CCPSA最新加拿大玩具安规
加拿大儿童安全规定(3篇)
第1篇儿童是国家的未来和希望，他们的安全与健康始终是社会关注的焦点。
加拿大作为一个发达国家，在儿童安全方面有着严格的法律和规定。
本文将详细介绍加拿大的儿童安全规定，包括交通安全、住宅安全、玩具安全等方面，以期为广大家长提供参考。
二、交通安全1. 儿童汽车座椅规定加拿大政府要求所有儿童在乘车时必须使用符合国家安全标准的汽车座椅。
以下是一些具体规定：（1）婴儿和1岁以下、体重不超过9公斤的儿童，必须使用婴儿座椅，并面向后方安装。
（2）1岁至4岁、体重在9公斤至18公斤之间的儿童，必须使用儿童安全座椅，并面向后方安装。
（3）4岁至8岁、身高在145厘米以下或体重超过18公斤的儿童，必须使用儿童安全座椅，并面向前方安装。
（4）8岁至12岁、身高在145厘米以下或体重超过36公斤的儿童，必须使用儿童安全座椅或加高座椅。
（5）12岁及以上的儿童，可以开始使用成人安全带。
加拿大政府禁止从其他国家购买不符合安全标准的汽车座椅。
家长在购买时应注意查看产品是否带有加拿大国家安全标志。
2. 儿童安全带规定加拿大政府规定，所有12岁以下的儿童在乘车时必须使用安全带。
驾驶员和前排乘客必须系好安全带，以确保自身和儿童的安全。
三、住宅安全1. 热水器安全加拿大政府要求所有住宅中的热水器都必须符合国家安全标准。
家长应定期检查热水器，确保其安全运行。
2. 水龙头安全家长应为儿童安装防烫伤水龙头，以防止儿童在玩耍时烫伤。
3. 火灾安全家长应定期检查家中的烟雾报警器，确保其正常工作。
同时，家长应教育儿童不玩火，了解火灾逃生路线。
四、玩具安全1. 玩具材质安全加拿大政府规定，所有适用于12岁及以下儿童的玩具都必须符合《加拿大消费品安全法案》（CCPSA）。
该法案对玩具的材质、设计、生产、包装、标识等方面都有严格的规定。
2. 玩具测试加拿大政府对玩具进行严格的测试，包括物理安全、化学安全、生物安全等方面。
只有通过测试的玩具才能在市场上销售。
加拿大发布消费品安全法案CCPSA新法规
技术性贸易措施最新通报2016年第25辑（总第427辑）目 录 (1)2、美国更新肉类等生产中所用安全、合适成分指令 (1)................... 2 (3)5、美国环保局修订商用冰箱及冰柜的能源之星规定 (5)6、新加坡RoHS 指令要求将于2017年6月1日生效................... 6 ................................. 7 .. (8)...................................................... 9 就婴儿换尿布产品强制性安全标准进行审议 . (10)11、美国玩具安全规范ASTM F963-16版最新发布 (12)12、加拿大发布消费品安全法案（CCPSA ）新法规 (13)13、欧盟发布音乐玩具判断指南 .................................................. 16 宁波技术性贸易措施综合服务中心2016年11月16日宁波检验检疫局法制处技贸科宁 波 检 验 检 疫 协 会美国肉禽食品标示可采用普通食品营养标示规定2016年11月10日，美国食品安全检查署（FSIS）消息：FSIS 正在更新肉类、禽类、蛋制品营养标示法规，在目前没有正式出台有关肉类、禽类、蛋制品营养标示规定情况下，企业可以自愿参照使用食品药品管理局（FDA）于2016年5月27日发布的普通食品营养标示管理规定（81FR33742），以及FDA发布的食品标示规定。
从FSIS发布肉类、禽类、蛋制品营养标示规定之日起，相关食品的营养标示标注将需要按照FSIS规定要求进行标注（如果FDA 有关营养标注要求不同于FSIS要求情况下）。
FSIS就肉类、禽类、蛋制品营养标注暂行措施征求评价意见，评价意见期限为30天。
返回目录（来源：美国农业部）美国更新肉类等生产中所用安全、合适成分指令2016年11月14日，美FSIS更新《肉类、禽类、蛋品生产中所用安全、合适成分》指令（编号：7120.1，第38次修正）。
婴儿床垫出口加拿大需要办理什么认证
婴儿床垫出口加拿大需要办理什么认证？
婴儿床垫出口加拿大CCPSA认证SOR/2016-152标准。
欢迎看昵称咨询。
此政策适用于与婴儿床、摇篮、婴儿摇篮或睡眠用品配件（这些术语在婴儿床、摇篮和婴儿摇篮法规中定义）一起出售的床垫。
CCPSA认证：
CCPSA，是指2010年12月15日加拿大通过的《加拿大消费品安全法案》，成为加拿大就玩具行业而言相关的法律，主要是《危险产品法案》（HPA）例《危险产品（玩具）条例》，由加拿大健康产品安全局（其前身为产品安和执行。
CCPSA玩具条例（SOR/2011-17）自2011年6月20日起取代之前（玩具）法规（C.R.C.,c.931）。
危险产品法案章部分和第二部分对玩具做出限值和管制将过度到CCPSA相关法规。
认证标准:
SOR/2016-152 (婴儿床、摇篮和婴儿摇篮法规)
SOR/2018-83 (含铅消费品法规)
SOR/2016-193 (表面涂层材料法规-铅)
SOR/2016-188(邻苯:=甲酸盐)
《纺织品标签法》与《纺织品标签和广告法规》
CCPSA认证流程：
1、填写申请表（公司信息等）；
2、检查合同签订并付款（根据申请表来出合同）；
3、样品寄送（回传单号方便跟进）；
4、正式检测；（测试通过）
5、报告确认；（确认草稿件）
6、正式报告。
CRC.c 931 加拿大玩具安全要求
Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulations, C.R.C., c. 931SHORT TITLE1.These Regulations may be cited as the Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulations. INTERPRETATION2．In these Regulations,"Act" means the Hazardous Products Act; (Loi)"soft toy" includes a stuffed toy, a pliable rubber toy and a pliable plastic toy. (jouet mou) GENERAL3．(1) A person may advertise, sell or import into Canada a product included in any of items 13 to 20 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act only if that product meets the requirements of these Regulations.(2) Any written statement or warning or other written information required by these Regulations shall appear in both the English and French languages. SOR/91-267, s. 1. PACKAGING4．(1) A flexible film bag used to package any product described in paragraph 13(a) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the following requirements:(a) the opening of the bag shall be less than 14 inches in circumference; or(b) the bag shall(i) be made from film that is at least 0.75 ml thick, and(ii) have printed legibly on it the following warning:"PLASTIC BAGS CAN BE DANGEROUS. TO AVOID DANGER OF SUFFOCATION KEEP THIS BAG AWAY FROM BABIES AND CHILDREN."(2) The warning set out in paragraph (1)(b) may be expressed in different words if those words convey clearly the same warning. SOR/91-267, s. 2.ELECTRICAL HAZARDS5．Every product described in paragraph 13(b) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the requirements applicable to it that are set out in Canadian Standards Association Standard C22.2 No. 149-1972, entitled Electrically Operated Toys. SOR/78-393, s. 1; SOR/91-267, s.3.6. Every wood-burning electric tool included in paragraph 13(b) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the requirements applicable to it that are set out in Canadian Standards Association Standard C22.2 No. 122-M1989, entitled Hand-Held Electrically Heated Tools. SOR/91-267, s. 3.MECHANICAL HAZARDS7. No product included in paragraph 13(c) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall have a component or part, other than a component or part constructed entirely of soft textile fibre material, that(a) is separable;(b) may become detached with reasonably foreseeable use; and(c) can be totally enclosed in the small parts cylinder described in Schedule VIII. SOR/91-267, s. 4; SOR/2004-65, s. 3.8. Every product described in(a) paragraph 13(d) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall have all exposed metal edges folded back or sprayed with or dipped in paint or otherwise treated so that all sharpness and burrs are eliminated;(b) paragraph 13(e) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all ends of wire covered, turned in or turned back so that no sharp ends become exposed with reasonably foreseeable use; (c) paragraph 13(f) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all of its plastic parts that would, on breaking, expose sharp edges,(i) made sufficiently thick to resist breakage through reasonably foreseeable use, or(ii) where such parts are necessarily thin because of the function of the product, made of inherently tough materials;(d) paragraph 13(g) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all of its exposed wooden surfaces, edges and corners smoothly finished;(e) paragraph 13(h) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all edges and corners of the glass smoothly finished;(f) paragraph 13(i) of Part II of that Schedule shall have only such fasteners as, by reason of their type, size and manner of use, will not, with reasonably foreseeable use, cause personal injury and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, shall have(i) any nails and staples properly secured,(ii) any flat head or oval head wood screws of the countersunk head type properly countersunk,(iii) any wood screws free of all exposed burrs,(iv) any fasteners in upholstering or upholstering-like application properly secured and of a type that, if exposed would not be a hazard, and(v) any threaded bolts protected by acorn or similar nuts or protective caps, unless the bolts are so placed that they protrude into a protected area where contact with the threaded ends is not likely to occur;(g) paragraph 13(j) of Part II of that Schedule shall have a safety stop or a locking device to prevent the unintentional collapse of the product;(h) paragraph 13(k) of Part II of that Schedule shall have(i) its spring-wound driving mechanism enclosed so that the moving parts thereof cannot be touched under reasonably foreseeable use,(ii) an outer case that will withstand reasonable abuse if the product is so constructed that damage to the outer case would cause the mechanism to be exposed,(iii) where a non-detachable winding key has been installed, such winding key of a shape and size that a child's finger cannot become ensnared in it, and(iv) where a detachable key or starting handle is to be used, a clearance space between the key or handle, when in place, and the body of the product, that is less than 1/16 inch (2 mm) or greater than 3/8 inch (10 mm);(i) paragraph 13(l) of Part II of that Schedule shall have a rubber tip or other durable fitting placed on the leading end of the projectile component with sufficient security to withstand a pulling force of ten pounds (44.5 N);(j) paragraph 13(m) of Part II of that Schedule shall have holes of sufficient size and number in each of two or more adjacent sides to prevent the suffocation of a child enclosed therein; and(k) paragraph 13(n) of Part II of that Schedule shall stand level and firm when used.SOR/78-393, s. 2; SOR/91-267, s. 5.THERMAL HAZARDS9.Every product described in paragraph 13(o) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the thermal and labelling requirements applicable to it that are set out in Canadian Standards Association Standard C22.2 No. 149-1972, entitled Electrically Operated Toys. SOR/78-393, s. 3; SOR/91-267, s. 6.TOXICOLOGICAL HAZARDS10.Every product described in paragraph 13(p) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet at least one of the following requirements:(a) the product, by reason of its nature, physical form, size or any other characteristic, shall be such that the toxic substance or the substance or part containing the toxic substance cannot be ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin;(b) the total quantity of the available toxic substance shall not exceed one-hundredth of the acute oral or dermal median lethal dose, whichever is the lesser, calculated for a child having a body weight of 10 kg; or(c) the toxicity of the toxic substance does not exceed the limits prescribed by Schedule I. SOR/78-393, s. 4(E); SOR/91-267, s. 7.11. Every product described in paragraph 13(q) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet at least one of the following requirements:(a) the product, by reason of its nature or any characteristic, shall be such that the corrosive substance, irritant or sensitizer cannot come in contact with the skin; or(b) the corrosive substance, irritant or sensitizer shall not be excessively corrosive or irritant or an excessively strong sensitizer as determined in accordance with the tests prescribed by Schedule II. SOR/91-267, s. 8.12.(1) Subject to subsection (2), resins, plasticizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments and other substances and the grade, quality, quantity and proportions thereof used in manufacturing any plastic material used in any product included in paragraph 13(r) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be those considered acceptable for use in the manufacture of food packaging materials and food containers.(2) A substance, other than a heavy metal, a compound of a heavy metal or a substance set out in item 8 or 9 of Part I of Schedule I to the Act, may, subject to sections 10 and 11, be present in a plastic material referred to in subsection (1) in the amount of one per cent or less. SOR/91-267, s. 9.Dolls and Soft Toys13. All parts, clothing or ornamentation attached to any product described in paragraph 14(a) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be attached to the product in such a manner that no sharp edge or point will become exposed as a result of reasonably foreseeable use of the product. SOR/91-267, s. 10.14. All material used for stuffing any product described in paragraph 14(b) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall(a) be clean and free from vermin;(b) be free from hard and sharp foreign matter; and(c) be non-toxic and non-irritant as required by Schedules I and II. SOR/91-267, s. 11.15. Every eye or nose referred to in paragraph 14(c) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act, excepta part that is made entirely of felt or other soft textile material, shall be attached to the product in such a manner that(a) the eye or nose cannot be gripped by a three-pronged claw hook referred to in Schedule III; or(b) when tested in accordance with the method described in Schedule III, the eye or nose does not become detached. SOR/91-267, s. 12.16. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), every product described in paragraph 14(d) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall, when tested in accordance with the test procedures set out in Schedule V, have a time of flame spread in excess of 7 seconds.(2) Where, due to the small size of a product referred to in subsection (1), sufficient material, including any seam, cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test referred to in Schedule V and the exposed pile length is two inches or more, the product, after being(a) subjected to the laundering procedure prescribed in item 5 of Schedule VII, if the textile material or natural fur is known to have a flame-retarding finish, or if preliminary testing indicates that such a finish may be present,(b) dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 221°F (105°C) or for 120 minutes at 167°F (75°C),(c) removed from the oven, and(d) placed over a desiccant such as anhydrous calcium chloride in a desiccator until cool, but for not less than 15 minutes or more than two hours, shall(e) not flame upon a one-second impingement of the calibrated flame applied by the flammability tester specified in item 1 of Schedule VI; or(f) self-extinguish within two seconds of the removal of the flame referred to in paragraph (d).(3) Where, due to the small size of a product referred to in subsection (1), sufficient material, including any seam, cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test referred to in Schedule V and the exposed pile length is less than two inches, subsection (1) is not applicable to the product. SOR/80-312, s. 1;SOR/91-267, s. 13.(4) [Revoked, SOR/80-312, s. 1]17. (1) Subject to subsection (2), every product described in paragraph 14(e) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall have a time of flame spread in excess of 7 seconds,(a) when tested in accordance with the test procedures set out in Schedule VII; or(b) where, due to the short length of the yarn, sufficient material cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test procedures set out in Schedule VII, when tested in accordance with the test procedures set out in Schedule V.(2) Where, due to the short length of the yarn and the small size of a product referred to in subsection (1), sufficient material, including any seam, cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test procedures set out in Schedule V, subsection (1) is not applicable to the product. SOR/91-267, s. 14.18. The hair or mane, or simulated hair or simulated mane, of every product described in paragraph 14(f) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act, after being(a) subjected to the laundering procedure prescribed in item 5 of Schedule VII if the hair or mane, or simulated hair or simulated mane is known to have a flame-retarding finish, or if preliminary testing indicates that such a finish may be present,(b) dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 221°F (105°C) or for 120 minutes at 167°F (75°C),(c) removed from the oven, and(d) placed over a desiccant such as anhydrous calcium chloride in a desiccator until cool, but for not less than 15 minutes or more than two hours, shall(e) not flame upon a one-second impingement of the calibrated flame applied by the flammability tester specified in item 1 of Schedule VI, or(f) self-extinguish within two seconds of the removal of the flame referred to in paragraph (d). SOR/91-267, s. 15.19. Every squeaker, reed, valve or other similar device referred to in paragraph 14(g) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act that can be totally enclosed in the small parts cylinder shown in Schedule VIII shall be secured to the product in such a manner that it cannot come loose asa result of reasonably foreseeable use. SOR/91-267, s. 16; SOR/2004-65, s. 4.20. Every product described in item 14 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet all such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products included in item 13 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it. SOR/91-267, s. 16.Pull and Push Toys21. Every product described in item 15 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall(a) meet all such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products described in items 13 and 14 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it; and(b) have a protective tip placed on the end of the shaft-like handle thereof(i) for the purpose of preventing puncture wounds, and(ii) with sufficient security to withstand a pulling force of 10 pounds (44.5 N). SOR/78-393, s. 5; SOR/91-267, s. 17.Toy Steam Engines22. Every product included in item 16 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products described in item 13 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it. SOR/91-267, s. 18.23. (1) Toy steam engine boilers shall meet the following requirements:(a) each boiler shall be fitted with a firmly installed spring valve or any other safety valve except a weight valve;(b) the operating pressure of a safety valve shall not be more than one and one-half times the operating pressure of the steam boiler to which it is fitted; and(c) each boiler shall be constructed to withstand, without rupture, a pressure that is at least three times the operating pressure of the boiler.(2) For the purpose of subsection (1), the operating pressure of a boiler is the steam pressure in the boiler that adjusts itself after the steam engine has been running without a load. Finger Paints24. Every product included in item 17 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall(a) be water-based; and(b) meet such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products included in item 13 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it. SOR/91-267, s. 19.Rattles25. Every product included in item 18 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be so constructed(a) that no sharp wire will, with reasonably foreseeable use, become exposed; and(b) that no part of the product and none of its components that can be removed by the application of a force of 50 Newtons (11.23 lbs.) or less or a torque of less than one Newton metre (8.85 in. lbs.) will impinge on the base of the template depicted in Schedule IX, when tested in accordance with the instructions set out in that Schedule. SOR/91-267, s. 20. Elastic26. Every product described in item 19 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet at least one of the following requirements:(a) its extensibility shall not be more than 75 per cent of its unstretched length; or(b) its fully-stretched length shall not be more than 30 inches (0.75 m). SOR/91-267, s. 21. Batteries27. Every product included in item 20 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be constructed to withstand the test prescribed in Schedule IV without leakage. SOR/91-267, s. 22.SCHEDULE I(ss. 10 and 14)PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF TOXICITY1. (1) For the purposes of paragraphs 10(c) and 14(c) of the Regulations, a substance shall be considered excessively toxic for humans if(a) the acute oral LD50 value thereof for rat is 5 grams or less per kilogram body weight;(b) the acute dermal LD50 value for rabbit is 2 grams or less per kilogram body weight; and(c) where gas, vapour, mist or dust is likely to be encountered when the substance is used in any reasonably foreseeable manner, the LC50 value thereof for a one-hour exposure determined using rats, is 20,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor or less, or 200 milligrams per litre by volume of mist or dust or less.(2) LD50 values are to be determined in conformity with good toxicological practice.(3) The number of deaths during a 14-day period following dosage shall be used as the basis for calculation of the LD50 value.(4) Sufficient animals shall be used to give a statistically significant result, which result shall be calculated using methods based upon good statistical practice.(5) The methods used by C. I. Bliss (1938) and J. T. Litchfield and W. F. Wilcoxon (1949) are acceptable but other methods giving similar results may also be accepted.2. The dermal LD50 value shall be determined in the following manner:In the acute exposures the agent is held in contact with the skin by means of a sleeve for periods varying up to 24 hours. The sleeve, made of rubber dam or other impervious material, is so constructed that the ends are reinforced with additional strips and should fit snugly around the trunk of the animal. The ends of the sleeve are tucked, permitting the central portion to "balloon" and furnish a reservoir for the dose. The reservoir must have sufficient capacity to contain the dose without pressure. The dimensions of sleeves and the approximate body surface exposed to the test substance are given in the following table:DIMENSIONS OF SLEEVES FOR ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY TEST(Test Animal Rabbits)Measurements in Averageof Average percentagecentimetres Range---------------------------------------------- weight of area of of totalDiameter Overall animals exposure bodyat ends length (grams) (cm.2) surface----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.0 12.5 2,500--3,500 240 10.7----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The sleeves may vary in size to accommodate smaller or larger subjects. In the testing of unctuous materials that adhere readily to the skin, mesh wire screen may be employed instead of the sleeve. The screen is padded and raised approximately 2 centimetres from the exposed skin. In the case of dry powder preparations, the skin and substance are moistened with physiological saline prior to exposure. The sleeve or screen is then slipped over the gauze which holds the dose applied to the skin. In the case of finely divided powders the measured dose is evenly distributed on cotton gauze, which is then secured to the area of exposure.The animals are prepared by clipping the skin of the trunk free of hair. Approximately one half of the animals are further prepared by making epidermal abrasions every 2 centimetres or 3 centimetres longitudinally over the area of exposure. The abrasions are sufficiently deep to penetrate the stratum corneum (horny layer of the epidermis), but not to disturb the derma--that is, not to obtain bleeding.The sleeve is slipped onto the animal, that is then placed in a comfortable but immobilized position in a multiple animal holder. Selected doses of liquids and solutions are introduced under the sleeve. If there is slight leakage from the sleeve, which may occur during the first few hours of exposure, it is collected and reapplied. Dosage levels are adjusted in subsequent exposures (if necessary) to enable a calculation of a dose that would be fatal to 50 per cent of the animals. This can be determined from mortality ratios obtained at various doses employed. At the end of 24 hours the sleeves or screens are removed, the volume of unabsorbed material, if any, is measured, and the skin reactions are noted. The subjects are cleaned by thorough wiping, observed for gross symptoms of poisoning, and then observed for two weeks.3. For the purposes of this schedule, "LD50" means the dose that will kill 50 per cent of test animals under the specified conditions of test; and "LC50" means the concentration of gas and vapour that will kill 50 per cent of test animals under the specified conditions of test.4. The methods referred to in subsection 1(5) are described in publications as follows:(a) C.I. Bliss, The determination of the dosage-mortality curve from small numbers, Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1939, Volume 11, page 192; and(b) J.T. Litchfield and W.F. Wilcoxon, A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1949, Volume 96, page 99.SCHEDULE II (ss. 11 and 14)CRITERIA FOR DECIDING IF A SUBSTANCE IS EXCESSIVELY CORROSIVE OR IRRITANT OR AN EXCESSIVELY STRONG SENSITIZER1. A substance or mixture of substances shall be considered not excessively irritant for the purposes of section 11 and paragraph 14(c) of the Regulations if it is not excessively irritant to(a) the eye judged on human experience or based upon the test method described hereunder; and(b) the skin judged on human experience or based upon the test method described hereunder.Method for Testing Eye Irritant Properties2. (1) Six albino rabbits are used for each test substance. Animal facilities for such procedures shall be so designed and maintained as to exclude sawdust, wood ships, or other extraneous materials that might produce eye irritation. Both eyes of each animal in the test group shall be examined before testing, and only those animals without eye defects or irritation shall be used. The animal is held firmly but gently until quiet. The test material is placed in one eye of each animal by gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball to form a cup into which the test substance is dropped. The lids are then gently held together for one second and the animal is released. The other eye, remaining untreated, serves as a control. For testing liquids, 0.1 millilitre is used. For solids or pastes, 100 milligrams of the test substance is used, except that for substances in flake, granule, powder or other particulate form the amount that has a volume of 0.1 millilitre (after compacting as much as possible without crushing or altering the individual particles, such as by tapping the measuring container) shall be used whenever this volume weighs less than 100 milligrams. In such a case, the weight of the 0.1 millilitre test dose should be recorded. The eyes are not washed following instillation of test material except as noted below.(2) The eyes are examined and the grade of ocular reaction is recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Reading of reactions is facilitated by use of a binocular loupe, hand slit-lamp, or other expert means. After the recording of observations at 24 hours, any or all eyes may be further examined after applying fluorescein. For this optional test, one drop of fluorescein sodium ophthalmic solution U.S.P. or equivalent is dropped directly on the cornea. After flushing outthe excess fluorescein with sodium chloride solution U.S.P. or equivalent, injured areas of the cornea appear yellow; this is best visualized in a darkened room under ultraviolet illumination. Any or all eyes may be washed with sodium chloride solution U.S.P. or equivalent after the 24-hour reading.(3) An animal shall be considered as exhibiting an excessive reaction if the test substance produces at any of the readings ulceration of the cornea (other than a fine stippling), or opacity of the cornea (other than a slight dulling of the normal luster), or inflammation of the iris (other than a slight deepening of the folds (or rugae) or a slight circumcorneal injection of the blood vessels), or if such substance produces in the conjunctivae (excluding the cornea and iris) an obvious swelling with partial eversion of the lids or a diffuse crimson-red with individual vessels not easily discernible.(4) The test shall be considered positive if four or more of the animals in the test group exhibita positive reaction. If only one animal exhibits a positive reaction, the test shall be regarded as negative. If two or three animals exhibit a positive reaction, the test is repeated using a different group of six animals. The second test shall be considered positive if three or more of the animals exhibit a positive reaction. If only one or two animals in the second test exhibit a positive reaction, the test shall be repeated with a different group of six animals. Should a third test be needed, the substance will be regarded as excessively irritant if any animal exhibits a positive response.(5) To assist testing laboratories and other interested persons in interpreting the results obtained when a substance is tested in accordance with the method described in subsection (1) of this section, an "Illustrated Guide for Grading Eye Irritation by Hazardous Substances" is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. The guide contains colour plates depicting responses of varying intensity to specific test solutions. The grade of response and the substance used to produce the response will be indicated.Method for Testing Skin Irritant Properties3. (1) Primary irritation to the skin is measured by a patch-test technique on the abraded and intact skin of an albino rabbit, clipped free of hair. A minimum of six subjects are used in abraded and intact skin tests. Introduce under a square patch such as two single layers of surgical gauze, measuring 1 inch by 1 inch, 0.5 millilitre (in the case of liquids) or 0.5 gram (in the case of solids and semisolids) of the test substance. Dissolve solids in an appropriate solvent and apply the solution as for liquids. The animals are immobilized with patches secured in place by adhesive tape. The entire trunk of the animal is then wrapped with an impervious material such as rubberized cloth for the 24-hour period of exposure. This material aids in maintaining the test patches in position and retards the evaporation of volatile substances. After 24 hours of exposure, the patches are removed and the resulting reactions are evaluated on the basis of the designated values in the following table:Evaluation of skin reactions Value1 Erythema and eschar formation:No erythema 0 Very slight erythema (barely perceptible) 1 Well-defined erythema 2 Moderate to severe erythema 3 Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar formation (injuries in depth)4 Edema formation:No edema 0 Very slight edema (barely perceptible) 1 Slight edema (edges of area well defined by definite raising)2 Moderate edema (raised approximately one millimetre)3 Severe edema (raised more than one millimetre and extending beyond the area of exposure) 4----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1The "value" recorded for each reading is the average value of the six or more animals subject to the test.Readings are again made at the end of a total of 72 hours (48 hours after the first reading). An equal number of exposures are made on areas of skin that have been previously abraded. The abrasions are minor incisions through the stratum corneum, but not sufficiently deep to disturb the derma or to produce bleeding. Evaluate the reactions of the abraded skin at 24 hours and 72 hours, as described in this paragraph. Add the values for erythema and eschar formation at 24 hours and at 72 hours for intact skin to the values on abraded skin at 24 hours and at 72 hours (four values). Similarly, add the values for edema formation at 24 hours and at 72 hours for intact and abraded skin (four values). The total of the eight values is divided by four to give the primary irritation score. A score of 5 or more is indicative that the substance is excessively irritant.(2) A substance shall not be considered to be excessively corrosive for the purposes of section 11 and paragraph 14(c) of the Regulations unless it causes visible destruction or irreversible changes in tissue at the site of the application.(3) A substance shall be considered an excessively strong sensitizer for the purposes of section 11 and paragraph 14(c) of the Regulations if it causes an allergenic sensitization in a substantial number of persons who come into contact with it.SCHEDULE III (s. 15)METHOD FOR TESTING THE SECURITY OF THE ATTACHMENT OF EYES TO DOLLS AND SOFT TOYS1. EquipmentThe following equipment is required:(1) A weight of 20 lbs. (9 kg).。
ccpsa 认证标准
CCPSA认证标准是指加拿大消费品安全法案（Canada Consumer Product Safety Act, CCPSA）中规定的安全标准。
CCPSA是一项加拿大的联邦法律，旨在保护消费者免受不安全消费品的风险。
该法案涵盖了各种消费品，包括玩具、电子产品、家具、化学品等，并规定了这些产品必须符合的安全要求。
CCPSA认证标准的主要内容包括：
1. 机械和物理性能：玩具的结构和组件在正常使用和可预见的滥用情况下应保持完好无损，不会对儿童造成伤害。
例如，玩具的边缘和突出部分不能过于锋利或尖锐。
2. 化学成分：玩具中使用的材料和涂料不应含有对人体有害的化学物质，且在正常使用和可预见的滥用情况下都不会释放出有害物质。
例如，玩具的涂层不能含有重金属。
3. 电气性能：涉及电气玩具的安全性能，包括电压、电流、绝缘等。
4. 标识要求：产品上应包含必要的安全信息、合规性标记、使用说明等。
5. 其他特定要求：例如，针对儿童用品的邻苯二甲酸盐（PHthalates）限制、含铅消费品限制、游戏围栏、表面涂层材料等。
要符合CCPSA认证标准，生产商和进口商需要确保他们的产品满足所有相关法规的要求。
玩具检测
玩具检测世通检测为众多玩具企业提供测试服务，并获得了各国政府或机构的广泛认可。
对于玩具的品质及安全管控，世界各国或地区作出了不同的标准与限值要求，世通检测可根据客户的市场需求，提供适应各种国际法规的测试服务。
欧盟1.EN71第1部分-物理和机械性测试2.EN71第2部分-易燃性测试(a) 成品(b) 绒毛织物或绒毛材料3.EN71第3部分-有毒金属含量测试4.EN71第6部分年龄警告标签图像5.EN50088/EN62115电动玩具安全测试6.电磁兼容测试 (EMC)7.邻苯二甲酸盐/酯含量 (Phthalates Content)8.镉含量 (Cadmium Content 91/338/EC)9.包装物料的有毒元素测试 (Toxic Elements Test on Packaging Materials 94/62/EC)10.镍含量和镍释出量 (Nickel Content & Nickel Release)(a) EN1811(b) EN1247211.耐汗渍及唾液色牢度 (DIN 53160)12.甲醛含量、木材中甲醛含量 (Formaldehyde Content)13.纺织品和皮革中的五氯苯酚含量 (PCP Content-Leather or Fabric)14.铅和镉含量 (Lead & Cadmium Content )15.多环芳烃含量（PAHs Content）16.电池及蓄电池指令2006/66/EC美国美国玩具标准 ASTM F 963-08美国消费者产品安全委员会(CPSC) (16CFR)美国消费品安全改进法案H.R.4040(CPSIA)包装中有毒元素测试CONEG电磁兼容性测试 FCC part 15 Class B and C加拿大加拿大危险产品(玩具)条例( Canada Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulation, C.R.C., c. 931)加拿大危险性产品法案( Canada Hazardous Products Act., R.S.c. H-3)日本日本玩具安全标准 ST2002澳洲/新西兰玩具安全标准:AS/NZS ISO 8124第一部分：力学测试该部分规定了从出生婴儿到14 岁儿童使用的玩具的安全要求。
C.R.C.,c931 加拿大玩具安全标准
Hazardous Products (Toys) RegulationsC.R.C., c. 931HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS ACTHazardous Products (Toys) RegulationsREGULATIONS RESPECTING THE ADVERTISING, SALE AND IMPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS (TOYS)SHORT TITLE1. These Regulations may be cited as the Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulations.INTERPRETATION2. In these Regulations,"Act" means the Hazardous Products Act; (Loi)"soft toy" includes a stuffed toy, a pliable rubber toy and a pliable plastic toy. (jouet mou)GENERAL3. (1) A person may advertise, sell or import into Canada a product included in any of items 13 to 20 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act only if that product meets the requirements of these Regulations.(2) Any written statement or warning or other written information required by these Regulations shall appear in both the English and French languages. SOR/91-267, s. 1.PACKAGING4. (1) A flexible film bag used to package any product described in paragraph 13(a) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the following requirements:(a) the opening of the bag shall be less than 14 inches in circumference; or(b) the bag shall(i) be made from film that is at least 0.75 ml thick, and(ii) have printed legibly on it the following warning:"PLASTIC BAGS CAN BE DANGEROUS. TO AVOID DANGER OF SUFFOCATION KEEP THIS BAG AWAY FROM BABIES AND CHILDREN."(2) The warning set out in paragraph (1)(b) may be expressed in different words if those words convey clearly the same warning. SOR/91-267, s. 2. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS5. Every product described in paragraph 13(b) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the requirements applicable to it that are set out in Canadian Standards Association Standard C22.2 No. 149-1972, entitled Electrically Operated Toys. SOR/78-393, s. 1; SOR/91-267, s. 3.6. Every wood-burning electric tool included in paragraph 13(b) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the requirements applicable to it that are set out in Canadian Standards Association Standard C22.2 No. 122-M1989, entitled Hand-Held Electrically Heated Tools. SOR/91-267, s.3.MECHANICAL HAZARDS7.No product included in paragraph 13(c) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall have a component or part, other than a component or part constructed entirely of soft textile fibre material, that(a) is separable;(b) may become detached with reasonably foreseeable use; and(c) can be totally enclosed in the volumetric container described in Schedule VIII. SOR/91-267, s. 4.8. Every product described in(a) paragraph 13(d) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall have all exposed metal edges folded back or sprayed with or dipped in paint or otherwise treated so that all sharpness and burrs are eliminated;(b) paragraph 13(e) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all ends of wire covered, turned in or turned back so that no sharp ends become exposed with reasonably foreseeable use;(c) paragraph 13(f) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all of its plastic parts that would, on breaking, expose sharp edges,(i) made sufficiently thick to resist breakage through reasonably foreseeable use, or(ii) where such parts are necessarily thin because of the function of the product, made of inherently tough materials;(d) paragraph 13(g) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all of its exposed wooden surfaces, edges and corners smoothly finished;(e) paragraph 13(h) of Part II of that Schedule shall have all edges and corners of the glass smoothly finished;(f) paragraph 13(i) of Part II of that Schedule shall have only such fasteners as, by reason of their type, size and manner of use, will not, with reasonably foreseeable use, cause personal injury and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, shall have(i) any nails and staples properly secured,(ii) any flat head or oval head wood screws of the countersunk head type properly countersunk,(iii) any wood screws free of all exposed burrs,(iv) any fasteners in upholstering or upholstering-like application properly secured and of a type that, if exposed would not be a hazard, and(v) any threaded bolts protected by acorn or similar nuts or protective caps, unless the bolts are so placed that they protrude into a protected area where contact with the threaded ends is not likely to occur;(g) paragraph 13(j) of Part II of that Schedule shall have a safety stop or a locking device to prevent the unintentional collapse of the product;(h) paragraph 13(k) of Part II of that Schedule shall have(i) its spring-wound driving mechanism enclosed so that the moving parts thereof cannot be touched under reasonably foreseeable use,(ii) an outer case that will withstand reasonable abuse if the product is so constructed that damage to the outer case would cause the mechanism to be exposed,(iii) where a non-detachable winding key has been installed, such winding key of a shape and size that a child's finger cannot become ensnared in it, and(iv) where a detachable key or starting handle is to be used, a clearance space between the key or handle, when in place, and the body of the product, that is less than 1/16 inch (2 mm) or greater than 3/8 inch (10 mm);(i) paragraph 13(l) of Part II of that Schedule shall have a rubber tip or other durable fitting placed on the leading end of the projectile component with sufficient security to withstand a pulling force of ten pounds (44.5 N);(j) paragraph 13(m) of Part II of that Schedule shall have holes of sufficient size and number in each of two or more adjacent sides to prevent the suffocation of a child enclosed therein; and(k) paragraph 13(n) of Part II of that Schedule shall stand level and firm when used. SOR/78-393, s. 2; SOR/91-267, s. 5.THERMAL HAZARDS9. Every product described in paragraph 13(o) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet the thermal and labelling requirements applicable to it that are set out in Canadian Standards Association Standard C22.2 No. 149-1972, entitled Electrically Operated Toys. SOR/78-393, s. 3; SOR/91-267, s. 6.TOXICOLOGICAL HAZARDS10. Every product described in paragraph 13(p) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet at least one of the following requirements: (a) the product, by reason of its nature, physical form, size or any othercharacteristic, shall be such that the toxic substance or the substance or part containing the toxic substance cannot be ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin;(b) the total quantity of the available toxic substance shall not exceed one-hundredth of the acute oral or dermal median lethal dose, whichever is the lesser, calculated for a child having a body weight of 10 kg; or(c) the toxicity of the toxic substance does not exceed the limits prescribed by Schedule I. SOR/78-393, s. 4(E); SOR/91-267, s. 7.11. Every product described in paragraph 13(q) of Part II of Schedule Ito the Act shall meet at least one of the following requirements: (a) the product, by reason of its nature or any characteristic, shall besuch that the corrosive substance, irritant or sensitizer cannot come in contact with the skin; or(b) the corrosive substance, irritant or sensitizer shall not be excessively corrosive or irritant or an excessively strong sensitizer as determined in accordance with the tests prescribed by Schedule II. SOR/91-267, s. 8.12. (1) Subject to subsection (2), resins, plasticizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments and other substances and the grade, quality, quantity and proportions thereof used in manufacturing any plastic material used in any product included in paragraph 13(r) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be those considered acceptable for use in the manufacture of food packaging materials and food containers.(2) A substance, other than a heavy metal, a compound of a heavy metal or a substance set out in item 8 or 9 of Part I of Schedule I to the Act, may, subject to sections 10 and 11, be present in a plastic material referred to in subsection (1) in the amount of one per cent or less. SOR/91-267, s. 9.SPECIFIC PRODUCTSDolls and Soft Toys13.All parts, clothing or ornamentation attached to any product described in paragraph 14(a) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be attached to the product in such a manner that no sharp edge or point will become exposed as a result of reasonably foreseeable use of the product.SOR/91-267, s. 10.14.All material used for stuffing any product described in paragraph 14(b) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall(a) be clean and free from vermin;(b) be free from hard and sharp foreign matter; and(c) be non-toxic and non-irritant as required by Schedules I and II. SOR/91-267, s. 11.15.Every eye or nose referred to in paragraph 14(c) of Part II of ScheduleI to the Act, except a part that is made entirely of felt or other soft textile material, shall be attached to the product in such a manner that(a) the eye or nose cannot be gripped by a three-pronged claw hook referred to in Schedule III; or(b) when tested in accordance with the method described in Schedule III, the eye or nose does not become detached. SOR/91-267, s. 12.16. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), every product described in paragraph 14(d) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall, when tested in accordance with the test procedures set out in Schedule V, have a time of flame spread in excess of 7 seconds.(2) Where, due to the small size of a product referred to in subsection (1), sufficient material, including any seam, cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test referred to in Schedule V and the exposed pile length is two inches or more, the product, after being(a) subjected to the laundering procedure prescribed in item 5 of Schedule VII, if the textile material or natural fur is known to have aflame-retarding finish, or if preliminary testing indicates that such a finish may be present,(b) dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 221°F (105°C) or for 120 minutes at 167°F (75°C),(c) removed from the oven, and(d) placed over a desiccant such as anhydrous calcium chloride in a desiccator until cool, but for not less than 15 minutes or more than two hours,shall(e) not flame upon a one-second impingement of the calibrated flame applied by the flammability tester specified in item 1 of Schedule VI; or(f) self-extinguish within two seconds of the removal of the flame referred to in paragraph (d).(3) Where, due to the small size of a product referred to in subsection (1), sufficient material, including any seam, cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test referred to in Schedule V and the exposed pile length is less than two inches, subsection (1) is not applicable to the product. SOR/80-312, s. 1; SOR/91-267, s. 13.(4) [Revoked, SOR/80-312, s. 1]17. (1) Subject to subsection (2), every product described in paragraph 14(e) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall have a time of flame spread in excess of 7 seconds,(a) when tested in accordance with the test procedures set out in Schedule VII; or(b) where, due to the short length of the yarn, sufficient material cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test procedures set out in Schedule VII, when tested in accordance with the test procedures set out in Schedule V.(2) Where, due to the short length of the yarn and the small size of a product referred to in subsection (1), sufficient material, including any seam, cannot be removed from the product to provide at least one of the test specimens required in the test procedures set out in Schedule V, subsection (1) is not applicable to the product. SOR/91-267, s. 14.18.The hair or mane, or simulated hair or simulated mane, of every product described in paragraph 14(f) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act, after being(a) subjected to the laundering procedure prescribed in item 5 of Schedule VII if the hair or mane, or simulated hair or simulated mane is known to have a flame-retarding finish, or if preliminary testing indicates that such a finish may be present,(b) dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 221°F (105°C) or for 120 minutes at 167°F (75°C),(c) removed from the oven, and(d) placed over a desiccant such as anhydrous calcium chloride in a desiccator until cool, but for not less than 15 minutes or more than two hours,shall(e) not flame upon a one-second impingement of the calibrated flame applied by the flammability tester specified in item 1 of Schedule VI, or(f) self-extinguish within two seconds of the removal of the flame referred to in paragraph (d). SOR/91-267, s. 15.19. Every squeaker, reed, valve or other similar device referred to in paragraph 14(g) of Part II of Schedule I to the Act that can be totally enclosed in the volumetric container shown in Schedule VIII shall be secured to the product in such manner that it cannot come loose as a result of reasonably foreseeable use. SOR/91-267, s. 16.20. Every product described in item 14 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet all such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products included in item 13 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it. SOR/91-267, s. 16.Pull and Push Toys21. Every product described in item 15 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall(a) meet all such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products described in items 13 and 14 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it; and(b) have a protective tip placed on the end of the shaft-like handle thereof(i) for the purpose of preventing puncture wounds, and(ii) with sufficient security to withstand a pulling force of 10 pounds (44.5 N). SOR/78-393, s. 5; SOR/91-267, s. 17.Toy Steam Engines22.Every product included in item 16 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products described in item 13 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it. SOR/91-267, s. 18.23. (1) Toy steam engine boilers shall meet the following requirements:(a) each boiler shall be fitted with a firmly installed spring valve or any other safety valve except a weight valve;(b) the operating pressure of a safety valve shall not be more than one and one-half times the operating pressure of the steam boiler to which it is fitted; and(c) each boiler shall be constructed to withstand, without rupture, a pressure that is at least three times the operating pressure of the boiler.(2) For the purpose of subsection (1), the operating pressure of a boiler is the steam pressure in the boiler that adjusts itself after the steam engine has been running without a load.Finger Paints24.Every product included in item 17 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall(a) be water-based; and(b) meet such requirements prescribed by these Regulations in respect of products included in item 13 of Part II of that Schedule as are applicable to it. SOR/91-267, s. 19.Rattles25.Every product included in item 18 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be so constructed(a) that no sharp wire will, with reasonably foreseeable use, become exposed; and(b) that no part of the product and none of its components that can be removed by the application of a force of 50 Newtons (11.23 lbs.) or less or a torque of less than one Newton metre (8.85 in. lbs.) will impinge on the base of the template depicted in Schedule IX, when tested in accordance with the instructions set out in that Schedule. SOR/91-267, s. 20.Elastic26. Every product described in item 19 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall meet at least one of the following requirements:(a) its extensibility shall not be more than 75 per cent of its unstretched length; or(b) its fully-stretched length shall not be more than 30 inches (0.75 m). SOR/91-267, s. 21.Batteries27.Every product included in item 20 of Part II of Schedule I to the Act shall be constructed to withstand the test prescribed in Schedule IV without leakage. SOR/91-267, s. 22.SCHEDULE I(ss. 10 and 14)PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF TOXICITY1. (1) For the purposes of paragraphs 10(c) and 14(c) of the Regulations,a substance shall be considered excessively toxic for humans if(a) the acute oral LD50value thereof for rat is 5 grams or less per kilogram body weight;(b) the acute dermal LD50value for rabbit is 2 grams or less per kilogram body weight; and(c) where gas, vapour, mist or dust is likely to be encountered when thevalue substance is used in any reasonably foreseeable manner, the LC50thereof for a one-hour exposure determined using rats, is 20,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor or less, or 200 milligrams per litre by volume of mist or dust or less.values are to be determined in conformity with good toxicological (2) LD50practice.(3) The number of deaths during a 14-day period following dosage shallvalue.be used as the basis for calculation of the LD50(4) Sufficient animals shall be used to give a statistically significant result, which result shall be calculated using methods based upon good statistical practice.(5) The methods used by C. I. Bliss (1938) and J. T. Litchfield and W.F. Wilcoxon (1949) are acceptable but other methods giving similar results may also be accepted.value shall be determined in the following manner: 2. The dermal LD50In the acute exposures the agent is held in contact with the skin by means of a sleeve for periods varying up to 24 hours. The sleeve, made of rubber dam or other impervious material, is so constructed that the ends are reinforced with additional strips and should fit snugly around the trunk of the animal. The ends of the sleeve are tucked, permitting the central portion to "balloon" and furnish a reservoir for the dose. The reservoir must have sufficient capacity to contain the dose without pressure. The dimensions of sleeves and the approximate body surface exposed to the test substance are given in the following table:DIMENSIONS OF SLEEVES FOR ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY TEST(Test Animal Rabbits)Measurements in AverageAverage percentage centimetres Rangeof---------------------------------------------- weightarea of of totalofDiameter Overall animals exposure bodyat ends length (grams) (cm.2) surface----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.0 12.5 2,500--3,500 240 10.7----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The sleeves may vary in size to accommodate smaller or larger subjects. In the testing of unctuous materials that adhere readily to the skin, mesh wire screen may be employed instead of the sleeve. The screen is padded and raised approximately 2 centimetres from the exposed skin. In the case of dry powder preparations, the skin and substance are moistened with physiological saline prior to exposure. The sleeve or screen is then slipped over the gauze which holds the dose applied to the skin. In the case of finely divided powders the measured dose is evenly distributed on cotton gauze, which is then secured to the area of exposure.The animals are prepared by clipping the skin of the trunk free of hair. Approximately one half of the animals are further prepared by making epidermal abrasions every 2 centimetres or 3 centimetres longitudinallyover the area of exposure. The abrasions are sufficiently deep to penetrate the stratum corneum(horny layer of the epidermis), but not to disturb the derma--that is, not to obtain bleeding.The sleeve is slipped onto the animal, that is then placed in a comfortable but immobilized position in a multiple animal holder. Selected doses of liquids and solutions are introduced under the sleeve. If there is slight leakage from the sleeve, which may occur during the first few hours of exposure, it is collected and reapplied. Dosage levels are adjusted in subsequent exposures (if necessary) to enable a calculation of a dose that would be fatal to 50 per cent of the animals. This can be determined from mortality ratios obtained at various doses employed. At the end of 24 hours the sleeves or screens are removed, the volume of unabsorbed material, if any, is measured, and the skin reactions are noted. The subjects are cleaned by thorough wiping, observed for gross symptoms of poisoning, and then observed for two weeks.3. For the purposes of this schedule, "LD" means the dose that will kill5050 per cent of test animals under the specified conditions of test; and" means the concentration of gas and vapour that will kill 50 per cent "LC50of test animals under the specified conditions of test.4. The methods referred to in subsection 1(5) are described in publications as follows:(a) C.I. Bliss, The determination of the dosage-mortality curve from small numbers, Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1939, Volume 11, page 192; and(b) J.T. Litchfield and W.F. Wilcoxon, A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1949, Volume 96, page 99.SCHEDULE II(ss. 11 and 14)CRITERIA FOR DECIDING IF A SUBSTANCE IS EXCESSIVELY CORROSIVE OR IRRITANT OR AN EXCESSIVELY STRONG SENSITIZER1. A substance or mixture of substances shall be considered not excessively irritant for the purposes of section 11 and paragraph 14(c) of the Regulations if it is not excessively irritant to(a) the eye judged on human experience or based upon the test method described hereunder; and(b) the skin judged on human experience or based upon the test method described hereunder.Method for Testing Eye Irritant Properties2. (1) Six albino rabbits are used for each test substance. Animal facilities for such procedures shall be so designed and maintained as to exclude sawdust, wood ships, or other extraneous materials that might produce eye irritation. Both eyes of each animal in the test group shall be examined before testing, and only those animals without eye defects or irritation shall be used. The animal is held firmly but gently until quiet. The test material is placed in one eye of each animal by gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball to form a cup into which the test substance is dropped. The lids are then gently held together for one second and the animal is released. The other eye, remaining untreated, serves as a control. For testing liquids, 0.1 millilitre is used. For solids or pastes, 100 milligrams of the test substance is used, except that for substances in flake, granule, powder or other particulate form the amount that has a volume of 0.1 millilitre (after compacting as much as possible without crushing or altering the individual particles, such as by tapping the measuring container) shall be used whenever this volume weighs less than 100 milligrams. In such a case, the weight of the 0.1 millilitre test dose should be recorded. The eyes are not washed following instillation of test material except as noted below.(2) The eyes are examined and the grade of ocular reaction is recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Reading of reactions is facilitated by use of a binocular loupe, hand slit-lamp, or other expert means. After the recording of observations at 24 hours, any or all eyes may be further examined after applying fluorescein. For this optional test, one drop of fluorescein sodium ophthalmic solution U.S.P. or equivalent is dropped directly on the cornea. After flushing out the excess fluorescein with sodium chloride solution U.S.P. or equivalent, injured areas of the cornea appear yellow; this is best visualized in a darkened room under ultraviolet illumination. Any or all eyes may be washed with sodium chloride solution U.S.P. or equivalent after the 24-hour reading.(3) An animal shall be considered as exhibiting an excessive reaction if the test substance produces at any of the readings ulceration of the cornea (other than a fine stippling), or opacity of the cornea (other than a slight dulling of the normal luster), or inflammation of the iris (other than a slight deepening of the folds (or rugae) or a slight circumcorneal injection of the blood vessels), or if such substance produces in the conjunctivae (excluding the cornea and iris) an obvious swelling withpartial eversion of the lids or a diffuse crimson-red with individual vessels not easily discernible.(4) The test shall be considered positive if four or more of the animals in the test group exhibit a positive reaction. If only one animal exhibits a positive reaction, the test shall be regarded as negative. If two or three animals exhibit a positive reaction, the test is repeated using a different group of six animals. The second test shall be considered positive if three or more of the animals exhibit a positive reaction. If only one or two animals in the second test exhibit a positive reaction, the test shall be repeated with a different group of six animals. Should a third test be needed, the substance will be regarded as excessively irritant if any animal exhibits a positive response.(5) To assist testing laboratories and other interested persons in interpreting the results obtained when a substance is tested in accordance with the method described in subsection (1) of this section, an "Illustrated Guide for Grading Eye Irritation by Hazardous Substances" is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. The guide contains colour plates depicting responses of varying intensity to specific test solutions. The grade of response and the substance used to produce the response will be indicated.Method for Testing Skin Irritant Properties3. (1) Primary irritation to the skin is measured by a patch-test technique on the abraded and intact skin of an albino rabbit, clipped free of hair.A minimum of six subjects are used in abraded and intact skin tests. Introduce under a square patch such as two single layers of surgical gauze, measuring 1 inch by 1 inch, 0.5 millilitre (in the case of liquids) or 0.5 gram (in the case of solids and semisolids) of the test substance. Dissolve solids in an appropriate solvent and apply the solution as for liquids. The animals are immobilized with patches secured in place by adhesive tape. The entire trunk of the animal is then wrapped with an impervious material such as rubberized cloth for the 24-hour period of exposure. This material aids in maintaining the test patches in position and retards the evaporation of volatile substances. After 24 hours of exposure, the patches are removed and the resulting reactions are evaluated on the basis of the designated values in the following table:Evaluation of skin reactions Value1Erythema and eschar formation:No erythema 0Very slight erythema (barely perceptible) 1 Well-defined erythema 2 Moderate to severe erythema 3 Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar formation (injuriesin depth) 4 Edema formation:No edema 0 Very slight edema (barely perceptible) 1 Slight edema (edges of area well defined by definite raising)2 Moderate edema (raised approximately one millimetre)3 Severe edema (raised more than one millimetre and extending beyondthe area of exposure) 4----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1The "value" recorded for each reading is the average value of the six or more animals subject to the test.Readings are again made at the end of a total of 72 hours (48 hours after the first reading). An equal number of exposures are made on areas of skin that have been previously abraded. The abrasions are minor incisions through the stratum corneum, but not sufficiently deep to disturb the derma or to produce bleeding. Evaluate the reactions of the abraded skin at 24 hours and 72 hours, as described in this paragraph. Add the values for erythema and eschar formation at 24 hours and at 72 hours for intact skin to the values on abraded skin at 24 hours and at 72 hours (four values). Similarly, add the values for edema formation at 24 hours and at 72 hours for intact and abraded skin (four values). The total of the eight values is divided by four to give the primary irritation score. A score of 5 or more is indicative that the substance is excessively irritant.(2) A substance shall not be considered to be excessively corrosive for the purposes of section 11 and paragraph 14(c) of the Regulations unless it causes visible destruction or irreversible changes in tissue at the site of the application.(3) A substance shall be considered an excessively strong sensitizer for the purposes of section 11 and paragraph 14(c) of the Regulations if it causes an allergenic sensitization in a substantial number of persons who come into contact with it.。
加拿大危险产品(玩具)条例》
危险产品（玩具）条例》是加拿大有关玩具产品市场准入的主要法规，该法规的主要内容包括如下：（一）标签要求任何《玩具规定》要求的文字、警告或其它信息均需要同时使用英语和法语标示。
（二）电危害用不超过220V的电压工作的玩具和儿童产品，都必须符合加拿大标准协会C22.2第14 9-1972号标准的要求。
（三）窒息危害1、任何开口周长不小于14英寸的、用来包装玩具和儿童产品的软薄膜胶袋，厚度应大于0. 019mm，并且应用以下警告或其它有相同含义的文字清楚地标示出来：“塑胶袋可能造成危害。
为了避免由此引起的窒息危害，应让婴儿和小孩远离塑胶袋。
”2、任何大小足以让小孩进入，并且能用盖子或门关上的玩具，比如玩具箱，必须在各相邻面有足够大小和数量的通气孔以避免窒息引起的危害。
（四）毒性危害除了附录4中列举的毒性元素要求以外，玩具和儿童产品不能含有过量的毒性、腐蚀性或刺激性的物质和感光剂。
（五）发热危害玩具和儿童产品，若有表面、一部分或物质在合理的、可预见的情况下，由于交流电或电池的工作，可能被加热，那么这类产品则需符合加拿大标准协会C22.2第149-1972号标准的要求。
主要要求如下：1、发热要求1) 对玩具的操作不能引起温度高于标准的限制。
2) 在非正常情况下，产品不能引起火灾、电击或烫伤危险。
2、标签要求1) 由于意外接触，导致有表面或部分温度超过50℃且低于90℃，这类产品应用高度不小于7 /64英寸的英文和法文同时清晰明白的标示出来，并且标识文字要不易损坏，具有持久性。
标示如下：“注意：温度较高（表面、一部分、覆盖物、周围等）。
”2) 由于意外接触，导致有表面或部分温度超过90℃，并且玩具有发热元素在高温下工作，应用高度不小于7/64英寸的英文和法文同时清晰明白的标示出来，并且标识文字要不易损坏，具有持久性。
标示如下：“注意：接触可能引起灼伤（熔铸材料，底板发热元素）。
”（六）机械危害玩具和儿童产品：1) 供3岁以下儿童使用者，在合理的、可预见的情况下，不能有小部件，即施加不超过1磅的力能使其完全进入“小部件圆柱体”的部分（柔软的纺织纤维材料除外）。
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Canada Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulations加拿大危险产品(玩具)测试条例(I) FIELD OF APPLICATION 应用范围The procedure applies to the physical and mechanical tests of the following items: 此条例适用于下列物体的物理和机械测试131Toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play that 玩具,设备和玩具学习或玩耍中使用的其他物体(a) are packaged in flexible film bags;用易变形的薄膜袋包装(c) are or are likely to be used by a child of less than three years of age and haveacomponent that is separable;用于或可能被三岁以下儿童使用并含有可分离的部件(d) have exposed metal edges;有金属利边(e) have embedded in them a wire frame or structure;嵌入在金属线框或结构中(f) are made, in whole or in part, of plastic that would, upon breaking, exposesharp edges;整体或部分由塑料制成, 一旦断裂, 有锋利的利边(g) have exposed wooden surfaces, edges or corners;有木质表面, 利边或角(h) are made, in whole or in part, of glass;整体或部分由玻璃制成(i) have fasteners used in their construction;在构造中使用紧固件(j) have a folding mechanism, bracket or bracing;有折叠装置, 支架或支撑物(k) contain, as an integral part, a spring-wound driving mechanism capable of injuring a child's finger, other than construction toys;作为一个整体的部分,含能使儿童手指受伤的弹簧驱动装置(I) contain a projectile component, other than a rocketry component, capable ofcausing a puncture wound;含弹射部件, 除火箭部件外, 能引起穿刺的危害(m) are so designed and constructed that they以下设计和构造(i) are large enough for a child to enter or be placed therein; and足够小孩进入, 或置于其中,并且(ii) can be closed by a lid or door;靠盖子或门来关闭(n) are stationary and intended to bear the weight of the child静止的且能承托儿童的重量141Dolls, plush,(raised fibre) toys and soft toys that have玩偶，长毛绒（提取纤维）玩具及柔软玩具有(a) a fastening in them to attach parts, clothing or ornamentation使它们连接到部分, 衣物或装饰物的紧固部分(b) any stuffing in them; 任何填充物(c) eyes or a nose the greatest dimension of which is 11/4 inches or less;眼睛或鼻子的最大的尺寸小于等于整体的11/4(g) a squeaker, reed, valve or similar device.151 Pull and push toys that have shaft-like handles three-eighths of an inch (10 mm) in diameter or less.有轴类把手的推拉玩具直径小于等于一英寸的3/8(即10mm)181Rattles 摇铃191Elastics intended for attaching toys, equipment or other products for use by a child in learning or play across a baby carriage, crib or playpen.连接玩具,设备或儿童学习或玩耍的其它产品到婴儿车,婴儿床或婴儿围栏的橡皮筋201Batteries for use in or with any toy, equipment or other product for use by a child in learning or play.使用于任何玩具,设备或儿童在学习或玩耍中使用的其它产品中的电池1 Heading are numbered in harmony with Canada Hazardous Products Act schedule 1 part II标题的编号与加拿大危险产品法令第二部分附表1一致(II) REQUIREMENTS要求General一般Section 3(2) 3Any written statement or warning or other written information required bythe Regulations shall appear in both the English and French languages.第3(2) 3部分任何书面申明或警告语或其它条例要求的书面信息都应同时出现英语和法语Packaging 包装Section 4(1)3 A flexible film bag used to package any product described in 13(a) of(I) shall meet the following requirements:第4(1)3部分用来包装13(a) of (I)中的产品的易变形的塑料袋应满足下列要求(a) the opening of the bag shall be less than 14 inches in circumference; or袋子开口周长应小于14in. 或(b) the bag shall 此袋子应(i) be made from film that is at least 0.75 mil (0.019 mm) thick,and 由厚度小于0.75mil(即0.019mm)薄膜制成(ii) have printed legibly on it the following warning:清晰地印上下面的警告语"PLASTIC BAGS CAN BE DANGEROUS TO AVOIDDANGER OF SUFFOCATION KEEP THE BAG AWAY FROMBABIES AND CHILDREN."塑料袋可能是危险的,为了避免危险或窒息, 使袋子远离婴儿和儿童(2) The warning set out in paragraph (1)(b)(ii) may be expressed indifferent words if those words convey clearly the same warning.段落(1)(b)(ii)中的警告语可以用能表达清楚表达同样警告的其它的词来表示Test method 测试方法Apparatus 仪器1.ruler with precision of 1 mm 精度为1mm的尺子2. Calliper 卡尺3.thickness gauge with precision of 0.001 mm 精度为0.001mm的厚度矩4. scissors 剪刀Testing procedures 测试步骤1 .Circumference of the bag opening 袋子开口的周长a. using the ruler or caliper, determine the width of the bag at its opening. For aheat sealed flexible bag, the width of the sealed edge is measured使用尺子或卡尺, 测量袋子开口的宽度. 对于易变形的热密封袋, 测量密封袋的边缘b. double the value in a to calculate the circumference.取计算周长的双倍值c. if the circumference is 355.6 mm or more, determine the film thickness ofpolybag by following procedures.如果周长大于等于355.6 mm, 按下列步骤测量塑料袋薄膜的厚度i. Cut one edge and bottom of the bag and open to form a big piece. Cut5 specimens from evenly distributed location on the bag. At 4 quadrantand centre. Each dimension 25mm×35 mm.剪开一个边缘和袋子的底部,展开成一个大片. 剪取袋子上在第四象限和中心均匀分布的5个样品. 每个面积为25mm×35 mm.ii. using the thickness measuring device to determine the film thickness ofeach specimen Measure the thickness at the centre part of the specimen.使用厚度测量工具测量每个样品的厚度. 在样品中心测量其厚度值iii. the average thickness of the 5 specimen is the result5个样品厚度的平均值为结果d. check whether or not the bag has printed legibly on it the polybag warning. Thewarning can be printed or with a printed sticker provided that it is firmly attached检查袋子是否清晰印有塑料袋警告语. 警告语能被印刷或者附有印刷的粘贴物应牢固地附着Mechanical Hazards 机械危害Section 73No product included in 13(c) to (I) shall have a component or part, other thanacomponent or part constructed entirely of soft textile fibre material, that第73部分除了完全由柔软的纺织纤维材料构成的部件或部分, 包含在13(c) to (I) 中应含有部件或部分的任何产品(a) is separable; 分离(b) may become detached with reasonably foreseeable use; and可预见的合理使用下可能分离(c) can be totally enclosed in the volumetric container described in 5 of (III).能完全地密封在5 of (III)中描述地容器中Section 83Every product described in第83部分以下描述的产品(a) 13(d) of (I) shall have all exposed metal edges folded back or sprayedwith or dipped in paint or otherwise treated so that all sharpness and burrs areeliminated;13(d) of (I) 应使暴露的金属利边折叠或喷洒或浸没在油漆中,或者其他处理方式消除所有的锋利和毛刺(b) 13(e) of (I) shall have all ends of wire covered, turned in or turned backso that no sharp ends become exposed with reasonably foreseeable use;13(e) of (I) 应使所有的金属线末端包裹, 弯进或弯回为了在可预见的合理的使用喜爱不会出现锋利的末端(c) 13(f) of (I) shall have all of its plastic parts that would, on breakingexpose sharp edges.13(f) of (I) 应使所有的塑料部分, 一旦断裂出现锋利的利边(i) made sufficiently thick to resist breakage through reasonably foreseeableuse, or在可预见的合理的使用下, 有足够的厚度防止断裂(ii) where such parts are necessarily thin because of the function of theproduct, made of inherently tough materials;因为产品的功能的这些部分必须薄片, 应由属性坚硬的材料制成(d) 13(g) of (1) shall have all of its exposed wooden surfaces, edges and cornerssmoothly finished;13(g) of (1) 应使所有的暴露的木质表面, 利边和角光滑(e) 13(h) of (i) shall have all edges and corners of the glass smoothly finished;The presence of glass is done by visual checking. It can also be done bybreaking and burning of the material to identify it.13(h) of (i) 应使玻璃所有的边和角都光滑; 目测是否有玻璃的存在. 也可断裂和燃烧材料来鉴定是否有玻璃的存在(f) 13(i) of (I) shall have only such fasteners as, by reason of their type, size andmanner of use, will not, with reasonably foreseeable use, cause personal injuryand without limiting the generality of the foregoing, shall have13(i) of (I) 有紧固件, 由于类型, 尺寸和使用的方法, 在可预见的合理的使用内不会引起个人的受伤和无前端的受限, 应使(i) any nails and staples properly secured,任何的钉和环适当地保护(ii) any flat head or oval head wood screws of the countersunk head typeproperly countersunk,任何具有埋头孔类型的平头或椭圆头木螺钉应适当地内沉(iii) any wood screws free of all exposed burrs,任何木螺钉无毛刺(iv) any fasteners in upholstering or upholstering-like application properly secured and of a type that, if exposed would not be a hazard, and任何装饰或类似装饰的紧固件应适当地保护且当暴露时不会产生危害, 且(v) any threaded bolts protected by acorn or similar nuts or protective caps, unless the bolts are so placed that they protrude into aprotected area where contact with the threaded ends is not likely tooccur;受橡子或类似的坚果或防护帽保护的任何线性螺栓，除非螺栓放置使得它们穿过连接着线性末端的保护区域,否则不太可能发生(g) 13(j) of (I) shall have a safety stop or a locking device to prevent theunintentional collapse of the product;13(j) of (I) 应有安全刹车或锁装置, 防止物体无意的倒塌If the toy consist of a folding mechanism, bracket or bracing that intendto support weight and if that folding part collapse may cause crushing offinger or parts of the body, there shall be a locking device or safety stopto prevent unintentional collapse. The locking device shall be effectivelylock the folding part to prevent its movement during normal use. Safetystop is to limit the movement of folding part so that it may not causecrushing hazard to user.如果玩具含有能支撑重量的折叠的装置, 支架或支撑物且折叠部分的倒塌可能导致手指或身体部分的压伤, 应有锁装置或安全刹防止无意的倒塌. 锁装置应有效地锁住折叠部分防止常规使用时它的移动. 安全刹是来限制折叠部分的移动, 为了不会对使用者造成压伤的危害1Heading are numbered in harmony with Canada Hazardous Products (T oys)Regulations.标题的编号与加拿大危险产品(玩具)条例一致(h) 13(k) of (I), toys, as an integral part, a spring-wound driving mechanismcapable of injuring a child's finger, other than construction toy shall have13(k) of (I), 作为玩具整体的弹簧驱动装置具有伤害儿童手指的危险, 除了结构, 玩具应使(i) its spring-wound driving mechanism enclosed so that the moving partsthereof cannot be touched under reasonably foreseeable use. Theaccessibility of the moving part before and after reasonableforeseeable use is done using test method in 6其弹簧驱动装置密封为了使移动部分在可预见的合理使用下不能触碰到. 可预见的合理的使用前后可移动部分的可触及性使用测试方法6判定(ii) an outer case that will withstand reasonable abuse if the product is soconstructed that damage to the outer case would cause the mechanism tobe exposed,如果产品有一个外层物体, 其应能承受可预见的滥用, 因为对外层物体的破坏就会导致装置的暴露(iii) where a non-detachable winding key has been installed, such windingkey of a shape and size that a child's finger cannot becomeensnared in it. If the clearance between the flukes of the key andthe body of the toy will admit a 0.25 in. (6 mm) diameter rod, it shallalso admit a 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter road at all position of the key.There shall be no opening in the flukes of the key which can admita 0.19 in. (5 mm) diameter rod,安装了不能分离的发条钥匙, 此发条钥匙的形状和尺寸不会使儿童的手指陷入其中. 如果钥匙的锚爪和玩具的身体部分的间隙能通过0.25in.(6mm)的直径棒, 那么钥匙的任何位置也能通过0.5in.(13mm)的直径棒. 如果钥匙锚爪没有开口,允许0.19in.(5mm)的直径棒通过(iv) where a detachable key or starting handle is to be used, aclearance space between the key or handle, when in place, andthe body of the product, that is less than 1/16 inch (2 mm) orgreater than 3/8 inch (10 mm);使用分离的钥匙或发动手把, 适当地, 在钥匙或手把和产品身体之间的空隙应小于1/16in.(2mm)或者大于3/8in.(10mm)To check whether the mechanism may capable of injuring the fingercan be done by human finger or a pencil inserted into the mechanism.为了检查装置是否会伤害手指, 可以用人手或铅笔插入装置中(i) 13(I) of (I) shall have a rubber tip or other durable fitting placed on theleading end of the projectile component with sufficient security towithstand a pulling force of 10 pounds(44.5N)13(I) of (I) 应有橡胶顶端或其他耐久无置于弹射物的尖端, 并且能承受10磅(44.5N)的拉力(j) 13(m) of (I) shall have holes of sufficient size and number in each of two or more adjacent sides to prevent the suffocation of a childenclosed therein.Toys which a child can enter shall conform to the followingrequirements: Any toy having a door, lid or similar device, whichencloses a continuous volume greater than 0.03 m3 and in which allinternal dimensions are 150mm or more, shall provide at least twounobstructed ventilation holes, each 650 mm2 or more, situated atleast 150 mm apart. The total ventilation shall be provided when thetoy is placed on the floor in any position and adjacent to two verticalplane surfaces meeting at a 90°angle, so as to simulate the corner of aroom13(m) of (I) 的孔应每两个中的一个或更多相邻边的具有足够的尺寸和数量, 为了防止密封在内部的儿童窒息的危险. 儿童能进入的玩具应符合下列要求: 有门,盖或类似装置的任何玩具, 密封的持续空间大小大于0.03 m3且内部尺寸大于等于150mm, 应至少有两个无阻碍的通风孔,且每个面积大于等于650 mm2, 之间至少距离150mm. 当玩具以任何位置置于地面时,整个通风应提供并且两个垂直的平面交汇成90°,模仿室内的墙角If a permanent partition or bars (two or more) which effectively limit thecontinuous space by making the largest internal dimension less than150mm are used to subdivide a continuous space, the ventilation areais not required.如果永久的分区或用来细分连续空间的木条(大于等于2根)能有效地限制持续的空间, 使得最大的内部尺寸小于150mm, 那么通风面积不要求Test method 测试方法Apparatus 仪器Calibrated Ruler 校准的尺子Caliper 卡尺Graph paper of 1 mm grid 1mm网格的图纸Test procedures 测试步骤Measure the internal dimensions by ruler. If continuous volume is greater than 0.03M3 and all internal dimensions are 150mm or more, measure the area of ventilation holes (for irregular holes, use a graph paper to copy the hole boundary and measure the area by counting the number of grids) and the distance between them. This should be done with the toy placed on the floor in any position and adjacent to two vertical plane surfaces meeting at 90°.Record all measurements and calculations.用尺子测试内部的尺寸. 如果持续的体积大于0.03M3或者内部的尺寸大于等于150mm, 测量通风孔的面积(对于不规则的孔,使用图纸来复制孔的范围并用数格子的方法来测量计算面积的大小) 和它们之间的距离大小. 这个是应把玩具以任何位置置于地面上, 且使两个相邻的垂直面交汇成90°. 记录所有的测量值, 并计算.●If a permanent position or bars make the largest internal dimension less than 150mm,the ventilation area shall not be required.如果永久的分区或木条使得最大的内部空间小于150mm, 通风面积不应要求(k) 13 (n) of I stationary toys that intend to bear the weight of a child shall stand level and firm when used.13 (n) of I中能承托儿童重量的静止的玩具在使用时应能站立平稳坚定Test method 测试方法Apparatus 仪器ASTM F963 dead weights ASTM F963的静重Incline platform 倾斜的平台Sideways Stability Requirement-These requirements recognize two types of possible stability hazards: those associated with ride-on toys or seats where the feet can provide stabilization, and those situations where the feet are restricted by an enclosing structure.侧向稳定性要求-此要求存在两种可能的稳定性危险: 那些与乘坐玩具或座位连接的, 脚可以提供稳定性的, 和脚是被限制在密封的结构中的情况1. Sideways Stability, Feet Available for Stabilization侧向稳定性, 脚可以用来稳定●There shall be no sideways stability test for those ride-on toys or seats inwhich the height of the seat from the ground is. one third or less than onethird of the height indicated in Table belowed at the lowest age of the agerange for which the ride-on toy or seat is intended, and in which the legs ofthe child are unrestricted in their sideways motion and thus are available forstabilization.对于这些乘坐玩具或座位, 座位离地面的高度等于1/3或小于下列表格标明的年龄组中最小的年龄高度的1/3, 没有侧向稳定性测试. 儿童的脚在侧向运动不受限制, 因此可以有助于稳定.●For those ride-on toys, or seats in which the height of the seat from theground is greater than one third of the height shown in below table at thelowest age of the age range for which the ride-on toy or seat is intended, andin which the legs of the child are unrestricted and thus are available forstabilization, the toy shall not tip when tested in accordance with the steps ina to g.对于那些乘坐玩具, 或座位, 离地面的高度大于下表标明的年龄组中最小的年龄高度1/3, 儿童的脚是受限制的, 因此不助于稳定, 玩具依据步骤a到g的测试不应翻倒.Criteria for Stability Test of Ride-On Toys乘坐玩具稳定测试的标准Age (years) 年龄(年) Height高度1 27 inches (69.8 mm)2 29 inches (74.4 mm)3 33 inches (85.1 mm)4 37 inches (93.8 mm)5 40 inches (100.5 mm)a. Place the toy across the slope of a smooth surface inclined 10°to the horizontal plane.把玩具置于水平夹角10°的光滑斜面上b. Turn the steering mechanism, if any, to a position where the toy is most likely to tip.转动掌舵装置, 如果可能, 使其达到玩具最可能翻倒的位置c. Allow casters to assume their natural position and check the wheels to restrict rollingbut should not affect the position of the position of the pivot points for sample overturns允许脚轮在其自然的位置，并检查车轮滚动限制，但不应该影响样品翻倒枢纽点的位置d. Apply to the seat a static load equal to the weight shown in T able below at thehighest age of the age range for which the toy is intended, but not exceeding 60 months施加静重等于下表所示的年龄分组中的最大的年龄(不超过60个月)的重量e. The load shall be applied so that the major axis is perpendicular to the true horizontalwhile the toy is on the incline specified.当玩具置于指定的斜面上, 负重应被施加为了主轴垂直于真正的水平轴f. The load shall be designed so that the height of its center of gravity is 8.8in.(220mm).The center of gravity of the load for all ride-on shall be secured both 1.7in.(43mm) rearward of the front most portion of the designated seating area and 1.7in.(43mm) forward of the rear most portion of the designated seating area. For small seat surface, the loading shall be located on the central axis of the seat. For larger sitting area, the loading shall be move along the front most and rear most edge for the sitting area.负重应被指定为了重心的高度是8.8in. (220mm). 对于所有的乘坐物的负重的重心应保证在座位区域前端的最后面位置和后端的最前面位置都为1.7in.(43mm). 对于小的座位面, 负重应置于座位中心轴位置. 对于大的作为区域, 负重应沿着座位区域最前和最后边缘移动g. If there is no designated seating area, the load shall be placed at the least favorableposition that it is reasonable to anticipate that the child will choose to sit如果没有指定的座位区域, 负重应置于可合理预见的儿童选择坐的最不好的位置a. Place the toy across the slope of a smooth surface inclined 10° to the horizontalplane.把玩具放置在与平面成倾斜角度为10°的平滑面上。