延续性动词和非延续性动词
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延续性动词和非延续性动词
延续性动词是指表示能够延续的动作。
如:study, work, stand, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。☆延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
非延续性动词这类动词也可称为终止性动词、短暂性动词、瞬间动词、点动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束。
☆非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。
因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他已经死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
两者的转换:
leave --- be away, borrow --- keep,
buy --- have, begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead, fall ill --- be ill
finish --- be over open sth --- keep sth open,
get up---be up, come here --- be here,
go there --- be there, fall asleep --- be asleep
become --- be, come back --- be back,
get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out,
put on→ wear catch a cold →have a cold
marry/get married---be married等
例:The old man died 4 years ago
. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.
---- It is 4 years since the old man died.
----Four years has passed since the old man died.
练习题
用过去时或现在完成时填空:
1. ________ you _________ (have) lunch yet?
When _______ you _________ (have) it?
I _______ (have) it at half past eleven.
2. _________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?
Yes, I ___________.
I ________________ (write) one last week.
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. _________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?
5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
6. My father _________ (finish) his work just now.
短暂性动词转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in →be in
1) He arrived in Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return →be back come
go out →be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.