上海市高三英语一模考试汇编十选九

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09届上海市高三英语一模——十选九

09届上海市高三英语一模——十选九（宝山）Knowledge is free on the Internet at a small but ___41___ number of colleges and universities.About 160 schools around the world now put free course materials on the web to the ___42___. Recent additions in the United States ___43___ projects at Yale, Johns Hopkins and the University of California, Berkeley.Berkeley said it would offer videos of lectures on YouTube. Free videos from other schools are ___44___ at the Apple iTunes store.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) became an early ___45___with its OpenCourseWare project, first ___46___ in 2001. Free lecture notes, exams and other resources are published at . Many exams even include the answers.Today, OpenCourseWare offers materials from 1,800 undergraduate and graduate courses. These ___47___ from physics to political science.Visitors can learn the same things that M.I.T. students learn. But as the site points out, OpenCourseWare is not a M.I.T. education. Visitors receive no credit toward a degree. Some materials from a course may not be available, and the site does not provide ___48___ with teachers.Still, M.I.T. says that the site has had forty million visits by thirty-one million visitors from almost every country. Sixty percent of the visitors are from outside the United States and Canada. Students and educators use the site, including students at M.I.T. But the largest number of visitors, about half, are self-learners.Some professors have become well-known around the world as a result of appearing online. Walter Lewin, a physics professor at M.I.T., is ___49___ popular. Fans enjoy his entertaining lectures.M.I.T. OpenCourseWare now includes materials for high school. The aim is to improve education in science, technology, maths and engineering.41－45 FDBIG 46－49 CHAE（崇明）the HooverDam in 1935. The huge reservoir(水库) is __41__ in Arizona and Nevada. Since its __42__, Lake Mead’s clear water has drawn boaters, swimmers and fishermen by the thousand.But today, there is no shortage of ways to see just how short of water Lake Mead is. You can count the white rings of mineral __43__ on the bedrock walls of the 250-square-mile reservoir, __44__ the old high-water mark. You can look at the docks(码头) that have been moved repeatedly. Or you can read a line graph(图表) at the visitor center, which tracks the water changeof the lake. Starting in 2000, the graph has come __45__down. The visitor center’s graph stops at 2006. But a park worker says, “It just keeps going down from there.”Will it ever stop? A major drought and the increasing demand for water in growing nearby cities have put __46__ on Lake Mead. Several lakes and the river provide water to farmers and cities from Colorado to Southern California. Now there are fears that global warming could largely reduce the Colorado River’s flow – even as the population of the Southwest continues to grow. Scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, __47__ that there is a 50% chance that Lake Mead could be dry by 2021. Las Vegas, Nevada, takes 90% of its water from Lake Mead. Even though the city’s population continues to grow, Las Vegas’ overall water use has dropped since 2002. Lake Mead has __48__ to just 52% of capacity, but the giant reservoir still contains 9 trillion gallons of water. If the rest of the Southwest can follow Las Vegas’ lead and use water more __49__, there still may be hope for Lake Mead.C E H A F I JD BUntil the 20th century, Americans had little time for leisure activities and did not really approve of leisure. The Puritan ideal of hard work ___41___ strong, and leisure was associated with the “idle rich”, ___42___ called the leisure class. In the 19th century one book warned: "True recreation must not interfere with our duty; must not injure health; must not waste money; must not waste time." At the end of that century, President James Garfield said the question was: "What shall we do with our ___43___ when we get it?" Modern Americans have not found this a problem and can choose from a wide range of leisure activities.The British share the Protestant work ethics but have always believed that it is also good for people to have activities outside work. A ___44___ saying warns that “all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”. Many people now believe that making time for relaxation after work is also necessary for the ___45___ of good mental health. Some people, however, think that leisure time should be spent on ___46___ activities and not just wasted. Children are often ___47___ to develop an interest or hobby which they can pick up in their spare time. Many British people ___48___ more about their leisure time than their work which is, for some, ___49___ a means of getting money to live on .Section B41-------49 BFEDI JCAGwill spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are __41__normal dog activities that __42__at the wrong timeor place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems as learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic__43__.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obediently train it. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the __44__for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to __45__your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the __46__rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme__47__. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的)role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to __48__accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more__49__. A well |trained dog is more confident and can be more safely allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.41—45JI FDB 46—49 EAHC（浦东）Chef (厨师)Walter Potenza owns three thriving Italian restaurants in Rhode Island.He studied and trained to be a chef, but he sees now that his abilities are the 41 of a lifetime education. When he opened his first restaurant, “All of a sudden, my schooling, the knowledge and the history of my family, the ethics (道德标准) of my father came into 42 . It made me an academic, a person who explored the food business.”And the 43 never stops. “One of the secrets is that it’s a business where you 44__ need to stay on top. Chefs are not 45 .” Walter explains that t he process of learning continues for him every day: “I’m an obsessive reader. Every time you read a book, you get ideas. You 46 your ideas into your work place. Then you make that work better.”And success in the cooking business is 47 he has a cl ear definition of: “The success that I would like to have is to be 48 as a man who was creative, who believed in the culture of Italian cuisine in America. Food is the link to the past and to family. Success to me is not how much money you make. But if at the end of the day I am able to make fifteen or twenty 49__ happy, I’ m a happy man.”41. B 42. E 43. H 44. G45. C 46. F 47.D 48. J 49. A（普陀）Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the 41 of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to 42 tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. It is important to think about the people of a 43 country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country, keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also 44 the wealth and happiness of 45 inhabitants.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too 46 , people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country ’s economy can suffer.On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, 47 roads, and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can 48 as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support 49 as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists , jobs and money are lost.41—45CEBIJ 46—49FHDA（杨浦）Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular,when older patients complain of pain, they were told it was a ___41__ part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Times have changed. Today, we take pain __42__. Indeed, pain is nowconsidered the fifth vital, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in determining a person’s well -being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disturb a person’s life, causing problems that range from missed work to __43__.That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who__44__ in pain medicine. Not only do we find out the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive (综合的) therapy for depression and other issues related to the pain. Such therapy often __45__ the work of social workers, psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modern __46__ for pain management has led to a lot of treatments whichare more __47__ and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a limited number of drugs __48__, and many of them caused significant side effects in older people, including dizziness and tiredness. This createdadouble-edged sword: the medications helped __49__ the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.III. Vocabulary D G A F B J H E CEver since humans have 41 the earth, they have made use of various 42 of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is 43 through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these 44 of whole words are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, 45 ,cannot. Body language communicates ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or 46 . A nod signifies approval, while 47 the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille(a system of 48 dots read with the fingertips),signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. 49 verbalization(语言)is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.41—45 EJGFB 46—49 HIAC（虹口）The recent bush fire showed yet again how well the citizens work together in the face of community—_41一．Yet sadly,when it comes to fighting less noficeable commnunity problems．it can be a—_42 to pull together in the same way．Commnunity problems，such as unemployment，homelessness，depression and social isolation, are caused by a wide range of factors and take a long time to fix。

2024上海市高三英语一模各区《11选10》分类汇编

2024届上海高三英语一模分类汇编11选101.2024届宝山区高三英语一模Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.invaluableB.roughlyC.satisfyingD.distractionE.simplyF.advantageG.reasonableH.performedI.scheduleJ.plannedK.excellencePeople tend to think that productivity involves doing several things at once,but according to Cal Newport,the secret to success is the opposite of multitasking.Newport is the author of Deep Work,a book that describes the benefits of focusing on one thing and doing it with31.Newport defines deep work as"the ability to focus without32on a cognitively(认知地) demanding task."It's the opposite of shallow work,which is made up of simple tasks that are usually33while distracted.According to Newport,deep work is a(n)34skill in today's economy.It allows you to learn difficult things quickly and produce at a high level.Most people are distracted when they work,so you learn to work without distraction,that gives you35.Deep work enables you to produce to the best of your ability and acquire new skills quickly.Developing excellence in one's craft can be a deeply36try.But deep work itself is also a skill,which means the more time you spend at it,the easier it gets.Moreover,if you only work at a shallow level,your ability to do deep work decreases.So how do you conduct deep work into your work life or your studies?It's essentially important to37deep work into your day.Otherwise,it's easy to let your time fill up with shallow work.Newport recommends doing deep work as your first task of the day.That way you get it done before distractions build up.Shallow work does need to get done,but if you save it for later in the day,you can get your deep work done,too.Scheduling deep work sessions for the same time every day can turn them into a habit.This makes it easier to spend time on them.Because deep work is by definition cognitively demanding,you won't be able to do it all day. Beginners can usually only focus on deep work for38an hour,and even experts have trouble going more than four hours.So set39goals for yourself.If you really focus,you'll be surprised at how much you accomplish in a few hours.By focusing on40sessions of deep work,you can get more done in less time and feel more satisfied.2.2024届崇明区高三英语一模Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.B.anticipatingC.digitallyD.facilitatingE.geometryF.giant advantageI.potentially J.reopened K.soughtG.initiated H.painstakinglyHow Digital Modeling Plays a Key Role in Restoring the Notre Dame Cathedral(巴黎圣母院) It’s been more than four years since a fire damaged Notre Dame,the Catholic cathedral in Paris that’s historically drawn millions of visitors every year.Since then,people from around the world have united to support an effort,31by French President,that’s intended to have the building back open to the public by the end of next year.Teams working to restore the Gothic cathedral have32to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oak wood(橡木)and stone that have stood the test of centuries.But the builders,architects and engineers do have the33of some21st century technologies,including modern building information modeling(BIM)software that enables them t o w o r k w i t h a(n) 34detailed3D digital model of the cathedral and surrounding site,backed by powerful cloud computing technology.“It allows you to really understand a lot of how a building fits together,how it’s constructed,”says Andrew Anagnost,CEO of design software35Autodesk.It has contributed technical consulting,software and financial assistance to the project since shortly after the fire.A digital model,which took more than a year to create,includes more than12,000objects.It was a complex process.Onsite workers captured the point-by-point3D36of the cathedral with laser(激光)and photo equipment.Then,others turned the data points from that process into detailed shapes and objects,down to individual building stones.That let experts see how the building shifted in the fire—important for37any stability issues—and plan out the process of reconstruction.“It’s like Mission:Impossible when they plan,”says Nicolas Mangon,VP of architecture, engineering and construction industry strategy at Autodesk.“Every little piece is done38, and with the3D model you can simulate(模拟)everything.”Even when the cathedral is39,the model may still serve important roles.Mangon says the company is currently in discussions about using it to manage aspects of the complex going forward,40using sensors that could show the exact location of any future fires.3.2024届虹口区高三英语一模Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.arrivesB.observableC.boundlessD.containedE.distancingF.expansionG.liesH.parallelI.perceivingJ.threadsK.volumeWhat Comes After Space?Looking at a clear night sky,you witness the vastness of space,which holds everything humans know to exist.To find out what31beyond,a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends.However,the problem is that scientists are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all.The32universeThe furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is46billion light-years(a light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about9.5million million kilometres).The33of space that humans can see is called the visible universe.Beyond this,it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe.Some think that the universe is34, meaning space goes on forever in every direction.In this case,there is nothing after space, because space is everything.Moving further awayExperts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit.Perhaps35the limits of the universe would alsobe possible too,if only humans knew where to go to look for it.Another challenge is the universe’s rapid36.As galaxies move further away,their light takes longer to reach us.Eventually,some galaxies may be so distant that their light never37. This might imply that any edge—and whatever is on the other side—is increasingly38 itself from us.Regardless of these uncertainties,scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space.Many universes?It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe,and that our universe is just one small part of a “multiverse”.Perhaps our universe is39within its own distinct region of space,separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness.Or maybe40universes exist,pressed tightly against each other.Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge.What comes after that could be an even great mystery.参考答案：31-40GBKCI FAEDH4.2024届黄浦区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.airflowsB.blockC.challengesD.coolE.criticallyF.disproportionatelyG.principlesH.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretchesSkywellA skywell,or“tian jin”,as it is commonly called,is a typical feature of atraditional home in southern and eastern China.Skywells were designed toreduce temperature in buildings well before air-conditioning existed.Whenwind blows above a skywell house,it can enter the indoor space through theopening.Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air,the incomingwind travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates__31__byreplacing warmer indoor air,which rises and leaves through the opening.The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light,improve ventilation(通风)and harvest rainwater.In Huizhou,a skywell is small but tall,and the rooms around it__32__out sunlight on hot days,enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool.Meanwhile,hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.Architects are now looking towards the__33__behindskywells while designing new buildings to save energy.Oneexample is the National Heavy Vehicle EngineeringTechnology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city ofJinan.The18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle,which__34__from the fifth to the top floor.The elevators,toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel,which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and__35__the overall energy consumption.Ancient“green wisdom”such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to__36__a building without the use of power.However,there are some__37__for bringing skywells into modern designs.The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting,ventilation and rain collection are well known,but applying these methods needs to be__38__.Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features,which were__39__dependent on their natural surroundings,adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be__40__to their project’s context and situation, making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.参考答案：31-35ABGKH36-40DCJEI5.2024届金山区高三英语一模Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Unlocking The Vatican MuseumsGianni Crea has,almost every morning for the past decade,unlocked the doors to the Vatican Museums.He has seen the splendor of the Sistine Chapel and admired the textures of ancient Egypt.“Yes,I’m a key keeper.But the doors I open are the ones to the history of art,and it’s here that exists the biggest and most beautiful history in the world,”says Crea.The Vatican Museums have(31)______collections since the15th century,including tens of thousands of artworks and artifacts spanning prehistory to modern times.The most(32)______ one of them,according to Crea,is Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel.He recalls being(33)______ with emotion the first time he accompanied the former head key keeper to open the chapel more than20years ago.Since then,he’s witnessed people of all faiths(34)______at the chapel’s loveliness,something the church believes is increasingly vital during these unsettled times.“In the difficult current context the world is experiencing,in which sadness and(35)______ seem to have the upper hand,art is more necessary than ever,because beauty is always a source of joy,”Pope Francis said last year.There is also(36)______scientific evidence to support this view.A2019WHO analysis revealed that artistic and cultural activities(37)______physical and psychological health.In fall 2022,physicians at Brussels’hospitals partnered with the city to launch a six-month(38)______ study examining the benefits of“museum prescriptions as supplemental treatment for stress, burnout,and anxiety”.It’s the first investigation of its kind in Europe and is expected to have(39) ______effects across the continent.And in the wake of the pandemic(疫情),which forced the Vatican Museums to close three times between2020and2021,there’s a growing movement for wider and easier access to the arts for people’s well-being.“The Vatican Museums must open their doors to people from all over the world,as a(n)(40)______of dialogue between cultures and religions,”Pope Francis wrote in his2015publication.“Everyone can find something beautiful and moving here,”says Crea,who always welcomes travelers from around the world to accompany him during his morning routine on select dates.“The Vatican Museums will give you an understanding of art and history regardless of your faith.”参考答案：31~40AKBED CHIGF6.2024届静安区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadlyH.headedI.boomingJ.positioningK.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because,unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal.But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example,Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures,which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes,and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37 the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38 onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and 39them on rock outcroppings(露岩)alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.参考答案：31-35FGDKC36-40AEHJB7.2024届闵行区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.mineB.criteriaC.catalogedD.candidateE.delayF.anticipatingprisedH.perceivingI.initiativepoundsK.unfavorableWhat Lies Beneath“Earth”has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun.After all, an alien(外星人)examining it through a telescope would note that two-thirds of its surface is 31not of land but of oceans of water.Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than2,000,000species of marine animals,of which they have so far32perhaps a tenth.A new33hopes to change this.Smoothly launched in London on April27th,Ocean Census(海洋普查)aims to discover100,000new species of marine animal over the coming decade.The attempt is happening now for two reasons.One is that,the longer scientists34,the fewer there will be to document.Climate change is heating the oceans,as well as making them more acidic as carbon dioxide is absorbed into the water.The second one is technological.Marine biologists discover about2,000new species a year, a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day.Ocean Census is35it can go faster.“Cyber taxonomy (网络分类学)”,for instance,involves feeding animal DNA information into computers,which can quickly decide whether it meets the36for a new species.Exactly what the new effort might turn up,of course,is impossible to forecast.But history suggests it will be fruitful.Half a century ago scientists detected hot openings on the sea bed that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that,until then,had been thought37to life.These days,such openings are one credible38for the origin of all life on Earth.More practical benefits can’t be ignored.Many drugs,for example,come originally from biological39.An ocean full of unrecorded life will almost certainly prove a rich seam(矿层)from which to40more.To help make use of its data,Ocean Census plans to make it attainable to scientists and the public without charge,who will be able to search it for anything valuable or unexpected.参考答案：31-40GCIEF BKDJA8.2024届青浦区高三英语一模Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Magical Creatures:AN APPRECIATION OF AUTUMN MOTH(蛾) Moths seem to have a bit of a bad reputation:to some they are ill indications or something scary,to others they are dull in comparison to our well-loved butterflies.But moths are an essential part of a(n)__31__,and important food sources for species like birds and bats.And for me,moths are far from dull.My first meeting with an Angle Shades moth was nearly a non-encounter.I almost passed by without noticing it,thinking it was a fallen leaf on a fence post.But there was something about it that stopped me in my tracks.Its angular shape perhaps?Or the way it sat,__32__,despite the breeze.Closer__33__revealed cream and buff shell-shaped wings,painted with triangles of light pink and brown.Suddenly,it transformed from a(n)__34__leaf into a living thing before my eyes. I’ve been fascinated ever since.The Canary-shouldered Thorn,with its hairy buttercup-coloured body and yellow and orange wings,reminds me of a fallen silver birch(白桦树)leaf.A night-flyer,it favours gardens and woodlands,and is often drawn to__35__light,meaning that your torch beam may be attracting moths as well as lighting your way in the dark.It’s also worth double-checking any leaves in farm houses,as these sheltered spots are a favourite hiding place of another overwintering__36__:the Herald moth.This elegant creature’s beautiful wings look as though they’ve been__37__by hand and painted with bronze.There’s more to these imitators than fallen leaves.The Green-spotted Crescent,which __38__disappears on rough branches,has metallic green spots integrating with the moss(苔藓). Maybe I’ve already__39__crossed paths with one,though.As we dig out our big coats and slip on boots for walks beneath branches,how many moths are we missing?These clever creatures aren’t bad indications,but__40__parts of nature,with a gift for fancy-dress.参考答案：31-40C I K H D J A G B E9.2024届松江区高三英语一模Section BDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.attractive B.bothered C.building D.contrastsE.crossedF.demonstratesG.dramaticallyH.greyedI.instrumental J.sustaining K.vividlyA Review on OppenheimerOppenheimer is Christopher Nolan's film about J.Robert Oppenheimer,the man known as "the father of the atomic(原子的)bomb".As a drama about genius,pride and error,it ___31___the life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,two cities in Japan,during World War II.Oppenheimer is a great achievement,partly because it___32___relates that period of history thanks to Nolan's lifelike filmmaking.Nolan goes deep and long on the___33____of the bomb, but he doesn't restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes.The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades,starting in the1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair___34___.The film touches on his personal and professional milestones,the controversies that___35___him,and the attacks that nearly ruined him. Besides,the friendships and romances___36___him,yet also troubling,are also described.The path of Oppenheimer's life___37___shifted at Berkeley.He was once only an academic there,but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force.By that time, Oppenheimer had become friends with Emest Lawrence,a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator(粒子加速器)and played a(n)___38___role in the Manhattan Project.And Oppenheimer also met the project's military head and was then made director of Los Alamos, where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place.Francois Truffaut once wrote that"war films,even those who support peace,even the best, willingly or not,present wars in a certain___39___way.”That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,killing millions of souls.In the film,you hear that Oppenheimer's famous words___40___his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose:“Now I am become Death,the destroyer of worlds."Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world.参考答案：31-40FKCHB JGIAE10.2024届徐汇区高三英语一模Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originallyG.stable H.popularity I.donating J.searching K.interfereThere’s a rarely-visited,dusty corner of the world where something magical happens.The place,which looks like Mars with its red rock landscape,is the Tatacoa Desert,in Colombia.Tatacoa is located in the region of Huila,south of the country’s capital Bogotá.Although Tatacoa,with its protruding cacti and red rippled rocks,is called a desert,it is in fact a dry tropical forest.But the exciting,and very(31)_______,feature of this desert,is what happens above it,at night.Thanks to its remote location–it’s almost30miles and an hour’s drive over bumpy winding roads to the nearest town–Tatacoa has no light pollution to(32)_______with the night sky.Up to88constellations(星座)are visible on a clear night,as well as both hemispheres–something that happens nowhere else in the world.The warm and dry climate helps with stargazing;a(33)_______atmosphere,which happens in dry spots or places of high elevation,decreases something called scintillation,which is when a star’s light rises and falls rapidly.It’s why stars twinkle,which looks beautiful but isn’t so great for astronomers.Not only is Tatacoa a natural wonder,but the DIY observatory that’s run by a Colombian man named Javier Fernanda Rua Restrepo has become a star(34)_______too.In fact,this humble building attracts stargazers from all over the world,from China to Iceland to Australia.And Restrepo has also become well-known in astronomer circles,with a few scientists(35)_______ their own telescopes to support the grassroots observatory.The Colombian,who is(36)_______from Cali,fell in love with the stars thanks to his father’s interest in astronomy and science,and first visited Tatacoa in1997,to try to see the Comet Hale-Bopp.He stayed for a couple of days before heading back to his hometown.But within a month,he returned to Tatacoa–and never left,camping out for weeks on end(37) _______for the night to come so that he could watch the stars.At first Restrepo had worked at the Colombian government’s observatory,which he helped staff for15years.But after budget cuts meant he lost his job,he figured he would(38)_______ build his own.In2015,Restrepo opened the doors to his observatory–Tatacoa Astronomia–with just one telescope.Now,as Colombia has grown in(39)_______as a tourist destination,hundreds flock to Restrepo’s star party,which he holds once a year in July.Tatacoa Astronomia is only open on starry nights,and Restrepo remains the sole employee. But that doesn’t distract from the intimacy and the specialness of the place.The structure sits on a small patch of land that Restrepo bought himself,and is cordoned（隔离）off by tarpaulin（油布）to add an extra sense of(40)_______and intrigue（阴谋）for visitors.“The stars…they put my life into its tiny perspective,”he says,“and they constantly remind me there are greater things out there.”11.2024届杨浦区高三英语一模Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.normallyB.boostC.sustainD.gainsE.assessingF.substantiallyG.effortsH.mixedI.surprisingJ.anticipateK.assignedYour Social-Media Detoxes（脱瘾治疗）Probably Aren’t Helping YouWe’ve all heard the supposed benefits of unplugging from digital devices,even for24hours.Such breaks are said to(31)_________self-confidence,reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out,and make room for more-enriching, in-person interactions.Yet studies exploring those effects have produced(32) ________results.So a global research team set out to systematically test the idea that social media detoxing delivers meaningful psychological(33)_________.The researchers recruited600undergraduate students in three places:the United States,the United Kingdom,and Hong Kong.All participants were randomly (34)_________to keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment.On the other day,they were to interact with digital platforms as they(35)________would.Each evening they answered survey questions aimed at(36)________various aspects of well-being.Contrary to the researchers’expectations,the one-day detox made no noticeable impact on positive or negative emotions,self-confidence,or daily satisfaction.When it did have an effect,it decreased daily satisfaction and social relatedness,although the changes were not significant once the analysis was adjusted to control for gender.Just as(37) _________,people didn’t use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing.In fact,they reported(38)________lower levels of face-to-face, phone,and email interactions on their detoxing days.Even short social-media breaks can be hard to(39)_______—indeed,only half the participants in the experiment did what was required and these results suggest that they may not be worth the(40)_______.“We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being,”the researchers write.12.2024届长宁区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.objectedB.choicesC.inequalitybinationE.paidF.respondG.personalityH.fadeI.reduceJ.inheritedK.environmentalWhat makes us happy?You probably know the type of personality in some people:they seem to be hopeful in almost everything.Are they simply born happy?Is it the product of their environment?Or does it come from their life decisions?If you are familiar with genetics research,you will have guessed that it is a31 of all three.A2018study of1516Norwegian twins suggests that around30%of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is32.Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.To put this in context,the heritability of IQ is thought to be around80%,so33 factors clearly play a role in our happiness.These include our physical health,the size and strength of our social network,job opportunities and income.It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us,which may explain why the level of34predicts happiness better than GDP.Interestingly,many important life35have only a little influence on our happiness.Consider marriage.A2019study found that,on average,life satisfaction does rise after the wedding,but the feeling of happiness tends to36over middle age.Parenthood is even more complex.For decades,social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without.More recent research,however, suggests that there are important regional differences.Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in 37parental leave,flexible working hours,affordable childcare and holiday leave,which together38the potential for work-family conflict.The effects of these policies may play out across generations.In addition to the legacy of their genes,parents’own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour,which will,in turn,shape the39of their children.Our life satisfaction,then,is shaped by our genes,health,economic prospects,relationships and the culture around us.While many of these things may be beyond your control,there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to40to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.。

2021年上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及答案

2021年上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.Red Rocks, Morrison, the United StatesRed Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.Meet Factory, Prague, Czech RepublicSmallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, FranceOriginally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.Sydney Opera House, Sydney, AustraliaThe Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.1.Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks.B.At Meet Factory.C.At Arena of Nimes.D.At Sydney Opera House.2.What is special about Meet Factory?A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery.B.It hosts both musical and artistic events.C.It is the largest venue of all.D.It is famous for contemporary music.3.What do the listed music venues have in common?A.They have a long history.B.They are built near the sea.C.They accommodate thousands of people.D.They are beautiful tourist attractions.BIf you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.4. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Changed.B. Prevented.C. Started.D. Recorded.5. Why is open monitoring meditation different?A. It is just aimed at a single object.B. It clears your mind of everything.C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.D. It focuses on where the mind travels.6. What did the researchers do for the studyA. They hired people who had meditated before.B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a HurryB. You’re Able to Recognize Errors ConsciouslyC. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More ActiveD. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer MistakesCUntil quarantine (隔离期) ends, we are left picturing what sport we might do: working out at the gym, playing on a competitive sports team, swimming, biking, or rock climbing. However, we don’t often think of martial arts as possible activities; instead, we rule it out because we think it’s dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible. Martial arts aren’t considered a sport, right?Well, here’s some good news: you’re wrong! Martial arts aren’t much more common than people think, and you can start learning at any age. Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape, both physically and mentally. They’re much less boring and much lessarduoussport than they’re usually described as in movies, so do not worry that they need a lot of effort.Martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your legs and arms, sometimes even your breathing too. Think about it: when you leave the gym, your mental state has improved and you are much calmer. This is because you’ve only paid attention to one activity. It is a great way to clear your head. Andpracticing it can help you learn to stay more focused, which is the greatest advantage of martial arts training.Martial arts also improve your coordination (协调性), and greatly improve your posture (姿势). I have personally seen students go from slouching (没精打采) to walking tall with their shoulders back in just a couple of months.There are many styles and countless kinds of martial arts. Whichever one you like better, know that all of them are good choices.8. What can we know about martial arts from the first two paragraphs?A. They often have people hurt.B. They are difficult to practice.C. People have a wrong view on it.D. People practice them more often.9. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Interesting.B. Difficult.C. Friendly.D. Exciting.10. What is the biggest benefit of practicing martial arts?A. Adjusting the breath.B. Enjoying one’s free time.C. Correcting the movement.D. Keeping one’s attention.11. What does the writer think of martial arts?A. They are notsports.B. They attracted many teenagers.C. They are beneficial and helpful.D. They were invented to protect others.DDengue is a very painful illness spread by mosquitoes. In severe cases, dengue can even be deadly. Dengue is a serious disease affecting people in around 120 countries. It can cause high fevers, headaches, and severe pain. It’s caused by a virus spread by bites from mosquitoes. Therefore, dengue is more common in warm areas. Every year, roughly 390 million people get dengue, and as many as 25,000 die from it.Now scientists seem to have found a way to protect humans from dengue by first protecting mosquitoes. Dengue fever is caused by a virus. Though it may seem strange to think of it this way, the mosquitoes that spread the dengue virus are also infected with it. But the virus doesn’t seem to hurt the mosquitoes.Wolbachia is a kind of bacteria commonly found in many insects. In some insects, Wolbachia can keep some viruses fromduplicatingthemselves, which is how viruses grow inside a body. Wolbachia isn’t naturally found in mosquitoes. But by infecting these mosquitoes with Wolbachia, scientists can keep the mosquitoes from catching the dengue virus. Even better, the young mosquitoes coming from the eggs of the infected mosquitoes also carry Wolbachia.Researchers working with the World Mosquito Program (WMP) ran a 27-month study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. They split a 10-square-mile area up into 24 smaller areas. In half of the areas, the scientists did nothing. In the other half, they set out containers of eggs from mosquitoes that had Wolbachia. They did this every two weeks for just 4 to 6 months.Ten months later, 80% of the mosquitoes in the treated areas carried Wolbachia. The researchers report the number of dengue cases in the treated areas was reduced by 77% and that the number of people needing hospital care for dengue dropped by 86%.Because the results of the experiment were so good, the WHO has placed Wolbachia-infected mosquito eggs in all parts of Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. The WHO says that within a year, their efforts will protect 2.5 million people against dengue and that their efforts will be turned into a program that can be repeated worldwide.12. What kind of disease is dengue?A. It is likely to cause death.B. It causes no pain but fevers.C. It happens less often in hot areas.D. It hurts both people and mosquitoes.13. The underlined word “duplicating” in paragraph 3 most probably means “________”.A. worsening the harm ofB. expanding the size ofC. increasing forces ofD. making copies of14. What can be inferred about the method from the figures listed in paragraph 5?A. Its wide use.B. Its effectiveness.C. Its complexity.D.Its easy operation.15. What’s the WHO’s attitude towards the method?A. Ambiguous.B. Positive.C. Tolerant.D. Skeptical.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海高中2022-2023学年高三最后一模英语试题含解析

2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Maybe he really should do more exercises from now on. ____, I hope he could get over soon.A．Somehow B．Somewhat C．Anyway D．Anywhere2．Although the Roma couldn’t be forced to pay taxes, they couldn’t vote ______they agreed to ______a government. A．unless, submit to B．until, correspond toC．when, resign to D．while, compromise to3．— Which classical Chinese poem do you like best?—Don’t laugh if we lay drunken on the battleground; how many soldiers ever came back______.A．old and young B．up and down C．safe and sound D．right and wrong4．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day.A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed5．When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.A．balance B．chanceC．memory D．place6．I have no doubt that he will make it, but I wonder_____ he is really ready enough.A．what B．whyC．whether D．That7．We’ll have to finish it , _____________.A．however it takes long B．however long it takesC．no matter how it takes D．no matter how long does it take8．You can’t use the computer now, ________ the upgrade of the system is under way.A．until B．unlessC．as D．after9．—Mum, I am worrying about my pet dog while we are away.—Boy, you ________. Our neighbor has offered to help us.A．can’t B．wouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t10．She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ______ he said meant．A．that B．what C．that that D．what what11．Thanks for your useful advice; otherwise I ______ such rapid progress.A．didn’t make B．couldn’t have madeC．hadn’t made D．shouldn’t have made12．John, ________ money was now no problem, started a new company with his friends.A．for whose B．of whoseC．of whom D．for whom13．We all Chinese people are called on to learn from Lei Feng, _______ we think set a good example to all of us. A．whose B．whoC．that D．whom14．Face the problem bravely and you ______ a new way to success.A．find B．found C．will find D．have found15．It is not surprising that she was elected ______ monitor ;she is ______ very smart girl who has the ability to organize the class well.A．/; the B．/; aC．a;a D．the;/16．I am wondering how it ________ that you did so much work within such a short time.A．held up B．came aboutC．gave away D．called for17．In many homes in the UK, the first person _______ has to make tea for the family.A．waking up B．to wake upC．woke up D．woken up18．Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing, going to watch them ________ live is quite another. A．perform B．performing C．to perform D．being performed19．________ amazed us greatly was that Linda could speak five languages.A．That B．What C．Which D．Why20．Mr. Smart is believed to be a capable person, who is equal_____ charge of the company very well.A．to take B．to taking C．to be taken D．taking第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2023年上海高三英语一模汇编 —六选四

六选四-2023年上海高三英语一模汇编1.宝山区Many people drink protein shakes(高蛋白饮品)regularly to lose weight,build muscle or both.Others, however,question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal,high-protein foods.So what is the truth?What is in a protein shake?Protein shakes are dietary supplements(膳食补充品)designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would.___47___Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients.Protein powder can be made from plants or animals.Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein.Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk.Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.Advantages of protein shakesStudies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle.They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise.___48___ Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight.Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full,so it’s easier to resist eating too much.High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food,you lose weight.___49___Disadvantages of protein shakesHowever,you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet.Many wholefoods are rich in protein.As a matter of fact,the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods.___50___In contrast,many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners,which are not healthy.To sum upSo yes,protein shakes are convenient,and they work.However,they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.A.And if you’re losing weight,protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.B.Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures,especially their weight.C.Moreover,these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.D.Therefore,it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.E.Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.F.And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.2.崇明区Israeli Company Develops3D Printed BeefIf there were an award for the funniest company name of2022,then the3D printed meat company “Steakholder”would win that award.Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd.has introduced its new product,Omakase Beef Morsels,which are bioprinted with cultured meat.The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef,famous for its fat marbling patterns(大理石花纹)in the meat,which is also very expensive.The company was formed in2019and has an office in Israel and Belgium,and is now expanding its operations to the US.____67____Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef,and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.____68____A bite can be made juicier,chewier,and the taste can also be altered.The process works by first selecting the animals to extract(提取)the stem cells from.The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield.The next step is proliferation,in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply.When the cells reach appropriate numbers,the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.____69____“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,”said Arik Kaufman,CEO of Steakholder Foods.“It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”____70____Its patent for3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its3D printing engineers and cell biologists.“We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food,technology and fine art,”Kaufman said.“We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”So there you have it,guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.A.The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.B.Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef,chicken and even fish.C.The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.D.Additionally,producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.E.The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.F.In the final steps,the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat,ready to be processed into the final product,whether it’s a burger,steak,or even a meatloaf.3.奉贤区At a Loss for WordsImagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task.As a last word before they disappear,you want to encourage them.What might you say?If you are speaking English,the likeliest choice is“good luck”.If you stop to think about it,that is a little odd.Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability.____47____That is why the French,in this situation, say“bon courage”,not“good luck”.English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression.You may wish someone“good morning”,“good afternoon”or“good night”,but not“good weekend”.____48____ However,in other languages it is perfectly usual.____49____English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday,but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations”as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year.The Dutch also say“gefeliciteerd”to members of the family,including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother.This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English.It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language.____50____For example,the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday,and you can prepare for a delighted smile back.It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.A.Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.B.It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.C.What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.D.Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.E.You can say that phrase if you like,but your neighbour would look at you strangely.F.But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it.Social EngineeringWhen using social media,many users may not be thinking of the social engineering implications that can arise with too much over-sharing of personal information.However,what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person–which can then be misused by hackers.“____47____Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches(泄露),”said Roger Grimes,data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4.“Nothing else is even close, percentage-wise,”Grimes warned,“Nearly every organization could best improve their cyber security defense plans if they focused far more on reducing the likelihood of social engineering.No other single defense could do more to protect an organization against hacking and malware(恶意软件).”“Every organization should look to see what they can improve in their defense-in-depth plan(e.g.,policies, technical defenses,and education)to defeat social engineering.It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful.____48____”The security experts warn that even in the context of“social media,”users shouldn’t let their guard down. ____49____“As individuals,we are aware of the personal threats posed by cyber attacks directed against us,”suggested Erfan,cyber security expert at data security Comforte AG.“To avoid being victimized,it’s best to operate under the mindset that footprints exist everywhere and can never be completely wiped out.”“As members of businesses and organizations,we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,”Erfan continued.“____50____Preventing attacks and breaches is not100percent fool-proof,so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.”A.In fact,this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude.B.The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security.C.For developers,this vulnerability also shows there’s still a need for proper input validation and ensure that any request is authorized.D.Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat.anizations should make a joint effort to protect the sensitive data from exploitation.F.This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers.How to show others you careThe idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new.Studies have shown that prosocial behavior—basically,voluntarily helping others—can help lower people’s daily stress levels,and that simple acts of connection,like texting a friend,mean more than many of us realize.___47___“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,”said Tara Cousineau,a clinical psychologist,“People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.”___48___They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted,or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.___49___Jennifer Oldham,who lost her9-year-old daughter Hallie in July,recently created a Facebook group—Keeping Kindness for Hallie—that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor.“It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,”said Ms.Oldham.If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts,or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do.It’s not about you being like,‘Oh man,now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’.It’s about:___50___And how can you turn that into an offering for other people?A.What skills and talents do you already have?B.Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.C.Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness?D.But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail,and in some instances it can create even more kindness.E.People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.F.But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.6.嘉定区Out-of-control SpaceX RocketA SpaceX rocket is now headed directly for the moon after spending almost seven years flying through space,experts say.The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point—a gravity-neutral position four times farther than the moon and in direct line with the sun.____47____At this phase,it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth’s atmosphere.But meanwhile it lacked the energy to escape the gravity of the Earth-Moon system.____48____Space observers believe that it is on course to intersect(相交)with the moon.Bill Gray,who writes software to track near-Earth objects,has said the rocket will very likely hit the far side of the moon,near the equator.“This is the first unintentional case of space junk hitting the moon of which I’m aware,”Gray added.____49____Because of the unpredictable effect of sunlight“pushing”on the rocket and“difficulty in measuring rotation(旋转)periods”,its orbit may be slightly altered.“But these unpredictable effects are very small,”Gray wrote.He added that further observations were needed to decide the precise time and location of the impact.In a recent blog post,he wrote that the rocket has made a close lunar flyby,and will definitely make an impact.As for whether the collision(相撞)could be viewed from Earth,Gray says it will probably go unobserved.”Even if it hit on the near side of the moon,the impact occurs a couple of days after New Moon, which was hardly observable,he added,“to me,the impact was not a big deal.”____50____They believe that the event will allow for observation of valuable lunar materials ejected(弹射)by the rockets strike.A.So the rocket has been following a somewhat chaotic orbit since.B.Nevertheless,space enthusiasts believe the impact could provide valuable data.C.It was part of SpaceX’s space exploration programme.D.But after completing a long burn of its engines,the rocket’s second phase became a problem.E.The exact spot that the rocket will hit remains unclear.F.The lunar phase reveals the passage of time in the night sky.7.金山区I Am Not a RobotAn annoyance,an important security feature,an uncomfortable request:however you feel about being asked to prove you are not a robot,it has become a daily occurrence for most of us,but perhaps not one we would miss if it were to suddenly go away.A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS,Apple’s operating systems for smartphones and computers,promises to give the boot to“captchas”once and for all.____47____“Sometimes a captcha is just a button to press,”said Apple engineer Tommy Pauly.“But other times it canbe a challenge to fill out.”The term captcha is in fact an acronym(首字母缩略词)for“completely automated public Turing test (图灵测试)to tell computers and humans apart.”To help stop fraud(欺诈),these little tests often pop up when you’re signing up for or onto a website.____48____If you get it wrong,it may ask you to start again,leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks like—or if you might really be a robot after all.But captchas are now fast becoming unusable,making the Internet a wasteland of difficult ers must struggle to do the most basic things.“We’ve literally all found ourselves at one time or another complaining:‘Those were all the pictures with traffic lights,”said Effie Le Moignan,a researcher in social computing at Newcastle University.Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that’s often requested in a traditional captcha,and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account.____49____“You likely don’t enjoy being interrupted by these,”said Apple’s Tommy Pauly.“I certainly don’t.The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity.If you run a server,you don’t want it to be defeated by fraud.____50____”The company worked with Fastly and Cloudflare to build the new feature.It works by allowing your device to send a statement confirming it is being used by a human to the requesting website.A.This is becoming a bigger issue as captchas have grown increasingly confusing.B.Therefore,when faced with something really confusing,many people simply give up.C.Most attempts to create accounts or to buy products come from common users,but some attempts can also come from attackers.D.Called“automatic confirmation,”the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.E.These tests may ask you to spot all the traffic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.F.Although the service is tied to Apple’s iCloud network,the requesting site will not receive any personal information about the user or their device.8.静安区Recently,there’s been a lot of talk in U.S.about the“data problem.”It ought to give the“datadriven”school reformers pause to reconsider.Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.____47____ Margo,a famous commenter,states that at least tests are more“reliable”than professional judgment.How can she tell?We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the“truth”can only be captured in one of four answers—a,b,c,or d.____48____But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker?Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments,which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a,b,c and d.The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams.No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.All“reliability”tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place.But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors.Like Wall Street’s numbers,we have no independent basis for relying on these scores.Likewise,validity is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments.How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well,but scored poorly,they often believed the indirect evidence,test score,and not the direct evidence,listening to their children read.Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on“real evidence”.My own8-year-old son also used to“fail”a3rd grade reading test even though I“knew”he could read fluently.____49____We need schools that“train”our which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon.____50____It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty.Only in this way,can we,to some extent,rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.A.Even the technical meaning of“good tests”is open to question.B.It’s when I became a test doubter.C.Different groups of people fit different test patterns.D.On all achievement tests,we’re promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve(曲线).E.This includes judging which expertise to“trust”and defending such choices.F.Time spent on standardized tests is,in many cases,equal to that on study.9.闵行区Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization.Back then,and today,providing food was the basic task for a person.____67____People feel the need for not only some primary things,such as bread and shelters,but also for various facilities and luxuries.Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources,which requires energy.In turn,the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution,so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.____68____The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products,at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required.These plants produce a lot of waste,which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals,or people.The traditional energy sources,which are commonly used nowadays,are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.____69____Of course,during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.In order to produce practical energy,a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable.This is expensive and,has harmful effects on the environment.Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed.Consequently,the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected,and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.____70____This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with.A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.A.There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.B.Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.C.For these reasons,bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.D.However,nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.E.So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.F.They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.10.普陀区Engaging in Family MealsEngaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home.A new studyin the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior,published by Elsevier,connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together,and not in front of a television.The researchers surveyed259patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University.______47______“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,”lead study author Keeley J.Pratt, PhD,the Ohio State University,Columbus,OH,USA,said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home.______48______The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight,also called“weight talk.”“While open communication with children about health is beneficial,it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors.That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,”Professor Pratt said.______49______Families with younger children,regardless of gender,were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together,and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.As kids grow up,the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.______50______“Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss,prevent the beginning of obesity in children,and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,”Professor Pratt said.A.The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.B.They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.C.There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.D.This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.E.Previous study has shown parental obesity(肥胖)is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.F.Someone has no power to influence the family,but they are influencing each other.11.青浦区Why gratitude is good for youGratitude is more than just saying“thank you”to someone who has helped us or given us a gift.____47____And this positive emotion can be good for our health—our emotional and physical health,as well as the health of our relationships.Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude.There have been many studies,as described in a2018paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled“The Science of Gratitude”,showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal,if done regularly,improves mental health.___48___But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone,like in a journal,the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life.And this gets better with time.As we are essentially training our brain to be more in tune with noticing the positive,after several weeks or months,this becomes more intuitive.And so,the more we express gratitude,the more positive we feel.____49____There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality,better eating habits,and reduced infection in people who have had heart problems.So gratitude is clearly good for us,but is it also good for the people in our lives?The simple answer is“yes”.When shared—spoken or written—gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too.____50____And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us.Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead?A.Gratitude can also make us feel good physically.B.Therefore,it’s easy to tell that gratitude is advantageous to us.C.It is the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express our thanks.D.It can help promote stronger relationships with family,friends or even colleagues.E.One reason for this,is that gratitude stops us from reflecting on negative emotions.F.It is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion.12.松江区Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AIShanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s digital transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland,experts said in an interview.The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago,marking the first such effort in China at theprovincial level.___67___“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,”said Yan Rui, director of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress,at a recent media briefing.“___68___It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai,and assist creation of an AI highland with global influence.”Yan said.One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment.“___69___It is the same case with AI.Therefore,it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process,”said Weng Guanxi,a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm.The regulation gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people,enterprises and organizations.___70___In2021,the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size,or with an annual revenue of20million yuan($16.85million)or above,reached305billion yuan,2.28times that of2018, according to China Securities Journal.The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from100,000in2018to230,000in2021,said a Xinhua News Agency report.A.The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.B.The regulation came into effect on October1,just as planned.C.Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.ernment and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and regulations.E.The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI industry.F.The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from wrong.13.徐汇区Quiet QuittingWhile not a new concept,the term“quiet quitting”has recently gained popularity on social media.What is quiet quitting?Quiet quitting doesn’t mean an employee has left their job,but rather has limited their tasks to avoid。

2021届上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案

2021届上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AProvincetown, Cape Cod RestaurantsAfter a day on the sands or exploring our charming town, enjoy local eats, from fresh seafood and lobster to authentic Italian. You’ll find many wonderful Provincetown, Cape Cod restaurants and cafes just steps away. Fanizzi’s RestaurantRight next door to our hotel, this award-winning local eatery is one of the finest Cape Cod restaurants. The menu highlights seafood, Italian, steaks, burgers, and fresh salads. Enjoy the Friday Fish Fry, Early Bird Specials, and Sunday Brunch, available from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. all year long.539 Commercial Street 508-487-1964Napi’s RestaurantNapi’s serves dinner all year round and lunch from April to October. A cozy place located just off Commercial Street and overflowing with local art, this Cape Cod, Massachusetts classic specializes in everything from freshly caught seafood to Portuguese and Brazilian dishes to vegetarian items.7 Freeman Street 800-571-6274Mews RestaurantEnjoy views of Provincetown Harbor at this waterfront restaurant just steps from Surfside Hotel & Suites. Intercontinental dishes are served in the beach-level dining room, while upstairs you’ll find a casual American bistro. Summer months bring on a brunch menu, and dinner is served year-round.429 Commercial Street 508-487-1500The Red InnA favorite among our guests, The Red Inn is located on Provincetown’s picturesque waterfront which provides diners with the most gorgeous harbor views and spectacular sunsets. The Red Inn provides historic old world charm with new world pleasure. Their menu features the finest local seafood.15 Commercial Street 508-487-73341.Which restaurant offers a special breakfast for early risers?A.Fanizzi’s Restaurant.B.Napi’s Restaurant.C.Mews Restaurant.D.The Red Inn.2.What is special about The Red Inn?A.It exhibits the good local art.B.It is the finest local restaurant.C.It offers the best local seafood.D.It serves brunch all year round.3.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Accommodation.B.Life styles.C.Sightseeing.D.Dining.BWe asked four people who watched an online talk on technology and communication by Sherry Turkle for their opinions.Fred:The talk certainly gave me plenty of food for thought about how technology is changing our behaviour. People are constantly multitasking, whether it be emailing during meetings or texting in the checkout queue. It’s as if we can’t bear to miss out on what our online friends are up to, so we juggle the real and online world. My greatest concern is that we don’t give our brains a chance to switch off. It’sthese precious momentswhen we actually process information that helps us make important decisions.Jeremy:It was a fascinating talk and the speaker really hit the nail on the head with a couple of things. Take parental influence, for instance. How can we expect teenagers not to text while doing their homework when they witness their parents posting on social media while cooking the evening meal or waiting at a red light?Kath:So much of what the speaker said rang true. I honestly believe there’s a danger that the more connected we are, the more isolated we feel. I don’t think this is such an issue for my generation who’ve lived without technology for so long. We know how to be alone. But the under 20s are another kettle of fish. They’re so busy communicating that they never experience the feeling of solitude and run the risk of not learning how to enjoy their own company.Carl:I’m not sure to what extent I agree that people are more alone, but the way we communicate has certainly evolved. The speaker makes a good point about how we’re getting used to talking with machines like Siri or robots, which are totally lack of experience of human life. But despite such limitations, we seem to be expecting more from technology and less from each other.4. What does the underlined phrase “these precious moments” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. When our brains are free.B. When we emailing during meeting.C. When we texting in the checkout queue.D. When we juggle the real and online world.5. What suggestion may Jeremy give to the parents?A. Accompany their children when they are doing homework.B. Prevent their children using phone while doing homework.C. Set a good example for their children on using phone properly.D. Stop posting on social media in face of their children.6. What does Kath worry about the under 20s generation?A. They communicate more with others.B. They use more technology.C. It’s difficult for them to find companies.D. They don’t know how to be alone.7. What is Carl’s attitude towards the use of technology in communication?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Indifferent.CTo Rehan Staton, his childhood was a life of privilege — loving parents, a supportive big brother and a pleasant, private school education. Everything changed when his mother left the country and his father lost his job.He had to sleep with a heavy jacket on when it was cold. He was always hungry. He said he couldn't concentrate at school and would sleep during class. He went from straight. As to near the bottom of his class. A teacher told him he needed special education, which made him hate school.Staton spent his high school years as an excellent athlete, raining to become a professional boxer. He had won a lot of martial arts competitions.But a tragedy struck him in his senior year when Staton suffered serious tendonitis (肌腱炎), in both shoulders. He couldn’t lift either arm for months. His dream of becoming a professional player failed. He struggled to apply to colleges but was refused byall of them.Staton’s body slowly recovered from martial arts and he got a job as a rubbish collector. Many co-workers couldn't help but ask him a simple question, “What are you doing here? You’re smart. You are too young to be here. Go to college.” It was the first time someone outside his family had spoken highly of his intelligence. It was the co-workers thatem enedhim to return to school.Several co-workers put Staton in touch with a professor atBowieStateUniversity. The professor was impressed with their conversation and persuaded the admissions board to change its former decision.Going to college forced Staton’s older brother, Reggie, to drop out. They both knew someone had to be working full time along with their dad. It was a decision Reggie made on his own.After receiving a 4.0, Staton succeeded in becoming a student at theUniversityofMaryland. But he still had a long way to go to attend Harvard Law eventually...8. What finally changed Rehan Staton’s happy childhood?A. His brother’s losing the job.B. His serious health problem.C. His father’s sudden death.D. His mother’s leaving the country.9. What does the underlined word “em ened” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. Force.B. Direct.C. Encourage.D. Accompany.10. Why did Staton’s elder brother have to drop out of school?A. He wanted his brother to study further.B. His father asked him to leave school.C. He had lost interest in most lessons.D. He had to go out to find his mother.11. What will the writer mainly talk about next?A. What Rehan Staton planned to do after entering Harvard.B. How Rehan Staton managed to be admitted to Harvard.C. Why Rehan Staton decided to choose to go to Harvard.D. When Rehan Staton would be successful in Harvard Law.DIdentifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolor1 s is criticalto restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color1 manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers fromPortugalhas finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color1 that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began byporing overinstructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitledThe Book on How to MakeAll the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town ofMonsarazin southPortugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color1 .Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes — it was an entirely new class of color1 , one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”12. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. determine the substance making up the foliumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color1 folium belongs to13. The underlined phrase “poring over”in the second paragraph means ________.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully14. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.15. The article is mainly about _________.A. how the mystery ofa thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB. why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was made第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2024学年上海市12校高三一诊考试英语试卷(含解析)

2024学年上海市12校高三一诊考试英语试卷请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。

2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Acceptance is not about liking a situation. It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and ________ to live with that loss.A．learning B．learnedC．to learn D．having learned2．merchant A．machine B．achieve C．stomach D．technology3．A good government is not to pick technologies, but to establish conditions ________ innovation is supported and encouraged into the marketplace.A．when B．thatC．as D．where4．One should accomplish tasks____________ instead of always tuning to others for help.A．independently B．activelyC．skillfully D．voluntarily5．What an unforgettable experience! I'll write it down__________it is still fresh in my memory.A．since B．while C．after D．until6．We packed all the books in the wooden boxes_______ they wouldn’t get damaged.A．as long as B．as ifC．in case D．so that7．—I keep on meeting with difficulties in the experiment. I can hardly go on.—Where there are difficulties, there are ways to get over them. ________A．Suit yourself. B．Good for youC．Pull yourself together! D．What’s the deal?8．They will run an after-class club __________ kids can have fun and learnhow to protect themselves.A．that B．when C．where D．what9．— Mum, would you please buy me an MP5 player?— If you can help do some housework the whole vacation，you ____ have one as a reward.A．must B．need C．would D．shall10．Fortunately somebody who happened to be passing by called the emergency aid the traffic accident occurred.A．hurriedly B．quickly C．immediately D．shortly11．________she is not so healthy _______she used to be?A．Why is it that; what B．Why it is that; thatC．Why is it that; as D．Why it is that; who12．—I say, Harry. What did you say to the laid-off worker just now?—Nothing. I to myself.A．had only talked B．am only talking C．have just talked D．was just talking13．With no one them，the two thieves stole into the house．A．watch B．watching C．watches D．watched14．We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.A．attempts B．requestsC．doubts D．promises15．Every four years Americans __________ the transfer of power.A．carry over B．carry offC．carry on D．carry out16．—Vivien, you look blue. What’s wrong?—There are so many papers _____. I’m really busy recently.A．finish B．to finishC．finishing D．finished17．Our English teacher , having explained to us how to design a project, allowed us a whole week’s preparation and then ______the class.A．to dismiss B．dismissedC．dismissing D．having dismissed18．In order to finish the work time,the man in charge decided to some more workers.A．give up B．take on C．look after D．find out19．Despite the obvious privacy concerns, the use of facial-recognition technology is ________ at some public places. A．out of danger B．on the run C．out of sight D．on the rise20．The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial ________.— a scar on the forehead.A．expression B．featureC．outline D．gesture第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2014届上海市各区高三英语一模——十选九汇编

宝山区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The next time you’re riding a subway or bus, pay attention to your fellow passengers. Chances are you’ll see plenty of them with their heads down, tapping the screens of their tablets or 41 on their smartphones. While these folks may be making good use of their time by staying 42 , their bodies are paying a heavy price for such convenience.As hand-held devices such as smartphones and tablets are becoming more common, users are reporting some new 43 problems. Florida chiropractor (脊椎按摩师) Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of his patients 44 of neck and shoulder pain. He traced these 45 to the overuse of hand-held devices, specifically the action of bending the neck, and created the term “Text Neck.” As if the painful symptoms weren’t bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to 46 spinal (脊柱的) damage. He founded the Text Neck Institute in an effort to treat and educate those suffering from Text Neck. Treatments offered there include chiropractic care, physical therapy, massage therapy and exercise planning.In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck, use the following basic principles:●Avoid awkward positioning. Don’t strain (滥用) your neck, and stay aware of how your body is 47in relation to the device.●Take frequent 48 when using any kind of mobile device.●When using a tablet, use a case that can back up the device at comfortable 49 angle.For those who 50 can’t take their eyes off their devices, there is an ironic twist – downloading a special app（应用程序）could help. Dr. Fishman has released an app called the Text Neck Indicator App, which measures the angle of your smartpphone. When the angle is appropriate, a green light appears in the upper corner of your screen. But when the angle puts you at risk for neck strain, the light turns red, obliging you to adjust your angle.崇明县The idea of the youth hostel (旅社) started with one man: Richard Schirrmann (1874-1961), a German school teacher, who felt that there was a need for overnight accommodation for his students in order that they could see new things and have new experiences outside the 41 .He felt that one learns by observing, and tried to make his dream come true in the year 1909, when he started providing accommodation for his students in inns, farmhouses and the like.The first youth hostel was opened in Schirrmann’s own school in Altena, after which it was 42 by a permanent hostel in Altena Castle. Schirrmann went on to 43 the German Youth Hostel Association in the year 1919. By this time, the idea of the youth hostel had 44 far and wide, all over the lands of Europe and further.And then, in the year 1932, a(n) 45 organization called the International Youth Hostel was founded in Amsterdam, which consisted of youth hostels from Switzerland, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Norway, Britain, Ireland, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark and Belgium. Richard Schirrmann became its chairman in 1933.The idea of the youth hostel is for young people who are on nature trips to get 46 accommodation in exchange zhucanqi for some money and a helping hand with the domestic chores (家务活). These hostels were said to build character and a sense of independence, as the youth who stayed in them got the 47 to see how other people lived as well as to help to do work.Youth hostels are also places to meet and make new friends. They have no class 48 and everyone has to do their share. Here, wealth and position does not help you gain 49 , but friendliness does. The friendlier you are, the more you learn from the 50 of staying in a youth hostel.奉贤区You watch a sad ilm and get caught up in your emotions. You cry your eyes out at the 41 plot — you feel sad or the characters i they suer, or happy or them when they are successul. It is only when the movie is over that you realize that what you were watching is not real.But why couldn’t you accept that when you were so 42 in the movie? It was reported that people simply cannot think emotionally and logically at the same time.It has long been known that something dierent goes on in our brain when we use logic, rather than responding to something emotionally. Thinking logically is a step-by-step 43 , in which people make decisions through 44 and ind answers sensibly. When we think emotionally, we look at things rom someone else’s point o view and try to eel their pain.Now scientists have ound that thinking logically and emotionally are like the two ends o a (跷板) — when we’re busy sympathizing, the part o the brain used or cold, hard 45is restricted. And it’s also true the other way round.To come to this 46 , scientists gathered 45 people — men and women — to take brain scans as they solved dierent kinds o puzzles. Some o the puzzles were 47 and involved math and physics and others were social problems that required participants to put themselves in other people’s shoes.Scientists ound that when participants were doing a math problem, the region in their brain that is 48 with logical thinking lit up, and when asked to make emotional decisions, the region or emotional thinking lit up. But the most interesting part is that when asked to solve problems that required both logical and emotional 49 , the participants always used one o the regions at a time while the other one went dark.However, people sometimes ended up using the wrong one. This explains why some people are good at solving complex math problems but have poor social skills. And why even the smartest people get taken in by ake but 50 stories.虹口区There is atendencyto think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were 42 close. Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition .Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s 45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibition of Hartmann’s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to 46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.The exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The t en pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48 as symbols rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition. Between each is a promenade （舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising 49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work. 黄浦区Here are four simple, healthy and, dare we say, fun ways to help you slim down and stay healthy.Have your cake …for breakfastAside from being depressing, the way to __41__ weight loss isn’t by feeling deprived.Scientists say that people who started off the day with a __42__ felt fuller and more satisfied, and that led to their sticking with the program as the day went on. Being hungry is no way to start your day, so __43__ up with protein and a mouthful of something sweet. And most of all, enjoy!Sleep your way to weight lossDr. Andrew Calvin, one expert of Mayo Clinic study, is quoted as saying, “If individuals are seeking to maintain a healthy weight or to lose weight, they should seek to get enough sleep on a __44__ basis.”If you find it tricky to wind down at night, turn off the __45__ and engage in relaxing activities, like taking a bath or listening to __46__ music.Journal to drop poundsThe best __47__ for a dieter? Pen and paper! Women who wrote down everything they ate lost more weight th an those who didn’t track their food intake. Journaling makes you accountable and more aware of what you’re eating, so it makes sense that it’ll keep you from __48__ chewing if you aren’t actually hungry. Even a tiny bit of exercise helps your healthEven 20 to 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the weeks (broken up into smaller chunks is fine) reduces your risk for all sorts of physical ills. And even 20 minutes a week can improve your mood. Thatreally stuck with me. It’s easy to criticize ourse lves or burn out if we make goals that are __49__ hard to achieve, but walking a few times a week is __50__ – and meaningful, too.嘉定区Thirteen years after the launch of Taobao, China has risen to become the world’s second busiest online marketplace, behind only the United States. This is the kind of statistic that 41 love, but it doesn’t really tell us anything about why so many people like to buy so many things online.Is it because its easy? Is it because of the 42 selection? Is it because we want to feel 43 to others without leaving the house?Taobao was in fact a 44 to ebay’s entrance into the Chinese market in 2003. Jack Ma(马云) knew that he knew China better than the Americans did, and that Taobao could beat ebay at its own game here. He was right, and Jack Ma has helped to 45 the nature of online commerce in China—what it looks like, how it works, and, most 46 , who its users are.T aobao’s aesthetic (美学) is distinctive, and has influenced and inspired competitors in China and around the world. The way it works is also different from other 47 online retailers(零售店) . But the real genius of Taobao lies in its 48 of its users. What it looks like and how it works, after all, were 49 with the users in mind: a young, increasingly “connected” and increasingly wealthy Chinese generation.When they designed Taobao, Jack Ma and his team realized that many young people in China strongly 50 social interaction with their peers, so they made such interaction—everything from messaging to live chats to recommendations and reviews—a core part of the Taobao shopping experience.金山区Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with ___41___ numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively (不引人注目地) and leave no mark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places, ___42___ in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations ___43___ for managing wild spaces, and ___44___ them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner’s ___45___, except in national parks.Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, ___46___ bad weather, and making food without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so ___47___ out smaller, more remote places with easy ___48___ to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to ___49___ a good night’s sleep. Choose a campsite withprivacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have ___50___ camped before rather than creating a new spot. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made—changing it should be unnecessary.静安区who come to you with unconnected knowledge, talking about, say, Vitamin B12 and other modern__41__. When they ask advice, begin at that level. Unless you start at their own level, they will not be able to understand. You must explain to them in scientific terms the effects of the food they eat, and how they need to __42__it.You have to train yourself to be very__43__. Staying at one level is not being a free man. If we stay at a very high level all the time, that is not practical. A limitless person goes __44__from one level of thinking to another, according to his circumstances. To do this we must get rid of our unwillingness to change our way of thinking or behavior, become friends with everyone, and have the same loving feelings for everyone. Then we can give advice to all kinds of people. If there is someone or something you dislike, you are still__45__, and your ability to give advice is reduced. For anyone, the same. A free person acts like that.You cannot stay with a sick person all the time. You must __46__ a person’s freedom as much as you can. If people really want to die, let them—it is their freedom. The point is never to become an authority__47__; remain a friend or advisor. People should not come back __48__for consultation; if they do, your advice has been incomplete—you did not know how to give the __49__advice about freedom. If they do not understand that, sick people become slaves; they are still afraid inside, and are__50__. That is no way to build a healthy world and help people become happy and free.闵行区In the time that records have been kept of bird populations, 20 percent of all species have gone 41 . More are likely to follow. In March the 42 of a large-scale, 24-year survey gave one of the clearest pictures yet of the decline of Australian and Asian shorebirds, including the long-distance migrants (候鸟) that are most difficult to 43 . The results of the survey are awful.Every October for more than two decades, teams from the University of New South Wales in Australia counted birds from an airplane flown low over 130,000 square miles of wetlands in the eastern third of the continent. Their 44 showed a steady decline, beginning in the mid-1980s. By 2006 the number of migratory shorebirds had dropped by 73 percent and the number of Australia’s resident of shorebirds had fallen by 81 percent. “The45 of the decline took us by surprise,”says evolutionary ecologist Silke Nebel of the University of Western Ontario in London, the lead author of the report.The survey 46 that inland wetlands were more important to both resident and migratory birds than had been 47 , and that wetland loss from damming (筑坝) and the diversion(分散) of river water forirrigation was at least in part 48 for the shorebird decline in Australia. But wetlands are becoming smaller in countries all along the major flyway that 49 from eastern Siberia to New Zealand, the study’s authors note, so protecting the 8 million birds that use the corridor 50 will require an international solution.浦东新区We need more men in our hospital, not as doctors, but as nurses. Over the last few years, I have found that having male nurses is a real bonus, and they definitely have a place in our hospital. There are several reasons for wanting male nurses here, not only because half the population in our country is male. Men ____41____ excellent carers and are ____42____ good at taking care of others. In fact, many men take good care of their children, wives, parents, sisters, brothers, and even their nieces and nephews.Another reason that men can become great nurses is that in general, men are ____43____ stronger than women. Male nurses can help ____44____ heavy objects, or if, for example, a patient cannot move from the waist down, male nurses can help move the patient into a comfortable ____45____. Also, male nurses can be a great help in keeping patients ____46____ while they receive painful treatment, such as when bandages covering wounds are changed. Another advantage to having male nurses is that they see things from a different ____47____ from women and bring a male way of thinking to problem-solving. This allows the hospital to work more effectively than if we only ____48____ problems one way. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, which helps patients recover faster.Currently, only 7 percent of our nursing staff are men; this number is far too low, and the problem requires correction. Having more male nurses will help create a positive ____49____ between male and female staff, and it will ____50____ patients the choice of a male or female carer. I am determined to take on more male nurses here at Central Hospital. I will be organizing an open day soon to allow interested young men to visit our hospital and find out more about nursing. Hopefully, we will have more male nurses in our hospital soon!普陀区Modern inventions have speeded up people’s loves amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, __41__ cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at __42__ speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts of saving __43__ seconds in handling tasks.All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the __44__ feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers.Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists; too much use may send harmful radiation into our brains, a __45__ we do not like to think about.However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to __46__ activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the __47__ of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might __48__ a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they __49__ with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern __50__ has freed people from that primitive (原古的) existence.青浦区Ducks offer certain advantages over hens. Ducks are immune to some 41diseases found in hens. Some breeds of duck produce bigger eggs than hens. In 42 , ducks lay eggs over a longer season than hens do.Poultry (禽类) keepers with gardens have less to worry about if they keep ducks rather than hens because the former are unlikely to dig up plants and destroy roots. While both hens and ducks 43 the garden by eating pests, hens are known to damage grass beds. Ducks, on the other hand, will search for insects more 44 . Only very delicate plants are at risk from the broad, webbed feet of ducks.Like all waterbirds, ducks need 45 to water, and duck keepers typically provide this by building a pond. Something this large is not absolutely necessary, however, ducks need only to be able to 46 their heads in the water to keep their nose clean. If a pond is provided, though, it is important to keep baby ducks away from it until they are old enough to put up with the cool temperature of the water.When 47 ducks, one has to consider just how many the land will support. The rule is generally about 100 ducks per acre. If more than this proportion is introduced, there is a risk of pressing the soil, which can lead to 48 conditions for long periods as the rain is not easily absorbed into the ground.While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given a greater quantity of food, especially if regular eggs are 49 . An adult duck will eat between 170 to 200 grams of food a day. If the ducks live near grass and a pond, they will be able to find for themselves approximately 70% of their daily dietary requirements in warmer months but less than half that in colder times. Therefore, it is important that they be 50 onenough food, such as grain, every day.松江区When asked about one interview candidate who impressed her most, Christine, an HR manager at aninvestment company cited an example of a(n) 41 who had prepared well. “He seemed very prepared to work for our company during the interview. He 42 good research on the company’s core business and also the industry in gener al,” she said.This suggests that HR managers expect candidates to do their homework 43 , but how? Here are some tips to 44 your chances of getting a job.Search the Web and research the 45 of the company and the people who you think are going to be interviewing you. Learn exactly what it is that they do and how you would fit in with the company. Most importantly, try to understand the “culture” of the company, which is to say its underlying 46 ; the HR departments often state missions and give 47 statements. You need to communicate in a way that 48 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization. Understand a little of what their 49 are doing. This will show that you’ve bothered to find out where thei r position in the market is.Just as important is your own personal preparation. Think about the key things you want to communicate and why you would be ideal for the job. Think about how you can sound 50 without sounding desperate -- how you can sell yourself.Generally, wear a suit (and also a tie for guys), but the dress code depends on the job you are going for. When you study the company culture, check what is expected in this area also.徐汇区Although many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are 41_____ to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses—whether job related or not—offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees 42 _____ tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to 43 _____ to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete 44 _____ in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 45_____. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 46_____ by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee turnover, because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 47_____ to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 48_____, more often than not, the employee will stay with the company.And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 49_____ benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 50_____ so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. Though unconditional tuition repayment r equires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisestinvestments a company can make.杨浦区Take NASA for example.In order to catch NASA’s eye, would-be astronauts must not only stand out in required skills and pass physical and psychological exams, but also find unique ways to __41__ themselves from the harsh competition.NASA’s requirements for becoming an astronaut have changed over the years. Originally, it __42__ candidates with a military flight background, with at least 1,000 hours spent in command of a jet aircraft. In 1978, however, NASA __43__ its focus to a more varied group of astronauts: scientists and engineers with at least three years of experience in their respective fields.During the years of shuttle missions, everyone had a __44__: some would focus on robotics, others on spacewalks or maintenance. To work on the space station, astronauts must be able to perform all tasks, which encourage __45__ to acquire different experiences. Jeanette Epps, an astronaut, studied aerospace engineering, worked at Ford Motor Company and took a job with the CIA before joining NASA. She says astronauts’varied backgrounds __46__ to their ability to adapt and learn anything quickly.After ensuring that candidates are U.S. citizens and that they satisfy __47__ education and experience requirements, the selection committee enters a gray area. “We’re not really looking for one thing, just a good mix of things,” said Duane Ross, the manager for astronaut candidate selection and training.To the committee, candidates who take on __48__ outside of the workplace demonstrate curiosity and energy. Many astronauts who don’t have a military background do hold a(n) __49__ piloting license. Some are enthusiastic mountain climbers, scuba divers or skiers. Others are musicians, dancers, or play competitive sports. Choosing to __50__ themselves to different, extreme environments counts as another way to stand out from the crowd.闸北区Among the note-taking forms in today’s US schools, the Cornell method is widely recommended. Providing a form for concentrating and organizing notes, the Cornell method sets up a system to direct students to ___41___ the paper into two columns. The note-taking column, which is usually on the right, is twice the size of the key word column on the left. The student should leave five to seven lines blank, at the bottom of the page. zhucanqiNotes from a lecture or teaching occupy the note-taking column which ___42___ contain the main ideas of the textbook or lecture. Most ___43___ ideas and long sentences are avoided while ___44___ or abbreviations（缩写）are preferred instead. To assist with future reviews, ___45___thoughts or questions should be noted down as soon as possible so that the students may ___46___ to these points for reflection or further research. The key-word column is a(n) ___47___ place to note down these ideas. These ideas may laterturn into potential research results as students are always encouraged to reflect on the notes ___48___ or go deep into the questions further.Within 24 hours after the note-taking, the student must revise and then produce a short summary in the bottom space. Such move helps him to ___49___ the topic better. When preparing for a test, the student has ___50___ to a brief but detailed record of the previous classes.长宁区Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms —any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.各区答案集锦宝山区41.C 42. F 43. G 44. I 45. H 46. D 47. E 48. A 49. B 50. K崇明县41. K 42. J 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. H 47. C 48. G 49. I 50.F。

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2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模——十选九（长宁）A. advanceB. similarC. destructionD. ceaseE. increaseF. definedG. approachesH. miserableI. populatedJ. shiftsPeople rarely feel as helpless as they do when attacked by the threat of severestorms. There is nothing that can prevent a hurricane (飓风) or tornado from causing destruction if it reaches a 41 area. History offers numerous examples of storms that have destroyed large numbers of homes and killed many people. But today thingsare not as 42 as they were in the past. By studying the conditions that causestorms, weather forecasters are better able to predict them and give people in their paths the warning needed in 43 to keep away from tragedy.A storm is 44 as a sudden, extreme change in the normal conditions of Earth’s atmosphere. Examples include a large flood of moisture (湿气) or a sharp increasein wind speed. These types of 45 are generally caused by a dramatic change inair pressure. In fact, air pressure often affects weather more than any other factors.Hurricanes are somewhat 46 to tornadoes because both produce atmosphericvortices. Vortices are cone-shaped depression (低气压) of high-speed winds that can cause a large lot of 47 if they touch the ground. When a storm 48 shore, itbrings not only fierce winds but also large amounts of ocean water. Storms requiremoisture to exist, so they quickly 49 over land. As the storm dies, it createslarge thunderclouds that can cause heavy rain, thunder, lightning, and flooding.Tornadoes can also form from the breakup of storms and are often one of their mostdangerous consequences.41~45 IHAFJ 46~49 BCGD（闸北）A. consequentlyB. divorcedC. servingD. imaginaryE. hitF. evilG. secretH. gained i. honours J. inspiredThe popularity of the fantasy novels Harry Potter and the great success of thePotter movie series have aroused Potter fans' craze about the author —Joanne Kathleen Rowling.Rowling started writing after graduating with __41__ . Nonetheless, this was not supposed to be her main job, as she was already working as a secretary. She foundher job rather boring and was frequently absent-minded, as she was always taking notes for sudden ideas for future stories. She was fired __42__ and went from one job toanother.Finally, a trip by train __43__ her to produce a story about a young wizard (巫师）born with responsibilities to fight 44 forces. Unfortunately, her idea could notbe developed due to her mother's sudden death. Shocked and depressed, Rowling leftBritain. When she returned, she was already a __45__ single mother with a littledaughter. in spite of all the frustrations in life, she managed to put her __46__story to the point. Harry Potter was published and became a(n) __47__ in no time.The Potter books have __48__ worldwide applause, won multiple awards, and have beenthe basis for a popular series of films, in which Rowling had overall approval onthe scripts (脚本）and maintained creative control at the same time by __49__ As aproducer in the films. It is through Harry Potter that Rowling has led a "rags toriches" reality show, where she progressed from living on social security to multi-millionaire status.41?45 IAJFB 46?49 DEHC（杨浦）C. reflectD. referredE. privacyA. emphasizeB.misunderstandingF. attachedG. occurringH. opposeI.J. concerningcivilizationThe most difficult part of a Western-Chinese marriage is the cultural differences. The traditional Chinese culture is established on the Confucian philosophy, whilethe western culture is based on ancient Greek __41__. Cultural differences exist inalmost every aspect and therefore __42__ also on relationships and marriage.From the traditional Chinese point of view, marriage is a relationship __43__many aspects such as family, friends and relatives, while from the Western point ofview, marriage is a contract signed between two people that is based on trust andlove. Furthermore, Wester ners’ marriages __44__ more the independence and __45__of the couple.That is why Westerners sometimes cannot understand why we Chinese need to support our relatives if we are asked to do so. Chinese need to maintain their “face” and “relations”. Even in a relationship, we are somehow still __46__ to our family and relatives. Our partner has to understand it and at least does not __47__ it.It is not easy to maintain Chinese-Western relationship. Cultural differencesmay result in __48__. Young Asian ladies are fond of western men because they believe they are more gentlemanly and in addition their appearances are more attractive.Western men may think Chinese ladies are gentler and more feminine.My suggestion for the cross-culture relationship is always trying to put yourself in other’s shoes: accepting rather than changing; always respecting your partnerbut clarifying your own red lines; showing your interest in his/her different culture and carefully commenting on it and so on.There are more and more cross-culture marriages __49__ recently. I would liketo take this chance to sincerely wish them the very best in their love journeys.41~45 ICJAE 46~49 FHBG（徐汇）A. considerationB. originallyC. involvementD.finalized E. sponsoredF. increaseG. balancedH. representI.proceed J. includedThe Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for a novel written bya writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland and it aims to ___(41)___the very best in contemporary fiction. The prize was ___(42)___ called theBooker-McConnell Prize, which was the name of the company that ___(43)___ it, though it was better-known as simply the ‘Booker Prize’. In 2002, the Man Group becamethe sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping ‘Booker’．Publishers can submit（提交）books for ___(44)___ for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted they think should be ___(45)___. Firstly, theAdvisory Committee give advice if there have been any changes to the rules for theprize and selects the people who will judge the books. The judging panel（评审团）changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is ___(46)___ in termsof gender and professions within the industry, so that a writer, a critic, an editorand an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been ___(47)___, they are left to make their own decisions without any further ___(48)___ orinterference from the prize sponsor.The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics to maintainthe consistent（始终如一的）quality of the prize and its influence is such thatthe winner will almost certainly see the sales ___(49)___ considerably, in additionto the ￡50,000 that comes with the prize.41. H 42. B 43. E 44. A 45. J 46. G 47. D 48.C 49. F（松江）A. termsB. competingC. attractedD. especiallyE. registeredF. applicationsG. fortunatelyH. mechanicsI. markingJ. remarkableA stable post in government offices is what thousands of millions of well-educated young people have been DYING for. This year, a total of 1.5 million people __41__for the national civil servant examination in China, __42__ another impressive record in the number of young people __43__ for government jobs, often with odds of hundreds to one. In the northeastern city of Harbin, for example, 440 openings for drivers,__44__ and cleaners in the municipal public sanitation service drew More than 7,000__45__ from young people under 30 and almost half of them were college graduates.The __46__ shift in young people's job preferences in recent years has analystsand educators worried. Many applicants are __47__ to the stability of government jobs in a time of increasing economic uncertainty, but some experts say that young people, __48__ recent college graduates, should be more adventurous and entrepreneurial. They should beware of settling down into comfortable government jobs that offer littlein __49__ of career progression or personal growth.41?45 EIBHF 46?49 JCDA（青浦）A. generousB. statisticsC.building D. chance E. additionF. contributeG. annoyingH.current I. further J. structureAttracting donations is a chief concern for nonprofit organizations and projects. An effective, professional donation-request letter is a necessary tool for fund-raising. Researching possible donors and 41 a database of names and organizations is one key to success, but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater impact on successful fund-raising. The following are some tips/instructions.Research potential donors via the Internet. Research small companies in 42 to large foundations. Sometimes a small local company will assistyou in reaching your goal. A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspirea surprisingly 43 donation.Find the appropriate contact person. Address your letter to a real person whois in a position to entitle a donation. Beginning your letter with “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Country Market” stands little44 of attracting the attention of the right staff member.And then, 45 the letter properly. Begin your letter with a vivid and readable description of your organization’s work, and highlight a recent succ ess story. Continue with a few general 46 to impress the contact person withyour organization’s efficiency and effectiveness. Next, describe in full the 47 project or effort for which a donation is needed and who willbenefit. Include all contact information, including telephone, fax and email, andend by inviting the person to contact you if any 48 information is needed. Finally, hand on the letter to colleagues for proofreading and suggestions.Keep careful records of donations and send thank-you letters. Donors often arewilling to 49 again if they are shown how their contribution was put touse. Follow-up letters can assist in this effort.Section B41～49 C E A D J B H I F（普陀）A. complicatedB. seldomC. aimedD. dangerousE. changeF. relativeG. simpleH. qualityI. inexperiencedJ. ignoreThere are more than almost two million cars on the streets of Shanghai. That’s not a big number _41_ to the city’s population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that traffic is a big problem here. And many people would argue that it’s not the number of cars on the road, but the _42_ of the drivers that is the main cause ofconcern.According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years ofdriving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged and have never operatedmachinery more _43_ than a washing machine. On the road, they drive fast when theyshould drive slow, _44_ use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights withoutstopping first. And in the past year, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when _45_ drivers mistook the gas pedal for the brake (刹车)pedal.There are new regulations _46_ at making it more difficult for people to get adriver’s license, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghai’s traffic problems. What is really needed is a _47_ in drivers’ attitudes. There seems to be a lack o f concern for safety on the part of drivers: their own safety and the safety of others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and _48_ pedestriansat crosswalks and intersections.A car is a great convenience, but it can also be a _49_ weapon. Drivers will have to realize that before Shanghai’s streets can become truly safe.41-----49 FHABICEJD（浦东）A. inappropriateB. questionC. inexperiencedD. changesE. trendsF. job-relatedG. assessH. dissatisfactionI. professionJ.occursNursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the falseimpression that nurses are there to wait on the position. As nurses, we are licensedto provide nursing care only. We do not have any legal or moral obligation to anyphysician. We p rovide health teaching, __41__ physical as well as emotional problems, coordinate patient-related services and make all of our nursing decisions based upon what is best or suitable for the patient. If, in any circumstance, we feel that thephysician’s order is __42__ or unsafe, we have a legal responsibility to __43__thatorder or refuse to carry it out. Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that before they enter the __44__. The emotional andphysical stress, however, which __45__ due to hard working hours is a prime reasonfor a lot of the career __46__. It is sometimes required that we work overtime andthat we change shifts four or five times a month. That disturbs our personal lives,disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, and isolates us from everything except __47__ friends and activities. The quality of nursing care is being affected dramaticallyby these situations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates as experiencednurses finally give up trying to change the system. Consumers of medically-relatedservices have evidently not been affected enough yet to demand __48__ in our medical system. But if __49__ continue as predicted, they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new, inexperienced and sometimes inadequately-trained nurses.41~49. GABIJ HFDE（闵行）A. blamedB. predictedC. demandingD. measuresE. improveF. influencesG. extinctH. similarI. loseJ. consequencesThe next generation may lose the opportunity to swim over coral reefs (珊瑚礁) or eat certain species of fish, scientists have warn ed, as the world’s oceans move into a stage of widespread extinction because of human 41 such as overfishing and climate change.A report from an international group of marine experts said that the conditionof the world’s seas was worsening more quick ly than had been 42 . The scientists, who gathered at Oxford University, warned that we would 43 the whole ecosystems, such as coral reefs in a generation. Already the number of fishis dropping, leading to risk of rising food prices and even starvation in some partsof the world.The experts 44 the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for pushing up ocean temperature, the increased algae (海藻) concentration in the water, which made t he water have less oxygen. The conditions are 45 to every previous mass extinction event in the Earth’s history.Dr Alex Rogers, scientific director of the International Programme on the Stateof the Ocean said the next generation would suffer if species are allowed to go 46 . “As we considered t he cumulative (积累的) effect of what humankindhad done to the ocean were far worse than we had individually realized,”　he said.“This is a very serious situation47quick and effective action at every level. We are looking at 48 for humankind that will influence i n our lifetime and, worse, our children’s and generations beyond that.”The marine scientists called for a range of urgent 49 to cut carbon emissions (排放),reduce overfishing, create protected areas in the seas and cutpollution.41~45 FBIAH 46~49 GCJD（静安）A. campaignB. notedC. focusD. carefulE. releasedF. fallG. trendH. deadI. majorJ. extendedWASHINGTON (Reuters) —The U.S. unemployment rate probably rose in October as employers stepped up hiring only slightly, undersc oring President Barack Obama’s vulnerability in next week’s presidential election.Employers likely added 125,000 jobs to their payrolls last month, according toa Reuters survey of economists. That would be up from 114,000 in September, but would41 short of what is needed to quickly cut the jobless rate.Indeed, economists expect the unemployment rate — a key 42 in theneck-and-neck race for the White House ——to tick up by a tenth of a percentage pointto 7.9 percent, reversing part of a surprise drop seen in September.The Labor Department's closely watched report, which will be 43 at 8:30 a.m. (12:30 GMT) on Friday, will be the last 44 report card on the economy beforeTuesday's presidential election, which pits (使竞争）President Obama against Republican Mitt Romney.If economists are right, it will show the eighth straight month of dull job growth,a worrisome 45 that would likely reinforce the Federal Reserve's resolve to keep easy money policies in place until the economy shows more vigor."The weakness in overall economic growth momentum has 46 into the lastquarter of the year," said Millan Mulraine, an economist at TD Securities in New Y ork.Romney has made the nation's feeble jobs market, which has caused Obama a lotof trouble since he took office in 2009, the centerpiece of his 47 . The lastReuters/Ipsos daily tracking poll showed Obama and Romney in a 48 heat.Still, the report could provide fodder for both candidates. Some e conomists have 49 an increase in the jobless rate might have a silver lining if it is driven byAmericans pouring into the labor market to restart job hunts.41?45 FCEIG 46?49 JAHB（金山）A. desperationB. authoritiesC. diligentlyD. confusionE. enrolledF. violentlyG. financialH. conclusion i. devoted J. graduationSeventeen years ago, when I was in military college, I was known as "the worrying wreck from Virginia Tech". I worried so 41 that I often became ill. In __42__ , Ipoured out my troubles to Professor Baird, professor of business administration. The fifteen minutes that I spent with Professor Baird did more for my health and happiness than all the rest of the four years i spent in college. “Jim,” he said, "you oughtto sit down and face the facts. If you __43__ half as much time and energy to solvingyour problems as you do to worrying about them, you wouldn't have any worries.”I figured that i had failed physics because I had no interest in the subject.But now I changed my attitude. I said to myself: “If the college __44__ demand thatI pass my physics examination before I obtain a degree, who am i to question theirw isdom?”So I __45__ for physics again. This time I passed because instead of wasting mytime in worrying about how hard it was, i studied __46__ .I solved my __47__ worries by taking on some additional jobs, such as sellingpunch at the college dances, and by borrowing money from my father, which i paid back soon after __48__ .As I look back at it now, I can see that My problem was one of __49__ , a lackof willingness to find the causes of my worry and face them realistically.41-49 FAIBE CGJD（嘉定）A. losingB. influenceC. originalD. identifiedE.futureF. regularlyG. attractedH. convincingI. carefullyJ. processSome people are happy to believe in ESP (超感官知觉) while others are firm disbelievers.Parapsychologists (灵学专家), who lend a certain seriousness to the subject, have41 four types of ESP: One type called clairvoyance describes the act of being ableto obtain knowledge of a person or event without the use of the normal senses; Anothertype, telepathy, is the 42 by which a person is able to read another person’s thoughts without the use of any of the normal senses; Still another type, psychogenesis,is the ability to 43 a physical object just by thinking about it; The last type, precognition, is the term applied when somebody is able to foresee 44 events.Over the years there have been many ESP experiments conducted by serious scientistsin serious institutions. Joseph Banks Rhine, a botanist at Duke University published afamous book in 1934 called " Extra-Sensory Perception" in which he claimed to haveoverwhelming（压倒的）evidence of ESP. However, other scientists have been unable to repeat his results exactly in the same way, which has resulted in the book 45 much ofits original reliability.The Granzfield experiments are considered to have been the most 46 examinedESP e xperiments. The experimenters had their eyes covered and ears blocked while a "sender" attempted to transmit messages. Later the experimenters would compare the messages received to the 47 messages sent out. There was a great deal of excitement andinterest at the time but the research failed to produce 48 results.Human b eings are 49 to the supernatural phenomena. ESP w ill always continue to fascinate human beings. Some o f the most successful films in recent years have fuelled interest among the younger generations who are starting to ask the same questions andto look for explanations for the same phenomena as their parents and grandparents before them. Who knows? One day we might just find these answers because one thing is certain,“The truth is out there!"41---49 D J B E A I C H G（黄浦）C.D. releasedE. originatedA. energeticB. tryingestablishedH.I. produce J. discoveredF. consumeG. enjoyingfashionableSome people cannot imagine starting the day without a cup of coffee. From themost __41__ cafes of Paris to the breakfast stands lining the streets of Taipei, coffee has firmly __42__ itself as one of the world’s favourite beverages. For such awell-loved drink, however, few people are aware of its curious origins.As a legend goes, coffee berries were first __43__ in 850 by an Ethiopian goatherder who noticed his goats were much livelier after having eaten the red berriesof a local bush. After __44__ the berries himself, the goat herder felt much more__45__ than usual. The news about the wonderful berry was __46__ quickly, and soonmonks were looking on it as an elixir（仙丹妙药） and eating it to help stay awake during evening prayers.Although coffee __47__ on the plateaus of Ethiopia, it was the Arabs who firstcultivated it around 1100. They were also the first people to roast it and boil it.By 1475, people in Constantinople were __48__ a cup of coffee in the world’s first coffee shop. Coffee spread to Europe around 1600 and to the New World seven yearslater.These days, it seems you can get a cup of coffee just about everywhere you go.Every year, coffee lovers __49__ more than 400 billion cups of coffee and make itone of the world’s biggest commodities—second only to oil.41—45 HCJBA 46—49 DEGF（虹口）A. basedB. scheduleC. individualD. determinedE.achievingF. ambitiousG. successH. studyingI. marvelJ.smarterThe Secret of SuccessThe secret of success is that there is no secret. Some people succeed becausethey are just __41__ than other people. Some people succeed because they just workharder than other people. And some people succeed because they are just plain lucky.Ma Donghan is a student at Tsinghua University who is __42__ to be successfuland she’s not going to leave it to luck.Ma i s obviously smart because she’s a student at the best university in China, but her plan for success is __43__ on the old fashion value of hard work. You can see that by the weekly schedule she’s set up for herselfwhich was recently posted online.Every hour of every day is accounted for. There is her classroom __44__, of course, but then blocks of time are set aside for __45__ each subject and also for a fewactivities like playing sports. There are no hours set aside for just relaxing andthere are only five hours allotted(分配) each night for sleeping. She has set a very __46__, almost punishing schedule for herself, but it seems to be working.Other students __47__ at Ma’s diligence and discipline but doubt that they could achieve the same level of success. Perhaps not, but Ma i s obviously a unique and special __48__. She has set high goals, made a plan to achieve those goals, and worked hardto keep to her plan. This is what other students can learn from Ma.In school, as in life, __49__ is never guaranteed and not everyone will find himor herself at the top of the pyramid. The important thing to remember is that havinga plan and working hard to stay with the plan will bring you a level of success thatjust being smart and lucky cannot.41-49: J D A B H FICG（奉贤）A. speciesB. concernedC. extensionD. barelyE. incrediblyF. monitoredG. introducedH. survivalI. seriouslyJ. extinctionThey may be so small that they can crawl along the edge of a coin, but the endangered status of the Partula gibba snails means soon they may not be visible at all.The critically endangered snail, which is __41__ bigger than a pin head at birth,is facing __42__ after a failed farming experiment almost wiped out its number inits native Pacific islands. When t he predatory (食肉的）rosy wolf-snail from Florida was __43__ to the islands in 1974 in an attempt to control land snail numbers, itinstead fed on tree snails, including the tiny Partula gibba ones.Now B ritish conservationists are battling to save the tiny creature. Marwell Zoo in Hampshire, England is home t o 123 of the world's remaining 306 Partula gibba snails.This year, the zoo will release some of the snails into reserves on the Pacificislands. The snails will then be closely __44__ until they are released into the wild to look after themselves.Snail keeper Geoff Read at Marwell Zoo is deeply __45__ about the fate of thesnails. "i'm looking at a(n) __46__ dying in front of me and to think these snailscould become extinct in my lifetime is __47__ sad," he said."I know they are only snails, and i hate to say that, BUT because they are notcute (可爱的） and fluffy (毛茸茸的)，people do not seem to care. These animals are rare." added the keeper, who called for responsibility to be taken "very __48__. ”But there seems to be some good news. The International Partula Conservationprogramme has plans to reintroduce the snails into the wild, so there could be hope for the future. "There home there is like a bio-security room and the environmentis key to their __49__ ."41?45 DJGFB 46?49 AEIH（宝山）A.majorityB. involvingC. associationD. visibleE.wearingF. distractionG. attentivelyH. fatalI. specificallyJ.neededPeople who wear headphones might want to throw them away while walking outside.A study finds that accidents involving walkers 41 the devices have increasedthree times in recent years.Researchers combed several sources to find incidents in the U.S. of crashes 42 walkers and vehicles from 2004 to 2011. Searching the National Injury SurveillanceSystem, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Google News a rchives and Westlaw Campus Research, they found 116 cases of death or injury involving walkers wearingheadphones. Cases in which people were using mobile phones (including hands-freedevices) were not included.Over the years the number of cases increased, from 16 in 2004 and 2005 to 47in 2010 and 2011. The victims’ average age was 21, and most (68 percent) were male.The 43 ( 67percent ) were under the age of 30. Most (55 percent) were hit by trains, and 70 percent of the crashes, most of which were in urban areas, were 44 .In 74 percent of the cases, police or eyewitness reports said the walker hadheadphones on when hit. And 29 percent of reports made mention of horns or warningbells going off before the crash.The study authors pointed to two likely causes that may be a factor in what they call “the possible 45 between headphone use and walker injury”: sensory。