanding karst formation. • tall arbours and shrubs, vines, herbs and moss, as well as rare and endangered plants that only China has. • enjoys the reputation of “Kingdom of Cold Temperate Plants”. • boasts more than 30 species of national Grade-A and Grade-B protected animals
中国文化概述 chapter 11 Architecture
Imperial palaces are where emperors lived and administered their court during their reign. They are the most revered, luxurious and grandiose architectural types from ancient China.
under ten, it was regarded an extremely lucky number. So, emperors liked to monopolize it to symbolize their superiority. Designs related to nine appeared almost on every imperial structure.
Beijing quadrangles (北京四合 院)
Quadrangle dwellings in Beijing are formed by four inward-facing houses, linked by enclosing walls. The principal room at the center is where family rituals take place and distinguished guests are welcomed. The houses all face a courtyard, connected by verandas (走廊).
本章教学的时间安排
教师课堂讲解 (60 minutes)
➢ 1. Architecture in Ancient China (10 minutes) ➢ 2. Famous Styles of Ancient Chinese
中国文化概况A-Glimpse-of-Chinese-Culture(修订版)Chapter-8
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Features of Chinese Food
Yin-yang Principle Each food has its own characteristics of yin or yang. Yin foods : thin, cold ,low calories.
Boiling makes food yin. Yang foods : rich, spicy, hot ,high calories.
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Features of Chinese Food
Seasonings
taste mainly depends on the seasonings. many tastes—salty (salt, soy sauce), sweet (sugar, honey), sour (vinegar), fragrant (sesame oil, coriander, wine), spicy(chilli, garlic, ginger), tangy(monosodium glutamate or MSG), bitter(dried tangerine, bitter apricot kernel),etc.
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Eight Regional Cuisines
Guangdong Cuisine also known as Yuecai (粤菜). fresh, crisp, tender, lightly
seasoned. roasting, stir-frying, sautéing,
deep-frying, stewing and steaming. porridges and soups
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Eight Regional Cuisines
Features of Chinese Food
Yin-yang Principle Each food has its own characteristics of yin or yang. Yin foods : thin, cold ,low calories.
Boiling makes food yin. Yang foods : rich, spicy, hot ,high calories.
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Features of Chinese Food
Seasonings
taste mainly depends on the seasonings. many tastes—salty (salt, soy sauce), sweet (sugar, honey), sour (vinegar), fragrant (sesame oil, coriander, wine), spicy(chilli, garlic, ginger), tangy(monosodium glutamate or MSG), bitter(dried tangerine, bitter apricot kernel),etc.
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Eight Regional Cuisines
Guangdong Cuisine also known as Yuecai (粤菜). fresh, crisp, tender, lightly
seasoned. roasting, stir-frying, sautéing,
deep-frying, stewing and steaming. porridges and soups
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Eight Regional Cuisines
中国文化概况(English)英语版
In other words: 己之所欲，亦施于人 “Do to others what you wish yourself.”
己所不欲,勿施于人
Do not do to others what you do not want others do to you.
① Confucius' Social Philosophy
温故而知新，可以为师矣。 If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.
③ Confucius's Educational Theory
“安土乐天”
Agricultural production relying heavily on nature, farming seasons and having favorable weather
--harmony of man with nature 天人合一 --Seeking harmony
Yuannan-Guizhou mountainous region; tropical rain forest
ocean
Influence: To provide natural advantages for Chinese culture
1) to develop independently 2) be free from the impact of foreign cultures Thus, Chinese culture is relatively stable , independent and distinctive.
己所不欲,勿施于人
Do not do to others what you do not want others do to you.
① Confucius' Social Philosophy
温故而知新，可以为师矣。 If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.
③ Confucius's Educational Theory
“安土乐天”
Agricultural production relying heavily on nature, farming seasons and having favorable weather
--harmony of man with nature 天人合一 --Seeking harmony
Yuannan-Guizhou mountainous region; tropical rain forest
ocean
Influence: To provide natural advantages for Chinese culture
1) to develop independently 2) be free from the impact of foreign cultures Thus, Chinese culture is relatively stable , independent and distinctive.
中国文化概论-2024鲜版
使用规范
遵循国家语言文字工作委员会发布的《现代汉语通 用字表》、《普通话异读词审音表》等规范标准， 注意避免使用生僻字和异体字，正确使用标点符号 等。
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03
哲学思想与宗教信仰自由政策
Chapter
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儒家思想体系及其影响
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儒家思想的核心观念
仁、义、礼、智、信等。
经典剧目欣赏
各剧种都有其经典剧目，如京剧《穆 桂英挂帅》、豫剧《花木兰》、越剧 《红楼梦》等。
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传统美术创作理念和代表作品
传统美术创作理念
注重意境的表现和情感的传达，追求笔墨的韵味和画面的诗意。
代表作品
中国传统美术作品丰富多样，如山水画、花鸟画、人物画等，代表作品有《清明上河图》、《富春山居图》等。
天文图谱与星表 古代中国天文学家编制了多种天文图谱和星表，如《石氏 星表》、《步天歌》等，为天文研究提供了重要资料。
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医学理论体系构建及治疗方法探讨
中医理论体系
中医以阴阳五行学说为 基础，构建了独特的医 学理论体系，包括脏腑 经络学说、病因病机学 说、诊法治则学说等。
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中药与方剂
地域性
中国文化具有鲜明的地域特色，不同地域的文化在饮食、建筑、 艺术等方面表现出多样性。
民族性
中国文化是多元一体的，由56个民族共同创造，各民族的文化 相互交融、相互影响。
包容性
中国文化具有强大的包容性，能够吸收和融合外来文化，形成独 特的文化景观。
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历史传承与发展脉络
历史传承
中国文化具有悠久的历史传承，自古至今，文化传承从未中断，形成了独特的文化传统。
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Beijing
Ming Tombs
• situated at the foot of the Heavenly Longevity Mountain • 13 emperors, along with 23 empresses and other royal families and maids in the Ming dynasty were buried here • harmony and unity with nature was paid attention to • reflect the philosophy of “the unity of heaven and humanity”
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Beijing
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Beijing
Forbidden City Tian’anmen Square Temple of Heaven Summer Palace Great Wall Ming Tombs
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Beijing
Introduction • China’s capital city • located in the northern part of the North China Plain • political and cultural center of China • has about 30 million permanent residents
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Beijing
Forbidden City
• a vast ancient architectural complex located in
the centre of Beijing • regarded as the finest example of traditional Chinese architecture • surround by a moat and walls • divided into two parts: the southern section (outer court) and the northern section (inner court) • 14 emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing dynasty reined in here • listed as World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO
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Lead-in Activity
Discuss Watch the video and discuss the following questions. 1 How do you define “food tourism”? 2 In your mind, does any country stands out at marketing the restaurants in the country? How is China doing in this area?
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Beijing
Great Wall
• its first major wall was built during the reign of Emperor Qinshihuang • today’s Great Wall of China was built during the Ming dynasty • in the aim of protecting people from raids by northern tribes • a symbol of Chinese character • listed as a World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987
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Beijing
Summer Palace
• largest imperial garden in the world • initial construction began in 1750 • commissioned by Emperor Qianlong as a birthday gift for her birthday • plundered by foreign troops in 1860 and innovated by Empress Dowager Cixi in 1886 • consists primarily of the Longevity Hill and Kunming Lade
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Beijing
Temple of Heaven
• situated in the southern part of Beijing • a place where the Ming and Qing emperors worshipped the god of Heaven and prayed for good harvests • the structure signifies Heaven and Earth • a cultural museum which merges architecture, aesthetics, acoustics, astronomy, calendar, music and dance into a integral whole
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Beijing
Tian’anmen Square • the symbol of New China • North: Tian’anmen Gate Tower Center: Monument to the People’s heroes West: Great Hall of the People East: National Museum of China
中国文化概况
A GLIMPSE OF CHINESE CULTURE
1
Chapter 11
Major Tourist Cities
2
学习目标
•介绍中国重点旅游城市； •熟悉中国旅游概况。
3
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Tourism
Discussion & Presentation
5
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Tourism
Discussion & Presentation
6
Chinese Tourism
1
2
35
8 4
6
7
Welcome Aboard: 1 Beijing 2 Xi’an 3 Hangzhou 4 Nanjing 5 Shanghai 6 Kunming 7 Guilin 8 Lhasa
Beijing
Ming Tombs
• situated at the foot of the Heavenly Longevity Mountain • 13 emperors, along with 23 empresses and other royal families and maids in the Ming dynasty were buried here • harmony and unity with nature was paid attention to • reflect the philosophy of “the unity of heaven and humanity”
7
Beijing
8
Beijing
Forbidden City Tian’anmen Square Temple of Heaven Summer Palace Great Wall Ming Tombs
9
Beijing
Introduction • China’s capital city • located in the northern part of the North China Plain • political and cultural center of China • has about 30 million permanent residents
10
Beijing
Forbidden City
• a vast ancient architectural complex located in
the centre of Beijing • regarded as the finest example of traditional Chinese architecture • surround by a moat and walls • divided into two parts: the southern section (outer court) and the northern section (inner court) • 14 emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing dynasty reined in here • listed as World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO
4
Lead-in Activity
Discuss Watch the video and discuss the following questions. 1 How do you define “food tourism”? 2 In your mind, does any country stands out at marketing the restaurants in the country? How is China doing in this area?
14
Beijing
Great Wall
• its first major wall was built during the reign of Emperor Qinshihuang • today’s Great Wall of China was built during the Ming dynasty • in the aim of protecting people from raids by northern tribes • a symbol of Chinese character • listed as a World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987
13
Beijing
Summer Palace
• largest imperial garden in the world • initial construction began in 1750 • commissioned by Emperor Qianlong as a birthday gift for her birthday • plundered by foreign troops in 1860 and innovated by Empress Dowager Cixi in 1886 • consists primarily of the Longevity Hill and Kunming Lade
12
Beijing
Temple of Heaven
• situated in the southern part of Beijing • a place where the Ming and Qing emperors worshipped the god of Heaven and prayed for good harvests • the structure signifies Heaven and Earth • a cultural museum which merges architecture, aesthetics, acoustics, astronomy, calendar, music and dance into a integral whole
11
Beijing
Tian’anmen Square • the symbol of New China • North: Tian’anmen Gate Tower Center: Monument to the People’s heroes West: Great Hall of the People East: National Museum of China
中国文化概况
A GLIMPSE OF CHINESE CULTURE
1
Chapter 11
Major Tourist Cities
2
学习目标
•介绍中国重点旅游城市； •熟悉中国旅游概况。
3
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Tourism
Discussion & Presentation
5
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Tourism
Discussion & Presentation
6
Chinese Tourism
1
2
35
8 4
6
7
Welcome Aboard: 1 Beijing 2 Xi’an 3 Hangzhou 4 Nanjing 5 Shanghai 6 Kunming 7 Guilin 8 Lhasa