中国药物依赖 english to chinese
如何促进中国医药的发展英语作文
如何促进中国医药的发展英语作文How to Promote the Development of Chinese MedicineIntroductionChinese medicine, also known as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has a long history and profound cultural heritage in China. It includes various forms of treatment such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and Qigong. In recent years, Chinese medicine has gained increasing attention and recognition worldwide for its unique therapeutic effects and holistic approach to health. However, despite its long history and rich resources, there are still challenges and obstacles facing the development of Chinese medicine in China. In this essay, we will discuss ways to promote the development of Chinese medicine in China.1. Improving the regulatory frameworkOne of the major challenges facing Chinese medicine is the lack of a comprehensive regulatory framework. Currently, Chinese medicine is regulated under different departments and agencies, leading to confusion and inconsistency in the standards of practice and quality control. To promote the development of Chinese medicine, it is necessary to establish aunified regulatory framework that can ensure the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal products and services. This framework should include regulations on licensing and accreditation, product registration, and professional standards for practitioners.2. Increasing investment in research and developmentAnother key factor in promoting the development of Chinese medicine is investment in research and development. Despite the long history of Chinese medicine, there is still a lack of scientific evidence to support its effectiveness and safety. To address this issue, it is important to increase investment in research and development of Chinese medicine. This includes conducting clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese medicine, identifying active ingredients in herbal medicines, and developing modern diagnostic tools and techniques based on TCM principles.3. Promoting international collaboration and exchangeIn order to promote the development of Chinese medicine, it is important to promote international collaboration and exchange. Chinese medicine has a unique perspective on health and disease that can benefit people from different cultural backgrounds. By collaborating with international partners,Chinese medicine can gain recognition and acceptance worldwide. This includes sharing knowledge and expertise in TCM with other countries, participating in international conferences and seminars, and establishing partnerships with foreign institutions and organizations.4. Enhancing education and training programsIn order to promote the development of Chinese medicine, it is important to enhance education and training programs for TCM practitioners. Currently, there is a lack of qualified and skilled practitioners in Chinese medicine, especially in rural areas. To address this issue, it is necessary to establish standardized curriculum and training programs for TCM practitioners, provide support for continuing education and professional development, and promote the integration of TCM into mainstream healthcare systems.ConclusionIn conclusion, Chinese medicine has the potential to play a significant role in promoting health and wellness worldwide. However, in order to realize this potential, it is important to address the challenges and obstacles facing the development of Chinese medicine. By improving the regulatory framework, increasing investment in research and development, promotinginternational collaboration and exchange, and enhancing education and training programs, we can promote the development of Chinese medicine and contribute to the health and well-being of people around the world.。
宣扬中国传统医药的英语作文
宣扬中国传统医药的英语作文The Enduring Wisdom of Traditional Chinese Medicine Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) isn't just a system of healing; it's a philosophy, a way of life, woven into the fabric of Chinese culture for millennia. It views the body as a microcosm of the universe, a delicate balance of Yin and Yang energies flowing through meridians, connecting our organs and influencing our well-being. Unlike Western medicine's focus on treating symptoms, TCM seeks to address the root cause of illness, restoring harmony within the body and promoting overall wellness. One of TCM's cornerstones is herbal medicine, a vast pharmacopoeia harnessing the healing properties of plants, minerals, and even animal products. Formulas, often complex and tailored to the individual, are prescribed to address specific imbalances. For example, ginseng, a popular herb, is used to boost energy and strengthen the immune system. Acupuncture, another key component, involves the insertion of fine needles at specific points along the meridians to stimulate energy flow and alleviate pain. Practices like cupping and moxibustion further enhance circulation and promote healing. TCM extends beyond physical ailments, encompassing mental and emotional well-being. Practices like Tai Chi and Qigong cultivate inner peace and balance through gentle movements and meditation. Dietary therapy emphasizes the energetic properties of foods, advocating for a balanced diet that supports the body's natural rhythms. This holistic approach acknowledges the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit, recognizing that true health encompasses all aspects of our being. The efficacy of TCM has been demonstrated over centuries, passed down through generations of practitioners and documented in ancient texts. While Western medicine often focuses on treating isolated symptoms, TCM seeks to understand the underlying patterns of disharmony. This holistic approach resonates with many who seek a more natural and preventative approach to healthcare. For instance, acupuncture has gained recognition for its effectiveness in managing chronic pain, while herbal remedies are increasingly sought after for their gentler side effects compared to pharmaceuticals. In an age of technological advancements, TCM's enduring wisdom continues to offer valuable insights into human health and well-being. It reminds us of the importance of living in harmony with nature and with ourselves. As wenavigate the complexities of modern life, TCM offers a path towards balance, resilience, and a deeper understanding of our own bodies and minds. Itsprinciples of holistic health and preventative care are increasingly relevant in a world grappling with chronic diseases and stress-related illnesses. While scientific research on TCM is ongoing, its long history and growing popularity speak volumes about its potential. As we move forward, embracing both the advancements of modern medicine and the ancient wisdom of traditions like TCM, we pave the way for a more comprehensive and integrated approach to healthcare, one that recognizes the interconnectedness of our physical, mental, and emotionalwell-being. Idiomatic Expressions: woven into the fabric: an integral part of something (origin: textile industry) cornerstone: a fundamental principle (origin: architecture) harnessing the healing properties: utilizing the beneficial qualities (origin: agriculture) boost energy: increase vitality (origin: mechanics) gained recognition: achieved acknowledgment (origin: social dynamics) speak volumes: convey a lot of information without words (origin: literature) pave the way: prepare for something (origin: construction) grappling with: struggling with (origin: combat sports)。
chinese to english words
危机 crisis
粗鲁的、简陋的 crude
暗示 cue
货币 currency
堤坝 dam
飞奔 dash
交易，给予 deal
争论，辩论 debate
组成 consist
坚持 consistent
忠诚的，经常的 constant
构成 constitute
当代的 contemporary
大陆 continent
争论 controversy
干草 hay
因此，今后 hence
山岗，高地，小山 hill
拿，握，掌握 hold
拥有，维持，认为 hold
占据，容纳，举行 hold
适用，掌握，担任 hold
洞，孔，窘境，缺陷 hole
神圣的，奉承的 holy
干的 dry
详尽的，复杂的 elaborate
电子 electorn
拥抱，包含，接受 embrace
发出，射出 emit
忍受、持续 endure
敌人 enemy
吸引，订婚，从事 engage
集中 concentrate
涉及、关联 concern
让步、妥协 concession
坦白、承认 confess
证实，确认，批准 confirm பைடு நூலகம்
意识到 conscious
准许 consent
保存 conservative
鼓，桶 drum
应得的，到期的 due
乏味的，低沉的 dull
耐用的 durable
染料 dye
进化，发展 evolve
《中药学专业英语Traditional-Chinese-Medicines》
Recently, with the changes of human illness the people all over the world are making an appeal to go back to the nature, and getting to like natural resource. Meanwhile the influence of Chinese herbal medicines is over increasing in many countries.
et cetra = and so on
Compilation of Chinese Herbal Drugs 《全国中草药汇编》
An Encyclopedia of Chinese Materia Medica 《中药大辞典》
Chinese National Minorities Medicines, 《中国少数民族药物志》
Quality control is one of the important requirements for satisfactory curative effect of CMM. The scientific research groups, led by Prof. XU Guojun of our university and all, have done systematic studies on 105 different medicinal herbs. eg. Radix Codonopsis, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Coptidis, tec., and proposed the criteria and methods of differentiating the Chinese medicinal herbs. It is significant for revising the national standards of some common-used Chinese materia medica.
BBC地平线系列之《药物依赖》
BBC地平线系列之《药物依赖》245第1集:人的一生要吃四千粒药Over the course of your lifetime, 在你的一生中you're likely to be prescribed more than 14,000 pills. 医生可能给你开了超过一万四千颗药丸Tiny little spheres of 这种小小的粉末压片crushed powder with almost magical effects, 有着魔法般的功效pills that will possibly save 药物可以拯救生命and extend your life by decades. 并将寿命延长数十年Any medicine actually is a miracle. 实际上任何药物都是一种奇迹If you really think about what a medicine does, 只要你想想药物的工作原理that you can design a small chemical 人居然能研制出一种化学药品to interfere with a biological process to alter disease... 调控生物进程进而治疗疾病...I mean, it is just astonishing that you ever get there. 我们能做到这一点真的令人嗔目结舌These miraculous pills 这些神奇药物得以出现often owe as much to serendipity as science. 所需的运气与研究并重We started with a drug that we hoped would be effective in angina 我们研制这种药的初衷是为了治疗心绞痛and we ended up with a medicine 最后却发现这种药物that was highly effective in erectile dysfunction. 对治疗阳痿非常有效This accidental nature of drug discovery means little is known 这种药物发现的偶然性表明about what they can do until we all take them. 在服用药物前我们对它知之甚少In many ways you learn as much about 即便投放市场之后your medicine after it's launched as you knew before. 你对药物许多方面的了解也并无增加246第2集:依靠药物过日子Our relationship with pills 我们和药物的联系starts from the very beginning of our lives, 从生命的最初开始from the medicines handed to us by our parents. 从父母递给我们药片时就开始了I used to get so upset having to 以前必须吃这些止痛药take these pain killers because I didn't want to, 总让我很烦恼因为我不想吃so my mum, I was probably about five, 我当时大概五岁所以我妈and my mum used to snap them in half 把它们掰成两半and tip the actual medication into orange squash for me. 把药倒到橙汁里给我喝My mum gives me my tablets every day. 我妈妈每天都给我吃药As we grow up, we begin to pop pills for everything. 随着我们长大我们开始凡事依赖药物There are the antibiotics we take to fight off disease, 我们服用抗生素去抗击疾病more than one course every two years of our lives. 每两年还要吃不止一个疗程The 28,000 pain killers we each take 有28000种止痛药供人挑选to make us feel better. 用于减少痛苦Pills to stop us having babies. 还有帮人避孕的药片I actually got pregnant on the pill. 我其实是靠吃药帮助才怀孕的So... 所以Medicines to carry us through middle age. 帮人度过中年综合症的药物Statins. 抑制素Even tablets to extend our youth 甚至还有帮我们延缓衰老and improve our performance in bed. 提升床上战斗力的药物247第3集:葛兰素史克This is a temple to modern science - 这是现代科学的一座神殿the pharmaceutical labs at GSK. 葛兰素史克公司的制药实验室But modern drug discovery relies 但现代药品的发现more on an automated lottery than careful design. 更依赖于运气而不是精心的设计This store of chemical compounds 这个化合物仓库is the company's crown jewels. 就是公司的核心所在This is where their new drugs come from. 这就是新药物的来源地In here is a library of 这里是超过两百万的over two million nameless chemical compounds. 未命名化合物的仓库The scientists know very little about them. 科学家们对它们了解甚少They could be highly toxic, 它们可能有剧毒or they could be harbouring a life-saving drug. 也可能是治病救人的良药It really is trying to find a needle in a haystack. 这实际上是海底捞针It is about getting the samples out, 我们需要取出样品processing them, screening them 进行加工筛选and hoping we find that that chemical compound 希望能发现一种化合物that is active against those disease areas. 能够对某种疾病有效248第4集:药物合成A known disease molecule, called the target, 一种已知的疾病分子我们称为靶分子is introduced to each of the two million compounds, one by one, 逐一加入到这两百万化合物中to see if anything happens. 去观察是否有反应With the two million or so compounds, 在这两百万的化合物中we might get a few 我们可能会发现compounds that are active against that target. 一些化合物对靶分子有效We then have to take that one or two hits 然后我们得抓住这一个或两个的机会and the chemists will make hundreds, maybe thousands, of samples 化学家根据它们的母核结构related to that original 合成出成千上万的类似物structure to try and improve the activity 以期提高其活性and most importantly try 最重要的是to negate any safety or undesirable effects. 消除一切危险的和预期外的功效We have to screen those over and over 我们必须一遍一遍地筛选again to make sure that we're going in the right direction. 确保我们的方向正确After hundreds of millions of tests, 在数以万计的测试后just a handful will make it through to trials on people. 只有少量的药品会进行人体测试In all, it takes about 1 billion and 15 years' work 总的来说需要10亿的投入和15年的工作to find the winning compound that can become a licensed drug. 才能找到一种可以获批投产的化合物The journey to a medicine is an epic journey. 寻找药物的旅程是宏大的That whole process from idea through to a drug approved 从想法的形成到药品审批通过的整个过程is one littered with failure. 失败一直如影随形249第5集:使人注意力集中的药His newfound ability to concentrate 他现在能够集中注意力is largely thanks to a drug called methylphenidate, 多亏了这种叫哌醋甲酯的药best known to most of us by a brand name - Ritalin. 大家更熟悉的是它的商品名利他林It takes about 30-40 minutes for it to work, 大概30到40分钟就能发挥药效and it's not like Liam suddenly goes docile. 当然也并非利亚姆突然就变温顺It just basically does have a calming effect on him. 它只是有种镇定的功效He doesn't seem to be as hyperactive 他不再过度亢奋on the medication and he is able to sit quietly, 服药期间他可以安静地坐着be able to focus on things like his homework 可以集中精力在他的作业上or just, just basically have 或者只是...a more normal life, really. 只是过上正常一点的生活And, as for thousands of other children, 如同对成千上万其他孩子一样Ritalin has had a remarkable effect on Liam. 利他林对利亚姆非常有效I feel calm. 我感觉很镇静I don't feel like excited. 没有觉得很激动I feel energy because I 我以前觉得精力充沛can just run around all day if I wanted to 如果我愿意我可以跑一天but I'm just calm now. 但我现在只是觉得很镇静And I'm excited as well. 也有点兴奋250第6集:从药物中获利Liam, there's cars coming. Straight here now! 利亚姆有车来了赶紧过来And this is Ed. 这位是埃德I've just finished my law exams for this year. 我刚考完了今年的法律考试I've got a triathlon coming up in two days' time 我这两天还得参加铁人三项and I've got a couple of jobs 而且我还有一堆工作on the go at the minute so things can be quite hectic. 最近忙个不停所以事情很忙乱It does sometimes feel like 有时候我感觉there aren't quite enough hours in the day. 一天的时间并不够用Don't, Liam! 不要利亚姆!For very different reasons, 虽然原因不同both Ed and Liam have found benefits from the same drug. 埃德和利亚姆都从同种药物中获益Aged five, Liam was diagnosed 五岁的时候利亚姆被确诊为with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD. 注意力不足过动症简称ADHDCome on, your hot chocolate's ready. 来吧你的热巧克力好了Now, five years later, 现在五年过去了Liam's life has been transformed. 利亚姆的生活有了很大改变Here you go. 到你了Thank you. One, two, three, four, five. Excuse me. 谢谢一二三四五打断一下Whose go is it next? 下一个到谁Mine? No it was me, you... 我不是我是你251第7集:治疗各种疾病的药物Despite the minute success rate, 尽管成功几率微乎其微the potential rewards are enormous. 但潜在的回报却是巨大的We hope there would be chemicals in here 我们希望这其中有一种化学成分that would be the future cures for all sorts of disease areas. 可以在未来治愈所有疾病It would be nice to think that here 想象一下就在这里we do have the cures for cancer, AIDS, Malaria, 能找到种药物治愈癌症艾滋病疟疾any of the world Health Organisation top priorities. 及所有世卫组织高度关注的疾病那该多好If drugs are not designed but discovered, 倘若药物并非设计而是偶然发现得来then it should come as no surprise that 那么只有我们亲身尝试后we only find out what they really do to us when we take them. 才知道它真正的效用也并不奇怪Give me your hand. Give me your hand. Liam! 把手给我把手给我利亚姆This is Liam. 这是利亚姆Aged five, he was disruptive, hyperactive and unable to focus. 五岁过度活跃没办法集中252第8集:药物的副作用Now without the medication, 如果没有药物帮助you could ground Liam and he would go back the next day 你可以给利亚姆禁足但第二天and do the same thing that he'd been grounded for. 他会又会重犯让他禁足的错误With medication it just enables him to consider the consequences, 在药物的帮助下他可以去更清楚地a little bit more clearly, of his actions. 考虑行动的后果It was only by accident 研究人员是在偶然间that researchers discovered drugs like Ritalin 发现像利他林这种药could help children with behavioural problems concentrate better. 可以帮助有行为问题的儿童更好地集中精力These drugs were originally designed 这些药在50年前50 years ago for the treatment of adults with depression. 是为治疗成人的抑郁症而设计的It's only now 然而直到现在we are beginning to understand how they work. 我们才开始了解它的作用机理ADHD is believed to be caused by an imbalance ADHD是由于大脑中of key chemical messengers in the areas 控制注意力和工作记忆区域里的of the brain that control attention and working memory. 关键化学递质不平衡引起的Ritalin appears to make these 利他林似乎能让这些messengers more effective, helping to restore attention. 递质更加强效进而帮助恢复注意力Like all drugs, Ritalin comes with a cost. 和所有药物一样利他林也有副作用It can cause a loss of appetite and insomnia. 它可能引起食欲降低和失眠But now another benefit has 但现在又发现了它的另一个功效been revealed from which we could all profit. 可以惠及我们所有人253第9集:增强剂Initially when I took the Ritalin, I didn't feel any difference. 起初我吃它并没有感觉到不同Only really afterwards did I actually 等到一段时间过后notice that I felt slightly more focused than I usually do. 才发现我比平时更集中精力I found it really difficult to kind of get into that mental state 我发现要进入那种where I kind of felt I could just sit and do nothing. 干坐着不干活的精神状态很困难I found myself looking for things to occupy my attention. 我发现自己在找东西来占据注意力Ritalin can work as a cognitive enhancer. 利他林也可以用作认知增强剂If a person without ADHD takes it, 如果一个没有患ADHD的人服用它it can make them cleverer. 它可以使他们更聪明It's a discovery not lost on the country's academic elite. 这个发现并没有被学术精英们忽视Here at Cambridge University, students are abusing Ritalin 在剑桥大学学生们滥用利他林or its close relative, modafinil, to help them get ahead. 或者它的类似物莫达非尼来增进学业A few of my friends do what they call modafi-vising. 我的一些朋友服用他们所谓的莫达聪明剂It can keep them up for 24 hours and they can keep on going. 它可以使他们24小时保持兴奋I think they feel pretty shocking after it, 我想他们过后肯定会很心烦意乱but if you need to do a lot of work in a short amount of time, 但如果要在短时间里完成大量工作then that's one way I've heard it can be done. 这就是我所知道的有效方法254第10集:药物的好处People who do take Ritalin, I think they see 我认为服用利他林的人the benefits of it and it does help them with their revision. 看到了它的好处它的确帮助他们复习My friends that do, tend to do pretty well but I, 我的那些服用过的朋友表现更出色一些I like to think that's because they're quite clever. 但我还是愿意相信是因为他们天资聪颖Ed wasn't taking Ritalin for illicit gain. 埃德服用利他林并非出于不当目的He took it at the behest of this woman. 他是在这位女士的委托下服用的Barbara Sahakian is Professor of 芭芭拉·萨哈金Clinical Neuropsychology at Cambridge University. 是剑桥大学临床神经心理学的教授She's researching what drugs for 她在研究治疗ADHD的药物those with ADHD can do to the brains of the healthy. 对健康人大脑的作用Well, we knew that the drug worked as a cognitive enhancer 我们知道这个药可以用作for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 多动症儿童的认知增强剂but would they also work in, 但对没有问题的健康人in healthy people who didn't have any problems? 它也能有作用吗Could we actually boost cognition 我们真的可以in somebody who was you know functioning well? 提高健康人的认知能力吗Ed was one of her research volunteers. 埃德是自愿受试者之一They were each given Ritalin 他们每个人都服用利他林and put through a variety of intelligence tests. 并进行一系列的智力测试255道德争强论、Professor Sahakian found the drug had 萨哈金教授发现这种药物also boosted levels of chemical messengers in healthy brains, 也可以提高健康大脑内化学递质的水平increasing their concentration levels too. 进而也提高他们的专注性We were a bit surprised that 我们有一些惊讶于in healthy people you could boost cognition. 它也可以提高健康人的认知能力It reveals ADHD is not a black and white disorder. 这表明注意力不集中症状并不绝对It's a spectrum, a spectrum we are all on. 它只是个范围人人都可能有点Some people are very impulsive, 有些人很冲动other people are not impulsive at all. 有些人却一点也不I think we all know friends of 我想我们都认识这样一些朋友ours who might do something that we wouldn't do 他们会做出我们不会做的事情and then it's a question of if we go 只要我们将范围扩大further up that spectrum, that we may start to find somebody 我们就会开始发现who is actually not functioning very well 有些人并不是很健康because their impulsive behaviour or their lack of attention 因为他们的行为冲动或缺乏注意力is very bad and therefore they do actually need a treatment. 是不好的表现他们亟需治疗This potential to make us all cleverer 这种使人变聪明的潜在可能性opens an ethical minefield. 引发一场道德上的争论256 药物滥用If you want to do well, 如果你想要表现好I feel that should be a personal achievement 我认为就应该靠个人努力as opposed to enhanced by artificial mechanisms. 而不是通过来人为的机制来提高If a lot of people took it, 如果大量的人服用它then people would have to 那么人们就必须服用take it to be able to compete with their peers. 这样才能和同龄人竞争To be perfectly honest, doing what it does, if it was legal, 坦诚地说如果这么做是合法的and it was safe, everyone would be doing it. 并且安全的那么每个人都会服用Already it's being put to use among professionals. 现在一些专业人士已经开始服用了Professors are using it to help them work, 教授们用它们来帮助工作and surgeons are looking at it 外科医生们服用它as a way of staying alert during long and complex surgery. 是为了在长时间复杂手术中保持敏锐But for Professor Sahakian 但是对于萨哈金教授the question remains 依然存在一个问题will it actually make our lives better? 它真的能改善我们的生活吗Suppose we took cognitive enhancing drugs 假如我们服用提高认知的药物and we got all our work done in a short period of time, 我们在短时间内把工作做完we could go home, spend time with our 我们就可以回家和家人在一起family and improve our work/life balance. That would be great. 改善工作与家庭之间的平衡那很不错But it's more likely with the 但是当今社会type of society that we seem to be moving towards 正朝向无休止地工作发展that it will be this 24/7 因此更有可能出现的情况是society so we'll take these drugs so we can 我们服用这些药物work longer, so we can travel more and do 是为了让做工作时间更长旅行更多more work so it will 然后做更多的工作disrupt our work/life balance even more. 因此会使工作与生活的平衡变得更糟第13集:257畅销药物I'm always looking for ways that I can squeeze more in. 我一直都在想办法挤出更多的时间At one point I did think I'm going 有时候我真的认为to have to give up eating, sleeping or one of my jobs. 我会废寝忘食或是放弃一项工作It did cross my mind actually that 我的确有过这样的想法if I could get my hands on something like that again, 如果我能再一次服用那种药物it would be, you know... maybe to my advantage. 也许也许会增加我的优势I'm not sure about a pill 我不会用这种药that would make you more intelligent. 这种能让人变聪明的药物We're happy being a bit... on the thick side. 我们就这样笨笨的也挺开心的Yeah, being a bit thick's OK. 是的笨一点也挺好的We'd like to think our drugs are designed 我们都一厢情愿地认为for exact purposes, 药物是为特定目的而设计的but they're not as targeted as we think. 但是它们并不像我们想象的那么有准头We only discover where in our bodies 当我们服药的时候they work when we take them. 我们仅仅知道它的作用部位It turns out Ventolin inhalers, 实际上喘乐宁气雾剂a treatment for asthma, 一种治疗哮喘的药物can also prevent premature labour, 同样可以预防早产and arsenic, a notorious poison, 砒霜一种毒药is making a comeback as a treatment for leukaemia. 正在白血病治疗中崭露头角Even the fastest-selling drug 即便有史以来最畅销的药物of all time is not used for what it was designed. 它现在的用途也并非当初设计的初衷《药物依赖》第12集:滥用药物If you want to do well, 如果你想要表现好I feel that should be a personal achievement 我认为就应该靠个人努力as opposed to enhanced by artificial mechanisms. 而不是通过来人为的机制来提高If a lot of people took it, 如果大量的人服用它then people would have to 那么人们就必须服用take it to be able to compete with their peers. 这样才能和同龄人竞争To be perfectly honest, doing what it does, if it was legal, 坦诚地说如果这么做是合法的and it was safe, everyone would be doing it. 并且安全的那么每个人都会服用Already it's being put to use among professionals. 现在一些专业人士已经开始服用了Professors are using it to help them work, 教授们用它们来帮助工作and surgeons are looking at it 外科医生们服用它as a way of staying alert during long and complex surgery. 是为了在长时间复杂手术中保持敏锐But for Professor Sahakian 但是对于萨哈金教授the question remains 依然存在一个问题will it actually make our lives better? 它真的能改善我们的生活吗Suppose we took cognitive enhancing drugs 假如我们服用提高认知的药物and we got all our work done in a short period of time, 我们在短时间内把工作做完we could go home, spend time with our 我们就可以回家和家人在一起family and improve our work/life balance. That would be great. 改善工作与家庭之间的平衡那很不错But it's more likely with the 但是当今社会type of society that we seem to be moving towards 正朝向无休止地工作发展that it will be this 24/7 因此更有可能出现的情况是society so we'll take these drugs so we can 我们服用这些药物work longer, so we can travel more and do 是为了让做工作时间更长旅行更多more work so it will 然后做更多的工作disrupt our work/life balance even more. 因此会使工作与生活的平衡变得更糟258第14集:治疗心绞痛的药It started life as UK 92480, 这个编号为UK92480的化合物one of millions of compounds 来自辉瑞制药公司的新药仓库in the stores at the drug company Pfizer. 是千百万个化合物中的一员They were looking for a new drug for angina, 当时专家们正在寻找治疗心绞痛的新something that would relax blood vessels 一种能够放松心脏around the heart. 周围血管的药物After screening hundreds of 在筛查过无数的化合物之后thousands of compounds, they ended up with UK 92480. 他们最终锁定了UK92480 But its trials in humans were a let-down. 人体实验结果却不尽如人意It was about to be consigned 正当药物要被重新收回仓库时back to the stores when the trial volunteers 受试者们开始不断索要药片started coming back and reporting an unusual side-effect - 并反馈一种不同寻常的副作用lots of erections. 阴茎勃起Add the drug the relaxation's 加入药物之后其松弛度变大get larger but its trace is upside down. 不过药物作用曲线却是反过来的By making a crude mock-up of the 通过制作人类性器官的粗略模拟模型human sexual apparatus, senior scientist Chris Wayman 高级研究员克里斯·韦曼使用了found an ingenious way to test this anecdotal evidence. 一种巧妙的方法来检验这种有趣的现象259第15集:药物组合的神奇疗效These are actually penile 组织浴槽中放置的blood vessels that we have in a tissue bath. 是真的阴茎血管组织Think of this as the brain. 把这个看作是大脑This is the brain and the spinal cord. 这是大脑和脊髓When you're becoming aroused, 当你性唤起时your brain switches on. 大脑就会激活We can mimic this by switching on 我们可以通过打开这些等同于the equivalent of the central nervous system in the brain. 中枢神经系统的开关来模拟这一过程It sends electricity down 它将电流传递到to the tissue bath and across the tissues, 组织浴槽中穿过组织and when we pass an electric current across these 当电流通过小片的阴茎组织时small pieces of penile tissue, they relax and 它们就会松弛下来ultimately that's what happens during penile erection. 事实上这就是阴茎勃起的过程Relaxed penile blood vessels mean 阴茎血管松弛more blood flow to the penis, and so an erection. 意味着更过血液流向阴茎导致勃起What Chris did was take penile blood vessels 克里斯从阳痿病人体内from impotent men, 提取了阴茎血管组织vessels that didn't respond 当大脑开关被打开的时候when he flicked the brain switch, 血管组织并没有产生反应and then added UK 92480 to the tissue bath. 随后将UK92480加入组织浴槽中What was most amazing about this study 最不可思议的事情发生了was that we saw a restoration of erectile response. 阴茎组织重新出现了勃起反应It's very rare in any tissue preparation 在任何组织标本里由功能障碍to convert dysfunctional to normal function, and so now 到功能正常的转变都是很罕见的we were really onto something 因此我们现在所经历的这一切that could only be described as special. 只能用一个词来形容特别第16集:药物的神奇作用260At the time there was no oral treatment 当时并没有可以治疗for erectile dysfunction. 勃起功能障碍的口服药物No-one even really knew what caused the problem, but 甚至没有人知道是什么引起了这一问题suddenly Pfizer had a potential treatment on their hands. 忽然辉瑞公司找到了潜在的治疗方案When this data was shared with the experts in the field, 当与此领域的专家分享这一数据时the urologists, they were astounded. 那些泌尿科医师惊诧不已I remember a meeting in America at 我记得是在美国泌尿医学会的一次会议上the Urological Association where the room was packed 这一数据被公布于众when this data was released 当时房间里挤满了人because no-one had seen anything like this before. 因为从来没有人看过这样的结果UK 92480 was renamed Viagra, UK92480被重新命名为伟哥and within weeks of going on sale, 进入市场短短几周之内tens of thousands of prescriptions 每天都会开出were being written every day. 成千上万的伟哥处方You would never have been able to 你一定不会预料到predict that this was going to have beneficial effects 这种小小的药丸on millions and millions of men throughout the world, 会成为全世界广大男性的福音a little bit of science having 一个小的科学发现就可以对effect on self-esteem, anxiety, depression levels 人们自尊焦虑和抑郁程度产生影响and ultimately creating enhanced relationships. 并最终改善伴侣之间的关系第17集:药物的伦理性261But sometimes drug companies 不过有时候制药公司are not the first people to see that. 并不是最先意识到这一点的人In the UK, one third of all women 在英国三分之一的育年龄妇女of reproductive age take the contraceptive pill. 都会服用避孕药物Worldwide, a hundred million rely on it, 全世界约有一亿人依赖这种药物but it almost never reached the market. 但最初它差一点未能进入市场In the 1950s, research into contraception was illegal 在20世纪50年代研发避孕药in many parts of the world and where it was legal, 在许多国家是非法的即便在合法国家pharmaceutical firms feared a moral backlash. 制药公司也害怕遭遇道德问题Despite this, independent researchers did discover 除此之外独立研究人员也发现了how to synthetically create female hormones. 合成制造女性荷尔蒙的方法They realised giving these to women as a pill 他们意识到给女性服用药物would change their fundamental biology 可以改变她们的生理状态and stop them ovulating, 使其停止排卵preventing them from getting pregnant. 从而避免怀孕Pharmaceutical companies were reluctant 制药公司当时对于这一项目的支持to back the project, 并不情愿so when one did get behind it, 所以当一个制药公司着手支持该项目时the pill was brought to the market 这种药物只是作为as a drug for heavy periods, 治疗月经过多的药剂进入市场but women soon cottoned on to its real potential. 不过女人们很快发现了它的真实作用第18集:更加谨慎的选择药物262But Professor Wu is finding it 然而吴教授发现hard to get the backing of a pharmaceutical company. 寻求制药公司的支持极为困难It seems times have changed. 似乎时代已经不同了We are now more wary of 现在的人们与50年前相比meddling with our bodies than 50 years ago. 在调理身体方面变得更加谨慎If the female contraceptive pill 如果女性避孕药物was developed from scratch now, 也是现在刚刚出现的it would probably come across exactly 或许也会遇到the same difficulties as we are at the moment. 我们现在面临的这种问题Professor Wu remains undaunted. 吴教授依旧很乐观There is definitely a potential market for it, 这种药物一定有潜在的市场and I think once a product like this is marketed, 我认为一旦这种产品进入市场it may well lead to changes in attitudes,social changes, 就会引起人们观念的变化和社会变化similar to what happened with the female pill 就如同女性避孕药带来的变化一样and then I think it is likely to lead to a much larger market 这种药物也许会拥有比制药公司than the companies think there is at the moment. 目前预计的更广阔的市场空间There is one problem Professor Wu can't solve. 吴教授依然有一个无法解决的问题263第19集:对抗抑郁症的药物When it comes to pregnancy, 在怀孕这一问题上the stakes will never be as high for men 女性所承担的风险as they are for women, 远远大于男性and with that comes a question of trust. 从而也会引发信任问题I just don't think they'd do it. 我觉得他们不会吃药I think it's something that men tend to rely 我认为男人们更倾向于让女人吃药on women to do and take the responsibility of. 让女人来承担这些责任No offence, guys. 无意冒犯老兄们If you met somebody, a man, and he just said, 如果说我遇见了一个男人然后他说"Oh, it's all right, I take the contraceptive pill," 没关系我已经吃了避孕药I'm not sure I'd be willing to believe that. 我不确定我会愿意相信他But then I dare say there's 不过我敢说some women that you can't trust to take it. 也有一些你不能相信的女人I don't think it's just men. Well, absolutely, yeah. 我觉得不仅仅是男人当然I'd probably be standing over him 也许我会站在那里watching him take it so... 看着他把药吃下去They can't even put socks on in the morning, you know, 他们连每天早上都。
中国药的用途英语作文
中国药的用途英语作文题目，The Uses of Traditional Chinese Medicine。
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practicedfor thousands of years and has gained increasing popularity worldwide due to its effectiveness and holistic approach to health. In this essay, we will explore the diverse uses of TCM in promoting health and treating various ailments.One of the key principles of TCM is the concept of balance and harmony within the body. According to TCM philosophy, health is achieved when the body's vital energy, known as Qi, flows smoothly and harmoniously throughout the body. When there is an imbalance or blockage in the flow of Qi, illness and disease may occur. TCM utilizes various techniques and therapies to restore balance and promote the body's natural healing process.One of the most well-known practices of TCM is acupuncture, which involves the insertion of thin needlesinto specific points on the body to stimulate the flow ofQi and promote healing. Acupuncture has been used for centuries to treat a wide range of conditions, including chronic pain, digestive disorders, and emotional imbalances. Research has shown that acupuncture can be effective in relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and improvingoverall well-being.Another important component of TCM is herbal medicine, which utilizes the therapeutic properties of plants and natural substances to treat illness and promote health. Chinese herbal medicine is based on the principle of using specific herbs in combination to create a balanced formula tailored to the individual's unique needs. These herbal formulas may be prescribed in the form of teas, powders, or pills, and are often used to treat conditions such as insomnia, allergies, and respiratory infections.In addition to acupuncture and herbal medicine, TCM encompasses a wide range of therapies and modalities, including massage (Tui Na), Qi Gong (a form of energy cultivation), and dietary therapy. Tui Na massage involvesmanipulation of the body's soft tissues to promote circulation and alleviate pain, while Qi Gong combines gentle movements, breathing techniques, and meditation to enhance the flow of Qi and improve overall health. Dietary therapy in TCM focuses on using food as medicine, emphasizing the importance of eating a balanced diet according to individual constitution and health needs.TCM is not only used to treat illness but also to prevent disease and promote longevity. In TCM theory, preventing illness is achieved by maintaining balancewithin the body through lifestyle choices, diet, and regular practice of techniques such as Qi Gong and Tai Chi. By cultivating harmony within the body and mind,individuals can strengthen their immune system, improve resilience to stress, and enhance overall vitality.In recent years, TCM has gained recognition and acceptance in Western countries as an effective complement to conventional medicine. Many hospitals and healthcare facilities now offer integrative medicine programs that incorporate TCM alongside Western treatments to providepatients with comprehensive care. Furthermore, scientific research continues to validate the efficacy of TCM therapies, shedding light on the mechanisms behind their therapeutic effects and expanding their potential applications.In conclusion, Traditional Chinese Medicine offers a holistic approach to health and healing, addressing the underlying causes of illness and promoting balance within the body. With its diverse range of therapies and time-tested principles, TCM continues to play an important role in healthcare worldwide, offering hope and healing to millions of people. As we continue to explore the potential of TCM, we may uncover new insights and applications that further enhance its effectiveness and benefit humanity as a whole.。
英汉对照药学词汇
Learn some pharmaceutical terms药学术语Adrenoceptor 肾上腺受体Adrenoceptor blocking drug 肾上腺受体阻断药Antianxiety 抗焦虑Anticancer drugs 抗癌药Anticarcinoma drug 抗肿瘤药Antidepressant drugs 抗抑郁药Antidiabetic drug 抗糖尿病药Antidiarrheal agents 止泻药Antihypertensive drugs 抗高血压药Anti-inflammatory agent 抗炎药Antimicrobial agents 抗菌药Antituberculous drugs 抗结核药Antiviral drugs 抗病毒药Receptor 受体Resistance 耐药性Therapeutic dose 治疗量Therapeutic index 治疗指数Tolerance 耐受性Dilute 稀释Detector 检测器Electrochemical analysis 电化学分析Indicator 指示剂Reagent 试剂Solution 溶液Specific gravity 比重Bioactivity 生物活性Bioavailability 生物利用度Drug dependence 药物依赖性Drug metabolism 药物代谢Drug-induced diseases 药源性疾病Half-life time 半衰期First pass elimination 首过消除Minimal toxic dose 最小中毒量Minimal effective dose 最小有效量im., Intramuscular injection 肌肉注射ivd., Intravenous drip 静脉滴注iv., Intravenous injection 静脉注射Monoamine oxidase inhibitor 单胺氧化酶抑制剂Drug insert =drug instruction =package insert 药品说明书Product name 药品名称General product name 通用名称Trade name 商品名Latin name 拉丁名Chinese pinyin 中国名称English name 英国名称Components =ingredients 成分Description性状：（Powder 粉针、Liquid 水针、Tablet 片剂、Capsule 胶囊、Unguent 软膏、Syrup 糖浆Dripping 点滴、plaster 贴剂）Pharmacology 药理学(pharmacy log)Pharmacological effect/function 药理作用Pharmacokinetics 药物动力学(kinetic)Indication 适应症（Amoxicillin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, gonorrhea and infections of the urinary tract.）Contra-indication禁忌症Attention=caution=warning=precaution 注意事项Under-graduate 本科生post-graduate 研究生Dosage and administration/application/usage 用法和用量Dose and use 用法和用量（It is administered orally intravenously intra-arterially intramuscularly）Specification=availability 规格100g a piece 24 mega 百万10 vial/phial 支Box/carton 盒Package 包装XYZ02-24 approved by SDA of china 国药准字Ratification 批准文号SDA: State Drug Administration 国家药品监督局FDA: 联邦药品监督局（美国药品监督局）XYZ02-24approved by Ministry of Public health of China Expiration date有效期、保质期duration 有效期Manufacturing date 生产日期Function class 作用类别（指处方或非处方）Prescription medicine 处方药Adverse reaction副作用side effects=by-effects 不良反应V omiting 呕吐diarrhea腹泻Upset stomach 胃部不适Common diseases and symptoms：Hepatitis A,B 甲/乙肝Acute 急性chronic 慢性viral 病毒性Bronchitis 支气管炎Disorder of the gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道紊乱Cardiac failure 心力衰竭Cardi(o) cardio-hepatic 心肝的Dermatitis 皮炎Epidemic influenza 流行性感冒Hypertension 高血压hyportension 低血压Heart/cardiac disease 心脏病Gastritis 胃炎stomach-ache 胃痛Enteritis 肠炎Prostatitis 前列腺炎Pysentery 痢疾Epidemic dysentery 流行性痢疾Chest depression 胸闷Short breath 气短Nausea 恶心Insomnia 失眠Hypersomnia 嗜睡Diarrhea 腹泻V omiting 呕吐Irregular menstruation 月经不调Cancer 癌症carcinoma 更偏向于指肿瘤Gastric cancer 胃癌Intestinal cancer 肠癌Hepatic/liver cancer 肝癌Lung cancer 肺癌Clearing away pathogenic heat and toxic material 清热解毒Expelling pathogenic heat to loosen the bowels泻火通便Expelling pathogenic wind and dampness祛风除湿Promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis祛瘀活血。
中国药理学英文
中国药理学英文【中英文实用版】Title: Chinese Pharmacology in EnglishContent:Pharmacology, as a crucial branch of medical science, has seen significant development and unique contributions from China.Chinese pharmacology encompasses the study of both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern pharmacological research.This article aims to provide an overview of pharmacology in China, highlighting key aspects and achievements in this field.1.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of over 2,000 years.It is based on the theories of yin and yang, the five elements, and the meridian system.TCM utilizes various herbal medicines, animal products, and minerals to treat diseases.Chinese pharmacologists have been researching the efficacy and mechanisms of TCM, leading to the discovery of many bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.2.Modern Pharmacological ResearchChinese researchers have made significant contributions to modern pharmacology.They have been actively involved in drug discovery, development, and pharmacological studies.China is known for its innovative research in areas such as cardiovascular pharmacology,neuropharmacology, oncology, and infectious diseases.3.Herbal Medicine and Natural ProductsHerbal medicine plays a vital role in Chinese pharmacology.Many traditional herbal formulas have been scientifically evaluated for their pharmacological activities.Chinese researchers have identified numerous bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, which are being used to develop new drugs and healthcare products.These natural products often possess fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs.4.Regulatory Affairs and Drug ApprovalChina"s regulatory system for drug approval has been continuously improving.The China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) ensures the safety, efficacy, and quality of drugs.Chinese pharmacologists actively participate in the regulatory process, providing scientific data to support drug registration and approval.5.International CollaborationChinese pharmacologists collaborate extensively with researchers worldwide.This exchange of knowledge and expertise has led to joint research projects, publications, and the advancement of pharmacological science.China"s active participation in international conferences and research initiatives has enhanced its reputation in the field of pharmacology.Conclusion:Chinese pharmacology has made significant strides in both traditional and modern aspects of the discipline.The integration of TCM and modern pharmacological research has provided unique insights into the development of new drugs and treatment strategies.With ongoing research and international collaboration, China continues to contribute to the global pharmacological community.标题：中国药理学英文内容：药理学作为医学科学的重要分支，在中国得到了显著的发展和独特的贡献。
一带一路背景下中国医药英语作文
一带一路背景下中国医药英语作文Exploring Chinese Medicine and Drugs Along the Silk RoadMy name is Xiaoming and I'm 10 years old. I'm really interested in science, especially medicine. My grandpa is a traditional Chinese medicine doctor and he's taught me a lot about herbs, acupuncture and other ancient Chinese remedies. But I'm also curious about modern medicine and pharmaceutical drugs. The other day, I learned about something called the Belt and Road Initiative at school. It's this huge project that China has to build roads, ports and other infrastructure all across Asia, Africa and Europe - kind of like reviving the ancient Silk Road trade routes. My teacher said it will help spread Chinese goods, technologies and culture to many countries. That got me thinking about how Chinese medicine and drugs might travel along these new Silk Roads. I did some research, and here's what I found out!Traditional Chinese Medicine Goes GlobalFor thousands of years, the Chinese have used natural herbs, roots, minerals and even animal parts to treat all kinds of diseases and ailments. Things like ginseng, ephedra, rhubarb, mushrooms, deer antler - my grandpa showed me his hugecollection of dried plants and fungi that he combines into different remedies. He also does acupuncture, massages and other therapies. This traditional Chinese medicine system is totally different from Western medicine, but it has kept Chinese people healthy for a really long time.As the Belt and Road connects more countries, traditional Chinese medicine is getting popular all over the world. In Pakistan, they just opened a huge traditional Chinese medicine center at a hospital in Islamabad. Lots of local people go there now to get treated with herbs, cupping, acupuncture and other remedies. In Central Asia, many Chinese medicine clinics and shops have opened up along the new transportation routes. People there use Chinese remedies for pain, arthritis, colds and many other conditions. Even in Europe and Africa, traditional Chinese medicine is growing. The United Arab Emirates imports over 200 million worth of Chinese medicinal herbs every year!Of course, there are challenges too. Some plants used in Chinese remedies grow only in certain regions of China, so they can be hard to get elsewhere. And different countries have different rules about what traditional remedies are allowed - for example, some banned the use of certain animal products like deer antler or rhino horn (which I agree with, we need to protectendangered species). My grandpa always has to be careful about following each country's regulations. But overall, demand for Chinese traditional remedies is booming thanks to the new Silk Roads!Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry ExpandsWhile my grandpa focuses on ancient Chinese remedies, China also has a huge modern pharmaceutical industry that makes Western-style drugs using the latest technologies. Manufacturing safe, high-quality, affordable medicines is a major priority for the Chinese government. As the Belt and Road builds more transportation links, Chinese drug companies are sending their products to more and more overseas markets.Right now, a lot of the antibiotics, pain medication, vitamin supplements and other drugs you can buy in countries along the Silk Road come from China. For example, Chinese pharmaceutical companies supply over 80% of the antibiotics used in India. They export huge amounts of medicines to countries across Asia, Africa, the Middle East and even parts of Europe. Many of these places couldn't afford very expensive drugs from the U.S. or Europe, so affordable quality Chinese medication helps a lot of people get treatment.The companies are also investing in things like research centers, factories and partnerships in other countries along the Belt and Road routes. For instance, a major Chinese pharmaceutical corporation just built a huge new manufacturing plant in Uzbekistan to produce drugs for the local market and export across Central Asia. In the future, I think we'll see a lot more "localized" production where Chinese companies make drugs for regional markets right in those areas, so transportation is easier.Of course, anything involving medication has to be done very carefully to make sure the drugs are 100% safe and effective. There have been a few cases where substandard or counterfeit Chinese drugs caused problems in other countries. So there are a lot of rules, inspections and safeguards to follow. But overall, China's high-quality, low-cost pharmaceutical industry is a major force in global health enabled by the connectivity of the Belt and Road.The Future of Chinese Medicine and PharmaLooking ahead, I think the Belt and Road is going to keep expanding the reach of both traditional Chinese remedies and modern pharmaceutical drugs across the world. More clinics, hospitals and companies in other countries will start usingChinese medicine and medication. Chinese companies might even start making drugs specially designed for specific ethnic groups or regional health issues by studying local populations along the routes. And who knows, maybe traditional Eastern and Western medicine systems will find ways to combine the best of both worlds?For me personally, I'd love to travel the new Silk Roads one day and see how Chinese health practices are being adopted globally. I could study abroad, do an internship at an international pharma company's research lab, or apprentice under a Chinese medicine expert in another country. The Belt and Road is opening up so many opportunities to connect the world and share knowledge across cultures. I can't wait to play a role in that exchange through medicine and science! That's the end of my essay - I could write so much more, but I'm out of time. Let me know if you have any other questions!。
中草药药物中英文翻译
中草药药物中英文翻译中草药药物中英文翻译中国是中草药的发源地，目前中国大约有12000种药用植物，这是其他国家所不具备的'，在中药资源上我们占据垄断优势。
古代先贤对中草药和中医药学的深入探索、研究和总结，使得中草药得到了最广泛的认同与应用。
以下是yjbys为大家整理的中草药药物中英文翻译，快来看看吧。
earthworm 地龙east asian tree fern rhizome 狗脊elecampane inula root 土木香emblic leafflower fruit 余甘子english walnut seed 胡桃仁entada sten 瞌藤子entadae stem 过江龙ephedra herb 麻黄epigeal srephaia root 地不容epimedium herb 淫羊藿erect st. john'swort herb 小连翘ergot 麦角eriocarpous glochidion leaf 漆大姑eucommia bark 杜仲european grape fruit 索索葡萄european hop flower 啤酒花european verbena 马鞭草european waterhemlock root 毒芹false chinese swertia herb 当药falsehellebore root and rhizome 藜芦falsesour cherry 樱桃核fangchi root 广防已feather cockscomb seed 青葙子fennel fruit 小茴香fermented soybean 淡豆豉fewflower lysionotus herb 石吊兰field sowthistle herb 苣荬菜fig 无花果figwort root 玄参figwortflowerpicrorhizarhizome 胡黄连filiform cassytha herb 无根藤fimbriae orostachys 瓦松fineleaf schizonepeta herb 荆芥finger citron 佛手fistular onion stalk 葱白fiveleaf gynostemma herb 绞股蓝flabelate maiden-hair herb 过坛龙flastem milkvetch seed 沙苑子flos caryophyllata 丁香fluorite 紫石英forbes wildginger herb 杜衡forest frog's oviduct 蛤蟆油forrest silkvine stem or root 黑骨头fortune eupatorium herb 佩兰fortune firethorn fruit 救兵粮fortune loosestrife herb 星宿菜fortune meadowrue herb 白蓬草fortune paulownia fruit /royal paulownia fruit 泡桐果fortune plumyew twig and leaf 三尖杉fortune windmillpalm petiole 棕榈fortune's drynaria rhizome 骨碎补fourstamen stephania root 粉防己/汉防己fragrant eupatorium herb 飞机草fragrant plantainlily herb 玉簪fragrant sarcococca herb 清香桂fragrant solomonseal rhizome 玉竹franchet groundcherry calyx and fruit 锦灯笼。
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alcohol abstinence alcohol abuse alcohol dependence syndrome alcohol intoxication alcohol preference alcohol tolerance alcohol withdrawal alcoholic personality Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) alcoholics alcoholism alcoholophilia alcoholtherapy algesia (algesthesia) algesic (algetic) algid sudor alienation amphetamine amphetamine psychosis analgesic activity analgesic agent analgesic drug analgesics anesthetics animal model antagonist antianxiety agent
illicit trafficking illusion immunoassay kit infection inhalant intervention intoxication intravenous injection invasion investigation J junkies juvenile delinquency K ketamine L lysergic acid diethylanide (LSD) M 3-4-methylenedioxy- methamphetamine (MDMA) maintenance program maintenance therapy marihuana(marijuana) mecon methadone methadone maintenance methadone treatment
药物中毒 药物误用 药物监控 致幻剂 药物过量 药品政策 药物作用强度 毒品问题 药物受体结合 耐药性 药物安全性 药物监测 药物检测 药物耐受性 药物尿分析 药物戒断 药掺食法 觅药行为 抗毒锦囊训练 [俚]掺麻醉，吸毒成瘾 毒品条例 酗酒 口干 双重人格 强啡呔 运动障碍 睡眠困难
dysfunction dysphoria dyspnea dyssomnia dystaxia dysthesia dysthymia disorders dystrophia(dystrophy) dystropy E necephalin endogenous opiate endogenous opioid peptides endorphin epidemiology epidemiology survey epidural injection euphoria euphoriant effect euphoric behavior excessive drinking excitoacceleratory excitoinhibitory F floaty euphoria follow up follow-up study
非法贩运 幻觉 免疫试剂盒 传染 吸入剂 干预 中毒 静脉注射 发病 调查
吸毒者 少年犯罪
氯胺酮
麦角二乙胺（致幻剂）
亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺 维持治疗计划 维持疗法 大麻 鸦片 美沙酮 美沙酮维持 美沙酮治疗
methamphetamine method of abstention method of administration methyl amphetamine misuse monitoring morphine morphine hydrochloride multiple drug abuse N naloxone naltrexone narcotic analgesic agent narcotic antagonist narcotic dependence narcotics narcotics addiction Narcotics Anonymous (NA) needle sharing needle track neurological susceptibility nicotiana tabacum nicotine nicotine gum nicotinism nonopioid analgesic O
酒戒断 酒滥用 酒依赖综合征 酒中毒 酒精偏爱 酒耐受 酒戒断 酗酒者人格 戒酒者协会 酗酒者 酒精中毒 酒癖 酒精疗法 痛觉 疼痛的 冷汗 精神错乱 苯丙胺 苯丙胺性精神障碍 镇痛作用 镇痛剂 止痛药 镇痛剂 麻醉剂 动物模型 拮抗剂 抗焦虑剂
antisocial personality anxiety apathy ataractics ataxia B barbiturates behavior psychology benzodiazepines buprenorphine C calmodulin cannabin cannabine cannabinol cannabis cannabism center of reward central excitatory mechanism charas charley chasing dragon chicken powder chief Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment (CINA scale) coca
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abstainer abstinence abstinence syndrome abuse abuse liability abuse potential acid acoasma acolasia acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) acute alcoholism acute intoxication acute withdrawal syndrome addict addiction addiction medicine addiction prone personality addictionologist addictive addictive personality adverse drug reaction affion (offium) afyuni agonist agrypnia 戒断者 撤药 戒断综合征 滥用 滥用倾向 滥用潜力 [俚]大麻 幻听 放纵 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病） 急性酒精中毒 急性中毒 急性戒断综合征 成瘾者 成瘾 成瘾性药 依赖性倾向人格 成瘾性研究者 成瘾的 成瘾个性 药物不良反应 烟土 阿芙蓉（鸦片） 激动剂 失眠
反社会人格 焦虑 情感淡漠 安定药 运动失调
巴比妥类 行为心理学 苯二氮卓类 丁丙诺啡
钙调节蛋白，钙调素 大麻酯 大麻碱 大麻酚 大麻，大麻类 大麻中毒 奖赏中枢 中枢兴奋机制 [俚]大麻 [俚]可பைடு நூலகம்因 [俚]追龙（烫吸方式） [俚]苯丙胺或与之相关物质 [俚]麦角酰二乙胺 临床麻醉药品评估量表 古柯
DAYTOP village
日顶村（1963 年纽约创建的戒毒单位）
demographic characteristics dependence potential dependence syndrome dependence treatment dependence-producing drug dependence-producing property dependency designer drug detection detoxification detoxification center discrimination discriminatiin box discrimination training dizziness dopamine(DA) drug abuse drug abuse pattern drug addiction drug control drug dependence drug determination drug discrimination (DD) drug epidemiology drug free drug habit drug induced hallucination
coca alkaloids coca leaf coca paste cocaine cocaine base cocaine hydrochloride cocaine psychosis cocaines cocainidine cocainomaniac cockstailytic codeine codependence coffein cokane(in my brain) coke cold turkey coma Commission on Narcotic Drugs(CND) concentrate of poppy straw conditioned place preference corediastasis(corodiastasis) craving crystal
人口学特征 依赖性潜力 依赖性综合征 依赖性治疗 致依赖性药物 依赖性特性 依赖性 策划药 监测 脱毒，戒毒治疗 戒毒中心 辨别 辨别箱 辨别训练 头晕 多巴胺 药物滥用 药物滥用方式 药物成瘾性 禁毒，药物控制 药物依赖性 药物测定 药物辨别 药物流行病学 摆脱吸毒 药物成瘾 服药幻觉
drug intoxication drug misuse drug monitoring drug of psychedelic drug overdose drug policy drug potency drug problem drug receptor binding drug resistance drug safety drug surveillance drug testing drug tolerance drug urinalysis drug withdrawal drug-admixed food method drug-seeking behavior drug-wise training drugged drug act drunken dry mouth dual personality dynorphin dyscinesia (dyskinesia) dyscoimesis(dyskoimesis)