大学写作(新答案)
大学英语学术写作参考答案人大版
Exercise 2
Introduction 1
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人 S5—S3—S1—S6—S8—S2—S7—S9—S4
人 4. It’s not good to ask the question which yields a “yes” or “no” answer. A good question may be “To what extent do adolescents believe that their peers have favorable views of cosplay?”. 5. Of the four questions, the second is obviously more general. One way to solve this problem is
大 school, and how are these commonalities used to aid the school doctors to prevent sports
injuries?”. 3. The topic is so broad in nature, that even a book would not be sufficient to answer the question.
中Research questions: 1) In what ways have the parents influenced their children’s puppy love? 2) How did the parents respond to their children’s puppy love? 3) How was the parent-child relationship affected by puppy love?
大学写作学试题及答案
大学写作学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是写作学研究的内容？A. 文体研究B. 写作技巧C. 写作心理学D. 写作材料学答案：D2. 写作学中，对文本进行分析和评价的过程被称为：A. 写作B. 写作理论C. 写作批评D. 写作教学答案：C3. 写作过程中，对材料进行筛选和组织的过程称为：A. 材料收集B. 材料加工C. 材料整理D. 材料分析答案：B4. 在写作学中，以下哪种方法不用于提高写作效率？A. 定时写作B. 写作计划C. 随意写作D. 写作反馈答案：C5. 写作学中，对文本结构进行分析的研究属于：A. 文体学B. 语义学C. 修辞学D. 文本学答案：D6. 写作学中，对写作过程的心理活动进行研究的分支是：A. 写作心理学B. 写作教育学C. 写作技巧学D. 写作批评学答案：A7. 写作学中，对写作风格进行研究的学科是：A. 文体学B. 写作心理学C. 写作技巧学D. 文本学答案：A8. 写作学中，对写作材料的来源和使用进行研究的学科是：A. 写作材料学B. 写作技巧学C. 写作心理学D. 写作教育学答案：A9. 在写作学中，对写作过程中的创造性思维进行研究的学科是：A. 写作心理学B. 写作技巧学C. 写作材料学D. 写作批评学答案：A10. 写作学中，对写作过程中的语言表达进行研究的学科是：A. 语义学B. 修辞学C. 文体学D. 文本学答案：B二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. 写作学的研究对象包括写作活动、写作过程、写作产品以及________。
答案：写作主体2. 写作学的研究方法主要有________、比较研究、个案研究等。
答案：历史研究3. 写作学中的文体学研究主要关注文本的________和功能。
答案：结构4. 写作心理学研究的是写作过程中________的心理活动。
答案：作者5. 写作学中的写作材料学研究的是写作过程中材料的________和运用。
大学应用写作考试题型及答案
大学应用写作考试题型及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 在商务信函中，以下哪项不是结束语的常见方式？A. 敬上B. 此致敬礼C. 期待回复D. 谢谢答案：D2. 报告写作中，以下哪项不是一个好的摘要应该包含的元素？A. 研究目的B. 研究方法C. 详细的数据分析D. 主要发现和结论答案：C3. 在撰写学术论文时，以下哪项不是引用他人工作的正确方式？A. 直接引用并注明出处B. 对他人的观点进行总结并注明出处C. 复制粘贴他人的文字而不注明出处D. 对他人的观点进行改写并注明出处答案：C4. 以下哪项不是撰写简历时应当避免的？A. 使用专业术语B. 包含个人信息如家庭住址C. 突出关键技能和经验D. 保持简洁明了答案：B5. 在撰写电子邮件时，以下哪项不是一个好的实践？A. 使用清晰的主题行B. 保持正文简短C. 使用大量的大写字母来强调D. 在结尾使用适当的敬语答案：C二、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述撰写商务报告时应该遵循的三个主要步骤。
答案：撰写商务报告时应该遵循的三个主要步骤包括：首先，明确报告的目的和目标受众；其次，收集和分析数据，确保信息的准确性和相关性；最后，组织内容，使用清晰的结构，包括引言、主体和结论，并确保语言准确、专业。
2. 描述在撰写学术论文时，如何避免抄袭。
答案：避免抄袭的关键在于正确引用他人的工作。
首先，当你使用他人的观点、数据或语言时，必须明确注明出处；其次，对于直接引用的内容，使用引号并注明出处；再次，对他人的观点进行总结或改写时，也应注明原始来源；最后，使用防抄袭软件检查论文，确保所有引用都已正确标注。
3. 解释为什么在撰写简历时，使用行动词是很重要的。
答案：在撰写简历时，使用行动词很重要，因为它们能够展示你的成就和经验。
行动词可以帮助雇主了解你在过去的工作或项目中扮演的角色，以及你所采取的具体行动。
此外，行动词还能够使你的简历更加生动和具体，从而在众多求职者中脱颖而出。
大学写作训练试题及答案
大学写作训练试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪项不是写作训练的目的？A. 提高语言表达能力B. 增强逻辑思维能力C. 学习如何使用电脑D. 培养批判性思维答案：C2. 在写作中，以下哪个元素不是构成有效论证的关键？A. 论点B. 论据C. 论据的逻辑关系D. 写作风格答案：D3. 以下哪种写作技巧不适用于学术写作？A. 使用专业术语B. 引用权威文献C. 避免使用第一人称D. 使用口语化语言答案：D4. 在撰写论文时，以下哪项不是参考文献的正确格式？A. 作者-日期系统B. 注释-参考书目系统C. 作者-标题系统D. 无标题系统答案：D5. 以下哪种结构不适合用于学术论文的引言部分？A. 背景介绍B. 研究问题C. 研究方法D. 研究结果答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 在写作中，______是指文章的组织结构，它决定了文章的逻辑顺序和流畅性。
答案：结构2. 学术写作中，______是指对已有研究的总结和评价，它有助于展示研究的背景和重要性。
答案：文献综述3. 在撰写论文时，______是文章的第一部分，它通常包括研究背景、研究问题和研究目的。
答案：引言4. 论文的______部分是作者对研究结果的解释和讨论，它通常包括对研究意义、局限性和未来研究方向的讨论。
答案：讨论5. 在写作中，______是指对文章进行修改和润色的过程，它有助于提高文章的质量和可读性。
答案：编辑三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述写作过程中如何有效地组织段落。
答案：在写作过程中，有效地组织段落可以通过以下步骤实现：首先，每个段落应该有一个清晰的主题句，概括段落的主要内容。
其次，段落中的信息应该按照逻辑顺序排列，避免跳跃和重复。
再次，使用过渡词和短语来连接句子和段落，确保文章的流畅性。
最后，确保每个段落都与文章的中心论点紧密相关，避免偏离主题。
2. 描述在学术写作中引用他人研究成果的重要性。
智慧树知到《大学写作(山东联盟)》章节题答案
智慧树知到《大学写作(山东联盟)》章节题答案智慧树知到《大学写作(山东联盟)》章节测试答案第一章1、一次完整的写作过程至少要包括两个过程，即()。
A.“想”和“写”B.“草稿”和“构思”C.“写”和“改”D.“搜集材料”和“构思”答案:“写”和“改”2、在创意写作理念中，自由写作的基本原则是()。
A.重视构思B.不停顿C.不思考D.不修改答案: 不停顿,不思考,不修改3、理性训练和感性培养是提高写作能力的两个重要方面。
A.对B.错答案: 对4、无论是虚构写作还是非虚构写作，都必须从写作实践中进行学习。
A.对B.错答案: 对5、所谓有表现力的文字就是多用好词好句，形容词比名词好，动词基本没有表现力。
A.对B.错答案: 错6、从丰富个体体验来说，写作过程就好比一个人将个体经历体验了两次，会获得更深、更广的体验和感受。
A.对B.错答案: 对7、白乐天《长恨歌》云：“峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗无光日色薄。
”沈括指摘说：“峨嵋在嘉州，与蜀路全无交涉”，意思是说白居易在此诗中是犯了地理知识错误。
请依据相关知识说明：白居易诗歌中是根据( )原则进行写作的，而沈括则是根据( )原则进行了批评。
A.艺术真实，客观真实B.艺术真实，理论真实C.客观真实，想象真实D.客观真实，理论真实答案: 艺术真实，客观真实第二章1、叙述的目的是( )。
A.形成有意义的顺序B.记流水账C.再现一个画面D.制造悬念答案: 形成有意义的顺序2、能够抓住主要特征简单勾勒，像电影的全景镜头，给人以整体印象的叙述方式是( )。
A.顺叙B.倒叙C.概叙D.插叙答案: 概叙3、叙述时保持明确的倾向性是指( )。
A.像中心思想一样明确表达出来B.用语言、细节、故事本身体现出来的C.文章的开头就直接说出来D.按照自然的时间顺序进行叙述答案: 用语言、细节、故事本身体现出来的4、单一的事件罗列在一起并不能构成叙述，必须要在事件之间建立一种逻辑关联，才能构成有意义的顺序，这个过程就是( )。
现代大学英语基础写作上答案pdf
现代大学英语基础写作上答案pdf1、54．—________?—Yes, please. I'd like some beef. [单选题] *A．What do you wantB．May I try it onC．Can I help you(正确答案)D．What else do you want2、There are many_____desks in the room. [单选题] *rge old brown(正确答案)B.old large brownrge brown oldD.brown old large3、Allen is looking forward to _______ his American partner at the trade fair. [单选题] *A. meetB. meeting(正确答案)C. be meetingD. having meeting4、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite5、Turn down the music. It hurts my _______. [单选题] *A. noseB. eyesC. mouthD. ears(正确答案)6、81．Some birds are flying ________ the lake. What a beautiful picture! [单选题] *A．forB．underC．inD．above(正确答案)7、Nearly two thousand years have passed _____ the Chinese first invented the compass. [单选题] *A. whenB. beforeC. since(正确答案)D. after8、Some students are able to find jobs after graduation while _____will return to school for an advanced degree. [单选题] *A. otherB. anotherC. others(正确答案)D. the other9、( ) Some students preferred to stay in the toilet ______ do morning exercises. [单选题] *A in order to notB in not order toC in order not to(正确答案)D not in order to10、I've never been to Africa, but that is the place（）. [单选题] *A. where I most want to visitB. in which I most want to visitC. I most want to visit(正确答案)D. that I want to visit it most11、In the closet（）a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. [单选题] *A. lyingB. lies(正确答案)c. lieD. is lain12、38．—Do you have ________else to say for your mistake?—________but sorry. [单选题] * A．anything; SomethingB．something; EverythingC．anything; Nothing(正确答案)D．something; Anything13、He was born in Canada, but he has made China his _______. [单选题] *A. familyB. addressC. houseD. home(正确答案)14、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking15、Mary _______ a small gift yesterday, but she didn’t _______ it. [单选题] *A. accepted; receiveB. received; accept(正确答案)C. receives; acceptedD. accepts; received16、29．There is a book in your left hand. What’s in your ___________ hand? [单选题] * A．the othersB．other (正确答案)C．anotherD．others17、88．Sorry. I don’t know the way? ? ? ? ? ?Dongfeng Cinema. [单选题] *A．byB．ofC．to(正确答案)D．for18、85．You’d better? ? ? ? ? a taxi, or you’ll be late. [单选题] *A．take(正确答案)B．takingC．tookD．to take19、She spoke with a strong Scottish（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C.voiceD. sound20、Last year Polly _______ an English club and has improved her English a lot. [单选题] *A. leftB. sawC. joined(正确答案)D. heard21、87．—Could you? ? ? ? ? ? me the way to the nearest hospital?—Sure. [单选题] *A．askB．tell(正确答案)C．talkD．speak22、Hearing that he had passed _____ health examination, he immediately made _____ call to his parents. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; a(正确答案)D. a; the23、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much24、She _______ be here. [单选题] *A. is gladB. is so glad to(正确答案)C. am gladD. is to25、He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. [单选题] *A. anyB. someC. few(正确答案)D. many26、I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy _____. [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. oneC. thisD. that27、I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. [单选题] *A. orB. andC. soD. but(正确答案)28、_____, Martin can reach the branch of that tall tree at the gate. [单选题] *A. As a short manB. Being shortC. As he is shortD. Short as he is(正确答案)29、The trouble turned out to have nothing to do with them. [单选题] *A. 由…引发的B. 与…有牵连C. 给…带来麻烦D. 与…不相干(正确答案)30、78．According to a report on Daily Mail, it’s on Wednesday（）people start feeling really unhappy. [单选题] *A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that(正确答案)。
美国大学英语写作课后习题与答案
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2. b3. a4. B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn’t...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1. d2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.”4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6. B7.8.To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.P289.--Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3. D4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident:female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, thesecond is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving.For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.8. On the other hand (7)In contrast (9)But (11)9.d 10 aP.508--Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick Gregory (P.508)Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. A2. D3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. True See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 58. B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’s pride9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of the entire class;see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, andwhat is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, andwhat does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses toprovide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory givesa very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather thansimply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the winoat the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school forthat” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you readthis essay? What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he gota “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about theteacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do youthink he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker(7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).P.567 Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aStructure and Technique, 649-6501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward bothpropagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,”their “tricks,”and their “charm.”She describes the public as “content”and “eager . . . victims.”Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Whereelse in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose dothese parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “high-sounding but basically empty phrases.”The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.”The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide so manyexamples? What does she accomplish with this technique?Answer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How doname-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust. Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone. Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—people ordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and more important than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have you seenrecently that use that approach?Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us about something—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best (“Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question will vary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.” What mightbe the differences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to be victimized”(paragraph 1). Do you agree? Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the future?Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appealto the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propagandatechniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names or comments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims with no explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence ormaking an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others are doing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).P.592 Suggested Answers for “Here’s to Your Health”—Joan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, never directlystated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-6691. What method of introduction does Dunayer use? What effect do you think she hoped toachieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod’s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer’s thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the myth is . . . .” (Seethe first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are “another,”“also,”and “finally.”Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4; 5and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relationship between the paragraphs in each pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph?Answer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth.She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; it represents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking is more closelyrelated to lack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4. In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements, particularly inparagraphs 3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide? How do these details support her main point?Answer:In paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen.In paragraph 5, she provides details about a beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticing her with a cold beer. By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser’s premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads.Critical Reading and Discussion,6691. Dunayer presents and then rebuts four “myths” about alcohol. What are these four myths?According to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each myth?Answer:(1) Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexually attractive.Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one’s hormones and can lead to impotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sports mix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes’ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases. (4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayer writes, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects.2. Dunayer concludes, “‘Here’s to your health’rings with a terrible irony when it isaccompanied by the clink of liquor glasses” (paragraph 11). What is the “terrible irony” she refers to? How does this irony—already signaled in her essay’s title—relate to her main point?Answer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one’s health, is often tied to illness and misery. The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising myths promise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructive effects.3. Do you think Dunayer’s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or is it balanced?Explain. What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut it?Answer:The essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult.Rebuttals of Dunayer’s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people’s misuse of it.4. Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy their products. Besidesalcohol ads, what are some other examples of manipulative or deceptive advertising? Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell products?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcohol can preventsuccess (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; the reality is thatalcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; the reality is thatalcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline (7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness; the reality isthat alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.P.607 Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?” by David DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 683-6841. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a single point ofthe selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 6841. Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his. How does thisintroduction relate to his thesis?Answer:The anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves as a caricature of the type of teaching Daniels is criticizing.2. Does Daniels directly state his thesis? If so, where is it stated?Answer:Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: “The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.”3. In describing Mary’s classroom experience (paragraphs 5–7), Daniels provides numerousdetails. What are some of these details? How do they relate to the essay’s main idea?Answer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack of a roll call, the professor’s ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for student feedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lecture-heavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4. Daniels’s essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. What argumentationtechniques does he employ? (See pages 319–337 for information on argumentation.)Answer:Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16, “Argumentation,” pages 319–322:1) Point out common ground. Daniels points out common ground between him and schoolsthat support lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2) Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support)viewpoints that differ from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they “can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.” He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier because students can sit back and be passive and teachers can “engage in intellectual exhibitionism.”3) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants the merits ofopposing views in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are “economically necessary” and also because they “spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.”4) Rebut differing views. Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes for first- andsecond-year students by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14: smaller classes force students to become more active, students’ listening skills improve, professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of “empty memorization.”And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, he immediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-6851. Daniels states that “listening intelligently is hard work” (paragraph 9) and “Active learning. . . is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn” (paragraph10). Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard? And why does he feel that activelearning is so good?Answer:In paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques, including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point”and “taking notes selectively.” We can assume that he feels it takes time and practice to learn such techniques. In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2. In paragraph 8, Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary’s negative classroomexperience, saying,“I admit this picture is overdrawn.”Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument? Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels’argument. By admitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary’s class. It is also psychologically sound to admit a shortcoming of one’s argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonable person.3. According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedback fromstudents to a minimum. What is useful about about feedback from students?Answer:If students’ comments indicate they don’t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding. Students’ comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, the knowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4. How do your experiences in both lecture classes and smaller classes compare with Daniels’sdescriptions? As a student, which type of class do you prefer? Why? If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach? Why?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitability and teachers andstudents find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。
大学生实用写作慕课答案
大学生实用写作慕课答案1、以下对实用写作和文学写作的描述，正确的是？A、实用写作讲求虚构性，可以随意创造。
B、实用写作注重实用性和操作性，人们在生活中需要抒感，就可以用到实用写作。
D、文学写作的时效性比实用写作强。
2、一篇文章的灵魂和生命是？A、主题B、结构C、语言D、情节答案：主题3、实用写作主题确立不应遵循以下哪个原则？A、正确B、多重C、深刻D、鲜明答案：多重4、实用写作，在选择材料时应该注意？A、选择最美的材料B、选择最长的材料C、选择典型、深刻的代表材料D、选择最单一的材料答案：选择典型、深刻的代表材料5、文章中安排材料、展示思路的形式，又被称为谋篇、格局、章法的是？A、结构B、主题C、语言D、材料答案：结构6、以下哪一种篇章形态适用于实用写作？A、条款式B、反问式C、引导式D、纵贯式答案：条款式7、以下哪种逻辑关系一般用于内容单纯、叙事性强的文种？A、时序思路B、递进思路C、并列思路D、因果思路答案：时序思路A、开头B、结尾C、段落D、层次答案：层次9、正文层次中以下汉字标识确的是？A、11、11、1、11、1、1、1B、一、（一）1、(1)C、11、11、1、11、1、1、1D、一、（一）、1、(1)答案：一、（一）1、(1)10、实用写作的语言特点是？A、生动活泼B、庄重晓畅C、联想丰富D、以情动人答案：庄重晓畅1、我国现行的政机关公文种类有（）种？A、10B、12C、13D、15答案：152、我国现行的《政机关公文处理工作条例》是由办公厅、办公厅在（）年发布的，它是我们处理公文的法定依据。
A、2000B、2022C、2022D、2022答案：20223、以下不属于法定公文文种的是（）A、意见B、函C、总结D、请示答案：总结4、公文的成文时间是以（）为准的。
A、文件印制的时间B、文件盖章的时间D、领导人签发时间答案：文件签发的时间5、从1949年建国以来，公文经过了（）次调整？A、5B、6C、7D、8答案：76、公文的标题一般由（）构成。
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零 绪论
1.文章的原意是什么？
错综复杂的色彩或花纹。
“青与赤谓之文，赤与白谓之章。
”合起来就是文章。
现在文章指有意义的文字制作。
2.写作的含义是什么？
人类个体性的创造性精神劳动。
写作是运用语言反映事物、表情达意、交流思想的书面表达方式。
3.近几年兴起的新的写作形式有哪些？
网络文学、网络blog 、网络聊天、电子邮件、短信写作、短信小说等，呈现出一种写作的网络化趋势。
4.中国文化与汉语写作有怎样的关系?
中国文化 乃 汉语写作 之根，如果我们不研究中国文化，不能深刻理解我们的文化渊源，我们就会把人物事态简单化，我们就不会写出具有深刻文化底蕴的文章。
我们就不会中西比较，就不会有鉴别才有研究，有鉴别才有个性。
我们要继承优良，摒弃糟鉑，弘扬壮大我中华民族文化。
5.暨南大学珠海学院的建筑风格是怎样的?
总体风格：中式。
表现在：（1）中国典型的皇家园林坐落风格，坐南向北，依山傍水；（2）封闭式，有围墙；（3）主建筑深藏不露，只有干道延伸。
建筑风格：西式（如小罗马广场）。
但又大众普通化，有浓郁东方韵味。
第一章 材料
1.积累材料有哪些途径? 观察、感受、勤读、勤写
2.观察生活应注意哪两个方面? 要全面、精细、抓住特点，观察能力在于培养
3.有意感受与无意感受区别何在?
无意感受是主体随意的，没有自觉的目的，也没有意识到本身努力而获得的一种意外感受；而有意感受是主体自觉的、有预定目的的感受，它受主体意识和动机控制，是主体对客体刺激的集中注意。
4.科学家是否像文学家一样需要感受能力?请举例说明. 是。
如印度物理学家拉曼乘船经过地中海时，为美丽的大海陶醉，他透过观察到的自然现象，认定深蓝色的海水是因光散射引起的，由此他发现了“拉曼效应“。
5.大学生应该怎样读书? 有计划、有重点、联系实际地读书。
6.精读指的是怎样的阅读状态和效果?
精读是按顺序一字不漏地对阅读材料的仔细阅读。
不仅要透彻理解所读内容，而且要在阅读时加强联想、分析、评价等思维活动，要体会其情景，判断其真伪优劣。
7.古人有怎样的苦读故事?举一二例. 苏秦刺股，（车胤）囊莹（孙康）映雪，匡衡凿壁偷光，孔子韦编三绝 8.读书笔记通常包括哪些内容? 资料摘抄、撮cu ō
取要点、记述习得。
9.为何多读多写是提高写作能力的有效途径?
多读，能扩大我们的视野，积累更多的材料，丰富我们的立场观点；多写，能记下我们平时的所想所感，能增加我们的写作经验。
这些都能直接提高我们的写作能力。
第二章结构
1.文章的结构具有怎样的含义?指文章内部的组织和结构。
2.结构源于哪个行业? 建筑业
3.结构包含哪三部分? 开头、主体、结尾。
4.古人把文章的各部分分别比作什么?这种比喻的含义何在？
凤头、猪肚、豹尾。
开头要短小，精美、引人；中段要丰富，饱满、曲折；结尾要精悍，结实、有力。
5.文章开头有怎样的要求?
一要落笔入题，二要精彩动人。
总之要吸引人非读下去不可。
6.文章中段的写作有哪些方法? 一线穿珠法；有开有合法；欲擒故纵法；张弛结合法。
7.文章结尾有怎样的要求?
如豹尾刚劲有力，如撞钟清音有余。
要当结而结，不要草草了事、画蛇添足，当然，好的结尾还要巧酿余味，言尽意不尽，带给读者深长的体味与思考。
8、写作的重点和详略问题属于结构范畴么？属于
第三章语言
1.语言是什么?对一个民族,语言意味着什么?
语言是思想的外壳，是写作的工具，是人类最重要的交际工具。
它是一个民族的根，体现着国家民族的文化。
2.语言与思维有怎样的关系? 语言的背后是思维。
3、汉语具备哪五大特色？
（1）汉语汉字是当今世界上历史最悠久的语言文字体系，承载的文化信息极为丰富厚重，堪称一座挖掘不尽的文化宝藏。
（2）汉语汉字是当今世界上惟一仍在使用的方块字体系，便于人们的理解和记忆，并且衍生出举世罕有、美仑美奂的书法艺术。
（3）汉语的表意功能丰富而严谨，无论是表达细微感情的文艺创作，还是拟定严谨周密的契约文本，汉语均能胜任。
（4）汉语汉字精练高效，同其他语种相比，汉语汉字可以用同样的篇幅表达更多的内容，既节省纸张，也节省时间。
（5）曾经为人们担忧不已的汉字计算机输入难关已经彻底突破，如今汉字已成为世界上电脑输入速度最快的文字。
4.语言具有哪三种性质？语言的运用要求有哪些？怎样才能使语言鲜明与生动？
准确、生动、鲜明。
一、语言要一句顶一句。
二、语言要准确：写字要正确无误；用词要精确无误。
三、语言要生动与鲜明：要有形象感、趣味感、音乐感。
5.培养语言能力的渠道有哪两条?
（一）直接从生活里学习语言；（二）精读已有定评的名著
6.古人为我们树立了语言学习的榜样,请举例说明.
态度认真。
“两句三年得，一吟双泪流”“语不惊人死不休”“……句句深夜得，心自天外归。
吟成五字句，用破一生心”
7.写出当代人使用频率最高的三十个词.
郁闷、和谐、幸福、神马、纠结、浮云、给力、衰、寂寞、富二代、蜗居、无语、微博、伤不起、羡慕嫉妒恨、有木有、孤独、汗、晕、小三、酱紫、稀饭、粉丝、雷人、人品、囧、鸭梨、杯具、崩溃。
8.你认为经典的现代汉语著作,一般用多少个单字? 3000字左右
9、熟读《五百里滇池》上联和下联昆明大观楼长联
1.五百里滇diān池，奔来眼底。
2.披襟岸帻zé，喜茫茫空阔无边！
3.看东骧xiāng神骏，西翥zhù灵仪，北走蜿
蜒，南翔缟素。
4.高人韵士，何妨选胜登临。
5.趁蟹屿螺洲，梳裹就风鬟huán雾鬓bìn；
6.更萍天苇地，点缀些翠羽丹霞。
7.莫辜负四周香稻，万顷晴沙，九
夏芙蓉，三春杨柳；数千年往事，注到心头。
把酒凌虚，叹滚滚英雄谁在？
想汉习楼船，唐标铁柱，宋挥玉斧，元跨革囊náng。
伟烈丰功，费尽移山心力。
尽珠帘画栋，卷不及暮雨朝云；
便断碣jié残碑，都付与苍烟落照。
祗赢得几杵chǔ疏钟，半江渔火，两行秋雁，一枕清霜。
第四章主题
1.什么是主题? 主题是写作者的写作目的和文章的基本精神在文章中的反映。
2.“主题”出自哪个艺术门类?原指什么? 源于音乐。
原指乐曲的主旋律，乐曲的核心。
3.中国古代把主题称作什么?意、神
4.古人如何比喻主题与文章的关系?
主题是文章的灵魂，它代表着文章的社会价值和思想深度；主题是文章的统帅，“意犹帅也，无帅之兵，谓之乌合”。
5.古人对主题有哪四方面的要求? “易、直、慈、谅”（平易、正直、慈爱、体谅）
6.提炼主题的方法有哪几种?
追根溯源法、对比联系法、见微知著法、体验的方法、基底对比的提炼、旧意翻新曲、四面围攻、无中生有法。
7.从单一主题生发多种主题的方法
1) 对真实情况的发现
2）主题的开掘尽可能使人体谅人生三味
3）审时度势——选择正确、准确、纯粹的主题
8、文以载道是何意？写文章能不能主题先行？
指文章是为了说明道理的。
能。
第五章创造性思维
1、何为创造？你如何理解创造的含义？
创造是时代的灵魂，是科学技术研究和经济发展的根本性需要。
提供新的、首创的、有社会意义的产物就是创造。
首创前所未有的事物。
就是破旧立新。
想出新方法，建立新理论，做出新东西。
有目的的活动，活动的结果是发现某种新的早先未知的东
西。
就是把已知的材料重新组合，产生出新的事物或思想。
2、为何说人类的历史就是一部创造史？
在激烈的竞争中，国家的兴旺发达，个人的事业有成，惟有开拓创新。
创造首先要有创造性思维，人类就是凭借着创造性思维，在不断地认识着世界，利用着世界和改造着世界，可以说，人类所创造的一切成果都是创造性思维的外现或物化。
3、创造的本质或者说根源是什么？
物质需求和精神需求的双重需要
4、胡适教导弟子成名的方法是哪三种？你如何理解这些方法？
上品爆冷门，中品骂名人，下品捧名人。
5、根据你的理解，列出能够代表我国文化的八大国粹，并对每一种国粹发表自己的见解：它为何是国粹？这种国粹包含着怎样的文化与国民精神？
瓷器
中药
白酒
茶叶
丝绸
麻将
京剧
四合院
6、因独生子女的特殊性，因高考制度造成的强压力，因莘莘学子乃国家栋梁民族希望等诸多因素，近年来在校大学生程度不等的心理疾患引起教育界乃至整个社会的关注。
请思量此问题，从社会、学校、个人三方面谈你的看法。
7、我国网络调查表明，最具幸福感的人，也就是幸福指数最高的人群，人均收入在五千元至八千元。
请你分析说明或者举例论证收入与幸福感之间存在怎样的关系？为何幸福感不能与金钱成正比？
8、人类的2012年是不平凡的一年，请列出这一年发生的五件大事，并就其中一件事发表自己的看法。
18大
世界末日
伦敦奥运会
冬季奥运会奥地利
美国总统选举奥巴马连任
9、你认为人类急需解决哪三个方面的大问题?
环境破坏
资源枯竭
人口剧增
10、你认为当代社会怎样才能避免战争？避免战争的最好办法是什么？
共同发展紧密合作互相牵制。