近三年高考英语各题型考点分布表出炉
近三年高考英语各题型考点分布表出炉！附最后备考攻略！
全国卷更加重语境，无暗示，语法与情境相结合。在完形填空方面，需要基于语篇，结合具体语境分析词汇和语法，才可以选出答案；在阅读方面，要对整体篇章有所把握，能够根据逻辑结构对细节进行分析；在作文方面，不再以翻译串联汉语为主，能基于想象进行熟练地表达。接下来，将分题型对2014年-2016年试题进行分析。
一、阅读理解
（表1）
从表1中可以发现，在对阅读理解的考查中，变化较小，整体趋于平稳。近三年的高考知识点仍然以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，词义推测仍然以每年一题的形式出现，而标题归纳题、观点态度题以及代词指代题则是灵活出现。但是我们要注意的是，细节理解题考查数量逐年递减，2016年高考中基本与推理判断题持平，而推理判断题题量2016年与2015年处于持平状态；词义推测题虽然题量没有变化，但是考纲要求相对于2014年来说，从要求考生“根据上下文推断生词词义”变更为“根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义”，这一变化可以看出高考对于考生的阅读理解能力的要求提高。
（表2）
从表2中，我们可以看到阅读理解的体裁上仍以说明文和记叙文为主，议论文在2014和2015年都未考查，而2016年没有考查应用文。整体来说，近三年阅读理解所选材料贴合实际生活，难度基本持平。建议考生根据自身的不足，有针对性的进行练习，加强实战训练与课外阅读。
二、七选五阅读填空
（表3）
七选五虽然也属于阅读理解这一大题中，但是它所要求考生的阅读理解能力要高一些。它需要考生对文章有整体的把握后，选出正确的答案。从表3中，我们可以看出来，近三年都是以说明文的形式出现，前两年的话题较为贴近日常生活，2016年则以科技为主，更加考查考生对于文章的理解能力。
三、完形填空
（表4）
完形填空一直以来都是英语考试中常考题型。在高考中，着重考查了考生的词汇量和对文章的理解能力。从对近三年的完形填空的分析，我们可以看出完形填空侧重于记叙文体裁，对名词和动词的词义辨析为主。但是其中也有些细微的变化，例如：2016年加大了对于动词词组的考查；对名词和动词的考查力度降低；2016年新增了连词的考查。
因此，在日常学习中，建议考生多阅读国外的记叙文文章，增加自己的词汇量，同时在学习单词的过程中，要学会将单词放在语境中记忆，多去类比一些相关或者相似的单词。
四、语法填空
（表5）
语法填空是2014年新增的题型，相比较单项填空而言，不再单一考查学生的语法知识，而是更加看重学生对于知识灵活运用的能力。由于是新题型，考察点不像阅读理解那样固定。从表5中，我们不难发现，2014年考查的点与近两年有很大的不同，但是我们仍能发现以下特点：
对于从句的考查，近三年不仅题量相同，而且都是对于定语从句引导词的考查；在对名词考查中，主要考查名词单复数的变形为主；在对代词的考查中，需要考生联系上下文；在对形容词和副词考查中，除了2014年考察了2题比较级和最高级，其他主要对形容词和副词转换的考查；2016年较前两年来说，考查的知识点分布较为均匀，词类比较多。
值得注意的是，该题共设空为10个空，只有3空没有给出提示词，其他7空主要是对提示词的变形。不过，对于所填词数的要求，除了2014年是“不多于3个单词”外，近两年都是“1个单词”，因此考生需要更加准确地把握语境内容及选用恰当的词汇作答。
五、短文改错
（表6）
在对近三年短文改错的分析中，我们发现材料更加贴近学生的生活，趋向选取学生习作改编为主，减少了对于高级语法点考查的数量。从表6中，我们可以看见16年与15年考查知识点基本一致；连续3年，对于时态和语义的考查都是1题；15年和16年都查考了”and”和”or”的用法。
在短文改错的十处错误中，都有8处单词的修改，1处增加单词，1处删除单词。虽然题目中并没有提到这个规律，但是值得考生参考做题。建议考生在日常学习中，多注意自己
作文易错点、与同学互改作文，以此来形成改错的做题思维。
六、书面表达
（表7）
近三年的书面表达都为书信体，话题为学生所熟悉，不做开放性的要求。含有一定正能量的生活类话题，便于考生发挥拓展。从表7中我们可以发现，在要点提示这块，2016年没有明确的写作要点提示，14年是以图表中的英文提示为主，15年的要点提示最为明显。
建议考生在日常学习中，注意书信体的格式。因为在近三年的高考试卷中，只有2015年给出了信件的开头和结尾，切勿因格式细节问题丢分。与此同时，建议考生多积累一些高级词汇和句型，使文章有出彩点。
七、最后备考建议
1.注重语法基础知识，自己整理笔记，形成语法体系；
2.打牢词汇基础，从反复做真题和模拟题中找出常考词汇，并加以整理；
3.抓住考试大纲，有针对性的进行练习，保障每天的做题量符合自己的需求；
4.作文书写要学会自己检查，多找老师面批，学生之间进行互批；
5.必备手册：语法笔记、常考词汇、错题本和好词好句本，以上几个手册，建议考生自己整理，这样脑海中印象更深刻，而且针对性更强。
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高考英语新课标卷七选五题型解题指导 Step 1七选五解题考查要求及新变化： 考纲解读：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主旨概括句过渡性句子细节注释性句子 关注变化：最主要就是体现在七选五选择的体裁上，以前的真题以议论文说明文居多，或者说逻辑关系更容易把握，2017年全国I卷真题是记叙文中对文章机构和逻辑关系等的断定。 其他细节变化：2015年全国I卷有文章标题和项目符合（黑点或者星号等符号提醒），2016年全国I卷五标题无项目符合。说明减少一些能够提醒学生的因素，实际上是增加了考查的力度和要求。当然2017年真题II卷无条目；III卷有项目符号说明考查的要求是不一样的。 Step 2 策略方法与避免的误区 文章整体内容-------主旨概括句解题策略： ?分析选项关键词是否与原文、段落主旨吻合 ?避免的误区：主旨概括句排除项特点：过于宽泛、以偏概全、或偏离主题。 例如下面的文章： ___?_题目1___ If you’re reading this you’re probably really bored and, at the moment, have no one to be with. Whether you long for a boyfriend or a girlfriend, or miss your family and friends, this guide can help you cope with living alone. 1. ___?_题目2___ Live a life of optimism. Happiness comes from within, regardless of your situation, so don’t use any excuses, such as being alone. 2. Do everything you normally did with a partner or a friend. ... 3. Learning something new. … 4. Get a pet. … 5. Re ad. … 6. Exercise. … 从下面选择最合适的选项填写到题目1 和题目2横线中 A. Being Alone Without Being Lonely B. Happiness is the only choice. C. Tired of Being Alone D. Be happy.
2020-2021全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题分类汇总附答案
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air thah forest trees. As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning-of fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe. Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2, but there hadn't been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out. To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A tree's diameter increases as it grows, just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years' tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2. City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest, trees tend to grow close together, shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak. （1）What can he known about CO2 from paragraph 2? A. It is one of the side effects of greenhouses. B. It greatly accelerates the process of global warming. C. It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels. D. It prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on. （2）Why did researchers track the diameters of trees? A. To know about their growth rates. B. To find out how much they weigh. C. To check whether they were healthy. D. To assess the carbon amounts in them. （3）What advantage do city trees have over forest trees? A. They are more likely to access growth promoters. B. They can enjoy more water coming from the air. C. They can enjoy more shade from neighbors. D. They are better at competing for light. （4）What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued? A. How urban trees can live longer. B. Why city living makes trees die young. C. How trees respond to dry soil conditions. D. Why faster-growing trees absorb more CO2.